retardedadj.n.

Brit.

/rᵻˈtɑːdᵻd/, U.S.

/rəˈtɑrdəd/,

/riˈtɑrdəd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retard v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < retard v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier unretarded adj., retardate adj.¹In sense A. 3, after Italian ritardato (T. Levi-Civita 1902, in Atti della Reale Accad. dei Lincei: Rendiconti, Classe di Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat. 11 165).

A. adj.

a. Held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [adjective] > delayed, deferred, or postponed

remiss?1518

adjourned1538

delayed1548

long-delayed1548

lag1552

prorogued1552

dilated1556

lagging1597

retardate1598

fristeda1600

lagged1602

retarded1636

deferred1651

prorogatory1672

lated1676

postponed1819

protracted1838

suspended1848

put-off1871

hung up1878

held1906

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [adjective] > hindering or retarding > hindered or retarded

forslowedc1590

retardate1598

retarded1636

1636 G. Sandys Paraphr. Psalmes David lxxviii. 127 He to his long retarded Wrath gives wings.

1785 J. Aitken Princ. Midwifery (ed. 2) iii. 88 Polypus, sometimes obstructs the vagina, and gives retarded labour.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough xxiii. 326 The timid Girls..Dip the small Foot in the retarded Brine.

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man II. xvii. 259 Male birds have acquired ornamental plumes at the cost of retarded flight.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 765 The first fits occur during retarded dentition.

1931 H. S. Williams Bk. Marvels 91 That the thyroidless rats should suffer retarded physical development was to be expected.

1970 H. Liebscher & F. Koehler tr. G. Fröhlich & W. Rodewald Pests & Dis. Trop. Crops 39 A number of virus diseases..manifest themselves by retarded growth, discoloration, and leaf curl.

2008 R. Taras Europe Old & New i. 34 Arguably, the legacy of communism manifests itself most acutely in the retarded economic development of the east.

†b. Characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > [adjective] > decreased in speed

slacked1628

retarded1656

slowed-down1890

slowed-up1893

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. viii. 83 The Plain described by its motion, whether Uniform, Accelerated or Retarded, shall be greater or less (the time being the same) in the same proportion with that of the Impetus reckoned in one motion to the Impetus reckoned in the other.

1674 F. Jessop Let. 9 Mar. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 506 When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion.

a1738 R. Helsham Course Lect. Nat. Philos. (1739) xvii. 260 It continues to go forward, but with a retarded motion; and is at length stopped by the repulsive power of B.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 398 Retarded motion is when the velocity continually decreases.

a. Originally: (Psychology) diagnosed with or characterized by learning difficulties or an intellectual disability; spec. having an IQ below 70. Later also more generally: (colloquial) designating a person regarded as mentally (or occasionally physically) deficient; slow, dim; feeble-minded (chiefly derogatory and offensive).In the formal sense the term is now often avoided, particularly in the United Kingdom, as potentially offensive, expressions referring to learning difficulties and intellectual or developmental disabilities now being preferred.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > learning impairment > [adjective]

silly1568

retarded1895

subnormal1898

educationally subnormal1916

1895 G. E. Shuttleworth Mentally-deficient Children ii. 19 Such children are also described as ‘backward’, or of ‘retarded mental development’—terms corresponding to the ‘Enfants arriérés’ of French writers..and the ‘Tardivi’ of the Italians.

1927 Official Year Bk. Commonwealth of Austral. 430 (heading) Education of retarded and defective children.

1959 J. Blake Let. 27 Nov. in Joint (1971) 244 Evergreen, okay, but that Hefner jazz is for retarded jockstraps.

1966 Ebony Mar. 74/1 Harolyn was born severely retarded, and was to spend the rest of her life under private and state nursing care.

1979 Books & Bookmen Jan. 43/1 Thirteen per cent were retarded, with an IQ between fifty and seventy.

1987 F. McGuinness Innocence in Plays: 1 (1996) 286 Antonio I don't know what yous two are on about. Lucio It's OK. He's retarded.

1990 J. C. Oates Because it is Bitter i. i. 7 Little Red..wasn't retarded, but slow-seeming as if on purpose, to antagonize, to tease and worry.

1994 Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 5/2 The study found that half of the smallest premature babies had IQs under 85... Around 21 per cent were retarded, compared with two per cent of full-term babies.

1997 J. Moore Never eat your Heart Out 142 A horsewoman, she cleaned her barn with help from a gangling retarded fellow with BO (a ‘simpleton’, my father-in-law said).

2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 7 July 7/2 Imposing the death penalty on a retarded person constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

2004 J. Meno Hairstyles of Damned 111 What's a dick for? What are you, retarded?

b. Of a person or person's development: less advanced than usual or expected; spec. (a) North American Education (of a pupil) behind his or her age cohort in educational progress or attainment; that has been held back one or more school grades (now rare); (b) (of an adult or child) less advanced than others in a particular (frequently specified) respect; underdeveloped, unsophisticated (originally Psychology, now also colloquial (somewhat derogatory)).

ΚΠ

1910 J. D. Heilman (title) A clinical study of one thousand retarded children in the public schools of Camden, New Jersey.

1916 L. M. Terman Measurem. of Intelligence i. 24 (heading) The intelligence of retarded children usually overestimated.

1938 Elementary School Jrnl. 38 698 Juvenile delinquents are emotionally retarded as compared, age for age, with non-delinquents measured on interest-attitude tests.

1959 Elementary School Jrnl. 59 268/2 We are not suggesting that the practice of holding a pupil ‘in grade’ should be abolished. Rather, a special effort should be made to provide learning activities that reach the retarded pupil.

1965 R. H. Waters & R. D. Parke in L. P. Lipsitt & C. C. Spiker Advances in Child Development & Behavior II. 79 Ongoing research..confirms the view that congenitally blind children tend to be socially retarded.

1984 E. Pawel Nightmare of Reason (1988) vi. 77 Kafka's image of himself as slow, if not downright retarded, in his sexual development.

1989 M. Felsen Anti-warrior x. 65 What we deemed a toy store for excessively wealthy but socially retarded grown-ups.

1999 J. L. O'Neill Through Eyes of Aliens vi. 55 A person can be retarded socially, retarded mentally, retarded emotionally, retarded developmentally. To be retarded in some way isn't a terrible thing to be ashamed of.

2003 M. Husain Elementary Educ. i. vi. 155 Vacation schools in which retarded pupils may catch up with their classes or accelerated pupils may gain time.

2008 E. J. Sun in A. Pung Growing up Asian in Austral. 336 Of course, like most emotionally retarded eight-year-old boys, the only way I could communicate with her was by calling her names. Pathetic really.

c. North American slang. Stupid, silly; foolish; pathetic (sometimes considered offensive).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective]

sloweOE

stuntc960

dullOE

hardOE

stuntlyc1000

sotc1050

dillc1175

dulta1225

simplea1325

heavy1340

astonedc1374

sheepishc1380

dull-witteda1387

lourd1390

steerishc1411

ass-likea1425

brainless?a1439

deafc1440

sluggishc1450

short-witted1477

obtuse1509

peakish1519

wearish1519

deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520

doileda1522

gross1526

headlessa1530

stulty1532

ass-headed1533

pot-headed1533

stupid?1541

sheep's head1542

doltish1543

dumpish1545

assish1548

blockish1548

slow-witted1548

blockheaded1549

surd1551

dull-headed1552

hammer-headed1552

skit-brained?1553

buzzardly1561

witless1562

log-headeda1566

assy1566

sottish1566

dastardly1567

stupidious1567

beetle-headed1570

calvish1570

bluntish1578

cod's-headed1578

grout-headed1578

bedaft1579

dull-pated1580

blate1581

buzzard-like1581

long-eared1582

dullard1583

woodena1586

duncical1588

leaden-headed1589

buzzard1592

dorbellical1592

dunstical1592

heavy-headeda1593

shallow-brained1592

blunt-witted1594

mossy1597

Bœotian1598

clay-brained1598

fat1598

fat-witted1598

knotty-pated1598

stupidous1598

wit-lost1599

barren1600

duncifiedc1600

lourdish1600

stockish1600

thick1600

booby1603

leaden-pated1603

partless1603

thin-headed1603

leaden-skulledc1604

blockhead1606

frost-brained1606

ram-headed1608

beef-witted1609

insulse1609

leaden-spirited1609

asininec1610

clumse1611

blockheadly1612

wattle-headed1613

flata1616

logger-headeda1616

puppy-headeda1616

shallow-patedc1616

thick-brained1619

half-headed1621

buzzard-blinda1625

beef-brained1628

toom-headed1629

thick-witted1634

woollen-witted1635

squirrel-headed1637

clod-pated1639

lean-souled1639

muddy-headed1642

leaden-witteda1645

as sad as any mallet1645

under-headed1646

fat-headed1647

half-witted1647

insipid1651

insulsate1652

soft-headed1653

thick-skulleda1657

muddish1658

non-intelligent1659

whey-brained1660

sap-headed1665

timber-headed1666

leather-headeda1668

out of (one's) tree1669

boobily1673

thoughtless1673

lourdly1674

logger1675

unintelligenta1676

Bœotic1678

chicken-brained1678

under-witted1683

loggerhead1684

dunderheaded1692

unintelligible1694

buffle-headed1697

crassicc1700

numbskulled1707

crassous1708

doddy-polled1708

haggis-headed1715

niddy-noddy1722

muzzy1723

pudding-headed1726

sumphish1728

pitcher-souleda1739

duncey1743

hebete1743

chuckheaded1756

dumb1756

duncely1757

imbecile1766

mutton-headed1768

chuckle-headed1770

jobbernowl1770

dowfarta1774

boobyish1778

wittol1780

staumrel1787

opaquec1789

stoopid1791

mud-headed1793

borné1795

muzzy-headed1798

nog-headed1800

thick-headed1801

gypit1804

duncish1805

lightweight1809

numbskull1814

tup-headed1816

chuckle-pate1820

unintellectuala1821

dense1822

ninnyish1822

dunch1825

fozy1825

potato-headed1826

beef-headed1828

donkeyish1831

blockheadish1833

pinheaded1837

squirrel-minded1837

pumpkin-headed1838

tomfoolish1838

dundering1840

chicken-headed1842

like a bump on a log1842

ninny-minded1849

numbheadeda1852

nincompoopish1852

suet-brained1852

dolly1853

mullet-headed1853

sodden1853

fiddle-headed1854

numb1854

bovine1855

logy1859

crass1861

unsmart1861

off his chump1864

wooden-headed1865

stupe1866

lean-minded1867

duffing1869

cretinous1871

doddering1871

thick-head1873

doddling1874

stupido1879

boneheaded1883

woolly-headed1883

leaden-natured1889

suet-headed1890

sam-sodden1891

dopey1896

turnip-headed1898

bonehead1903

wool-witted1905

peanut-headed1906

peanut-brained1907

dilly1909

torpid-minded1909

retardate1912

nitwitted1917

meat-headed1918

mug1922

cloth-headed1925

loopy1925

nitwit1928

lame-brained1929

dead from the neck up1930

simpy1932

nail-headed1936

square-headed1936

dingbats1937

pinhead1939

dim-witted1940

pea-brained1942

clueless1943

lobotomized1943

retarded1949

pointy-headed1950

clottish1952

like a stunned mullet1953

silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954

out to lunch1955

pin-brained1958

dozy1959

eejity1964

out of one's tiny mind1965

doofus1967

twitty1967

twittish1969

twatty1975

twattish1976

blur1977

dof1979

goofus1981

dickheaded1991

dickish1991

numpty1992

cockish1996

1949 M. Dickens Flowers on Grass ix. 242 ‘They say I’m retarded,’ Pamela told him..‘because I still like playing games.’

1954 F. Rooney Courts of Memory vi. 79 God, you're simple, Dick... You've got an I.Q. about equal to a squirrel's. You're retarded, do you hear me?

1966 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 30 Apr. 8/3 ‘That's retarded’, is something that I have heard repeated time after time.

1971 R. Woodley Dealer iii. 30 The cost of living is so fuckin' high it's retarded, man.

1993 Boston Globe (Nexis) 7 Jan. 60 Why are you being so retarded? Why are you doing this?

2005 N.Y. Mag. 18 July 21/2 In retrospect, it was a totally retarded idea.

3. Physics. Designating a potential or other parameter of an electromagnetic field in which an allowance is made for the finite propagation speed of the radiation, the potential due to a distant source being expressed in terms of the state of the source at some time in the past.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [adjective] > expressed in terms of source

retarded1902

1902 Sci. Abstr.: Physics & Electr. Engin. 5 577 The vector potentials, U V W, are calculated as retarded potentials.

1929 M. Mason & W. Weaver Electromagn. Field iv. 283 {ρ}, the so-called ‘retarded value’ of ρ, is given by {ρ} = ρ(x, y, z, t − r/c).

1941 C. A. Coulson Waves viii. 141 We call t − r/c the retarded time.

1975 D. M. Cook Theory Electromagn. Field xiv. 402 The potential at time t is determined by the state of the charge at the so-called retarded time t′.

2003 P. Cornille Adv. Electromagnetism & Vacuum Physics xi. 508 The solution is expressed in the form of a retarded potential.

B. n.

Psychology. With plural agreement. With the. People less advanced developmentally than others in a particular respect, esp. those diagnosed with learning difficulties or an intellectual disability, as a class.See note at sense A. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > person

congeonc1285

idiota1400

foola1425

natural foolc1450

natural idiot1497

natural1533

changeling1577

weakling1577

mooncalf1586

slimslack1600

aufe1621

oaf1638

weak-wit1656

underwit1682

imbecile1830

ament1871

unfortunate1881

balmy1903

subnormal1905

deficient1906

retard1909

retardate1912

retarded1912

mopoke1946

retardee1956

mong1980

1912 Pennsylvania School. Jrnl. 60 296/1 We have heard much of the retarded, but have scarcely come to realize that there is a corresponding class of the especially gifted.

1956 H. Michal-Smith Mentally Retarded Patient p. vii The mentally retarded of all ages are subject to illness as are other people.

1973 F. F. de la Cruz & G. D. LaVeck (title) Human sexuality and the mentally retarded.

2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Nov. 61/1 There are humans—infants, the severely retarded, the demented—whose mental functions cannot match that of a chimpanzee.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retarded
释义	retardedadj.n. Brit. /rᵻˈtɑːdᵻd/, U.S. /rəˈtɑrdəd/, /riˈtɑrdəd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retard v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < retard v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier unretarded adj., retardate adj.¹In sense A. 3, after Italian ritardato (T. Levi-Civita 1902, in Atti della Reale Accad. dei Lincei: Rendiconti, Classe di Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat. 11 165). A. adj. 1. a. Held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [adjective] > delayed, deferred, or postponed remiss?1518 adjourned1538 delayed1548 long-delayed1548 lag1552 prorogued1552 dilated1556 lagging1597 retardate1598 fristeda1600 lagged1602 retarded1636 deferred1651 prorogatory1672 lated1676 postponed1819 protracted1838 suspended1848 put-off1871 hung up1878 held1906 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [adjective] > hindering or retarding > hindered or retarded forslowedc1590 retardate1598 retarded1636 1636 G. Sandys Paraphr. Psalmes David lxxviii. 127 He to his long retarded Wrath gives wings. 1785 J. Aitken Princ. Midwifery (ed. 2) iii. 88 Polypus, sometimes obstructs the vagina, and gives retarded labour. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough xxiii. 326 The timid Girls..Dip the small Foot in the retarded Brine. 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man II. xvii. 259 Male birds have acquired ornamental plumes at the cost of retarded flight. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 765 The first fits occur during retarded dentition. 1931 H. S. Williams Bk. Marvels 91 That the thyroidless rats should suffer retarded physical development was to be expected. 1970 H. Liebscher & F. Koehler tr. G. Fröhlich & W. Rodewald Pests & Dis. Trop. Crops 39 A number of virus diseases..manifest themselves by retarded growth, discoloration, and leaf curl. 2008 R. Taras Europe Old & New i. 34 Arguably, the legacy of communism manifests itself most acutely in the retarded economic development of the east. †b. Characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > [adjective] > decreased in speed slacked1628 retarded1656 slowed-down1890 slowed-up1893 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. viii. 83 The Plain described by its motion, whether Uniform, Accelerated or Retarded, shall be greater or less (the time being the same) in the same proportion with that of the Impetus reckoned in one motion to the Impetus reckoned in the other. 1674 F. Jessop Let. 9 Mar. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 506 When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion. a1738 R. Helsham Course Lect. Nat. Philos. (1739) xvii. 260 It continues to go forward, but with a retarded motion; and is at length stopped by the repulsive power of B. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 398 Retarded motion is when the velocity continually decreases. 2. a. Originally: (Psychology) diagnosed with or characterized by learning difficulties or an intellectual disability; spec. having an IQ below 70. Later also more generally: (colloquial) designating a person regarded as mentally (or occasionally physically) deficient; slow, dim; feeble-minded (chiefly derogatory and offensive).In the formal sense the term is now often avoided, particularly in the United Kingdom, as potentially offensive, expressions referring to learning difficulties and intellectual or developmental disabilities now being preferred. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > learning impairment > [adjective] silly1568 retarded1895 subnormal1898 educationally subnormal1916 1895 G. E. Shuttleworth Mentally-deficient Children ii. 19 Such children are also described as ‘backward’, or of ‘retarded mental development’—terms corresponding to the ‘Enfants arriérés’ of French writers..and the ‘Tardivi’ of the Italians. 1927 Official Year Bk. Commonwealth of Austral. 430 (heading) Education of retarded and defective children. 1959 J. Blake Let. 27 Nov. in Joint (1971) 244 Evergreen, okay, but that Hefner jazz is for retarded jockstraps. 1966 Ebony Mar. 74/1 Harolyn was born severely retarded, and was to spend the rest of her life under private and state nursing care. 1979 Books & Bookmen Jan. 43/1 Thirteen per cent were retarded, with an IQ between fifty and seventy. 1987 F. McGuinness Innocence in Plays: 1 (1996) 286 Antonio I don't know what yous two are on about. Lucio It's OK. He's retarded. 1990 J. C. Oates Because it is Bitter i. i. 7 Little Red..wasn't retarded, but slow-seeming as if on purpose, to antagonize, to tease and worry. 1994 Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 5/2 The study found that half of the smallest premature babies had IQs under 85... Around 21 per cent were retarded, compared with two per cent of full-term babies. 1997 J. Moore Never eat your Heart Out 142 A horsewoman, she cleaned her barn with help from a gangling retarded fellow with BO (a ‘simpleton’, my father-in-law said). 2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 7 July 7/2 Imposing the death penalty on a retarded person constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. 2004 J. Meno Hairstyles of Damned 111 What's a dick for? What are you, retarded? b. Of a person or person's development: less advanced than usual or expected; spec. (a) North American Education (of a pupil) behind his or her age cohort in educational progress or attainment; that has been held back one or more school grades (now rare); (b) (of an adult or child) less advanced than others in a particular (frequently specified) respect; underdeveloped, unsophisticated (originally Psychology, now also colloquial (somewhat derogatory)). ΚΠ 1910 J. D. Heilman (title) A clinical study of one thousand retarded children in the public schools of Camden, New Jersey. 1916 L. M. Terman Measurem. of Intelligence i. 24 (heading) The intelligence of retarded children usually overestimated. 1938 Elementary School Jrnl. 38 698 Juvenile delinquents are emotionally retarded as compared, age for age, with non-delinquents measured on interest-attitude tests. 1959 Elementary School Jrnl. 59 268/2 We are not suggesting that the practice of holding a pupil ‘in grade’ should be abolished. Rather, a special effort should be made to provide learning activities that reach the retarded pupil. 1965 R. H. Waters & R. D. Parke in L. P. Lipsitt & C. C. Spiker Advances in Child Development & Behavior II. 79 Ongoing research..confirms the view that congenitally blind children tend to be socially retarded. 1984 E. Pawel Nightmare of Reason (1988) vi. 77 Kafka's image of himself as slow, if not downright retarded, in his sexual development. 1989 M. Felsen Anti-warrior x. 65 What we deemed a toy store for excessively wealthy but socially retarded grown-ups. 1999 J. L. O'Neill Through Eyes of Aliens vi. 55 A person can be retarded socially, retarded mentally, retarded emotionally, retarded developmentally. To be retarded in some way isn't a terrible thing to be ashamed of. 2003 M. Husain Elementary Educ. i. vi. 155 Vacation schools in which retarded pupils may catch up with their classes or accelerated pupils may gain time. 2008 E. J. Sun in A. Pung Growing up Asian in Austral. 336 Of course, like most emotionally retarded eight-year-old boys, the only way I could communicate with her was by calling her names. Pathetic really. c. North American slang. Stupid, silly; foolish; pathetic (sometimes considered offensive). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective] sloweOE stuntc960 dullOE hardOE stuntlyc1000 sotc1050 dillc1175 dulta1225 simplea1325 heavy1340 astonedc1374 sheepishc1380 dull-witteda1387 lourd1390 steerishc1411 ass-likea1425 brainless?a1439 deafc1440 sluggishc1450 short-witted1477 obtuse1509 peakish1519 wearish1519 deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520 doileda1522 gross1526 headlessa1530 stulty1532 ass-headed1533 pot-headed1533 stupid?1541 sheep's head1542 doltish1543 dumpish1545 assish1548 blockish1548 slow-witted1548 blockheaded1549 surd1551 dull-headed1552 hammer-headed1552 skit-brained?1553 buzzardly1561 witless1562 log-headeda1566 assy1566 sottish1566 dastardly1567 stupidious1567 beetle-headed1570 calvish1570 bluntish1578 cod's-headed1578 grout-headed1578 bedaft1579 dull-pated1580 blate1581 buzzard-like1581 long-eared1582 dullard1583 woodena1586 duncical1588 leaden-headed1589 buzzard1592 dorbellical1592 dunstical1592 heavy-headeda1593 shallow-brained1592 blunt-witted1594 mossy1597 Bœotian1598 clay-brained1598 fat1598 fat-witted1598 knotty-pated1598 stupidous1598 wit-lost1599 barren1600 duncifiedc1600 lourdish1600 stockish1600 thick1600 booby1603 leaden-pated1603 partless1603 thin-headed1603 leaden-skulledc1604 blockhead1606 frost-brained1606 ram-headed1608 beef-witted1609 insulse1609 leaden-spirited1609 asininec1610 clumse1611 blockheadly1612 wattle-headed1613 flata1616 logger-headeda1616 puppy-headeda1616 shallow-patedc1616 thick-brained1619 half-headed1621 buzzard-blinda1625 beef-brained1628 toom-headed1629 thick-witted1634 woollen-witted1635 squirrel-headed1637 clod-pated1639 lean-souled1639 muddy-headed1642 leaden-witteda1645 as sad as any mallet1645 under-headed1646 fat-headed1647 half-witted1647 insipid1651 insulsate1652 soft-headed1653 thick-skulleda1657 muddish1658 non-intelligent1659 whey-brained1660 sap-headed1665 timber-headed1666 leather-headeda1668 out of (one's) tree1669 boobily1673 thoughtless1673 lourdly1674 logger1675 unintelligenta1676 Bœotic1678 chicken-brained1678 under-witted1683 loggerhead1684 dunderheaded1692 unintelligible1694 buffle-headed1697 crassicc1700 numbskulled1707 crassous1708 doddy-polled1708 haggis-headed1715 niddy-noddy1722 muzzy1723 pudding-headed1726 sumphish1728 pitcher-souleda1739 duncey1743 hebete1743 chuckheaded1756 dumb1756 duncely1757 imbecile1766 mutton-headed1768 chuckle-headed1770 jobbernowl1770 dowfarta1774 boobyish1778 wittol1780 staumrel1787 opaquec1789 stoopid1791 mud-headed1793 borné1795 muzzy-headed1798 nog-headed1800 thick-headed1801 gypit1804 duncish1805 lightweight1809 numbskull1814 tup-headed1816 chuckle-pate1820 unintellectuala1821 dense1822 ninnyish1822 dunch1825 fozy1825 potato-headed1826 beef-headed1828 donkeyish1831 blockheadish1833 pinheaded1837 squirrel-minded1837 pumpkin-headed1838 tomfoolish1838 dundering1840 chicken-headed1842 like a bump on a log1842 ninny-minded1849 numbheadeda1852 nincompoopish1852 suet-brained1852 dolly1853 mullet-headed1853 sodden1853 fiddle-headed1854 numb1854 bovine1855 logy1859 crass1861 unsmart1861 off his chump1864 wooden-headed1865 stupe1866 lean-minded1867 duffing1869 cretinous1871 doddering1871 thick-head1873 doddling1874 stupido1879 boneheaded1883 woolly-headed1883 leaden-natured1889 suet-headed1890 sam-sodden1891 dopey1896 turnip-headed1898 bonehead1903 wool-witted1905 peanut-headed1906 peanut-brained1907 dilly1909 torpid-minded1909 retardate1912 nitwitted1917 meat-headed1918 mug1922 cloth-headed1925 loopy1925 nitwit1928 lame-brained1929 dead from the neck up1930 simpy1932 nail-headed1936 square-headed1936 dingbats1937 pinhead1939 dim-witted1940 pea-brained1942 clueless1943 lobotomized1943 retarded1949 pointy-headed1950 clottish1952 like a stunned mullet1953 silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954 out to lunch1955 pin-brained1958 dozy1959 eejity1964 out of one's tiny mind1965 doofus1967 twitty1967 twittish1969 twatty1975 twattish1976 blur1977 dof1979 goofus1981 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 numpty1992 cockish1996 1949 M. Dickens Flowers on Grass ix. 242 ‘They say I’m retarded,’ Pamela told him..‘because I still like playing games.’ 1954 F. Rooney Courts of Memory vi. 79 God, you're simple, Dick... You've got an I.Q. about equal to a squirrel's. You're retarded, do you hear me? 1966 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 30 Apr. 8/3 ‘That's retarded’, is something that I have heard repeated time after time. 1971 R. Woodley Dealer iii. 30 The cost of living is so fuckin' high it's retarded, man. 1993 Boston Globe (Nexis) 7 Jan. 60 Why are you being so retarded? Why are you doing this? 2005 N.Y. Mag. 18 July 21/2 In retrospect, it was a totally retarded idea. 3. Physics. Designating a potential or other parameter of an electromagnetic field in which an allowance is made for the finite propagation speed of the radiation, the potential due to a distant source being expressed in terms of the state of the source at some time in the past. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [adjective] > expressed in terms of source retarded1902 1902 Sci. Abstr.: Physics & Electr. Engin. 5 577 The vector potentials, U V W, are calculated as retarded potentials. 1929 M. Mason & W. Weaver Electromagn. Field iv. 283 {ρ}, the so-called ‘retarded value’ of ρ, is given by {ρ} = ρ(x, y, z, t − r/c). 1941 C. A. Coulson Waves viii. 141 We call t − r/c the retarded time. 1975 D. M. Cook Theory Electromagn. Field xiv. 402 The potential at time t is determined by the state of the charge at the so-called retarded time t′. 2003 P. Cornille Adv. Electromagnetism & Vacuum Physics xi. 508 The solution is expressed in the form of a retarded potential. B. n. Psychology. With plural agreement. With the. People less advanced developmentally than others in a particular respect, esp. those diagnosed with learning difficulties or an intellectual disability, as a class.See note at sense A. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > person congeonc1285 idiota1400 foola1425 natural foolc1450 natural idiot1497 natural1533 changeling1577 weakling1577 mooncalf1586 slimslack1600 aufe1621 oaf1638 weak-wit1656 underwit1682 imbecile1830 ament1871 unfortunate1881 balmy1903 subnormal1905 deficient1906 retard1909 retardate1912 retarded1912 mopoke1946 retardee1956 mong1980 1912 Pennsylvania School. Jrnl. 60 296/1 We have heard much of the retarded, but have scarcely come to realize that there is a corresponding class of the especially gifted. 1956 H. Michal-Smith Mentally Retarded Patient p. vii The mentally retarded of all ages are subject to illness as are other people. 1973 F. F. de la Cruz & G. D. LaVeck (title) Human sexuality and the mentally retarded. 2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Nov. 61/1 There are humans—infants, the severely retarded, the demented—whose mental functions cannot match that of a chimpanzee. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1636
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