retaindern.

Brit.

/rᵻˈteɪndə/, U.S.

/rəˈteɪndər/,

/riˈteɪndər/

Forms:

α. late Middle English reteigndre (in a late copy), late Middle English–1500s reteindre, late Middle English–1500s reteyndre, 1500s retaynder, 1500s reteynder, 1600s– retainder.

β. late Middle English reteigndour (in a late copy), late Middle English–1500s reteyndour.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: retainer n.¹

Etymology: Either a variant or an alteration of retainer n.¹, probably after remainder n. Compare also attainder n. Compare Anglo-Norman reteindre , variant of retenir retain v.With β. forms compare discussion at retainer n.¹

Now historical.

1. Law. The action or fact of retaining money, goods, or property for oneself; an instance of this. Also: the right or an authorization to do this. Cf. retainer n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > [noun]

holding?c1225

keepingc1400

retainment1449

retainer1453

retain1455

retainingc1460

retainder1467

retinue1489

retentivea1500

retention1540

reservation1607

retainal1754

reserval1829

1467–8 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. June 1467 §12. m. 28 Any shippyng withoute custume and subsidie paiyng, reteindre and perceyvyng of custumes and subsidies.

1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §12. m. 9 That neither this acte..neither any other acte..extend..unto..Richard Whetehill..of or in any graunte or grauntes..ratifications, confirmations or reteyndres of any dette or duetie.

1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §3. m. 3 Endentures to be made of all suche reteynders, receyvynges and perceyvynges.

1764 Attorney's Compl. Pocket-bk. (ed. 5) II. 166 The defendant said that the plaintiff was indebted to him, and that he commanded him to retain it, a good bar,..for such retainder is satisfaction in law.

1811 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (new ed.) 463 Remitter is classed (with Retainder), by Blackstone, among those remedies for private wrongs, which are effected by the mere operation of Law.

1884 R. Welford Hist. Newcastle & Gateshead I. 393 Further license of retainder is granted to them for three years, of 3s. 4d. of the customs upon every of the said sacks.

1942 Mod. Law Rev. 6 53 Since he has no action for compensation, he has no right of retainder out of the money that he is compelled to repay.

2004 D. J. Guth in R. Tittler & N. Jones Compan. Tudor Brit. v. 88 Most prosecuting informants alleged import-export smuggling or penal statute violations, such as retainder or usury.

a. A token or badge given to a follower by a sovereign or noble as a sign of his retainership. Now rare (historical after 16th cent.).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > cognizance

signc1300

quaintisec1330

cognizancea1375

cognizantc1394

retainder1472

recognizance1477

cognoscencea1525

conusance1561

cullisance1600

1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §10. m. 34 All..unlawefull lyverees and reteyndres..shall utterly be left.

a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 394 From hensforth I schall eschewe and forbere to geve, take or resceyve any lyueree, reteigndour or cognesaunce, otherwyse then may accorde with the lawe.

1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII c. 20 Unlawfull mayntenaunces, gyvyng of lyvereys, signes, tokens, and retaynders.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxxi. 244 Giving of Liveries, and Retainders, a sore evill in the eyes of a jealous King.

1955 P. M. Kendall Richard III 309 Richard repeatedly exhorted municipal officers to see that no citizens accepted liveries or retainders.

b. Engagement of a person as a servant or follower; an instance of this. Also: maintenance by a sovereign or noble of a company of followers or dependants, who give (esp. military) service in return for money, patronage, or protection. Cf. retainer n.¹ 2, retainer n.² 1a.The system of retainder, or maintenance of a company of followers, grew out of feudalism in the late Middle Ages. Various statutes of Edward IV and Henry VII (see quots. 1495, 1952) attempted to curb the practice, but it persisted until the late 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > recruitment or hiring

hiringc1400

retainer1467

retainder1495

recruitment1793

employing1829

feeing1865

rehire1945

1495 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1495 §43. m. 26 Many gode statutis and ordinanaunces be made for þe Punysshment of riottis, unlawefull assemblees, reteyndours and gevyng and receyvyng of lyverees, signees and tokyns unlaufully.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cciii^v Temporall Lordes in those dayes kept other maner of housholdes and other maner of Reteyndour of Housholde seruauntes.

1545 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) V. 408 Charging all the saide tenauntes..in no wise to agre to anye suche reteynder with anye other mane.

1659 H. Applegarth tr. W. Glisson & A. Gulston Surv. Law 168 One retayned in England to do service beyond the sea shall have debt in England where the retainder was.

1735 E. Gibson Syst. Eng. Eccl. Law (ed. 3) xxxvii. 326 The Retainder is good after Marriage.

1783 Farmer's Night-cap 16 If a nobleman or noblewoman retains a chaplain, and dies, the chaplain cannot take two benefices within this act, yet the retainder was lawful.

1822 G. Brodie Hist. Brit. Empire I. i. 124 To strengthen her adherents with military power, Mary granted licences of retainder to them against the laws.

1856 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 273 These were the most remarkable contributions of Johnson during the first year of his retainder in our service.

1952 J. D. Mackie Earlier Tudors vii. 197 The retainder of the king's servants was condemned by an act of 1487; retainder generally by an act of 1504.

1996 M. H. Keen Nobles, Knights, & Men-at-arms in Middle Ages iii. 59 Retainder, like the compacts between brothers-in-arms, was normally based either on a solemn oath, or on the exchange of sealed documents (indentures).

Derivatives

† reˈtaindership n. Obsolete rare

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > position or system of

retainership1570

retaindership1651

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 245 Yet was it the pollicy of these Kings to make them all of their own Livery and Retaindership.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retainder
释义	retaindern. Brit. /rᵻˈteɪndə/, U.S. /rəˈteɪndər/, /riˈteɪndər/ Forms: α. late Middle English reteigndre (in a late copy), late Middle English–1500s reteindre, late Middle English–1500s reteyndre, 1500s retaynder, 1500s reteynder, 1600s– retainder. β. late Middle English reteigndour (in a late copy), late Middle English–1500s reteyndour. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: retainer n.¹ Etymology: Either a variant or an alteration of retainer n.¹, probably after remainder n. Compare also attainder n. Compare Anglo-Norman reteindre , variant of retenir retain v.With β. forms compare discussion at retainer n.¹ Now historical. 1. Law. The action or fact of retaining money, goods, or property for oneself; an instance of this. Also: the right or an authorization to do this. Cf. retainer n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > [noun] holding?c1225 keepingc1400 retainment1449 retainer1453 retain1455 retainingc1460 retainder1467 retinue1489 retentivea1500 retention1540 reservation1607 retainal1754 reserval1829 1467–8 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. June 1467 §12. m. 28 Any shippyng withoute custume and subsidie paiyng, reteindre and perceyvyng of custumes and subsidies. 1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §12. m. 9 That neither this acte..neither any other acte..extend..unto..Richard Whetehill..of or in any graunte or grauntes..ratifications, confirmations or reteyndres of any dette or duetie. 1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §3. m. 3 Endentures to be made of all suche reteynders, receyvynges and perceyvynges. 1764 Attorney's Compl. Pocket-bk. (ed. 5) II. 166 The defendant said that the plaintiff was indebted to him, and that he commanded him to retain it, a good bar,..for such retainder is satisfaction in law. 1811 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (new ed.) 463 Remitter is classed (with Retainder), by Blackstone, among those remedies for private wrongs, which are effected by the mere operation of Law. 1884 R. Welford Hist. Newcastle & Gateshead I. 393 Further license of retainder is granted to them for three years, of 3s. 4d. of the customs upon every of the said sacks. 1942 Mod. Law Rev. 6 53 Since he has no action for compensation, he has no right of retainder out of the money that he is compelled to repay. 2004 D. J. Guth in R. Tittler & N. Jones Compan. Tudor Brit. v. 88 Most prosecuting informants alleged import-export smuggling or penal statute violations, such as retainder or usury. 2. a. A token or badge given to a follower by a sovereign or noble as a sign of his retainership. Now rare (historical after 16th cent.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > cognizance signc1300 quaintisec1330 cognizancea1375 cognizantc1394 retainder1472 recognizance1477 cognoscencea1525 conusance1561 cullisance1600 1472–3 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 1st Roll §10. m. 34 All..unlawefull lyverees and reteyndres..shall utterly be left. a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 394 From hensforth I schall eschewe and forbere to geve, take or resceyve any lyueree, reteigndour or cognesaunce, otherwyse then may accorde with the lawe. 1529 Act 21 Hen. VIII c. 20 Unlawfull mayntenaunces, gyvyng of lyvereys, signes, tokens, and retaynders. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxxi. 244 Giving of Liveries, and Retainders, a sore evill in the eyes of a jealous King. 1955 P. M. Kendall Richard III 309 Richard repeatedly exhorted municipal officers to see that no citizens accepted liveries or retainders. b. Engagement of a person as a servant or follower; an instance of this. Also: maintenance by a sovereign or noble of a company of followers or dependants, who give (esp. military) service in return for money, patronage, or protection. Cf. retainer n.¹ 2, retainer n.² 1a.The system of retainder, or maintenance of a company of followers, grew out of feudalism in the late Middle Ages. Various statutes of Edward IV and Henry VII (see quots. 1495, 1952) attempted to curb the practice, but it persisted until the late 16th cent. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > recruitment or hiring hiringc1400 retainer1467 retainder1495 recruitment1793 employing1829 feeing1865 rehire1945 1495 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1495 §43. m. 26 Many gode statutis and ordinanaunces be made for þe Punysshment of riottis, unlawefull assemblees, reteyndours and gevyng and receyvyng of lyverees, signees and tokyns unlaufully. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cciii^v Temporall Lordes in those dayes kept other maner of housholdes and other maner of Reteyndour of Housholde seruauntes. 1545 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) V. 408 Charging all the saide tenauntes..in no wise to agre to anye suche reteynder with anye other mane. 1659 H. Applegarth tr. W. Glisson & A. Gulston Surv. Law 168 One retayned in England to do service beyond the sea shall have debt in England where the retainder was. 1735 E. Gibson Syst. Eng. Eccl. Law (ed. 3) xxxvii. 326 The Retainder is good after Marriage. 1783 Farmer's Night-cap 16 If a nobleman or noblewoman retains a chaplain, and dies, the chaplain cannot take two benefices within this act, yet the retainder was lawful. 1822 G. Brodie Hist. Brit. Empire I. i. 124 To strengthen her adherents with military power, Mary granted licences of retainder to them against the laws. 1856 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 273 These were the most remarkable contributions of Johnson during the first year of his retainder in our service. 1952 J. D. Mackie Earlier Tudors vii. 197 The retainder of the king's servants was condemned by an act of 1487; retainder generally by an act of 1504. 1996 M. H. Keen Nobles, Knights, & Men-at-arms in Middle Ages iii. 59 Retainder, like the compacts between brothers-in-arms, was normally based either on a solemn oath, or on the exchange of sealed documents (indentures). Derivatives † reˈtaindership n. Obsolete rare ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > position or system of retainership1570 retaindership1651 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 245 Yet was it the pollicy of these Kings to make them all of their own Livery and Retaindership. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1467
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