restrictionn.
/rᵻˈstrɪkʃn/, U.S. /rəˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n/, /riˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n/ 1. † a. Medicine. The action or property of suppressing bleeding. Obsolete.† b. Medicine. Constipation; obstipation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > alleviation
supportation1527
lenition?1541
palliation1543
restriction1599
palliative1656
blandiment1684
supportive care1895
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 177 Bursa pastorum is an herbe, fri. & sic., with restriccioun [?c1425 Paris restreynynge; L. restrictione].
a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis l. 762 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 24 Neuer a drope..Wald ryn at all þai holis dovne The herbe maid sic restrictioun.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 219/1 For restrictione of the flowers, and for the corroboratione of the Harte.
1697 J. Headrich Arcana Philosophia 29 The Virtues of Marchasite are, in Restriction of the Blood, of the Menstrues, and Hemroides.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > constipation
costivenessa1400
obstruction1533
constipationc1550
restriction?1550
obstipation1612
stypticness1617
binding1620
stypticity1620
impaction1853
?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. L.ii Grypynges and payne in the vtter parte of the bely wt restriction therof..do signifye the Colycke.
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Methodicalle Disc. in Frenche Chirurg. f. 47v/1 The Cholicke, the restrictione, or constipatione.
1603 A. Munday tr. F. Citois True Hist. Mayden of Confolens f. 20 The intestine receiuing no foode at all, it shut vp it selfe in such sort during this time, that it could not afterward admit the receite of any: yet notwithstanding, it is not altogether so constrained, that by this restriction of the entrailes, death should follow theron so readilie.
c. Partial obstruction, esp. to the flow of liquid or air within a vessel or channel; an instance of this. Also: constriction, narrowing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > compression or constriction
compressing1398
compressionc1400
constrictionc1400
spanning1527
coarctation1540
restriction1580
choking1635
coarction1782
1580 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Short Disc. Chirurg. sig. Fiiiv The third is caused of an obstruction or restriction [It. ristrentione] of the powers or cunduites, where the vryne doth passe.
1733 J. Allen Summary View Whole Pract. Physick I. vii. 347 The whole Cure therefore is to be directed to take away the Irritation and Restriction of the Ureters and Kidneys.
1740 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. (ed. 2) xxxi. 105 An Uneasiness..that was attended with a slight Restriction of Breath.
1833 Periscope Jan. in Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 18 154/2 In some cases a restriction across the chest was much felt.
1871 Figure Training 31 Severe restriction of the waist suddenly applied appears likely to prove most irksome.
1914 I. Shone Evol. Greater Britain's Sewage-drainage Syst. 198 A simple arrangement..to prevent..pressure being produced in the sewers by any accidental restriction of the airway.
1919 D. P. Buchanan in B. Macfadden et al. Olympian Syst. iii. 231 The hip corset..makes only nominal the restriction of the waist.
1961 F. A. S. Brown Nigel Gresley xvii. 122 With poppet valves there is less restriction of steam flow through the ports.
1996 New Idea June 34/2 She inhaled from the reliever puffer, but it failed to alleviate the restriction in the chest and shortness of breath.
2. gen.
a. Something that restricts a person or thing; a limitation on action; a limiting condition or regulation.In quot. a1450 perhaps: a retraction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun]
waningc900
littlingOE
lessingc1350
abating1370
diminutionc1374
minishinga1382
decrease1383
remissiona1398
shrinkinga1398
decreasing1398
adminishing?c1400
abbreviation?a1425
lessening?a1425
minoration?a1425
disincrease1430
abatement1433
restrictiona1450
batea1475
diminuation1477
limitation1483
abate1486
minute1495
minishment1533
mitigation1533
diminishinga1535
extenuation1542
slacking1542
reduce1549
diminishment1551
perditionc1555
debatementa1563
rebatement1573
obstriction1578
imminution1583
contracting1585
contraction1589
rabate1589
rebating1598
retrenchmentc1600
decession1606
ravalling1609
reducement1619
decrement1621
bating1629
shrivellinga1631
decretion1635
dejection1652
abater1653
rolling back1658
limiting1677
batement1679
reduction1695
depression1793
downdraw1813
descent1832
decess1854
lowering1868
shrinkage1873
dégringolade1883
minification1894
degrowth1920
downrating1950
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > instance of
conditionc1380
protestationc1390
butc1405
restrictiona1450
limitationc1475
if1532
conditionary1678
reservation1719
whereas1795
yes but1870
string1888
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > a) restriction(s)
bandc1175
conditionc1380
restrictiona1450
within one's tether?1523
confine1548
confinement1649
ball and chain1855
control1920
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > a) restriction(s)
conditionc1380
restrictiona1450
confinement1649
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 4792 Crist scheelde þat your wil or your entente Be sette to make a restriccioun Of paiement.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 297, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Restrictio(u)n(e He has powere..to absolȝe fra all maner of synnis..without ony artacioun ore restriccioun.
1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 2807 That al the temporal lands Be set in few.., With sic restrictiouns as sall be devysit.
1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes vii. f. 264 The restrictions of this former conclusion are these.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 225 It necessarily suffering such restrictions as take of generall illations. View more context for this quotation
1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 190 Giving security to export yearly 150,000£ worth of English manufacture, with some other restrictions.
1712 N. Marshall Serm. 5 The more we submit to those Restrictions and Rules of Life..the more directly do we make towards the Comforts and Satisfactions of our present State.
1772 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) II. 117 The restrictions under which our first parents were laid.
1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. xii. 296 A restriction which he supposed as repugnant to his Majesty's feelings as it was to his own.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 398 The old restrictions on the use of the pulpit were silently removed.
1938 J. Charlesworth Law of Negligence vii. 133 Owing to war restrictions, no lights were maintained.
1989 Which? July 351/1 Most firms operate a minimum age restriction of 21 years.
2005 K. Ascher The Works: Anat. of City i. i. 3 It involved parking rules and restrictions.
b. The action or fact of limiting or restricting; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun]
limiting1391
moderation1429
bridlingc1443
limitation1483
confine1548
restriction1554
limit1572
prescription1604
bounding1607
circumscriptiona1616
stricture1649
stinting1656
circumscribing1660
contractiona1670
confinement1678
contracting1692
handcuff1814
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > restriction or limitation
definitionc1386
limiting1391
moderation1429
limitation1483
restriction1554
restraint1566
limit1572
stint1593
prescription1604
stintance1605
bounding1607
confining1608
confine1609
circumscriptiona1616
definement1643
stricture1649
stinting1656
circumscribing1660
contractiona1670
confinement1678
contracting1692
narrowing1871
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1603 in Wks. (1931) I Quhow Noye, but restrictioun, Gaue Cham his maledictioun.
1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 95 With speciall restriction too, as iustifying a man onely from originall sinne.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. xvii. §15. 348 Thirlage, or a restriction of Lands to Milns, wherein the Miln is Dominant, and the Lands astricted are servient.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 145 Yet this must be understood with some restriction.
1797 Monthly Rev. July 348 The restriction of the term of servitude must diminish the value of the slave.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lxvii. 181 It was the day..which threatened the restriction of Mr. Quilp's liberty.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ix. §2. 604 Not only was the Monarchy restored, but it was restored without restriction or condition.
1932 Times 6 May 14/1 Nothing in the agreement implies any permanent restriction of the movements of Chinese troops.
1980 J. Gardner Garden of Weapons i. x. 90 The red-tagged folders, denoting restriction and classification.
2005 New Internationalist Mar. 15/1 Bush's ‘national security’ involves the restriction of our most basic civil liberties.
c. Deliberate limitation or reduction of industrial output; an instance of this. Cf. restrictive practice n. at restrictive adj. and n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > protest > forms of
rattening1828
polytechnic1835
restriction1852
lockout1853
ca'canny1896
restrictive practice1896
go-slow1920
hartal1920
lock-in1920
working to rule1920
work-to-rule1920
cacannyism1921
job actionc1926
slowdown1926
gherao1967
work-in1967
work-to-contract1969
sick-out1970
sick-in1974
siege action1977
1852 Times 31 May 3/5 In the lace as in the hosiery manufacture we are beginning to find some restriction upon production necessary.
1879 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 42 285 The leaders of the operatives..contended that the proper remedy was a restriction of production.
1888 W. E. Nicholson Gloss. Terms Coal Trade 71 Restriction, an arrangement or understanding among the hewers limiting their day's work to something less than a fair ordinary day's work.
1931 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 89 Restriction is practised by the non-union worker just as much as it is by the member of a trade union.
1961 Problems of Progress in Industry No. 11. p. 11 If their [sc. workers'] standards are lower than those considered as reasonable by managers, such behaviour is usually called ‘restriction of output’.
1998 R. Church & Q. Outram Strikes & Solidarity (2002) iii. 39 Usually a deadline would be attached and strike, lock-out or restriction would follow.
3. Logic. = subalternation n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > relation to particular or subsidiary proposition
restriction1551
subalternation1650
subalternant1671
subalternans1792
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Liiiv They haue not deuysed one of all those rules of restryctyons, amplyfycatyons, and supposytyons, very wittelye inuented in the small Logycalles, whyche heare oure chyldren in euerye place do learne.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Among Logicians, Restriction is understood of the limiting a Term, so as to make it signify less than it usually does.
1852 W. Hamilton Discuss. Philos. & Lit. 637* Table of the mutual relations of the eight propositional forms... Restriction, subalternation.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vi. 169 In some cases the Restriction (Subalternation) and the Integration may be bilateral.
1958 Mind 67 525 ‘This’ is not merely a quantifier that can be set beside ‘All’ and ‘Some’ ; it stands for some specific manner of restriction to an individual.
1990 Jrnl. Logic & Computation 1 66 A truth assignment φ defined on Wk is closed under the Kripke semantics if and only if it is the restriction to Wk of a stable truth assignment defined on W.
4. More fully mental restriction. Chiefly in religious contexts: = mental reservation n. at mental adj.1 and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > hidden or indirect meaning > [noun] > mental reservation
mental reservation1606
restriction1607
precision1683
mentals1712
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > instance of > in the mind only
mental reservation1606
restriction1607
reserve1690
1607 R. Parsons Treat Mitigation Catholike-subiectes in Eng. ix. 374 Christes former speach had some mentall restriction, or reseruation in it.
1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks (ed. 3) 169 Making use to this purpose of their mental Restriction.
1715 R. Bentley Serm. Popery 20 The scandalous shifts of Equivocals and Mental Restrictions.
1758 J. Douglas Compl. & Final Detection of A—d B—r vi. 29 Those maxims of equivocation and mental restriction which are peculiar to the Jesuits.
1812 H. Adams Hist. Jews I. xix. 328 It is also said, that a number of their casuists authorize deception, equivocation, mental restriction, and hypocrisy.
1884 Catholic Dict. 572/2 If the restriction is of such a nature that it cannot be perceived by the hearer, then the person who uses it certainly sins.
1917 Eccl. Rev. Sept. 317 An accused person..may use mental restriction to hide his guilt when questioned.
1975 French Rev. 48 560 She qualifies her plan as ‘innocent’, but she is practicing mental restriction.
2002 B. Williams Truth & Truthfulness v. 104 Both equivocation and mental restriction were defended, under conditions of persecution, by a Jesuit.
5. Mathematics. A function f whose domain is a subset of the domain of a given function g, whose codomain is the codomain of g, and for which f(x) = g(x) for all x in the domain of f(x).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function
function1758
exponential1784
potential function1828
syzygy1850
permutant1852
Green function1863
theta-function1871
Greenian1876
Gudermannian1876
discriminoid1877
Weierstrassian function1878
gradient1887
beta function1888
distribution function1889
Riemann zeta function1899
Airy integral1903
Poisson bracket1904
Stirling approximation1908
functional1915
metric1921
Fourier transform1923
recursive function1934
utility function1934
Airy function1939
transfer function1948
objective function1949
restriction1949
multifunction1954
restriction mapping1956
scalar function1956
Langevin function1960
mass function1961
1949 G. Springer & H. Pollak Algebraic Topology viii. 168 Since f is a restriction of g, we have that the map g̃ of H(A) into H(B) which is reduced by g is exactly the same as the map .
1978 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 70 155 Some rather tedious calculations show that the cosets of Zn + 1 in Zn \\ Zn + 1 sit inside the cosets of Xn in Xn \\ Xn + 1; hence ϕ is a restriction of a function Φ on X.
2004 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 69 675 The restriction of a function f to a subset D of its domain is denoted by f | D.
6. Virology and Molecular Biology. Limitation of the host range of a bacteriophage or other virus by a non-mutational process controlled by host bacteria or cells; the process responsible for such limitation; spec. cleavage of DNA by a restriction endonuclease.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > limitation by enzyme
restriction1962
1962 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 5 47 Host-controlled modification is known to occur in many bacteriophage-host systems and is usually recognized by restriction in the efficiency of plating of the newly modified phage on its former host strain.
1968 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 59 1305 The complementation studies suggest that restriction activity is conferred by at least two gene functions.
1979 Nature 1 Mar. 30/1 Bacteriophage T3 and T7 protect their DNA from restriction by producing..anti-restriction proteins.
1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4155/2 We attempted to characterize better HIV restriction in murine cells through the use of HIV pseudotypes.
2002 D. Fernandez & T. Langin in F. Kempken Mycota XI. x. 185/2 Restriction of genomic DNA with an endonuclease that has no site within the transposable element.
Compounds
C1. General attributive (in sense 2), as restriction act, restriction note, restriction order, etc.
ΚΠ
1797 W. Woodfall Impartial Rep. Deb. Parl. III. 489 (heading) Bank Restriction Bill.
1819 Examiner 14 Feb. 112/1 Mr. Hone..lately published a certain Note, which he termed a Bank Restriction Note.
1835 Penny Cycl. III. 380/2 Not..until 1797, when the celebrated Bank Restriction Act was passed.
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 319/1 Progress of Banking in England down to Restriction Order of 1797.
1930 Economist 9 Aug. 290/1 Restriction proposals in the rubber-growing industry have apparently come up against a blank wall.
1967 Mod. Law Rev. 30 271 A restriction order and a warrant of arrest issued by the authorities.
1999 N. Varley Parklife (2000) 130 They could impose restriction orders on those convicted of football violence.
C2.
restriction endonuclease n. Molecular Biology any of a group of enzymes, found in bacteria, which cleave DNA molecules at or near a specific short sequence of nucleotides.Some types of restriction endonuclease also carry out methylation of DNA, protecting it from degradation.
ΚΠ
1969 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 195 219 (title) The Escherichia coli B restriction endonuclease.
1991 D. J. Weatherall New Genetics & Clin. Pract. (ed. 3) iv. 75 Fractionation of DNA became possible after the discovery of a family of bacterial enzymes called restriction endonucleases.
2004 J. Playfair Living with Germs (2007) iii. 92 Bacteria have enzymes that cut up viral DNA—the same restriction endonucleases that are so indispensable to the molecular biologist today.
restriction enzyme n. Molecular Biology = restriction endonuclease n.
ΚΠ
1965 W. Arber in Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 19 368 Assume that a highly specific ‘restriction enzyme’ only initiates the degradation, for example, by cleavage of DNA, and that these cleavage products are then subject to the action of less specific nucleases.
1977 Time 18 Apr. 48/1 A so-called restriction enzyme, which can sever the DNA of an invading virus, say, at a predetermined point.
2000 Z. Smith White Teeth (2001) xvi. 417 Once you know the restriction enzyme for a particular, like, bit of DNA, you can switch anything on or off, like a bloody stereo.
restriction fragment n. Molecular Biology a fragment of DNA produced by the action of a restriction endonuclease.
ΚΠ
1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 373/1 The relation between the H. influenza [sic] and RII restriction fragments was confirmed by cleavage of each RII fragment with H. influenza enzyme and vice versa.
1990 M. Crichton Jurassic Park (1991) 105 The dark bars you see are restriction fragments—small sections of dinosaur DNA, broken by enzymes and then analyzed.
2006 J. S. Francis et al. in K. E. Nelson & C. F. M. Williams Infectious Dis. Epidemiol. (ed. 2) ix. 289 Base mutations..that alter restriction enzyme recognition sites will change the number and size of some of the restriction fragments.
restriction fragment length polymorphism n. Molecular Biology variation in the length of a particular restriction fragment from the DNA of different individuals of the same species or population, typically resulting from mutations affecting the restriction site; an instance of this; examination of a DNA sample for this (esp. as a technique in research or forensic science).
ΚΠ
1980 Amer. Jrnl. Human Genetics 32 315 These restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) can be easily assayed in individuals, facilitating large population studies.
1994 Washington Post 23 Aug. a4/2 Cellmark's tests, according to prosecution documents, involved both polymerase chain reaction testing, or PCR, and restriction fragment length polymorphism testing.
2001 Security Oz No. 7. 104/2 The most common type of DNA fingerprinting is called restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
restriction map n. (a) Mathematics = sense 5; (b) Molecular Biology a pattern of DNA fragments generated by one or more restriction endonucleases; a diagram indicating the relative positions of the sites of cleavage by restriction endonucleases.
ΚΠ
1953 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 39 874 We infer..the restriction map..in the adjoint of the map H.
1976 Cell 8 163/2 We have derived a detailed restriction map of the synthetic globin DNA using restriction enzymes with known recognition sequences.
1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) iii. 66 The fragments were then arranged into restriction maps and compared.
2003 J. C. Jantzen Representations Algebraic Groups (ed. 2) i. v. 75 For open subfunctors U′ ⊂ U of X/G we have an obvious restriction map ℒ(M)(U) → ℒ(M)(U′).
restriction mapping n. (a) Mathematics = sense 5; (b) Molecular Biology the creation of a restriction map; the use of such maps, esp. for the analysis of genomes; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function
function1758
exponential1784
potential function1828
syzygy1850
permutant1852
Green function1863
theta-function1871
Greenian1876
Gudermannian1876
discriminoid1877
Weierstrassian function1878
gradient1887
beta function1888
distribution function1889
Riemann zeta function1899
Airy integral1903
Poisson bracket1904
Stirling approximation1908
functional1915
metric1921
Fourier transform1923
recursive function1934
utility function1934
Airy function1939
transfer function1948
objective function1949
restriction1949
multifunction1954
restriction mapping1956
scalar function1956
Langevin function1960
mass function1961
1956 Jrnl. London Math. Soc. 31 405 The image under the restriction mapping of the D-plane.
1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 4619 (heading) Restriction mapping of mtDNA [= mitochondrial DNA].
1988 Y. Yamamoto tr. A. Kaneko Introd. Hyperfunctions v. 270 Here again, a restriction mapping must be applied to coefficients.
1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) iii. 64 The measurement technique first used in studies of human mitochondrial variation is called restriction mapping; it uses enzymes to cut DNA into telltale patterns of long and short fragments to generate a ‘map’ of the particular individual's mitochondrial gene.
2006 W. Sherwin & J. A. M. Graves in P. Armati et al. Marsupials ii. 37 At high resolution, a molecular description of the genome is given by restriction mapping and ultimately DNA sequencing.
restriction site n. Molecular Biology a DNA sequence acted on by a restriction endonuclease.
ΚΠ
1973 Jrnl. Virol. 11 378/1 If a sequence such as a restriction site can be associated with a particular φX174 DNA fragment, it is then localized on the genetic map within the length of the fragment.
2004 P. C. Cahmpe et al. Biochemistry xxxii. 454 A mutation may not affect a restriction site of one specific restriction enzyme, but may be revealed by using a different restriction enzyme whose recognition sequence is affected by the mutation.
Derivatives
reˈstrictionary adj. imposing or involving restrictions.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [adjective]
bridling1559
barring1567
restraining1597
retracting1661
curbing1720
detaining1822
restrictionary1828
inhibitive1830
checking1861
inhibitory1870
withholding1898
staying1902
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [adjective]
restraintive1526
limitative1530
circumscribing1571
restrictive1580
continent1598
restricting1606
confininga1616
contractive1624
strait-lacing1636
limiting1656
cohibitive1668
contracting1765
limitary1822
restrictionary1828
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [adjective] > restricting or limiting
narroweOE
restraintive1526
limitative1530
circumscribing1571
restrictive1580
restraining1597
continent1598
restricting1606
confininga1616
contractive1624
strait-lacing1636
limiting1656
cohibitive1668
contracting1765
restrictory1776
limitary1822
restrictionary1828
scopeless1882
1828 Examiner 184/1 Their restrictionary measures..may have arisen from a wish to take advantage of the circumstances of the time.
1906 A. R. Colquhoun Africander Land i. vi. 102 In this matter considerable restrictionary powers should be retained.
2004 United Press Internat. (Nexis) 23 Feb. The best solution for Britain in relation to East European immigration is not the restrictionary system imposed by France and Germany.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?a1425