retaliatev.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈtalɪeɪt/, U.S.

/rəˈtæliˌeɪt/,

/riˈtæliˌeɪt/

Forms: 1600s retaliat, 1600s–1700s retalliate, 1600s– retaliate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin retāliāt-, retāliāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin retāliāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of retāliāre to make amends for (a wrong done) by an equivalent punishment (2nd cent. a.d. in Aulus Gellius; sparingly attested in post-classical Latin), apparently < re- re- prefix + tali- (in tāliōn- , tāliō talio n.). Compare earlier retaliation n. and discussion at that entry.

a. transitive. To return or repay in kind (an injury, insult, etc.); to avenge. Now rare and Indian English.In early use with with the action taken in revenge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > repay (an injury)

pay?c1450

rewardc1475

quitc1515

requite1529

requit1532

quittance1590

retaliate1606

1606 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Nouember sig. E Retaliating their purpose with the effect of their owne proiect, as if he would not suffer them to bee taken, till they were fired out of the house, who woulde haue fired vs within a house.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 294 Not that I shalbe mine owne officer, And hate with hate againe retaliate.

1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 38 Thus you have forced me to retaliat your provocation.

1760 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 114/1 The Dutch Commodore..resolved to retaliate the supposed injury he had received.

1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. II. xv. 136 To retaliate this, the Spaniards undertook the siege of Gibraltar.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 200 The native officers..imagined they had now authority for retaliating some of the indignities.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. xii. 686 They used their abilities to retaliate the injury.

1904 F. Morgan et al. Connecticut as Colony & as State I. ii. 47 These were members of the..Algonkian family; which..bore and retaliated the first brunt of white aggression.

2007 Hindustan Times 28 May 9/3 Lance Naik Bhanu Bkakta of the 2/8 Gorkha Rifles received serious bullet injuries while retaliating fire.

b. transitive. With upon (also on) a person. Also: to inflict or cast back (a hostile action, statement, etc.) upon the person making it. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > repay (an injury) > upon a person

retaliatea1634

a1634 R. Chapman Hallelu-jah (1635) (Psalms cxvii. 2) 142 Vnder paine of excommunication from God retaliating vpon vs the same measure we offer to others.

1676 I. Mather Hist. King Philip's War (1862) 185 Thus did the Lord..retaliate upon him the innocent blood which he had shed.

1690 J. Child Disc. Trade iv. 102 May not other Princes account it hard and unreasonable, and consequently Retaliate the like upon us?

1707 P. Simon Against Judging & Censuring 16 If we judge others, we must expect to thave it retaliated upon our selves.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 143 He retaliated on the Avars..the same calamities which they had inflicted on the nations.

1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 157 An opportunity..for retaliating the charge of outrageous ambition upon William himself.

1865 J. G. Miall Yorks. Illustr. Eng. Hist. vi. 97 The sons of Ragnar..failed not to retaliate the injury upon all the English that fell into their hands.

1901 W. Dickson Japan vi. 180 It was in the part of the empire in which most intolerance had been shown..that the plan was retaliated upon themselves.

c. intransitive. To take revenge for an injury, insult, etc.; to attack in return.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > take or execute revenge [verb (intransitive)] > retaliate

reharm1592

retaliate1640

to strike back1959

1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xv. 140 Anger would onely Punish and Retaliate, but Hatred would Destroy.

1669 A. Marvell Let. 15 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 264 If our Act ly heavy upon them 'tis but reason that they may retaliat.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 53 Men..retaliate,..under the notion of having received Harm.

1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. II. xxvii. 230 To retaliate for the affront he pretended to have received.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xiv. 230 The Æginetans retaliated by the capture of their sacred vessel.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xv. 70 He was now more anxious to explain his own conduct than to retaliate upon his adversaries.

1929 M. Callaghan Now that April's Here in This Quarter Oct.–Dec. 277 The father had slapped Johnny, who retaliated by poking him in the jaw.

1976 Economist 14 Aug. 47/1 The Sudanese leader retaliated savagely against the Ansar sect and its religious leader.

2008 New Yorker 30 June 10/2 A rap opera..about a gay couple who retaliate when one of them is brutally beaten.

†2.

a. transitive. To repay or reward (a kindness, service, etc.); to requite. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > thank [verb (transitive)] > make grateful return for

yield971

apay1484

thanka1500

repay1587

retaliate1611

retally1639

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. x. i. 889/1 Neither lesse was his Maiesties desire to retaliate the Citizens and other his Subiects true affections.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 137 Our Ambassador sent word..to the Dukes son, his visit should be retaliated.

1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 27 They love to retaliate Kindnesses, and hate any should think they are of a churlish nature.

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina Ded. sig. A2 I cannot, in the least, pretend to retaliate Your Lordships Favours to me.

1770 C. Vyse Tutor's Guide i. i. lvii. 217 How long ought the Person obliged to let his Friend use 40l. fully to retaliate the Favour?

1824 T. Stackhouse Epitome Hist., Laws, & Relig. Greece 156 They shall be prosecuted for ingratitude, who do not retaliate kindnesses.

1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. 199 The Spaniards retaliated the benevolence of Archdale.

b. intransitive. To repay a kindness or service; to reciprocate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > give thanks [verb (intransitive)] > requite kindness

retaliatea1649

a1649 G. Abbott Brief Notes Psalms (1651) (lxxi. 6) 291 No part of my life but hath liberally tasted of thy praise-worthy mercies and benefits, which I hope..gratefully to remember, and praisefully retaliate to my death.

1675 H. Teonge Diary 1 Aug. (1825) 46 Our Capt. would not salute the cytty, except they would retaliate.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 106 This your Kindness obliges me to retaliate, with as much Piety as becomes a Christian.

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 2 Well-placed liberality..may load the person obliged, with the sense of the duty he lies under to retaliate; this is gratitude.

1782 L. MacNally Retaliation Prol. sig. B1 And since to please you fills his ev'ry Feature, Then pray retaliate with your best Good-Nature.

3. transitive. To repay (a person) for an injury or (formerly) †a kindness. rare after 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > treat one as he has been treated [verb (transitive)] > requite or pay back (a person)

foryield971

to quit or yield (one) his whilec1175

acquitc1300

quitc1330

restore?a1400

refound1438

requite1530

regrate?c1550

repay1557

redub1558

quittance1590

to meet witha1593

to pay (a person) (off) scot and lot1598

meeta1625

retaliate1629

reimburse1644

compensate1804

to even up on1879

1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis Ep. Ded. sig. B Shall we thus retaliate the very Pillars of our Church, and Patrons of our Faith, euen all our learned Writers?

1642 R. Harris Serm. preached to House of Commons 27 Yea, hee will..retaliate our Adversaries and justify our Cause.

1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 87 Consider with your selves how you have retaliated me!

1730 T. Chalkley in Coll. Wks. (1749) ii. 558 How shall we ever be able to pay or retaliate him for all his Care?

1757 in N. Boulton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1872) VI. 573 Such as you in your wisdom apprehend is sufficient & Honourable to retaliate them for their past important services.

2005 M. Iocco & A. Hickey-Moody in R. Coyle Reel Tracks ii. vii. 129 Bubby quickly learns to retaliate his aggressors by talking back.

4. transitive. To give in return or response. Chiefly with for that which is received, often as an exact equivalent, as to retaliate evil for evil, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > answer [verb (transitive)] > sharply

returna1500

reply1526

snap1550

pat1575

retort1597

regyre1606

regest1614

retaliate1632

snap1647

repartee1677

riposte1823

to shoot back1974

1632 W. Mountfort Launching of Mary (1933) ii. i. 32 Farre be yt from me, to retaliate sterrilitie, for grayne & fruite receaude.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 73 This wretch so blazed himselfe, and in requitall..had no other language retaliated him, saue teares, sighes,..and strange feares.

1761 Scots Mag. Jan. 21/1 Poor Banner had not the least suspicion that Gustavus would thus retaliate evil for good.

1783 R. Potter tr. Euripides Tragedies II. 473 And should th'avenging son the mother slay, His son again retaliate blood for blood, What bound shall the progressive mischief know?

1805 S. J. Pratt Love's Trials ii. ix. 289 The spirit of recrimination is so strong in me, that..I die till I have retaliated fifty sighs for one.

1838 tr. J. C. A. Heinroth On Educ. & Self-formation xvi. 238 We are far from possessing the right of..retaliating evil for evil.

1864 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 7) 312 When these, in blind revenge of blood Causelessly shed, retaliate death for death.

1916 P. J. Stackhouse Social Ideals of Lord's Prayer vii. 83 If a man loves, he will not retaliate injury for injury.

1998 C. Glaser Coming out as Sacrament vi. 109 These passages..imply not that we must cooperate with evil, but rather that we do not retaliate evil for evil.

Derivatives

reˈtaliated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [adjective]

retaliated1609

retorted1621

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 249 The Pope reioyced in it, as a retaliated reuenge vpon the Kings person.

1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) I. 208 She treated his passion with retaliated contempt.

1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iii. 107 In the act of inflicting such retaliated suffering, a vent is opened for the passions struggling within.

1986 N. Fotion & G. Elfstrom Mil. Ethics iii. vii. 156 There is..a response beyond..escalated retaliation:..turning the retaliated act into regular military policy.

reˈtaliating adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > [adjective] > requiting kindness

retaliating1623

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] > relating to retaliation > retaliating

retaliating1862

1623 G. Fletcher Reward of Faithfull Ep. Ded. I am glad your Estates will be alwayes beyond any retaliating kindnesses of mine.

1777 R. De Courcy Rejoinder vi. 217 Were I disposed to observe the lex talionis, how easily might I accost this ransacker of the dunciad with a retaliating quotation.

1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 271 The ‘Liber Studiorum’ was begun by Turner in retaliating rivalry of Claude's ‘Liber Veritatis’.

1921 T. E. G. Gregory Tariffs 248 The possibility of the retaliating country compensating for any loss of imports by drawing these from an alternative source.

1991 Sports Illustr. 3 June 54/1 The world has changed, and the yahoo fan and the retaliating athlete may just be a reflection of an angrier era.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retaliate
释义	retaliatev.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈtalɪeɪt/, U.S. /rəˈtæliˌeɪt/, /riˈtæliˌeɪt/ Forms: 1600s retaliat, 1600s–1700s retalliate, 1600s– retaliate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin retāliāt-, retāliāre. Etymology: < classical Latin retāliāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of retāliāre to make amends for (a wrong done) by an equivalent punishment (2nd cent. a.d. in Aulus Gellius; sparingly attested in post-classical Latin), apparently < re- re- prefix + tali- (in tāliōn- , tāliō talio n.). Compare earlier retaliation n. and discussion at that entry. 1. a. transitive. To return or repay in kind (an injury, insult, etc.); to avenge. Now rare and Indian English.In early use with with the action taken in revenge. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > repay (an injury) pay?c1450 rewardc1475 quitc1515 requite1529 requit1532 quittance1590 retaliate1606 1606 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Nouember sig. E Retaliating their purpose with the effect of their owne proiect, as if he would not suffer them to bee taken, till they were fired out of the house, who woulde haue fired vs within a house. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 294 Not that I shalbe mine owne officer, And hate with hate againe retaliate. 1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 38 Thus you have forced me to retaliat your provocation. 1760 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 114/1 The Dutch Commodore..resolved to retaliate the supposed injury he had received. 1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. II. xv. 136 To retaliate this, the Spaniards undertook the siege of Gibraltar. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 200 The native officers..imagined they had now authority for retaliating some of the indignities. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. xii. 686 They used their abilities to retaliate the injury. 1904 F. Morgan et al. Connecticut as Colony & as State I. ii. 47 These were members of the..Algonkian family; which..bore and retaliated the first brunt of white aggression. 2007 Hindustan Times 28 May 9/3 Lance Naik Bhanu Bkakta of the 2/8 Gorkha Rifles received serious bullet injuries while retaliating fire. b. transitive. With upon (also on) a person. Also: to inflict or cast back (a hostile action, statement, etc.) upon the person making it. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > repay (an injury) > upon a person retaliatea1634 a1634 R. Chapman Hallelu-jah (1635) (Psalms cxvii. 2) 142 Vnder paine of excommunication from God retaliating vpon vs the same measure we offer to others. 1676 I. Mather Hist. King Philip's War (1862) 185 Thus did the Lord..retaliate upon him the innocent blood which he had shed. 1690 J. Child Disc. Trade iv. 102 May not other Princes account it hard and unreasonable, and consequently Retaliate the like upon us? 1707 P. Simon Against Judging & Censuring 16 If we judge others, we must expect to thave it retaliated upon our selves. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 143 He retaliated on the Avars..the same calamities which they had inflicted on the nations. 1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 157 An opportunity..for retaliating the charge of outrageous ambition upon William himself. 1865 J. G. Miall Yorks. Illustr. Eng. Hist. vi. 97 The sons of Ragnar..failed not to retaliate the injury upon all the English that fell into their hands. 1901 W. Dickson Japan vi. 180 It was in the part of the empire in which most intolerance had been shown..that the plan was retaliated upon themselves. c. intransitive. To take revenge for an injury, insult, etc.; to attack in return. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > take or execute revenge [verb (intransitive)] > retaliate reharm1592 retaliate1640 to strike back1959 1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xv. 140 Anger would onely Punish and Retaliate, but Hatred would Destroy. 1669 A. Marvell Let. 15 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 264 If our Act ly heavy upon them 'tis but reason that they may retaliat. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 53 Men..retaliate,..under the notion of having received Harm. 1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. II. xxvii. 230 To retaliate for the affront he pretended to have received. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xiv. 230 The Æginetans retaliated by the capture of their sacred vessel. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xv. 70 He was now more anxious to explain his own conduct than to retaliate upon his adversaries. 1929 M. Callaghan Now that April's Here in This Quarter Oct.–Dec. 277 The father had slapped Johnny, who retaliated by poking him in the jaw. 1976 Economist 14 Aug. 47/1 The Sudanese leader retaliated savagely against the Ansar sect and its religious leader. 2008 New Yorker 30 June 10/2 A rap opera..about a gay couple who retaliate when one of them is brutally beaten. †2. a. transitive. To repay or reward (a kindness, service, etc.); to requite. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > thank [verb (transitive)] > make grateful return for yield971 apay1484 thanka1500 repay1587 retaliate1611 retally1639 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. x. i. 889/1 Neither lesse was his Maiesties desire to retaliate the Citizens and other his Subiects true affections. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 137 Our Ambassador sent word..to the Dukes son, his visit should be retaliated. 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 27 They love to retaliate Kindnesses, and hate any should think they are of a churlish nature. 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina Ded. sig. A2 I cannot, in the least, pretend to retaliate Your Lordships Favours to me. 1770 C. Vyse Tutor's Guide i. i. lvii. 217 How long ought the Person obliged to let his Friend use 40l. fully to retaliate the Favour? 1824 T. Stackhouse Epitome Hist., Laws, & Relig. Greece 156 They shall be prosecuted for ingratitude, who do not retaliate kindnesses. 1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. 199 The Spaniards retaliated the benevolence of Archdale. b. intransitive. To repay a kindness or service; to reciprocate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > give thanks [verb (intransitive)] > requite kindness retaliatea1649 a1649 G. Abbott Brief Notes Psalms (1651) (lxxi. 6) 291 No part of my life but hath liberally tasted of thy praise-worthy mercies and benefits, which I hope..gratefully to remember, and praisefully retaliate to my death. 1675 H. Teonge Diary 1 Aug. (1825) 46 Our Capt. would not salute the cytty, except they would retaliate. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 106 This your Kindness obliges me to retaliate, with as much Piety as becomes a Christian. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 2 Well-placed liberality..may load the person obliged, with the sense of the duty he lies under to retaliate; this is gratitude. 1782 L. MacNally Retaliation Prol. sig. B1 And since to please you fills his ev'ry Feature, Then pray retaliate with your best Good-Nature. 3. transitive. To repay (a person) for an injury or (formerly) †a kindness. rare after 18th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > treat one as he has been treated [verb (transitive)] > requite or pay back (a person) foryield971 to quit or yield (one) his whilec1175 acquitc1300 quitc1330 restore?a1400 refound1438 requite1530 regrate?c1550 repay1557 redub1558 quittance1590 to meet witha1593 to pay (a person) (off) scot and lot1598 meeta1625 retaliate1629 reimburse1644 compensate1804 to even up on1879 1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis Ep. Ded. sig. B Shall we thus retaliate the very Pillars of our Church, and Patrons of our Faith, euen all our learned Writers? 1642 R. Harris Serm. preached to House of Commons 27 Yea, hee will..retaliate our Adversaries and justify our Cause. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 87 Consider with your selves how you have retaliated me! 1730 T. Chalkley in Coll. Wks. (1749) ii. 558 How shall we ever be able to pay or retaliate him for all his Care? 1757 in N. Boulton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1872) VI. 573 Such as you in your wisdom apprehend is sufficient & Honourable to retaliate them for their past important services. 2005 M. Iocco & A. Hickey-Moody in R. Coyle Reel Tracks ii. vii. 129 Bubby quickly learns to retaliate his aggressors by talking back. 4. transitive. To give in return or response. Chiefly with for that which is received, often as an exact equivalent, as to retaliate evil for evil, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > answer [verb (transitive)] > sharply returna1500 reply1526 snap1550 pat1575 retort1597 regyre1606 regest1614 retaliate1632 snap1647 repartee1677 riposte1823 to shoot back1974 1632 W. Mountfort Launching of Mary (1933) ii. i. 32 Farre be yt from me, to retaliate sterrilitie, for grayne & fruite receaude. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 73 This wretch so blazed himselfe, and in requitall..had no other language retaliated him, saue teares, sighes,..and strange feares. 1761 Scots Mag. Jan. 21/1 Poor Banner had not the least suspicion that Gustavus would thus retaliate evil for good. 1783 R. Potter tr. Euripides Tragedies II. 473 And should th'avenging son the mother slay, His son again retaliate blood for blood, What bound shall the progressive mischief know? 1805 S. J. Pratt Love's Trials ii. ix. 289 The spirit of recrimination is so strong in me, that..I die till I have retaliated fifty sighs for one. 1838 tr. J. C. A. Heinroth On Educ. & Self-formation xvi. 238 We are far from possessing the right of..retaliating evil for evil. 1864 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 7) 312 When these, in blind revenge of blood Causelessly shed, retaliate death for death. 1916 P. J. Stackhouse Social Ideals of Lord's Prayer vii. 83 If a man loves, he will not retaliate injury for injury. 1998 C. Glaser Coming out as Sacrament vi. 109 These passages..imply not that we must cooperate with evil, but rather that we do not retaliate evil for evil. Derivatives reˈtaliated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [adjective] retaliated1609 retorted1621 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 249 The Pope reioyced in it, as a retaliated reuenge vpon the Kings person. 1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) I. 208 She treated his passion with retaliated contempt. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iii. 107 In the act of inflicting such retaliated suffering, a vent is opened for the passions struggling within. 1986 N. Fotion & G. Elfstrom Mil. Ethics iii. vii. 156 There is..a response beyond..escalated retaliation:..turning the retaliated act into regular military policy. reˈtaliating adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > [adjective] > requiting kindness retaliating1623 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] > relating to retaliation > retaliating retaliating1862 1623 G. Fletcher Reward of Faithfull Ep. Ded. I am glad your Estates will be alwayes beyond any retaliating kindnesses of mine. 1777 R. De Courcy Rejoinder vi. 217 Were I disposed to observe the lex talionis, how easily might I accost this ransacker of the dunciad with a retaliating quotation. 1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 271 The ‘Liber Studiorum’ was begun by Turner in retaliating rivalry of Claude's ‘Liber Veritatis’. 1921 T. E. G. Gregory Tariffs 248 The possibility of the retaliating country compensating for any loss of imports by drawing these from an alternative source. 1991 Sports Illustr. 3 June 54/1 The world has changed, and the yahoo fan and the retaliating athlete may just be a reflection of an angrier era. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † retaliatev.² Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: retail v. Etymology: Apparently an etymologically motivated alteration of retail v. (compare post-classical Latin retallare and forms from other Romance languages cited at retail v.); perhaps partly also resulting from association with retaliate v.¹ (compare discussion at retaliation n.). Obsolete. rare. transitive. To parcel out. Cf. retail v. 2.In quot. 1640 in figurative context. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > sell in specific manner retail1365 tap1478 retaliate1640 outsella1687 wholesale1792 to sell short1852 hustle1887 brand1909 oversell1928 package1946 soft-sell1958 test-market1958 mass-market1959 sales-drive1962 bundle1969 cross-sell1972 up-market1972 onsell1979 1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 180 Lavishing by whole sale, all honour on one, and scarce Retaliating out any respect to the other. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.¹1606v.²1640
随便看	oral surgery oral-formulaic oral-genital oral-nasal orale oraler oralest oralformulaic oralgenital oralism oralisms oralist oralists oralities orality oraller orallest orallier oralliest orally oralnasal orals orama oranda orang

retaliatev.1

Derivatives

† retaliatev.2

retaliatev.¹

† retaliatev.²