ricinusn.¹

Brit.

/ˈrɪsᵻnəs/,

/ˈrʌɪsᵻnəs/, U.S.

/ˈrɪsənəs/,

/ˈraɪsənəs/

Forms: Old English–early Middle English ricinum, 1500s– ricinus.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ricinus.

Etymology: < classical Latin ricinus castor oil plant (Pliny), of unknown origin.In form ricinum in quot. OE¹ probably after the Latin accusative singular, although the same form in quot. OE² is apparently after the post-classical Latin neuter variant ricinum (first half of the 11th cent. in the same source). The word was apparently reborrowed in the 16th cent., and there is no continuity of use with the Old English and early Middle English word.

Originally: the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, a shrub native to the Mediterranean, eastern Africa, and parts of Asia and naturalized throughout the tropics, having alternate palmate leaves and seeds which are the source of castor oil and of the toxic substance ricin. In later use also (in form Ricinus): the genus of the family Euphorbiaceae to which this plant belongs.The variability in colour and growth habit exhibited by R. communis led early botanists to believe that it was more than one species, but the genus Ricinus is now considered to be monospecific.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species plantarum (1753) 1007, after earlier use by J. Pitton de Tournefort Inst. rei herbariæ (1700) I. 532.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > castor-oil plant or bean

ricinusOE

oil treea1425

Palma Christic1450

man's motherworta1500

tick-seed1562

tick-weed1563

finger orchis1597

kick1597

steadfast1597

palmchrist1611

oil-nut1694

oilseed1760

castor-oil bean1814

castor-bean1819

castor-oil plant1839

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxxvi. 220 Wið hagol & hreohnysse to awendenne, gyf ðu þas wyrte ðe man ricinum [?a1200 Harl. 6258B ricinum]..nemneð on þinre æhte hafast.., heo awende[ð h]agoles h[reohn]ysse.

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxxvi. 220 Þas wyrte þu scealt niman þus cweþende:..wyrt ricinum, ic bidde [L. herba ricinum, precor]..þæt ðu awende hagolas & ligræsceas & ealle hreohnyssa.

a1576 W. Bullein Bk. Simples (new ed.) f. 45^v, in Bulwarke of Defence (1579) There is one kinde [of spurge] called Ricinus or palma Christi: wherof there is Oyle made for Lampes.

1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands ix. 51 There are in these Islands an infinite number of the shrubs called Palma-Christi or Ricinus... The Negroes gather the seed, and extract an oyl from it, wherewith they rub their hair to keep themselves clear from vermine.

1694 T. R. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 277 A sort of Ricinus or Palma Christi.

a1726 H. Barham Hortus Americanus (1794) 159 There are many sorts of ricinus in America.

1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana i. 35 The Ricinus, Palma Christi, or Castor Bush, is divided into two kinds, red or white.

1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 6/1 A peculiar variety of Ricinus, called R. ruber,..which yields an oil called carapat.

1848 J. D. Hooker Let. 13 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1988) IV. 176 The Tussa silk moth Phalena cynthia..is only known in domestic state, & always fed on Ricinus leaves.

1880 Proc. Royal Soc. 1879–80 47 391 The grains of ricinus, for example, having been in absolute alcohol for over a year, give the same reactions as fresh ones.

1911 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 229 Castor oil is derived from seeds or beans of ricinus, a course perennial plant.

1943 B. O. Dodge & H. W. Rickett Dis. & Pests Ornamental Plants 526 Two bacterial diseases have been reported on Ricinus; one is a spot disease..the other a wilt.

1976 Times 16 Oct. 7/3 Here is a list of flowers from seed that did well in spite of the drought... Nicotianas, petunias, portulacas, ricinus (castor oil plant), rudbeckias, [etc.].

1998 Garden Answers Sept. 32/2 The mid-height ‘Rustic Dwarfs’ are brilliant with purple-leaved cannas and castor oil plants (ricinus).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ricinusn.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌɪsᵻnəs/,

/ˈrɪsᵻnəs/, U.S.

/ˈraɪsənəs/,

/ˈrɪsənəs/

Inflections: Plural ricini.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ricinus.

Etymology: < classical Latin ricinus parasite on sheep or other animals, tick, of unknown origin; perhaps the same word as classical Latin ricinus ricinus n.¹ Adopted in scientific Latin as ricinus, specific name (in Acarus ricinus, Linnaeus Systema naturæ (ed. 10, 1758) I. 615).

Zoology. Now rare.

A tick; esp. the dog tick, Ixodes ricinus.This is unconnected with bird lice of the genus Ricinus (named by C. B. de Geer Mém. l'hist. des insectes (1778) VII. 69).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Acari or family Acaridae > member of (tick) > family Ixodidae > member of genus Ixodes

ricinus1658

bush-tick1856

wolf-tick1861

carrapato1886

scrub tick1891

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Dogge tyke or louse, ricinus.]

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 949 Those things that kill and drive away the Tyke-flies called Ricini, for the most part kill and drive away the Dog-flies.

1826 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias 373 Castor Seeds. Are streaked with black and white, and resemble the insect called Ricinus, or tick; whence the name.

1858 L. A. A. de Verteuil Trinidad iii. 131 Ticks (Ricinus).—These are very troublesome insects... The tick is larger, of the size, colour, and appearance of the castor-oil seed; whence its zoological name Ricinus.

1879 J. G. Wood Explan. Index in C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. (1882) 384 The Romans gave it [sc. the Castor-oil plant] the name of Ricinus, because the seeds bear some resemblance in shape to sheep-ticks or ‘ricini’.

1912 Spatula June 562/2 The Ricinus louse, being taken from the left ear of a dog and worn in a sachet, gives ease to all bodily pains.

2007 D. W. Magee & H. E. Ahles Flora Northeast (ed. 2) 701 Ricinus L. Castor-bean (named for the Mediterranean sheep tick Ricinus, because of the resemblance of the seed to a tick).

Derivatives

† ricinian adj. Obsolete rare (of a fever) caused by the bite of a tick; cf. pulicious adj.

ΚΠ

1869 R. F. Burton Explor. Highlands Brazil I. 159 The venomous, irritating wound [of the tick] will bring on a ricinian fever, like the pulicious fever of Russia.

1888 Littell's Living Age 18 Aug. 448/1 Sometimes the attacks [of ticks] bring on ricinian fever, just as in Russia people may suffer from pulicious fever.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ricinus
释义	ricinusn.¹ Brit. /ˈrɪsᵻnəs/, /ˈrʌɪsᵻnəs/, U.S. /ˈrɪsənəs/, /ˈraɪsənəs/ Forms: Old English–early Middle English ricinum, 1500s– ricinus. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ricinus. Etymology: < classical Latin ricinus castor oil plant (Pliny), of unknown origin.In form ricinum in quot. OE¹ probably after the Latin accusative singular, although the same form in quot. OE² is apparently after the post-classical Latin neuter variant ricinum (first half of the 11th cent. in the same source). The word was apparently reborrowed in the 16th cent., and there is no continuity of use with the Old English and early Middle English word. Originally: the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, a shrub native to the Mediterranean, eastern Africa, and parts of Asia and naturalized throughout the tropics, having alternate palmate leaves and seeds which are the source of castor oil and of the toxic substance ricin. In later use also (in form Ricinus): the genus of the family Euphorbiaceae to which this plant belongs.The variability in colour and growth habit exhibited by R. communis led early botanists to believe that it was more than one species, but the genus Ricinus is now considered to be monospecific.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species plantarum (1753) 1007, after earlier use by J. Pitton de Tournefort Inst. rei herbariæ (1700) I. 532. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > castor-oil plant or bean ricinusOE oil treea1425 Palma Christic1450 man's motherworta1500 tick-seed1562 tick-weed1563 finger orchis1597 kick1597 steadfast1597 palmchrist1611 oil-nut1694 oilseed1760 castor-oil bean1814 castor-bean1819 castor-oil plant1839 OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxxvi. 220 Wið hagol & hreohnysse to awendenne, gyf ðu þas wyrte ðe man ricinum [?a1200 Harl. 6258B ricinum]..nemneð on þinre æhte hafast.., heo awende[ð h]agoles h[reohn]ysse. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxxvi. 220 Þas wyrte þu scealt niman þus cweþende:..wyrt ricinum, ic bidde [L. herba ricinum, precor]..þæt ðu awende hagolas & ligræsceas & ealle hreohnyssa. a1576 W. Bullein Bk. Simples (new ed.) f. 45^v, in Bulwarke of Defence (1579) There is one kinde [of spurge] called Ricinus or palma Christi: wherof there is Oyle made for Lampes. 1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands ix. 51 There are in these Islands an infinite number of the shrubs called Palma-Christi or Ricinus... The Negroes gather the seed, and extract an oyl from it, wherewith they rub their hair to keep themselves clear from vermine. 1694 T. R. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 277 A sort of Ricinus or Palma Christi. a1726 H. Barham Hortus Americanus (1794) 159 There are many sorts of ricinus in America. 1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana i. 35 The Ricinus, Palma Christi, or Castor Bush, is divided into two kinds, red or white. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 6/1 A peculiar variety of Ricinus, called R. ruber,..which yields an oil called carapat. 1848 J. D. Hooker Let. 13 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1988) IV. 176 The Tussa silk moth Phalena cynthia..is only known in domestic state, & always fed on Ricinus leaves. 1880 Proc. Royal Soc. 1879–80 47 391 The grains of ricinus, for example, having been in absolute alcohol for over a year, give the same reactions as fresh ones. 1911 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 229 Castor oil is derived from seeds or beans of ricinus, a course perennial plant. 1943 B. O. Dodge & H. W. Rickett Dis. & Pests Ornamental Plants 526 Two bacterial diseases have been reported on Ricinus; one is a spot disease..the other a wilt. 1976 Times 16 Oct. 7/3 Here is a list of flowers from seed that did well in spite of the drought... Nicotianas, petunias, portulacas, ricinus (castor oil plant), rudbeckias, [etc.]. 1998 Garden Answers Sept. 32/2 The mid-height ‘Rustic Dwarfs’ are brilliant with purple-leaved cannas and castor oil plants (ricinus). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ricinusn.² Brit. /ˈrʌɪsᵻnəs/, /ˈrɪsᵻnəs/, U.S. /ˈraɪsənəs/, /ˈrɪsənəs/ Inflections: Plural ricini. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ricinus. Etymology: < classical Latin ricinus parasite on sheep or other animals, tick, of unknown origin; perhaps the same word as classical Latin ricinus ricinus n.¹ Adopted in scientific Latin as ricinus, specific name (in Acarus ricinus, Linnaeus Systema naturæ (ed. 10, 1758) I. 615). Zoology. Now rare. A tick; esp. the dog tick, Ixodes ricinus.This is unconnected with bird lice of the genus Ricinus (named by C. B. de Geer Mém. l'hist. des insectes (1778) VII. 69). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Acari or family Acaridae > member of (tick) > family Ixodidae > member of genus Ixodes ricinus1658 bush-tick1856 wolf-tick1861 carrapato1886 scrub tick1891 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Dogge tyke or louse, ricinus.] 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 949 Those things that kill and drive away the Tyke-flies called Ricini, for the most part kill and drive away the Dog-flies. 1826 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias 373 Castor Seeds. Are streaked with black and white, and resemble the insect called Ricinus, or tick; whence the name. 1858 L. A. A. de Verteuil Trinidad iii. 131 Ticks (Ricinus).—These are very troublesome insects... The tick is larger, of the size, colour, and appearance of the castor-oil seed; whence its zoological name Ricinus. 1879 J. G. Wood Explan. Index in C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. (1882) 384 The Romans gave it [sc. the Castor-oil plant] the name of Ricinus, because the seeds bear some resemblance in shape to sheep-ticks or ‘ricini’. 1912 Spatula June 562/2 The Ricinus louse, being taken from the left ear of a dog and worn in a sachet, gives ease to all bodily pains. 2007 D. W. Magee & H. E. Ahles Flora Northeast (ed. 2) 701 Ricinus L. Castor-bean (named for the Mediterranean sheep tick Ricinus, because of the resemblance of the seed to a tick). Derivatives † ricinian adj. Obsolete rare (of a fever) caused by the bite of a tick; cf. pulicious adj. ΚΠ 1869 R. F. Burton Explor. Highlands Brazil I. 159 The venomous, irritating wound [of the tick] will bring on a ricinian fever, like the pulicious fever of Russia. 1888 Littell's Living Age 18 Aug. 448/1 Sometimes the attacks [of ticks] bring on ricinian fever, just as in Russia people may suffer from pulicious fever. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1658
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ricinusn.1

ricinusn.2

Derivatives

ricinusn.¹

ricinusn.²