rhemen.

Brit.

/riːm/, U.S.

/rim/

Inflections: Plural rhemes, (rare) rhemata.

Forms: 1800s– rhema (chiefly in sense 1a), 1800s– rheme.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek ῥηματ-, ῥῆμα.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ῥηματ-, ῥῆμα that which is said, word, saying < an ablaut variant of the base of ancient Greek (Epic and Ionic) ἐρέω (earlier ϝερέω ; Attic ἐρῶ ) I shall say (see word n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare post-classical Latin rhema that which is said, word (from 10th cent. in British sources as rima).

1. Philosophy.

a. Logic. Originally in the work of American philosopher C. S. Peirce (1839-1914): a sign, or part of a sentence or proposition, expressing a particular concept or idea; a term, a propositional function.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > term of a proposition > [noun]

term1551

limit1599

rheme1892

1892 C. S. Peirce in Open Court 6 3417/1 A rhema is closely analogous to a chemical atom or radicle with unsaturated bonds. A non-relative rhema is like a univalent radicle; it has but one unsaturated bond. A relative rhema is like a multivalent radicle.

1892 C. S. Peirce in Open Court 6 3417/1 Two non-relative rhemas being joined give a complete proposition.

1892 C. S. Peirce in Open Court 6 3417/2 It follows that if we find three distinct and irreducible forms of rhemata, the ideas of these should be the three elementary conceptions of metaphysics.

1897 J. P. Postgate in Fortn. Rev. Sept. 428 I propose..to call the expression of a single idea or notion a rheme from ῥῆμα, ‘a thing said’ and to distinguish the expressions of qualifications and connections of such rhemes by calling them epirrhemes though, as a general term, rheme may serve for both.

c1903 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1932) II. ii. ii. 144 A Rheme is a sign which, for its Interpretant, is a Sign of qualitative Possibility, that is, is understood as representing such and such a kind of possible Object.

1941 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 6 161 Peirce's concept of a rheme or rhema may be considered an anticipation of that of a propositional function.

1976 P. T. Geach & A. Kenny Prior's Doctrine of Propositions & Terms 88 Predicates thus conceived as propositions with their subjects left out he called ‘rhemes’, from the Greek for ‘verb’. More often he excepts proper names and especially demonstrative pronouns.

1996 E. V. Daniel Charred Lullabies i. 27 Peirce compares a rheme (he also calls it a term or a rhema) to a proposition with a blank for its subject.

b. In J. L. Austin's theory of speech acts: the sense or meaning of a sentence, etc., as used on a particular occasion; an utterance. Cf. pheme n., rhetic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > [noun] > function word

particle1533

parcel1571

syncategorem1655

agency1778

empty word1854

symbolic1871

form-word1875

structural word1884

particule1889

pheme1906

structure word1925

function word1927

operator1938

logical word1940

keneme1950

rheme1953

functor1958

1953 J. L. Austin MS Lect. Notes: Words & Deeds (Bodl. Eng. Misc. c. 395) f. 12 That same pheme (token of same type) may be used on diff[eren]t occ[asio]ns of utt[era]nce with diff[eren]t sense or refer[en]ce and so be diff[eren]t rheme... The pheme is unit of l[an]g[ua]ge, rheme of speech.

1987 F. Recanati Meaning & Force iv. ix. 239 For Austin,..the rheme is what is produced in the course of a rhetic act... There are two types of meaning: the determinable meaning of the pheme (i.e., the linguistic meaning of the sentence) and the determinate meaning of the rheme.

2008 I. Rumfitt in F. Jackson & M. Smith Oxf. Handbk. Contemp. Philos. iv. xvi. 440 It is by directing a certain pheme at his audience that a speaker (or writer) will have expressed a certain rheme to him, and will have expressed it with a certain illocutionary force.

2. Linguistics. A part of a sentence or utterance giving new information about the theme (theme n. 1d).The paired and contrasted terms theme and rheme were developed particularly by academics of the Prague School of linguistics after the Second World War, as part of their research into the presentation of information in utterances. Some linguists refer to more or less the same distinction between theme and rheme by using the terms ‘topic’ and ‘comment’ respectively.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > rheme

rheme1957

1957 J. Firbas in Sborník Prací Filosofické Fakulty Brnĕnské Univ. 6 90 Mathesius holds that the rheme proper of a pronominal question is its interrogative word.

1959 J. Firbas in Brno Stud. in Eng. 1 39 Those sentence elements which convey something that is known, or may be inferred, from the verbal or from the situational context..are to be regarded as..the theme of the sentence. On the other hand, those sentence elements which convey the new piece of information are to be regarded as..the rheme of the sentence.

1976 Archivum Linguisticum 7 130 The distinction between old and new information has been recognized as the dichotomy of ‘theme’ and ‘rheme’ in the Prague school of linguistics, and under the terms ‘topic’ and ‘comment’ in recent times.

1989 K. Wales Dict. Stylistics 405 The rheme or rhematic element carries most semantic importance in the utterance, most commonly coinciding with new information, and in English at least, occurring in focus position towards the end of the utterance.

2005 C. Beedham Lang. & Meaning vi. 140 The theme of a sentence is old information or less important information, rheme is new information or more important information. Linguists disagree on how theme-rheme is realized formally in language.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rheme
释义	rhemen. Brit. /riːm/, U.S. /rim/ Inflections: Plural rhemes, (rare) rhemata. Forms: 1800s– rhema (chiefly in sense 1a), 1800s– rheme. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek ῥηματ-, ῥῆμα. Etymology: < ancient Greek ῥηματ-, ῥῆμα that which is said, word, saying < an ablaut variant of the base of ancient Greek (Epic and Ionic) ἐρέω (earlier ϝερέω ; Attic ἐρῶ ) I shall say (see word n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare post-classical Latin rhema that which is said, word (from 10th cent. in British sources as rima). 1. Philosophy. a. Logic. Originally in the work of American philosopher C. S. Peirce (1839-1914): a sign, or part of a sentence or proposition, expressing a particular concept or idea; a term, a propositional function. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > term of a proposition > [noun] term1551 limit1599 rheme1892 1892 C. S. Peirce in Open Court 6 3417/1 A rhema is closely analogous to a chemical atom or radicle with unsaturated bonds. A non-relative rhema is like a univalent radicle; it has but one unsaturated bond. A relative rhema is like a multivalent radicle. 1892 C. S. Peirce in Open Court 6 3417/1 Two non-relative rhemas being joined give a complete proposition. 1892 C. S. Peirce in Open Court 6 3417/2 It follows that if we find three distinct and irreducible forms of rhemata, the ideas of these should be the three elementary conceptions of metaphysics. 1897 J. P. Postgate in Fortn. Rev. Sept. 428 I propose..to call the expression of a single idea or notion a rheme from ῥῆμα, ‘a thing said’ and to distinguish the expressions of qualifications and connections of such rhemes by calling them epirrhemes though, as a general term, rheme may serve for both. c1903 C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1932) II. ii. ii. 144 A Rheme is a sign which, for its Interpretant, is a Sign of qualitative Possibility, that is, is understood as representing such and such a kind of possible Object. 1941 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 6 161 Peirce's concept of a rheme or rhema may be considered an anticipation of that of a propositional function. 1976 P. T. Geach & A. Kenny Prior's Doctrine of Propositions & Terms 88 Predicates thus conceived as propositions with their subjects left out he called ‘rhemes’, from the Greek for ‘verb’. More often he excepts proper names and especially demonstrative pronouns. 1996 E. V. Daniel Charred Lullabies i. 27 Peirce compares a rheme (he also calls it a term or a rhema) to a proposition with a blank for its subject. b. In J. L. Austin's theory of speech acts: the sense or meaning of a sentence, etc., as used on a particular occasion; an utterance. Cf. pheme n., rhetic adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > [noun] > function word particle1533 parcel1571 syncategorem1655 agency1778 empty word1854 symbolic1871 form-word1875 structural word1884 particule1889 pheme1906 structure word1925 function word1927 operator1938 logical word1940 keneme1950 rheme1953 functor1958 1953 J. L. Austin MS Lect. Notes: Words & Deeds (Bodl. Eng. Misc. c. 395) f. 12 That same pheme (token of same type) may be used on diff[eren]t occ[asio]ns of utt[era]nce with diff[eren]t sense or refer[en]ce and so be diff[eren]t rheme... The pheme is unit of l[an]g[ua]ge, rheme of speech. 1987 F. Recanati Meaning & Force iv. ix. 239 For Austin,..the rheme is what is produced in the course of a rhetic act... There are two types of meaning: the determinable meaning of the pheme (i.e., the linguistic meaning of the sentence) and the determinate meaning of the rheme. 2008 I. Rumfitt in F. Jackson & M. Smith Oxf. Handbk. Contemp. Philos. iv. xvi. 440 It is by directing a certain pheme at his audience that a speaker (or writer) will have expressed a certain rheme to him, and will have expressed it with a certain illocutionary force. 2. Linguistics. A part of a sentence or utterance giving new information about the theme (theme n. 1d).The paired and contrasted terms theme and rheme were developed particularly by academics of the Prague School of linguistics after the Second World War, as part of their research into the presentation of information in utterances. Some linguists refer to more or less the same distinction between theme and rheme by using the terms ‘topic’ and ‘comment’ respectively. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > rheme rheme1957 1957 J. Firbas in Sborník Prací Filosofické Fakulty Brnĕnské Univ. 6 90 Mathesius holds that the rheme proper of a pronominal question is its interrogative word. 1959 J. Firbas in Brno Stud. in Eng. 1 39 Those sentence elements which convey something that is known, or may be inferred, from the verbal or from the situational context..are to be regarded as..the theme of the sentence. On the other hand, those sentence elements which convey the new piece of information are to be regarded as..the rheme of the sentence. 1976 Archivum Linguisticum 7 130 The distinction between old and new information has been recognized as the dichotomy of ‘theme’ and ‘rheme’ in the Prague school of linguistics, and under the terms ‘topic’ and ‘comment’ in recent times. 1989 K. Wales Dict. Stylistics 405 The rheme or rhematic element carries most semantic importance in the utterance, most commonly coinciding with new information, and in English at least, occurring in focus position towards the end of the utterance. 2005 C. Beedham Lang. & Meaning vi. 140 The theme of a sentence is old information or less important information, rheme is new information or more important information. Linguists disagree on how theme-rheme is realized formally in language. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1892
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