请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 retinue
释义

retinuen.

Brit. /ˈrɛtᵻnjuː/, U.S. /ˈrɛtnˌ(j)u/
Forms: Middle English reteignew, Middle English reten (probably transmission error), Middle English retene (probably transmission error), Middle English retenev, Middle English retenu, Middle English retenv, Middle English retynu, Middle English–1500s retenew, Middle English–1500s retenewe, Middle English–1500s retynewe, Middle English–1500s retynue, Middle English–1600s retenue, Middle English (in a late copy)–1600s retinewe, Middle English– retinue, 1500s retynew, 1500s retynuewes (plural), 1500s–1600s retinew, 1600s reteenue, 1600s retinnue; also Scottish pre-1700 ratenew, pre-1700 reteneu, pre-1700 retenew, pre-1700 retenewe, pre-1700 retennew, pre-1700 retenu, pre-1700 retenwe, pre-1700 retinew, pre-1700 retynie, pre-1700 retynew.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French retenu.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman retenu, Anglo-Norman and Middle French retenue fact of taking prisoner (12th cent. in Old French), moderation, restraint, reduction in force (13th cent.), fact of keeping someone near oneself (1342), fact of taking someone into one's service, engagement in service (1347), group of people in the service or employment of or accompanying a person (2nd half of 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman and Middle French), use as noun of feminine of past participle of retenir retain v. Compare Old Occitan (Gascon) retenua, Old Occitan retenguda (12th cent.).The Middle English forms reten and retene probably show transmission errors, perhaps arising from misapprehension of u as n , although compare also retain n. and forms at retain v. Metrical evidence suggests that the position of the stress varied in early use and was frequently on the second syllable, as is confirmed by the evidence of dictionaries; Walker (1791) notes that the stress was formerly always on the second syllable, but that usage varied among his contemporaries. With sense 6 compare later retenue n. and French retenue in sense ‘restraint, caution, modesty (in speech or conduct)’ (see retenue n.).
1.
a.
(a) A group of people (or animals) in the service of or accompanying a person, esp. a sovereign, noble, or person in authority; a train, a suite.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue
hirdc888
douthOE
gingc1175
folkc1275
hirdfolcc1275
tail1297
meiniec1300
meiniec1300
routc1325
suitc1325
peoplec1330
leading1382
retinuea1387
repairc1390
retenancea1393
farneta1400
to-draughta1400
sembly14..
sequelc1420
manya1425
followingc1429
affinity?1435
family1438
train1489
estatec1500
port1545
retain1548
equipage1579
suite1579
attendancy1586
attendance1607
tendancea1616
sequacesa1660
cortège1679
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 283 Charles [Martel]..helde þe kynges of Fraunce in his retenue [?a1475 anon. tr. seruyce; L. clientela].
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 3885 (MED) That is every Prince holde, To make of suche his retenue Whiche wise ben, and to remue The foles.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 3207 (MED) Thei schuld gadre her naue..And with alle here men & here retenu..wynne aȝen Eleyne his dru.
1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §59. m. 3 Other persones beyng in the said tresorers of Calice retenue.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 429 His retennew than gaderit he, That war gud men of gret bounte.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 127 Alexander..Passyd wyth his retenue towarde..Inde.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bviii The damned spirites in hell, with al their adherentes, retynewe & seruauntes.
1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. C2v So many Nymphs which she doth hold In her retinew.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 58 Hauing sent away his armie, and trauelling with his ordinarie retinue to Tiberias.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura sig. b7 Painters chiefe of the court and retinue to the Emperour of Japan.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 793 His Majesty..and their royal Highnesses went from their Lodgings with their respective Retinews.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ix. 390 Three Mandarines, with..a vast retinue, came on board the Centurion.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. vi. 224 The Marquis passed on to the hall where his retinue awaited.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. v. 100 Dogs, hawks, and led-horses, swelled the retinue, and the air resounded at intervals with the cheer of the hunters.
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lviii. 285 Philip was immediately taken with all his retinue.
1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. 4th Ser. i. iv. 49 The hall was thronged with the retinues of the king and the barons.
1906 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 27 22 Can she be in the retinue of the queen?
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 10 Apr. Olive was the daughter of a Forest Hill surgeon whose retinue included a chauffeur.
2007 R. Hardman Year with Queen iv. 199 The President's small retinue of eleven will be divided between the old suites.
(b) figurative and in extended use: a set of associated objects, emotions, circumstances, etc., that accompany or follow something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies
purtenancea1382
accessory1429
retinue?a1439
accessaryc1475
companion1533
annexe?1541
hanger-ona1555
supply1567
copemate1581
complement1586
fere1593
adjective1597
annexment1604
annexary1605
attendant1607
adherence1610
adjacent1610
wife1616
fellower1620
coincident1626
attendancy1654
associate1658
appanage1663
conjunct1667
perquisite1667
familiar1668
satellite1702
accompaniment1709
accompanying1761
side dish1775
obbligato1825
shadow1830
rider1859
gadget1917
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 1127 (MED) Thus cam in the domynacioun Of vices alle, & heeld a gret bataille, The retenv sent from thynfernal dongoun, Vs woful wrechchis in erthe for tassaille.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 437 Ȝif þou fle pride & his retenu, þanne þou vencuȝchist wel þe fend.
?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Eij Christes lawe maye not continue..to haue non els of my retynue. Companyons I want, to begynne thys tragedye, Namely false doctryne, and hys brother hypocresye.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. ii. 108 Their captaine, the heart..pufft vp with this retinew, doth any deed of courage. View more context for this quotation
1647 H. More Philos. Poems 205 For right it is that none a sun debarre Of Planets which his just and due retinue are.
1685 J. Dryden Threnodia Augustalis xviii. 25 There appears The long Retinue of a Prosperous Reign, A Series of Successful years.
a1740 D. Waterland Diss. Argument A Priori iii, in Wks. (1823) IV. 467 This whole train of suppositions, or assertions, brought in as part of the retinue to wait upon the argument a priori.
1791 G. Butt Serm. I. iii. 53 Fear and indolence, envy, discontent, and ill-temper, usually form the retinue of worldly sorrow.
1843 M. M. Davidson in W. Irving Biogr. & Poet. Remains (new ed.) 116 Her smiling lip, with its childlike dimples, seemed bidding defiance to care and sorrow, with all their retinue of sighs, tears, and wrinkles.
1850 E. B. Browning Crowned & Wedded iii While loving hopes, for retinues, about her sweetness wait.
1925 Times 23 Nov. 8/6 (advt.) The menace of chill hasn't altered, liability to coughs, colds and all their wretched retinue, hasn't altered.
1999 Prague Business Jrnl. (Nexis) 8 Nov. The beautifully presented, if somewhat pricey, appetizers..will make handsome retinues to the exceptional cocktails.
b. A group of people (or animals) comprising a retinue. Also figurative and in extended use.
ΚΠ
c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 353 (MED) Euery lorde schulde grade and bryng his retynu of peple with hym.
?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth lxiii. f. lxxxvii Sylla anone was send forth wt a great retynue of fotemen & horsmen.
1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis xiv. 1 The standing of the lambe with his army and retinue of men.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 355 The tedious pomp that waits On Princes, when thir rich Retinue long Of Horses led..Dazles the croud. View more context for this quotation
1709 Brit. Apollo 26–28 Jan. This Light, which in part compos'd the Schechinah is suppos'd to have been Accompanied with a Numerous Retinue of Attending Angels.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives I. 248 He always had about him..a numerous retinue of servants.
1866 Ladies' Repository Nov. 652/1 That feeling, however, soon gave way to a more sober retinue of feelings.
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xxi. 538 The barons kept an enormous retinue of officers and servants.
1908 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 8 24 A retinue of attendants to do service and bear witness to the earthly rank of every free man or woman of any importance.
1936 Stage June 65/2 On a revolving stage built over a lagoon..were to whirl..a thousand girls, Shirley Temple, Sally Rand, and a retinue of fan dancers.
1976 L. Hurvitz tr. Kumārajīva Script. Lotus Blossom i. i. 2 There were the four great god kings together with their retinue of ten thousand sons of gods.
2007 Sydney (Austral.) Morning Herald (Nexis) 10 Dec. (Guide) 30 They enrol him with an online dating service that provides a retinue of vixens from Madame Zoe's Home Visit Cybersex Service.
c. Without article: the members of a retinue collectively. Also figurative and in extended use.
ΚΠ
1576 J. Fouler tr. T. More Brief Fourme of Confession iii. f. 39v In bearing ouer great pomp & countenance either in apparel, fare, or retinue.
a1618 W. Bradshaw Expos. Second Epist. to Thessalonians (1620) iii. viii. 185 Did he vse to exceed so in apparell, and retinue, and costly fare, that the maintayning of him should require some large expence?
a1665 Earl of Marlborough Warn. Careless World (1666) 13 He..had..multitudes of Attendants and Retinue of all sexes.
1665 J. Glanvill Scepsis Scientifica xviii. 109 Worth is not to be judg'd by Success, and Retinue.
a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) v. 101 Neither Pomp nor Retinue shall be able to divert the Great, nor shall the Rich be relieved by the Multitude of his Treasures.
1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XVII. 589 He immediately went to Whitehall, which he found to be one of the ideal palaces, without habitations for retinue, or capability of reception of residents.
1863 H. W. Longfellow Sicilian's Tale i, in Tales Wayside Inn 55 With retinue of many a knight and squire.
1931 Geogr. Jrnl. 78 330 The morning of 21 October 1929 saw my wife and myself, complete with car, camp equipage, and an irreducible minimum of retinue, jolting steadily westwards.
1961 P. K. Hitti Near East in Hist. xix. 224 At the head of a vast train of retinue, slaves and prisoners of war..Musa made his long way through North Africa and Palestine.
1999 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 13 Oct. l7 This distinguished jurist would appear, without retinue, in a crowded diner, take a seat, and commence a conversation.
2. The state or condition of being engaged in the service of another person. Also: the fact of being dependent on or subordinate to a person. Now historical.Apparently rare in 18th and early 19th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > condition or occupation of > fact of being or relationship of
retinuea1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1328 (MED) This is a wonder retenue, That malgre wher sche wole or non Min herte is everemore in on.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 1166 That I scholde will remue And put him out of retenue.
c1440 Chancery Proc. Ser. C1 File 9 No. 345 (MED) Þe seyd John was in retenuz wt..William off Stafford, esquier, to go wt hym in to ffraunce ffor þe werrez.
1444 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 63/2 Service till us to be done as is contenit in the lettrez of retenew till us maid.
1489 Act 4 Henry VII c. 4 in Statutes of Realm (1816) II. 530/1 Yf eny persone..reteyned in the seid arme or viage resorte..yn to this reame discharged of the seid retinue arme and viage.
1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 14 §6 Any captaine of any shippe in the time of warre, being in the retinue and seruice of the kinges highnes.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 44 The Bononians also..were dependantes of the Antonii and in there retinue and protection.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 719 Neuer rising against them, but proud of their dependence and retinue.
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 353 Thomas Morvile was discharged of his election into the House of Commons in Parliament.., for that he was in the service or retinue of his Mother the Princess of Wales.
1860 J. S. C. Abbott Italy xiv. 266 He disguised his slaves as lictors, officers in retinue.
1902 ‘Q’ White Wolf 10 So to Egeskov we rode, and there found no less than forty suitors assembled, and some with a hundred servants in retinue.
1977 M. Keen Outlaws Mediaeval Legend (rev. ed.) 203 His men are bound together in a known company by the strong ties of retinue.
1991 Jrnl. Social Hist. 25 130 Bean minimizes the negative impact of indentures of retinue on late medieval English society.
3. Tenor, import; substance. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > drift, tenor, purport > [noun]
sentence?c1225
intent1303
tenora1387
intendment1390
strengthc1390
porta1393
meaningc1395
process1395
continencea1398
purposec1400
substance1415
purport1422
matterc1450
storyc1450
containing1477
contenu1477
retinue1484
fecka1500
content1513
drift1526
intention1532
vein1543
importing1548
scope1549
importance1552
course1553
force1555
sense?1556
file1560
intelliment?1562
proporta1578
preport1583
import1588
importment1602
carriage1604
morala1616
significancy1641
amount1678
purview1688
sentiment1713
capacity1720
spirit1742
message1828
thrust1968
messaging1977
1484 in J. Gairdner Lett. Reigns of Richard III & Henry VII (1861) I. 77 Two other lettres of the same reteignew.
4. The action of keeping a person or thing; retention. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > [noun]
holding?c1225
keepingc1400
retainment1449
retainer1453
retain1455
retainingc1460
retainder1467
retinue1489
retentivea1500
retention1540
reservation1607
retainal1754
reserval1829
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xii. sig. Cj Comyssaryes that gode hede shal take that for couetyse of the payement of the souldyours noo decepcion be made by retenue of suche that be vnable.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxlv All the men of warre, that were aboute the retinue of Calice..and Guysnes, wer called home.
1597 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1969) XIII. 107 [His freedom may work a more effectual satisfaction towards..your sovereign than his] retenewe.
5. The limits or boundaries of a town. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > parts of town
panec1400
retinue1535
new town1600
town centre1836
Middletown1855
neighbourhood unit1929
1535–6 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 63 Ye shall not..admytte any persoune..into eny rowme within the retynue of the said Towne belongyng to your admyssion.
6. Restraint, self-control. Cf. retenue n. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] > means of restraint or restraining force
bridleeOE
bridea1425
restraint1523
aweband1531
bit1546
retentive1580
control1594
curb1613
hank1613
constriction1650
retinue1651
check1661
spigot1780
brake1875
way-chain1884
tab1889
inhibitor1902
check-cord1908
iron maiden1912
inhibition1932
1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise ii. 133 There is no retinue nor limits to a woman that suffers herself to be blinded with that foolish passion.

Phrases

P1. to make one's retinue with: to enter into service with. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > be servant [verb (intransitive)] > take service with
to make one's retinue witha1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 3267 (MED) Slowthe, which is evele affaited, With Slep hath mad his retenue.
1415 in 43rd Ann. Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. (1882) App. i. 583 in Parl. Papers (C. 3425) XXXVI. 1 I wente hamward, gracius lorde, from zowe quen I hade made my retenu withe zow.
P2.
a. to make a retinue and variants: to keep a group of people in service. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > be a retainer or follower of [verb (transitive)] > keep retainers
to make a retinue1399
entertain1549
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §10. m. 2 That thei..gyf no liverees of sygnes, no make no retenue of men bot of officers necessaries wythe in her household.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 (MED) The said kynge is compellid to make his armeys and retenues for the defence of his lande of straungers.
1487 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1487 §23. m. 10 By the unlawfull reteyners and retinews made..by the seid officers.
b. to have retinue of: to have the services of. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > serve [verb (transitive)] > have services of
to have retinue of1491
employ1523
command1575
1491 Act 7 Henry VII c. 1 in Statutes of Realm (1816) II. 549 Every Capteyn..and all other havyng under theym retynue of any Souldeour or Souldeours atte Kinges Wages.
P3.
a. of (a person's) retinue: in a person's service. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > in or into service [phrase]
in servicec1300
of (a person's) retinuea1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 2285 So that Danger, which stant of retenue With my ladi, his place mai remue.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1644 To the paleys rood ther many a route..Lordes in parementz on hir coursers Knyghtes of retenue, and eek Squyers.
c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 1103 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 336 Ymang vthire ane þar wes þat of retenu wes..of þat land til a mychtty man.
a1566 Q. Kennedy Compend. Ressonyng in 2 Eucharistic Tracts (1964) 181 Confessand..tham selfis oppinlie to be off his [sc. Christ's] retenwe and falloschype.
a1586 King Hart l. 506 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 270 Of retinew feit he him [= hired himself out] as þan And or he wist he spendit spedellie The flour of all the substance þat he wan.
b. at a person's retinue: in a person's service; at a person's command. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > at one's service or ready to serve [phrase]
at a person's handa1382
at the hand ofa1382
at a person's retinuec1400
to (also at) (a person's) retenance?a1430
at (a person's) servicec1485
at hand unto1613
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 271 Þe same ȝer þat þe Mortymer was taken, he hade at his retynu ix [score] knyghtz.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 689 (MED) He..Gadred peeple til he hadde in deede Two thousand cherlis at his retenu.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 652 (MED) Ryght nyce girles at my retenue Hadde I an heep.
a1500 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 348 (MED) As if þou haddist a lettre þat þi kynge..hiȝt þee greet eritage to be at hijs retenu & serue hym treuly, þou woldest don of þin hoode.
P4. in (long) retinue: in a (long) line or procession.
ΚΠ
1803 W. O. Pughe Geiriadur Cynmraeg a Saesoneg: Welsh & Eng. Dict. II Gosgorziad [read Gosgorddiad], a forming a retinue, a going in retinue.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 55 To horse we clomb, and so Went forth in long retinue following up The river.
1975 S. J. Levine tr. S. Sarduy Cobra i. 59 Picadors and mule drivers, duennas and maidens followed them in retinue.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retinuev.

Brit. /ˈrɛtᵻnjuː/, U.S. /ˈrɛtnˌ(j)u/
Forms: see retinue n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: retinue n.
Etymology: < retinue n.
1. transitive. To assemble (a group of people) as a retinue. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 4175 (MED) He retenewed that bene of his a-cord, To hym prevyly he dyd call.
2. transitive. To provide with a retinue; to accompany as a retinue. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > be a retainer or follower of [verb (transitive)] > provide with retainers or followers
man?1486
retinue1827
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. vii. 72 A chosen number brought, to retinue His great ascent on high.
1871 Our Monthly Oct. 287/2 He..sent him, with an attendance fit to retinue a prince, far away to Padan-aram.
1879 J. G. Butler Bible Readers' Comm. II. 186/1 Along the great Appian Way, retinued by this humble band of Christian disciples.
1935 R. Jeffers Solstice 22 Not as a guest from wandering, but as the king Your brother-in-law, retinued with quiet swords.

Derivatives

ˈretinued adj.
ΚΠ
1752 Bruiser in Hint on Duelling (ed. 2) 8 Each Regally retinued Millo would sweep the slenderly accompanied Clodius.
1841 New Monthly Mag. 62 ii. 407 The tapestried closet, the rich and retinued hall, the crowded levee, and the gay excitement of the ball-room.
1997 R. C. Trexler Journey of Magi iv. 148 Herod received them diplomatically in one ornate and richly retinued part of the patio.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.a1387v.a1450
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/11/10 18:30:57