单词 | ricochet |
释义 | ricochetn. 1. Military. a. The method of firing a projectile such that it is made to glance or skip along a surface with a rebound or series of rebounds. Now historical.Recorded earliest in ricochet battery. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > rebound > [noun] reboundinga1382 reverberationc1405 rebound1440 stot1513 repercussion1553 recoil1583 resilience1626 reflection1642 refraction1653 resilition1654 backstroke1674 retro-spring1716 ricochet1740 dap1835 bounce1884 spring-back1899 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing point and blank1590 false fire1602 potting1613 point-blank1614 running fire1629 pounding1633 bulleting1635 platooning1706 sharp-shot1725 street firing1727 ricochet1740 fire curtain1744 plunging fire1747 reverse fire1758 sniping1773 enfilade1796 rapid fire1800 line-firing1802 concentric1804 sharpshooting1806 rake1810 sniping fire1821 cross-firing1837 file-firing1837 curved fire1854 night firing1856 file-fire1857 volley-firing1859 cross-fire1860 joy-firing1864 snap-shooting1872 stringing1873 pot-shooting1874 indirect fire1879 sweeping1907 rapid1913 curtain of fire1916 ripple1939 ripple-firing1940 ripple fire1961 1740 tr. F. Juvenel de Carlencas Hist. Belles Lettres 207 We are obliged to him for the Invention of..the Ricochet Batteries [Fr. bateries en ricochet], or Duck and Drake Batteries. 1751 C. Bisset Theory & Constr. Fortif. i. ii. 23 The Effect of the Ricochet, in the Body of the Place, is very little more than to oblige the Besieged, by raising Traverses, to leave less Room for Cannon in the Faces and Flanks of the Work; and even that it does but in a small Degree, because the Traverses, tho' made pretty thin, are sufficient to resist the Ricochet, and when shattered by Bombs are soon repaired. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Range To fire a piece by way of the ricochet, is only to charge the cannon with no more powder than is sufficient to carry the bullet along the face of the works attacked. 1838 Penny Cycl. X. 376/1 The traverses in the covered way were proposed by Vauban, in order to diminish the effect of the ricochet. 1862 A. F. Lendy Treat. Fortification iv. 91 The batteries of ricochet must be established rather near the front. 1907 Hearings Comm. Naval Affairs xl. 374 When firing at ranges where the ricochet is impossible fuses will be employed with these shells whereby they will explode after entering the water a certain distance. 2001 R. Holmes et al. Oxf. Compan. Mil. Hist. 775/2 In spite of its hazards, ricochet is not without value. It was used..to bounce cannon balls through an enemy's tightly packed ranks. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing > subjection to ricochet firing ricochet1828 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 355 In the ricochet of a fortification of any kind, the elevation of the gun should seldom exceed 10 degrees. 2. A bullet, shell, or other projectile which has rebounded off a surface or surfaces. ΚΠ 1747 J. Muller Attack & Def. Fortify'd Places i. 75 Others are carried on by Saps along the Parapet, to get possession of the Traverses, if the Besieged have made any to shelter themselves from the Ricochets. 1874 E. O. Hollist tr. E. Hoffbauer German Artillery in Battles near Metz 244 Lieutenant Ruhnke of Humann's battery..was killed and Portepeefahnrich Brauns was hit by a ricochet. 1900 F. D. Baillie Diary 25 Apr. in Mafeking (1900) 235 A ricochet hit old Whitfield in the stomach, but, owing to the width of his figure, the bullet did not penetrate. 1930 N.Y. Times 22 July 1/6 A fifth [man] was killed by a ricochet from the accidental discharge of an Egyptian soldier's rifle. 2005 G. Sheffield & J. Bourne in D. Haig War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 91 A chance ricochet fatally wounded him while he was making a farewell visit to his old battalion. 3. The action of a bullet, shell, or other projectile, in rebounding off a surface or surfaces at an angle; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1758 C. Vallancey in tr. L. A. de la M. Clairac Field Engineer 209 The Bullets..will fly by Bounds and Ricochets much farther than their first Range. 1859 Regulations for Musketry Instr. Army 54 To keep a memorandum of each shot fired, under the head of bull's-eyes, centres, outers, ricochets, and misses. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xviii. 146 The shot..buried itself in the soft sand. We had no ricochet to fear. 1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood iii. 54 A pitiable small affair in Saxonia, where I had the misfortune to meet a round shot on the ricochet which cracked my shin-bone. 1974 J. D. MacDonald Dreadful Lemon Sky (1975) xvii. 268 The slug spanged and went screeing off in ricochet. 1999 C. Brookmyre One Fine Day in Middle of Night (2000) 194 The ricochet of another bullet zinged along the corridor. 2006 FourFourTwo Aug. 122/1 Italy won a corner which, after a succession of ricochets, again landed at the feet of Rossi. 4. figurative. With reference to an immaterial thing, as a remark or event: the action of rebounding or having repercussions; a rebound, a repercussion. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > other types of effect co-effect1768 ricochet1773 surface effect1837 emergent1874 dent1942 1773 E. Burke Let. to C. Bingham in Wks. IX. 142 How is he to escape this ricochet cross-firing of so many opposite batteries of police and regulation? 1819 London Lit. Gaz. 25 Sept. 622/1 To turn a Scot into ridicule is coming too near home, it might by a ricochet, and by a recoiling action, light upon himself. 1840 T. De Quincey On Essenes: Pt. III in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 647 The multiplied ricochets through which it [sc. chrism] impressed itself upon the vocabulary of the case. 1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career II. vii. 129 The allocution..was intended to strike Captain Beauchamp by ricochet. 1931 D. G. Mason Tune in, Amer. v. 62 These surprising achievements have had..a ricochet, economic and artistic, singularly far-reaching and in some respects highly menacing. 1994 Social Text No. 38. 47 We got caught in the ricochet between these so-called polarities. Compounds C1. General attributive, as ricochet battery, ricochet fire, ricochet practice, ricochet shot, etc. ΚΠ 1740Ricochet battery [see sense 1a]. 1746 J. Muller Treat. Elem. Part Fortification ii. 22 The greatest improvement made in the art of attacking happened in the Year 1697, when M. Vauban made first use of ricochet firing at the siege of Ath, whereby the besieged placed behind the parapets, were as much exposed to the fire of the besiegers, as if there had been none. 1778 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation II. 623 The gate of the barrier leading through the glacis to the east ravelin, had been beaten down by ricochet shot flying over the battery, which the enemy had raised before it. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 355 Tables of ricochet practice, shewing the charge, elevation, time of flight, and effect at various ranges. 1847 Times 14 Aug. 6/4 The ricochet battery at 800 yards range also made excellent practice. 1859 Regulations for Musketry Instr. Army 54 One of the men in the ricochet butt. 1868 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea III. xvii. 369 A ricochet fire which..had been more or less working havoc in their ranks. 1881 Notes & Queries 30 July 90/1 The bounding or ricochet motion of the tennis-ball, being a ‘tanz’ or dance of the ball around the court. 1902 Kynoch Jrnl. Apr.–May 80/2 At various points we have placed ricochet mounds, the first of which will catch any low or accidentally fired shot. 1944 Pop. Science Dec. 124/1 Fuses can be set to detonate at precise moment..Time fuse for ricochet burst. 1977 G. E. Rothenberg Art Warfare in Age of Napoleon (1980) iii. 76 Additional range could be obtained by means of ricochet fire. 1995 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 19 Feb. iv. 2/3 He..bloodied one woman's face with a ricochet shot. C2. ricochet effect n. (a) the fact or quality of producing ricochet; (b) = knock-on effect n. at knock-on n. and adj. Additions. ΚΠ 1871 C. O. Browne Short Notes on Field Batteries ii. 95 Ricochet effect is sometimes considered as the obvious advantage of bearing on the flank of a line. 1899 M. N. Murfree Story Old Fort Loudon ix. 261 The terrifying ricochet effects on an unsophisticated red-man of riving a buzz-wig from the head of his victim in lieu of a real scalp. 2002 Guardian 24 Aug. (Weekend Suppl.) 38/2 The bad adjustment in your back has a ricochet effect all down your spine and buggers up your nervous system. 2007 M. Harrison Ruby Tuesday xxvi. 166 He lowered the barrel, like the police in the southern States had learned to do, maximizing the ricochet effect of the buckshot. ricochet word n. a word consisting of two elements, the second of which is a reduplication of the first, with variation of the vowel or initial consonant. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > reduplicated word reduplication1774 ricochet word1876 1876 E. C. Brewer in Notes & Queries 2 Dec. 444/1 A word to express the duplication of such words as riff-raff, pitter-patter, tittle-tattle, helter-skelter, and the like. I suggest calling them ricochet words. 1967 W. Morris & M. Morris Dict. Word & Phr. Origins II. 228 His hobby is collecting what he calls ‘Siamese-twin words’..from argy-bargy to zoot suit. The word experts call these ‘reduplicated words’ or, in lighter moments, ‘ricochet words’. 2005 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 6 May 18 The type of sections I read out include..ricochet words (for instance razzle-dazzle, harum-scarum, argy-bargy). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ricochetv. Originally Military. a. intransitive. To fire into a target by means of ricochet (ricochet n. 1a). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1758 J. Amherst Jrnl. 14 July (1931) 66 A Battery of seven mortars against the Town and some 12-Pounders to Ricochet into the Town. b. transitive. To fire at by means of ricochet (ricochet n. 1a). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > assail with gunfire > in specific manner ricochet1758 snipe1782 brown1873 to blaze (out) at1909 1758 J. Amherst Let. 23 July in G. S. Kimball Corr. William Pitt (1906) I. clxi. 303 Some twelve Pounders to ricochet the Works and the Town. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 7/2 The parapet which covers the rampart or the ground to be ricochetted. 1862 A. F. Lendy Treat. Fortification x. 187 As for a village, before entering it the artillery should ricochet the streets and set fire to the houses. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 448/2 The faces of the bastions themselves can be ricochetted from an equal distance. 2. a. intransitive. Of a bullet, shell, or other projectile: to move with a series of ricochets; to rebound from a surface or surfaces. Frequently with adverbs, esp. off. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > rebound > [verb (intransitive)] to pilt up againa1200 bolt?c1225 rebounda1398 redoundc1500 stot1513 to strike upward1530 band1580 recoil1591 bound1597 result1598 retort1599 resile1641 bandy1658 resiliate1755 ricochet1804 reverberate1817 kick1832 dap1851 bounce1887 bank1962 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > discharge firearms [verb (intransitive)] > actions of bullet or shot ricochet1804 club1830 cluster1830 strip1854 upset1859 slug1875 keyhole1878 group1882 string1892 mushroom1893 splash1894 to set up1896 phut1901 pattern1904 print1961 1804 Mil. Mentor II. xxxvii. 253 The smaller the angle is, under which a shot is made to ricochet, the longer it will preserve its force and have effect. 1820 B. E. O'Meara tr. Napoleon Hist. Mem. ix. vi. 141 Amidst the cannon balls, grape shot, and shells, ricochetting from line to line. 1861 J. Lamont Seasons with Sea-horses 86 The bullets ricochetted on the water close past his ears. 1920 L. R. Freeman In Tracks of Trades xiii. 237 The spheroid, spinning off the wicket-keeper's fingers, struck a coconut trunk and ricocheted into a bunch of bananas. 1971 N. Brown Antarctic Housewife ix. 103 The bullet ricocheted off a rock. 2001 R. Nicoll White Male Heart (2002) 277 The bitter flurries of hail that ricocheted off the gravestones. b. intransitive. figurative. To move or change sharply, esp. from one condition or state to another. Frequently with adverbs. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] abraidOE braidc1275 startc1275 shunta1400 squitch1570 flirt1582 sprunt1601 ricochet1856 1856 C. Whitehead in Househ. Words 19 Apr. 328/1 If I am to give credit to her statement, her money has not ricochetted, as I supposed. 1894 Nation 23 Aug. 137/1 Then the gaze ranges east and north,..ricocheting from hill to hill. 1953 S. Plath Jrnl. 25 Jan. (2000) 165 I think this book ricochets between the feminine burbling I hate and the posed cynicism I would shun. 1996 Sugar June 112/5 Words of love are ricocheting all over the place. 1998 K. Lette Altar Ego iv. 48 All the women I knew were ricocheting from one nervous breakdown to another. 3. transitive. To cause (a bullet, shell, or other projectile) to move with a series of ricochets, or to rebound from a surface or surfaces. ΚΠ 1849 J. A. Dahlgren Let. 30 Oct. in J. M. Hoppin Life Andrew Hall Foote (1874) vii. 78 Always ricochet the shot when the water is smooth enough. 1885 Cent. Mag. May 94/1 General Bee directed us to fire low and ricochet our shot and shrapnel on the hard, smooth, open field. 1926 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 31/1 Our gunners do not fire directly upon them, but ricochet a shell into the water along the path of the attacker. 1969 Chicago Daily Defender 19 Feb. 30/1 He..ricocheted the ball off the backboard and through while in mid-air. 1996 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 19 Sept. 19 a She could have ricocheted that bullet and unintentionally hurt or killed someone. 2001 B. Broady In this Block there lives Slag 113 One was trying to eat a packet of peanuts by ricochetting them off the ceiling back towards her gaping mouth. Derivatives ˈricocheting adj. ΚΠ 1785 J. Drinkwater Hist. Siege Gibraltar 123 The artillery was..ordered to direct a ricochetting fire of small shells along this track. 1887 Daily News 1 Nov. 5/1 A ricochetting piece of iron had gone through his leg. 1953 R. Ellington Just killing Time (1955) xviii. 120 The zinging whine of a ricocheting bullet tore past my ear. 1995 Time 20 Feb. 76/3 The ricocheting dialogue verges on self-parody. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1740v.1758 |
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