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单词 resty
释义

restyadj.1

Forms: Middle English–1800s resty, 1500s–1600s restie.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymons: French restet, rester.
Etymology: Apparently < Old French restet, resté left over, past participle of rester rest v.3; compare -y suffix5. Compare Anglo-Norman reste rancid, although this may also represent a monosyllabic form (see rest adj.). Compare reasty adj., rusty adj.2 Compare later rest adj.
Obsolete.
Esp. of bacon, fat, etc.: stale, rancid. Cf. reasty adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > unsavouriness > [adjective] > rank or rancid
restya1325
rest1381
rammishc1395
areast1440
reested?c1475
reesed1486
musty1492
rusty?1521
turned1548
reasty1573
froughy1579
flatten1594
reasy1598
rammy1607
rancid1627
loud1641
ranked1648
virous1661
ranciduous1688
raftya1722
virose1756
reeky1854
loud-flavoured1866
a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Arun.) (1857) 155 Chars restez [glossed] resty flees.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 14 A-reste, or resty, as flesche, rancidus.
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 2206 (MED) To goo so ferre for a litell bacon flycche And hath longe hanged and is resty and toughe..the waye..is comerous and thicke.
1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.v These ben the fumosytees, salte soure resty fatte.
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) ix. 149 Barelled butter, the whych is resty & salt.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 297 Put thereto Larde that is neither restie, nor ouersalted.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 30 This butter..is not then to be endured, it is so restie and loathsome.
1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 232 O happy beggars! my wife boyled nothing here this day, besides Coleworts and resty Bacon.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 223 The Fat of the Meat be resty, or dry'd away, so as not to be eaten.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 17 367 A man of an adust, swarthy, choleric dye, like resty bacon, or a dried scalefish.
1876 A. H. Church Food iii. 162 Cured bacon sometimes become rancid or resty through exposure to air.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

restyadj.2adv.

Brit. /ˈrɛsti/, U.S. /ˈrɛsti/
Forms:

α. late Middle English reste, 1500s restye, 1500s–1600s restie, 1500s– resty, 1600s restey, 1600s–1700s wresty, 1700s rusty.

β. 1500s reasty, 1500s–1600s reastie, 1700s reisty; English regional 1800s– reasty, 1800s– reesty (Yorkshire).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: restiff adj.
Etymology: Variant of restiff adj.; compare hasty adj., tardy adj. Compare earlier rest v.2 and later restive adj. In branch II. probably influenced in sense by rest n.1 and rest v.1; compare Middle Low German restich and also Dutch rustig (17th cent.), Middle Low German rustich, all in sense ‘quiet, inactive’.The β. forms indicate the existence of variants with a long vowel, although such forms are not found for restiff adj. or restive adj., and only very rarely for rest v.3; perhaps compare also forms at rest v.1, although the more likely connection is perhaps with rest v.2 and reest v.3 In later use these forms overlap with those of reesty adj., and it seems likely that a partial merger may have occurred, especially in sense 1a. Modern examples with spellings indicating a long vowel in meanings corresponding to sense 1a have been placed at reesty adj. rather than at this entry, but in some cases the assignment is uncertain. Compare also rusty adj.3
I. Resisting control.
1. Refusing to go forward, refractory, resisting control. Later also: restless, fidgety. Cf. restive adj. 1 and reesty adj. Now chiefly regional.
a. Of a horse or other animal. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > temperament > [adjective] > stubborn or restive
restiffc1390
restyc1465
stiff-necked1526
hard-headed?1532
restive1549
rusty1555
hard-mouthed1565
unwayed1607
haunty1657
nappy1924
c1465 Care of Horses (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 51 For a reste hors. Take a whippe corde iiiij fold and make ther-of of a shakille a-boue the coddis.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 322/2 Restye as a horse is, restif, restifue.
1581 N. Woodes Conflict of Conscience Prol. sig. Aij The good road horsse, if still at racke he stande, To resty Iade will soone transformed be.
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 66 Th' Oxe, over-fat, too strong, and restie, leaps About the Lands, casteth his yoake, and strikes.
1672 O. Walker Of Educ. i. i. 12 Beasts grow fierce and resty if not tamed and broken in youth.
1702 D. Defoe More Reformation 730 An Author who we can not understand, Is like a Resty Horse at no Command.
1731 J. Tull New Horse-houghing Husbandry 167 When that rich Land..is grown too vigorous and resty, they may soon take down its Mettle, by Sowing it a few Years in their Old Husbandry.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. vi. 83 My horse has been so confounded resty I could not tell how to get him along.
1837 Temper 186 A resty horse.
1860 A. Strickland Old Friends v. 163 He could tame the most resty horse in my lord's stables.
1920 A. Huxley Leda 40 The machine is ready to start. The symbolic beasts grow resty, curveting where they stand.
1977 J. Aiken Five-minute Marriage viii. 126 He guided his horses around the corner... The team appeared to be a trifle fresh and resty.
b. Of a person. Also as adv. (cf. to run restive at restive adj. Phrases).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > [adjective] > intractable or recalcitrant
unbuxoma1250
unbowsomec1290
sturdy13..
wildc1350
stubbornc1386
unbaina1400
stoutc1410
kimeta1450
staffish?a1513
untractable1538
intractable1545
sullen1577
restiff1578
indocile1603
resty1603
hot-mouthed1609
immorigerous1623
intractive1623
uncompliable1626
restivea1628
non-complying1649
uncompliant1659
incompliant1706
unobliging1707
recalcitrant1797
unbiddable1825
stocky1836
recalcitrary1861
calcitrant1866
non-cooperative1867
recalcitrating1870
ropeable1870
non-cooperating1895
bolshie1918
1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars iv. li. 93 Which euen growne restie by your power, with-draw Your stifned necks, as freed from ciuill awe.
a1633 Visct. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 79 The resty mindes that kick at present greatness.
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica iii. i. 377 He must be very Resty that will not allow it for probable at least.
1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 16 Some children are naturally resty and stubborn, even at three or four.
1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 18 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1262 Whatever Court he [sc. the Duke of Marlborough] went to (and he was often obliged to go himself to some resty and refractory ones), he as constantly prevailed.
1794 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 411 If Paris runs resty, the revolution is done.
a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 40 Reasty.., restive, unruly; also pettish, quarrelsome; in a bad humour.
1905 H. L. Wilson Boss Little Arcady vi. 79 Then afteh while Little Miss she git resty an' tehible fractious an' she go off t' Baltimoah t' teach.
2. Of conduct, an action, etc.: characterized by resistance to control. Cf. restive adj. 4. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > [adjective] > intractable or recalcitrant > of actions, conduct, or character
restya1586
rusty1625
restive1652
restiff1678
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 33 But now, spite of my heart my tongue will stay,..And no spurre can this restie race refraine.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §35 The ill and resty tricks, they have learn'd when young.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 343 I often have..to Sing deny'd, But not through resty Peevishness, nor Pride.
II. Involving rest or lack of activity.
3. Unoccupied, idle. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > idleness, lack of occupation or activity > [adjective]
idlec950
tooma1340
unoccupiedc1405
void1530
restyc1540
unbusied1570
idlefula1652
haking1703
unbusy1731
otiose1850
non-employed1853
c1540 tr. Pol. Ver. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 36) 84 The Romaine soldiers, beinge restie [L. a laboribus vacui], beeganne to quarrell emonge them selves.
4.
a. Disinclined to work or exert oneself; sluggish, lazy; inactive. Cf. restive adj. 2. Now regional.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective]
unlustyc1225
sleepyc1384
phlegmatica1400
listlessc1440
owlist1440
unlisty1440
phlegmyc1450
sweyntc1450
supine1554
resty1565
unactive1591
sleepy-headed1600
log-like1602
inertious1611
stupefied?1611
lethargic1612
sedentary1625
torpent1647
torpid1656
torpulent1657
softly1664
inert1774
vegetative1789
spiritless1798
unenergetic1805
sloomy1820
slow-going1825
inenergetic1826
comatose1828
moony1847
mooning1864
torpid-minded1909
narcoleptic1965
vegged1986
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Desuetudo Resides, &..tardi, restie and slow for lacke of vse.
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiv. 10) Thyne enemies surmyze thee to be restie and ydle bycause thou bestirrest thee not.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions iv. 20 Yet must not this quickling be suffered to do nothing at all, for feare he grow reasty.
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. i, in Wks. I. 533 Hee would growe resty else in his ease: his vertue would rust without action. View more context for this quotation
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xxiv. 192 Som great houshold..where the Maister is too restie, or too rich to say his own Prayers.
1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode iv. i. 54 O what a difference will she find betwixt a dull resty Husband, and a quick vigorous Lover.
a1704 T. Brown London & Lacedemonian Oracles in Wks. (1709) III. iii. 140 If that City were once destroy'd, the Romans would prove reisty and effeminate.
1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists iii. i. 189 The Sun, and..the fresh Air of fanning Breezes..exercise the resty Plants, and scour the unactive Globe.
1887 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. VI. i. 121/2 Resty, indolent; prone to take rest when one should be active; lazy.
1930 Amer. Speech 5 428 The hillman's adjective resty, meaning indolent, is another Shakespearian survival.
1942 M. Campbell Cloud-walking 28 They put him down as being too resty to do no work.
b. Of conditions: characterized by sluggishness, indolence, or inactivity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > [adjective] > characterized by inaction or inactivity > specifically of conditions
resty1602
1602 C. Sutton Disce Vivere x. §9. 218 In continuall ease, in a restie slouthfulnesse voyde of all trauaile.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia 107 You might shortly behold the idle and restie diseases of a divided multitude..substantially cured.
1628 T. Venner Via Recta (new ed.) iv. 49 To those that leade a resty or studious kinde of life, it is very hurtfull.
5. Of land: fallow, untilled. Cf. restiff adj. 3. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > fallow
leac1330
fallow1377
restiff?1440
faugha1522
rested1600
resty1601
summer fallow1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. xix It is thought sufficient for a teem of oxen to breake up (at the first tilth) in one day of restie or ley ground, one acre.
1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xvii. 99 All old, Resty Land, that hath not bin Tilled of late.

Compounds

Appositive (in sense 4a).
resty stiff adj. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. F3v Presently they are as resty stiffe, As twere a many ouer ridden iades. View more context for this quotation
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1a1325adj.2adv.c1465
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