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rickn.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with West Frisian reak haycock, heap of hay, Middle Dutch rooc haystack, heap of hay (Dutch rook ), Old Icelandic hraukr small stack, Norwegian rauk , heap, stack, Old Swedish röker heap, stack (Swedish rök ), Old Danish røg heap, stack, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish crúach heap, stack (Irish cruach ). Compare reek n.3Apparently also attested early in the place name Recham , Sussex (1166; now Rackham), and in the surname Nic. atte Reke (1333). The γ. forms reflect shortening of either Middle English close ē or its early modern English reflex (as also in sick adj.; compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §31); this sound in turn developed from earlier open ē before a velar (see R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §81). 1. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > stack or rick α. eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 68 Aceruos, muwan, hreacas. lOE Rec. Services & Dues, Hurstbourne Priors, Hants. (Sawyer 359) in A. J. Robertson (1956) 206 Hea[l]fne æcer gauolmæde..on hreace gebringan. a1325 (Cambr.) (1929) 349 (MED) Car une moye [glossed:] reke [v.r. a mowe] est dit en grange..Moiloun [glossed:] reke [v.r. stak of hay] apelez ceo qe est en feyn. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxii. 6 Ȝif fyre gone oute, fynde eeris, & catche þe rekis [a1425 L.V. heepis; L. acervos] of corn..he schall ȝelde þe harme þat tyndiþ þe fyre. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) (1887) App. S. 820 Sette afure rek [?a1425 Digby reke] & hous & barnde al þane toun. (Harl. 221) 428 Reek [v.rr. reyke, reeke], or golf, arconius, acervus. c1465 in C. L. Kingsford (1919) I. 68 It was the Doctor wille the parissh shuld by the straw off the reke. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Prol. f. cccxxvv The grettest clerkes..with theyr sharpe sythes of connyng al mowen and made therof great rekes and noble. 1532–3 c. 10 Thatched houses, barnes, reekes, stackes, and other suche like. 1538 T. Elyot Meta,..a reyke of corne or heye. 1600 B. Jonson i. iii. sig. Diiv His barnes are full, his reekes, and mowes well trod. View more context for this quotation 1607 E. Topsell 304 Hay is not to be cast before a horsse, as it is out of the reeke. 1669 J. Worlidge 193 The usual way of building Reeks of Corn on Stavals set on stones, is the onely prevention against Mice. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Meleager & Atalanta in 106 Nor Barns at home, nor Reeks are heap'd abroad. 1709 C. Cibber ii. i. 22 I am mute as..a Goose in a Hay-Reek. 1895 ‘Rosemary’ iv. 133 My 'ay's all in the reeks an' thatched. 2001 J. Hickey in M. Hickey (2004) 56 There was others making a reek of straw which was getting bigger and bigger. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (new ed.) ii. iv. 72 Whence came this Courage (Titan-like) So many Hils to heap vpon a rick? 1703 R. Neve 41 The Bearer-off..carries the Bricks..to lay them singly down in Rows (which they call Ricks). 1720 A. Pennecuik (ed. 2) ii. 144 The Tombs of Kings throw out their Skeletons... Then falls the Mon'ment down unto a rick of Stones. 1802 D. Collins II. xiv. 157 Mr. Bass..had seen the animal scratching among the dry ricks of sea-weed thrown up upon the shores. 1881 9 169 Rick, Penn., an open heap or pile in which coal is coked. 1913 L. C. Corbett ix. 369 The tubers stored in these houses are carefully assorted and sacked, and the sacks piled in ricks. 1947 M. Sandoz ii. i. 150 The long ricks of coal along the tracks at the stations. 2003 G. Schenk v. 117/2 The rick of stones waits beside the road for months. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > measure of cut wood 1787 F. Grose at Braunds A rick of braunds, a stack of wood cleft for the fire. 1854 A. E. Bray 151 It looked absolutely as if there had been a bonfire made of a whole rick of wood. 1899 H. Garland v. 49 These pieces..were thrown into a conical heap, which it was Lincoln's business to repile in shapely ricks. 1941 E. Dick vii. 168 A considerable space was reserved for huge ricks of wood used for fuel. 1990 T. H. Rawls vii. 109 The sticks are stacked six feet high in crisscrossing layers. Four stacks, totaling about two cords, make a ‘rick’. 2000 E. Reid (2002) 106 Firewood was stacked neatly outside in chest-high ricks. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > shelf > specific type 1901 59 487/1 Appellees had removed certain bolts, used in fastening the ricks together, for use in another warehouse. 1913 18 May (Miscellany section) 3/5 To age properly, whisky must have clean dry storage in the ricks of warehouses. 2006 K. Axelrod & B. Brumberg (ed. 4) 240/1 Walk along the 12-inch-wide worn wooden plank floor between rows of barrels stacked three high on ‘ricks’. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. 1865 26 Sept. 4/1 (heading) Great rick fires near Walsall and Worcester. 1932 A. Bell iii. 31 Had he forgotten our mutual suspicions about old Gomper's rick-fire? 2003 T. Shakesheff v. 130 Historians all too often equate rural terrorism with the rick fire and the maimed pony. b. Objective. 1845 15 Feb. 108/1 An inquest at Finchley on the body of Samuel Aedy, a rick-builder and hay-binder. 1936 Nov. 363/2 The hurdle maker, the shepherd and the rick builder, the last being an artist in hay,..inhabit the old-world village. 2007 (Nexis) 31 Jan. 12 I was up on a rick, passing the sheaves of wheat from the pitcher to the rick builder when we first noticed the bird. 1821 10 May 1/3 (advt.) Wanted, a farm servant, who understands thoroughly the drill husbandry, hedge-planting, rick building, and all farm work. 1960 23 Feb. 55/3 Many of us are so steeped in the old rick-building tradition of ‘keeping the middle up’ that we still do it with silage. 2007 (Nexis) 31 May 17 In the first ploughing match there were six horse teams, 27 tractor entries and 12 for rick building and thatching. 1889 1 May 10/5 A rick lifter with all the working portions of it made of iron. 1910 XIII. 108/2 Various forms of rick-lifters are in use, the characteristic feature of which is a tipping platform on wheels to which a horse is attached between shafts. 1999 A. Fenton (rev. ed.) viii. 145 (caption) A patent rick lifter by John Wallace & Sons, of Glasgow. 1807 T. J. Rawson xi. 199 It should be..placed in a scale board, which can be held up to the rick-maker's side, that he may take out the sheaves as he may want. 1906 J. A. Bridges vii. 77 He never was as good a rick-maker as his predecessor had been. 2008 (Nexis) 17 July 48 He is a skilled Devon stone wall builder, thatcher, rick maker and Devon hedge layer. 1892 26 July 5/1 Mr Pollock also shows new rick shifters, both for hand and for horse power. 1957 E. E. Evans xii. 155 Carried at last to the haggard or rick-shifters or slipes..the hay is built into small circular stacks (pikes). 2001 (Nexis) 7 July 32 A selection of implements for sale included a milk plant, two carts with rubber wheels, rick shifter, harrow,..and hay paddy. C2. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > stack-yard 1656 P. Heylyn 259 No pullein in the rick-barten. 1791 R. Sadler III. viii. 224 I was returning up the lane..when a groan from an adjacent rick-barton drew my attention. 1829 C. A. Bowles I. 134 The footman..summoned from the hay-cart, or rick-burton. a1887 R. Jefferies (1892) 4 The farmyard and rick-barton were a little way up the narrow valley. 1830 (title) The life and history of Swing, the Kent rick-burner, written by himself. 1830 Rick-Burners in 11 Dec. 337/2 An extravagance of folly which will not escape the understanding of the Rick-Burner. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ I. Introd. 6 For the rick-burners had not found their way hither. 1999 A. Mallinson iv. 92 Magistrates here, too, are terrified of rick-burners and machine-breakers. 1830 11 Dec. 338/1 They take to rick-burning and machine-breaking. 1939 D. Cecil viii. 206 The riotings and rick-burnings..roused his fear of revolution. 2002 (Nexis) 25 Sept. 7 Our new-fangled rural rebels—the class which would hang the starving for rick-burning or loombreaking not so very long ago. the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > rick-cloth the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > canvas > for specific purpose 1800 4 Dec. 4/3 (advt.) A new large rick cloth, with poles and tackle complete. 1882 R. D. Blackmore I. xiv. 205 His breeches were of rickcloth. 1917 16 55 Then, pot by pot, the earth was carefully thrown out on to a rick-cloth. 2002 (Nexis) 5 June ii. 11 Instead of the rick cloths, we'll have a bouncy castle. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > rick-stand or -place 1675 G. Townesend 251 Rick-Staddles, Saxa pro fenilibus. 1775 N. Kent 166 Every barn should be so contrived as to have a rick-staddle at each end, and a hole in each gable to pitch the corn into it. 1876 T. Hardy II. xl. 141 Old jambs being carried off for rick-staddles. 1931 20 May 10/5 Last year I was shown a blue tit's nest in an iron rick staddle. 2006 (Nexis) 21 May (Property section) 5 It includes..sandstone ‘rick staddles’ at £150 a pop. a1722 E. Lisle (1752) 208 If it be designed for a reek-staffold..it will come out of the straw and thresh very well. 1853 26 Mar. 8/5 (advt.) Rick staffold load cloths, turnip slicers oat and oil cake crushers. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > rick-stand or -place 1776 T. Bowden 11 Cut a trench in the ground, along the middle of the rick stand. 1833 J. C. Loudon §809 The Rick Stand..is formed of oak pillars inserted in the ground, and standing two feet high above it, with a frame over them composed of joists of any cheap wood. 1892 J. C. Blomfield 46 Sad stories are current of fine old oak..used for rick-stands. 1931 19 Jan. 18/2 Water and feeding troughs, rick stands, blocks and slabs of all kinds. 1992 M. Green ii. 11 Unripe barley was cut with its straw and stored on rick-stands for winter use. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > rick-stand or -place 1617 Inventory J. Sturges in J. S. Moore (1976) 45 The rickstavels, wood and timber, with one lader, and all moveables. 1669 J. Worlidge 275 A Reek-staval, a Frame of Wood placed on stones, on which such Mowe is raised. 1764 2 221 Your said correspondent justly recommends the reek staval, or staffold, a frame of wood for the mow, placed on stones. the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > rick-stick 1874 T. Hardy II. vi. 77 Where's your thatching-beetle and rick-stick and spars? 1795 J. Plaw 11 There is a threshing floor in the middle, with four enclosures for grain adjoining: the whole is framed on rick stones, to prevent damp, and keep out vermine. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Rick-stones, supports of Purbeck or other stone for ricks, usually sold in pairs. 1931 2 Dec. 4/6 Two rows of rick stones were put along the road between the gate and the public road to narrow it and prevent parking of vehicles. 1969 H. Orton & P. M. Tilling III. i. 223 [Q]uestion. What do you call this [base (of stack)]?.. [Essex] Rick-stones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † rickn.2Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: English ric. Etymology: Apparently the reflex of Old English ric (only in place names: see below), of uncertain origin; perhaps ultimately < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of Old Icelandic reik parting of the hair, Norwegian reik stripe, furrow, groove, parting of the hair, Swedish regional rek , (Gotland) raik parting of the hair, probably < the same Germanic base as reach v.1 It has been suggested that a closer cognate of the Old English word may be shown by Middle High German ric (rare) narrow road, pass, although if so the final consonant in the Middle High German word is difficult to explain (and it must probably also be assumed that this shows a different word from Middle High German ric bond, fetter, rack, shaft or beam for hanging things, and from Middle Low German rik in similar senses: compare ricker n.). A connection with ridge n.1 seems unlikely on formal grounds.Attested earlier in place names, as Richeham , Essex (1086; now Culvert's Farm), Rictone , East Riding, Yorkshire (1086; now Reighton), Lindric , Nottinghamshire (c1150; now Lindrick), be Midderice , Weston, Somerset (c1155 in a copy of a charter of 946; now Midridge), Ascric , East Riding, Yorkshire (1156–7; 1086 as Ascri ; now Escrick),Cæateric , Cambridgeshire (14th cent. in a copy of a charter of 974; now Chatteris), etc., although it is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the more common ridge n.1 (with which it is occasionally replaced). The precise meaning of the place-name element is not always easy to determine: the primary sense appears to be ‘strip of raised land’ (compare sense 2), but in a few instances also ‘ditch, especially one used as a sewer’ (e.g. Skitterick , the name of several localities in the West Riding, Yorkshire; Glynde Reach , a canalized river in Sussex; compare sense 1, especially quot. 1332); this latter sense probably represents a transferred use derived from the word's application to the upcast bank or embankment running along the length of the ditch (compare the two opposing senses of dike n.1). For a fuller discussion see A. H. Smith Place-names East Riding Yorks. (1937) 268–9, M. Gelling Place-names in Landscape (1984) 183–6, M. Gelling & A. Cole Landscape of Place-names (2000) 214–16. Compare also the apparent derivative formation represented by English regional (Lancashire and Yorkshire) ricket narrow gutter or channel (1886; compare -et suffix1). It is unclear which sense is reflected by the following early examples in surnames (perhaps compare quot. 1332 at sense 1): Ricardus de la Riche (Hampshire, 1200), Rob. ate Ryche (Surrey, 1332), Alic. ate Riche (Surrey, 1332). It is noteworthy that all of the early surname evidence comes from the south-east of England. Obsolete. rare. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch 1332 in A. Mawer & F. M. Stenton (1930) II. 353 Thomas atte Riche [i.e. Glynde Reach]. 1762 3 Apr. 42 The Outfield of Inchture, where it was but like a Rick or deep Fur, fogged, or grown over with Grass. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > other units of land measure the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > rib 1641 in E. Owen (1908) 584 All that rick or parcel of rockie ground..called Craygamoyen. 1688 R. Holme iii. 73/2 A Rick, or Ridges or Buts, are parcels of Land of several breadths and lengths. Casting into Ricks or Ridges is to make such by Plowing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). rickn.3 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rick v.2 Etymology: < rick v.2 Compare wrick n. Probably not connected with crick n.1 Now rare. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > sprain or strain 1813 H. L. Stanhope Let. 20 Oct. in I. Bruce (1951) II. xvii. 219 The grey horse was tied up & in a most ridiculous way by the head to cure a rick in his shoulder but it did cure it. 1831 Sept. 356/2 He [sc. a horse] had trod on a round stone at exercise, and received a severe sprain or rick in the sinew. 1854 A. E. Baker II. 169 I gen my back such a rick. 1869 R. T. Claridge 105 He could not determine whether it was simply Lumbago, or a Rick in the back. 1887 A. Nicols I. x. 297 Harold found that he had a nasty rick in the loins. 1906 E. Mayhew 264 ‘Rick of the back’ and ‘chink of the back’ are terms which represent some indefinite injury to the spine of a horse. 1920 J. O. Paget i. 8 Not long afterwards a slight rick in the back caused by a fall out hunting delivered the playful peer into the hands of his enemy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rickn.4Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: rickshaw n. Etymology: Shortened < rickshaw n. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle pushed or pulled by person > [noun] > carriage pushed or pulled by person society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > rickshaw 1889 R. Kipling in 16 June 743/1 All the sahibs hailed 'rick-shaws—they call them 'ricks here [i.e. in Hong Kong]. 1962 82 Wouldn't credit it, his going for a Jap sheila in a bloody rick. 2003 Apr. 78/4 The rick was tops. It was easy to steer around the rubble and pot holes..and even provided the chance for some racing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rickn.5Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare later ricket n. and discussion at that entry. slang. Now rare. society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] > bidder > type of 1928 19 Dec. 2/7 ‘Ricks’ or ‘gees’: people who mingle with the crowd to arouse their enthusiasm. 1934 P. Allingham vii. 63 On..occasions the worker has a rick, that is to say, a confederate planted in the crowd, whom he could always choose as the first bidder. 1967 7 May 5/5 It's a rick bet... It don't even go in the book. Its sole object is to push or goad you into making your bet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rickv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rick n.1 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [verb (transitive)] > make into stacks or ricks 1623 Althorp MS in J. N. Simpkinson (1860) p. xlix To Bucknell 3 daies ricking pease. 1677 A. Yarranton 116 The Farmers lay up their Corn at easie Rates,..and not Rick it up, as we do in England. 1764 (1765) 3 lviii. 245 I not only rick the straw, but I also slightly thatch the rick. 1780 A. Young i. 262 Women 3d. and 4d. a day in reeking corn. 1812 J. Sinclair i. 396 There are few seasons in Scotland, where it is possible to rick clover immediately after the scythe. 1865 E. Burritt 178 Whatever quantity of straw, corn-stalks and turnips he may rick or house for winter. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Reek, to heap, or pile up. The snow was that reek'd up. 1951 H. Giles xi. 102 Faleecy John was ricking up cook wood in the corner of the yard. I pitched in to help. I like to rick wood. 1962 M. E. Murie i. ii. 23 Thank heaven for the nine cords of good spruce wood ricked up in the back yard. 2007 (Nexis) 6 Jan. 22 Memories of sowing and reaping, of threshing the corn and reeking the hay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rickv.2Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: wrick v.2, wrick v.1 Etymology: Probably a variant of wrick v.2 and hence perhaps ultimately of wrick v.1 Both this word and rick n.3 are found in regional use only in midland and southern counties of England, and hence a connection with Old Icelandic rykkja to pull roughly and hastily (or the related noun rykkr hasty pull or movement) seems unlikely. (Shetland Scots rick (verb) to pierce with a hook by means of a sudden jerk or pull, and rick (noun) tug or pull, sharp movement, are probably not related to the present word, although they are recorded in the same entry in Eng. Dial. Dict.) Probably not connected with crick v.2 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > affect with muscular disorder [verb (transitive)] > sprain or strain 1638 S. Rogers 5 Nov. (2004) 165 This day I richt my leg sadly and I am kept from service. 1798 J. Jefferson 23 Feb. To rick, that is, to twist a joint, and thereby hurt it. 1870 2 Apr. 200/3 Though your horse cleared the brook and galloped on, he may have ricked his back. 1891 S. Baring-Gould vi. 68 The cobble-stones..torture the feet that walk over them and rick the ankles. 1931 V. Sackville-West iii. 194 A hint of lumbago..reminded her of the day she had ricked her back at Nervi. 1981 J. Lees-Milne Diary 6 Aug. in (2003) 164 I ricked a muscle over the heart on Monday evening. 2001 R. Dawkins (2003) iv. 184 I had ricked my neck. the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (transitive)] > turn quarry 1829 T. Thacker 114 The fair running dog fairly turns the hare about; the waiting lurching rascal only wrenches or ricks her. 1839 New Laws of Coursing in W. Youatt (1845) App. 262 When a dog wrenches or ricks a hare twice following,..it is equal to a turn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1eOE n.21332 n.31813n.41889n.51928v.11623v.21638 |
