| 释义 |
revolutionn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French revolution; Latin revolution-, revolutio. Etymology: < Middle French revolucion, revolution (French révolution ) periodic return of a celestial object to a particular point in the sky (end of the 12th cent. in Old French), the passing or completion of a specified period of time (1267), a convolution of the bones of the inner ear, way of tying a suture thread (both 1314), cyclical recurrence of a point in time (c1361 with reference to times of the year), anniversary (a1489 in revolucion d'une nativité birthday), political change (1615), coup d'état (1636), change of government by means of violence (1680), geological change (Buffon 1749), the French Revolution (1789, usually as La Révolution ) and its etymon post-classical Latin revolution-, revolutio action of rolling back, return or recurrence of a point or period of time (5th cent.), something that forms a circular shape, coil, spiral, process of turning over in the mind, consideration, reflection (from 12th cent. in British sources), action of a celestial object of moving in a circular or elliptical orbit or course around another (13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin revolūt- , past participial stem of revolvere revolve v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Catalan revolució (1507), Spanish revolución (mid 13th cent. as revolution), Portuguese revolução (15th cent.), Italian rivoluzione (14th cent., earliest in political use); and also Dutch revolutie (1553; early 18th cent. in political use), German Revolution (1483; early 18th cent. in political use), Swedish revolution (mid 17th cent.; 1680 in political use).In sense 8c after German Revolution ( K. Marx & F. Engels Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (1848) 10; compare quot. 1850), also (in the same work) in the phrases proletarische Revolution (see proletarian revolution n. at proletarian adj. and n. Compounds) and kommunistische Revolution communist revolution (compare quot. 1850 at communist adj. 2). With sense 9a compare Glorious Revolution (see Glorious Revolution n. at glorious adj. Additions). With sense 9c compare earlier American Revolution n. at American n. and adj. Compounds 3a and Revolutionary War n. at revolutionary adj. and n. Compounds. With sense 9d compare slightly earlier French Revolution n. at French adj. and n. Compounds 1b. With sense 9e compare Russian Revolution n. at Russian n. and adj. Compounds 2b and October Revolution n. at October n. Compounds 2. I. Circular movement. 1. Astronomy. the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > movement in orbit a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. 1783 (MED) Per cas the revolucion Of hevene and thi condicion Ne be noght yit of on acord. a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 30 The .iij heuyns lorde aboue As wel by heuenyssh reuolucioun [v.r. reuolucyos] As bi deserte hath wonne venus. a1500 (a1450) tr. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 45 A mayden..thurgh grete studie knew..the revolucion [a1500 Lamb. aȝeynturnynges] of Pliades. 1613 S. Purchas ii. iv. 118 The whole reuolution of the Sunnes motion. 1715 tr. D. Gregory I. iii. §12. 409 The number of revolutions of the Earth about the Sun made in the mean time. ?1768–9 (1771) I. 442/1 Jupiter's three nearest moons fall under his shadow, and are eclipsed in every revolution. 1814 J. Playfair II. i. ii. 31 The cause of the apparent diurnal revolution of the heavens. 1899 W. H. S. Monck iv. 78 The stars..appear..to have a general drift towards the north. This might arise from a revolution of the galactic stars in the direction from Ophiuchus to Cygnus, and thence on to Taurus. 1917 F. R. Moulton (rev. ed.) vii. 223 The moon's nodes regress, making a revolution in 18·6 years. 1973 C. Sagan (1974) xv. 109 Mariner 9..made close to two revolutions around Mars per day. 2007 F. Watson viii. 169 The orbital period of binary stars—the time taken for each revolution about the centre of mass—varies enormously. the world > time > period > cycle of time > [noun] > astronomical cycle the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > movement in orbit > complete passage > time taken c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §7. 21 The day natural, þat is to seyn 24 houris, is the reuolucioun of the equinoxial. 1669 S. Sturmy ii. 115 To count the Year or the Revolution of the Sun in even Days. 1727 D. Defoe i. i. 26 Who..search'd into, and calculated all Astronomical Difficulties; the Motions and Revolutions of heavenly Bodies. 1819 J. Wilson 351 Revolutions, the time in which a star revolves round the Sun or the Earth. 1832 tr. A. von Humboldt in W. Macgillivray xix. 279 It is less a cave than a projecting rock, in which the waters have scooped a great hollow, when, in the ancient revolutions of our planet, they had reached a great height. 1874 J. D. Steele ii. 91 A synodic revolution is 584 days. 1904 H. S. Williams II. 62 In the fifth place is Venus with a revolution of nine months. the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [noun] > winding curve(s) ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Hunterian) f. 46 (MED) Noises þat ben excellent & horribel schulde not passen sodeinlie and euen to þe braine and hurte him..but be cause of longe dwellinge in þe forseid reuoluciouns his excellens is made lesse. c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville (Wellcome) f. 151 (MED) Bynde þi þreed not to softe neiþir to faste with two reuoluciouns & þanne make þe þridde knotte aboue þo two. ?1541 R. Copland iii. sig. Liij Fyrste knyt it with two reuolucions. Secondly with one, & than cut the threde fer fro the knot. 1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin i. sig. F.vv Vaynes infynytely intricate and writhid with a thousand reuolutions, or tur[n]agayns. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau 7/2 Heer vnder is situated, the greate revolutione of the gutte Ieiunum, and this is the Centrum of the bodye. 1615 H. Crooke 454 The braine..is foulded vp in so many convolutions and revolutions. 1686 R. Plot ix. 370 One must needs ascend in a single revolution of the Cochlea or spiral..twice the height of a man. 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz iv. 361 The other [end]..is coiled around it, so as to have its Revolutions at a convenient Distance from each other. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xv. x, in tr. Josephus 499 For these roads are not strait; but have several revolutions. 3. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. 756 (MED) Sche was cause..Þis gery Fortune, þis lady reccheles, Þe blynde goddesse of transmutacioun, To turne her whele by reuolucioun. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau iii. iv. f. 15v/1 When as in manner of revolutione we turne the needle, as the furriers are wonte to doe, when as they sowe together the skinnes. 1803 W. Wirt viii. 29/2 In order to constitute a scientific lawyer, something more is necessary than the patient and persevering revolution of the leaves of an author. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] 1566 W. Painter I. f. 225v The inconstant and mutable reuolucion of fortune, that is blind and vncertaine. 1582 G. Whetstone sig. Uiiijv Ianus, God of Time..holding his taile in his mouth, expressing under this figure his revolution, who..endeth and beginneth in himselfe. 1664 H. Power iii. 157 They recoyl again, and return in a Vortical Motion, and so continue their revolution for ever. 1667 J. Milton x. 814 That fear Comes thundring back with dreadful revolution On my defensless head. View more context for this quotation 1714 R. Fiddes (ed. 2) II. 134 To cause a general revolution of the eyes..of the congregation. 1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick I. 89 Their whirling mode of flight,..in which the collective body performs an uniform circular revolution. 1835 D. Oliver xiv. 172 The blood..performs more than five hundred and fifty revolutions through the body every twenty-four hours. 1877 R. J. More xv. 216 The priest..pausing on the completion of each revolution, to kiss the book of the Gospels. 1920 A. S. Eddington viii. 132 The revolution of an electron around a nucleus. 1995 J. Quinn 34 Streetcars..make endless revolutions round the winter city. 2003 F. McIntosh xvii. 273 The line of mourners..would make a slow but steady revolution of the body. 4. the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > [adverb] > at the proper time or in due course the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > of a time c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. 3353 (MED) Holsom frute schal þe blosmys swe, Whan tyme cometh by reuolucioun. 1481 tr. Cicero (Caxton) sig. Fviv Betwixt the first office geuen hym in rome and the sixt consulat of this Ualerius was xlvj yeris by reuolucyon of yeris. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. Prol. f. iii All suche actis as by Reuoluciowne In theyr dayes fyll. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus iv. f. 53v They vnderstanding very well the reuolucyons of the tyme, & their apointed courses. 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ sig. Diijv From the day of the date heereof, to the full terme and reuolution of seuen yeeres next ensuing. 1614 W. Camden (rev. ed.) 237 All things runne round, and as the seasons of the yeare, so mens maners haue their reuolutions. 1675 W. Dugdale I. 233 Before the revolution of one year..hapned that memorable Battle at Poytiers. 1741 I. Watts Pref. vii And did not increase half so much in the Revolution of a Year. a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. P. Calderon Scenes from Magico Prodigioso in (1824) 383 The winged years speed o'er the intervals Of their unequal revolutions. 1865 Nov. 494/1 Systematic recurrence is the order of nature..the ocean's ebb and flow, seasonal revolutions, and planetary periodicities. 1889 Aug. 573/1 The period for the ‘revolution’ of felling is fixed at forty years. 1949 16 296 Two opening paragraphs of the Second Fit conveying the experience of a year's revolution. 1952 R. Hackforth tr. Plato xi. 85 Such a soul, if with three revolutions of a thousand years she has thrice chosen this philosophic life, regains thereby her wings. 1996 D. L. Porter iv. 99 The place that demarcates the end of one year's seasonal revolution and the beginning of another. the world > time > period > cycle of time > [noun] 1554 F. van Brunswick tr. A. de Montulmo vii. sig. L.iii Mars in Leo, and in the fowerth house, signifieth contencions, and that many shall in that reuolucion come to their end by the sweard. 1597 R. Hooker v. lxx. 196 The day..changed in regarde of a new reuolution begunne by our Sauiour Christ. 1667 J. Milton ii. 597 Thither..At certain revolutions all the damn'd Are brought: and feel by turns the bitter change Of fierce extreams. View more context for this quotation 1706 J. Logan in (1872) X. 164 I am sick of the world unless it would mend, which I scarce expect this revolution. the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence 1593 T. Kelway tr. A. Ferrier iii. x. f. 58v Of Eclipses and great coniunctions appertaining to Reuolutions of Natiuities [Fr. Reuolutions des natiuitez]. 1669 S. Sturmy ii. 121 The Change of the Moon..hapneth again upon the same Days, for several Revolutions of the Prime or Golden Number. 1670 J. Milton vi. 308 To fear from like Vices..the Revolutions of like Calamities. 1713 29 Aug. 2/2 At every Revelution of her Wedding Day, she makes her Husband some pretty Present. 1751 Earl of Orrery (1752) 44 He seldom deviated many minutes, in the daily revolution of his exercises and employments. 1785 W. Cowper i. 462 It is the constant revolution..of the same repeated joys, That palls and satiates. 5. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid xi. f. 316 A Sphere is made by the reuolution of a semicircle, whose diameter abideth fixed. 1662 R. Boyle 95 A Meridian turn'd about the Poles of a Globe will describe by its revolution a Sphere of the same Diameter with its own. 1710 J. Harris II. (at cited word) In Geometry the Motion of any Figure quite round a fixt Line (which is called therefore its Axis) is called the Revolution of that Figure. 1831 D. Brewster vi. 56 Part of a hyperboloid formed by the revolution of a hyperbola. 1899 W. Wells 384 Find the volume generated by the revolution of the triangle about its longest side as an axis. 1920 W. N. Thomas xvi. 435 A spheroid is the figure traced by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. 2000 C. Porter et al. tr. J. Brunschwig & G. E. R. Lloyd 407 The torus..the solid formed by the revolution of a circle about an axis parallel to its plane. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > rotation as a wheel 1592 A. Fraunce f. 15 Iuno laught no lesse, then when shee saw in Auernus Prowd Ixions wheele turne with reuolution endles. 1649 Bp. J. Wilkins 54 In the revolution of a wheel, there be a mutuall succession betwixt the parts contained in it. 1784 S. T. Wood 16 A wheel and axis is made to revolve, which in its revolution carry with it vanes, leavers or paddles, that are fixed to the extremity of the axis. 1857 13 Feb. 189/1 When the loads became heavy enough to require a waggon on four wheels,..this necessitated the revolution of each wheel on an axle-arm. 1897 2/1 The revolution of a driving-wheel produces no effect upon the driven wheel. 1917 R. Cutler xxiv. 310 Her nervous fingers moved a button..in endless revolution. 1931 H. S. Williams 120 The blades barely dipped into the stream at the lower part of their revolution. 1996 10 121 We are usually no more aware of it than the steady revolution of the fan belt in a car we are riding in. 1640 Bp. J. Wilkins (new ed.) ii. viii. 142 The revolution of our Earth vpon it's owne Axis, in the space of foure and twenty houres. 1715 W. Derham vi. ii. 144 The distance of Jupiter's Outermost Satellite being 25.3 Semidiameters of Jupiter, and it's Period 16 days, 16 hours, 32 minutes..and Jupiter's Revolution 596 minutes, we shall find [etc.]. 1734 tr. P. L. M. de Maupertuis Diss. Cœlestial Bodies 51 in J. Keill (ed. 2) The Diameter of the Equator would infinitely exceed the Axis of Revolution. 1836 W. M. Higgins i. 28 Apparent motion of the stars may either arise from some proper motion..or from a revolution of the earth on its own axis. 1882 G. M. Minchin i. 37 A lunar day (i.e., the time taken by the moon to perform a complete revolution about its axis) is equal in length to a lunar month. 1920 H. T. Bray (ed. 3) vii. 97 It is known to all that the earth has a daily revolution on its axis. 2003 14 Oct. 19/1 It takes Mars 24·7 hours to complete one revolution on its axis. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > a revolution or rotation 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins i. xx143 One revolution of the first wheel, will turn the nut. 1678 J. Moxon I. iii. 45 Before a revolution of the wheel be performed, it would go off from the length of the Teeth of the Nut. 1706 (new ed.) at Rota Aristotelica A Wheel..moving..till it has made one entire Revolution. ?1790 J. Imison (ed. 2) 30 The number of revolutions a millstone 4½ feet diameter ought to have in a minute. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ 488 The pinion will make 10 revolutions while the wheel performs one. 1879 J. W. Boddam-Whetham xii. 129 A delicious cold drink..lashed into foam by the revolutions of a peculiar instrument called the ‘swizzle-stick’. 1915 June 697/1 The propellers have a speed of about 500 revolutions per minute. 1968 78 345 The mirror is then driven at the rate of one revolution every 48 hours. 1995 V. Chandra (1996) 1 The slowly revolving ceiling fan..picked up dust with each revolution through the hot air. the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > [noun] > rotation as a wheel > an act of 1835 24 Jan. 274/2 She was enabled to keep even pace with the Lightning, whenever the revolutions of her engines reached 23. 1869 12 488 Whenever the Commander-in-Chief made the signal ‘full speed’, his second would cause the engines of the vessel to be put to 56 revolutions. 1917 ‘Contact’ 72 The needle on the rev.-counter quivered to the left as the revolutions dropped, and the engine missed on first one, then two cylinders. 1936 July 48/1 In a new ultra-centrifuge, a dime weighs 1,025 pounds when a speed of several thousands of revolutions has been reached. 2000 (Inst. Adv. Motorists) Summer 10/2 I have become accustomed to exploiting the strong pulling power of diesels at low revolutions. 1684 F. M. van Helmont 55 Some then living, when Christ rose from the Dead, were in their last Revolution, others in their eleventh, others in their tenth, &c. and so every succeeding hour, or time of living, was to be unto many of them most certainly their twelfth and last. 1694 J. Hall 18 How is it possible for Nero who destroy'd the Christians by more than a Hundred kind of Deaths, to suffer Death in so many kinds himself, tho' we should with Helmont grant him Twelve Revolutions? 1696 G. Keith 30 As for their suggestion of my holding the Revolution of Humane Souls, in pag. 31. and more particularly in pag. 3. of G. Whitehead's Postscript, who calls it my Notion of Twelve Revolutions of Humane Souls, they have rendred themselves so foolishly impertinent as well as malicious, thinking thereby to cast a great Odium upon me, for holding such an odd Opinion. 1726 R. Millar (ed. 2) II. vii. 218 The..Notion of Transmigration, and various Revolutions of Souls, makes one of the strongest Prejudices against the Christian Religion. 1892 H. P. Blavatsky 271 From this Knorr von Rosenroth has taken the Book on the Rashith ha Gilgalim, revolutions of souls, or scheme of reincarnations. 2004 M. Goldish ii. 50 Rabbi Isaac Luria..stressed..conceptions of exile, redemption, and the revolutions of the human soul. II. Change, upheaval. 7. the world > time > change > [noun] a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4366 It is of love as of fortune..For it is I that am come down Thurgh change and Reuolucoun. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Fabula Duorum Mercatorum (Harl.) 592 in (1934) ii. 506 (MED) I weepe..For to beholde the revolucioun Of thy degree and transmutacioun. ?1530 R. Bacon sig. C1 The water of sauge..is good vnto the Reuolucion of the gommes, and of the paine of the teth. 1604 W. Shakespeare v. i. 88 Heere's fine reuolution and we had the tricke to see't. View more context for this quotation 1611 C. Tourneur (new ed.) i. sig. B1 Obseru'st thou not the very selfe same course Of reuolution both in Man and Beast? a1704 T. Brown 1st Satyr Persius Imitated in (1707) I. i. 75 For thus, Sir, Modern Revolution Has split the Wits, t' avoid Confusion. a1718 W. Penn Maxims in (1726) I. 841 Being, as to our Bodies, composed of Changeable Elements we, with the World, are made up of and subsist by Revolution. 1828 Oct. 517 The language of Britain, which had undergone so much revolution, seemed in the time of Chaucer to have gained little consistency in orthography. 1872 H. Merivale in H. B. Edwardes & H. Merivale II. xv. 132 Since that time much variation and much revolution of feeling has taken place as to the general policy of annexation. 1914 14 14 The eleventh century brought a revival of light and an era of great revolution in society. 1990 M. Anderson p. xxi. This is a time of profound revolution. Perhaps the great underlying mystery in all of this is: How did it happen? the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > [noun] a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) i. 4552 (MED) Pryncis, Pryncessis, seeth how deceptoire Been alle these worldli reuoluciouns. c1450 J. Lydgate (Sloane 2464) 1196 (MED) He knewh..of Elementys the Revoluciouns, Chaung of tymes and Complexiouns. 1572 G. Fenton tr. E. Pasquier i. f.12 We haue seene in example most mightie Monarchies by an enterchaunge and reuolution of thinges, to be translated from one people to another. 1617 F. Moryson ii. 188 We haue vpon euery important reuolution of our businesse dispatched vnto your Lordships both our estate and desires. 1663 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto (new ed.) lii. 206 Whereby one may see, how great the revolutions of time and fortune are. 1685 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 445 I chanc'd to passe..just as Execution was doing on him [sc. Oates]: A strange revolution. 1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde 104 There's a general Revolution in his Temper, he's grown haughty. 1751 S. Johnson No. 92. ⁋3 The changes which the mind of man has suffered from the various revolutions of knowledge. 1830 C. Lyell I. 461 He must feel at once convinced that, in the interval of ten centuries, a great revolution in the language had taken place. 1863 J. A. Froude VIII. 425 A vast intellectual revolution, of which the religious reformation was rather a sign than a cause. 1870 J. Yeats 3 This one material has been the main cause of a complete revolution in our national industry. 1901 226/2 The Code for 1900 created a revolution in the method by which grants had been paid to schools. 1949 A. Koestler 387 The reconquest of ‘naiveness’ is one of the periodic revolutions in painting. 1976 R. Dawkins (1978) i. 1 The full implications of Darwin's revolution. 2005 Jan. 36/2 Maury itself..has undergone a bit of a revolution of its own in the past couple of years. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [noun] > orogenesis 1795 J. Hutton I. i. 35 That part of the earth which has been commonly considered as passive and inert, but which will be found extremely active, and the source of mighty revolutions in the fate of land. 1802 J. Playfair 2 The earth has been the theatre of many great revolutions, and..nothing on its surface has been exempted from their effects. 1845 C. Lyell I. iv. 99 The physical revolutions of the territory at present under consideration. 1863 J. D. Dana iii. iv. 403 A change of great magnitude began, which involved the Appalachian region with the continental border adjoining, and well merits the title of Appalachian revolution. 1899 24 Mar. 441/2 The crystalline rocks consolidated below the surface have played an important part in bringing about the Cordilleran revolution. 1932 L. C. Snider iii. 66 Environments of living things change very rapidly during such episodes, and as a result the faunas and floras before a revolution are quite different from those after it. 2005 J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson ii. 10 With the great mountain-building movements of the Laramide revolution..much of the old swamp and lakeland was drained. 8. 1521 T. More Let. 21 Sept. in H. Ellis 2nd Ser. (1827) I. 290 The archbishop of Saint Andrewis putteth all his possible power..to rere broilerie, warre, and revolution in the Realme. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau f. 88v Of al the kingdoms of the earth, only this state of Naples hath exceeded in reuolution, mutation, persecution and losse of bloud. 1606 W. Leigh sig. D We might haue said indeed, that this yeare 1605 had beene a yeare of Reuolution. 1687 P. Rycaut To Reader That thou mayst ever bless God and thy King..without degenerating into Wantonness, or desire of Revolution. 1766 Nov. 684 I doubt they [sc. the American colonies] border on open rebellion; and..I fear they will lose that name to take that of revolution. 1794 E. Burke Pref. to Brissot's Addr. Constituents in (1808) VII. 313 All the essayists and novices of revolution in 1789, that could be found, were promiscuously put to death. a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III iii, in (?1840) 240/1 There is great talk of revolution—And a great chance of despotism. 1861 J. L. Motley in 23 May 9/2 British and American history is made up of rebellion and revolution. 1921 L. Strachey ii. 39 The blind tenacity of the reactionaries and the determined fury of their enemies could have no other issue but revolution. 1952 J. Lait & L. Mortimer ii. x. 76 A..conscienceless, native upstart who raised the inflammatory battle-cry of revolution. 1997 20 July 7/2 The fedayeen's son who rose to power through revolution. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] 1555 J. Wilkinson tr. L. de Avila y Cuñiga sig. L.iii v There myghte lyghtlye haue been some reuolucion in Vlme. 1588 J. de Frégeville 86 Cirus wrought great matters with smal power, but that came to passe because the same was the reuolution of the Babylonian Empire. 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio 175 Assuring those quarters from all reuolutions that might be feared. 1688 J. Evelyn (1955) IV. 609 The Popists in offices lay down their Commissions & flie:..it lookes like a Revolution. 1738 Visct. Bolingbroke ii. 39 King James's Male-administration rendered a Revolution necessary and practicable. 1776 E. Gibbon I. 281 The apprehensions of Saturninus were justified by the repeated experience of revolutions. 1820 Ld. Byron 16 Apr. (1977) VII. 77 To be sure Revolutions are not to be made with Rose-water—where there are foreigners as Masters. 1837 T. Carlyle I. v. vii. 279 ‘Sire,’ answered Liancourt. ‘It is not a revolt, it is a revolution.’ 1879 J. A. Froude xiii. 171 Revolutions are the last desperate remedy when all else has failed. 1902 10 July 3/3 Those funny little tin revolutions effected by the South American States. 1949 M. Cranston v. 54 To have one's money in a Swiss bank is to have it somewhere secure against wars and revolutions. 2008 20 Jan. 33/2 The Ceausescu era, which ended..in the last and least velvety of the revolutions of that year. society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages 1850 H. Macfarlane tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Communist Manifesto in 16 Nov. 171/3 The more or less concealed Civil War pervading existing Society..must break forth in an open Revolution [Ger. Revolution]. 1889 G. B. Shaw 186 Numbers of young men..studied Karl Marx; and were so convinced.., that the Revolution was fixed for 1889. 1920 B. Russell ii. 32 The Third International is an organization which exists to promote the class-war and to hasten the advent of revolution everywhere. 1934 tr. J. Stalin (ed. 10) iii. 41 The skilful hand of Lenin was needed..to bring out Marx's idea of the uninterrupted revolution in its pure form. 1937 E. H. Carr iii. 73 The duty of every good Communist was to spread throughout the world the same revolution which had been successful in Russia. 1955 17 557 As early as 1904..Lenin was already proposing for Russia his policy of ‘continuous revolution’. 1975 8 iv. 9 Lin Piao's..fallacy was to vainly attempt to use the productivity-first viewpoint as a weapon to oppose the continuing revolution. 1978 464/2 Lenin..thought that the revolution would pass first through the ‘bourgeois’ and then through the ‘socialist’ stage in his scheme of ‘uninterrupted’ revolution. 1994 19 Mar. d6/1 There's a clenched-fist, working-class spirit to her drawing. She's for the revolution. 9. Chiefly with the and capital initial. Any of a number of historical revolutions (sense 8b). society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions > in England in 1688 1689 E. Bohun Preface To Rdr. sig. A3 Representing..the present State of Affairs at home and abroad, when the Revolution began. 1710 R. Steele No. 208. ⁋8 Disputing with him about something that happened at the Revolution. 1790 E. Burke 23 If ever there was a time favourable for establishing the principle, that a king of popular choice was the only legal king,..it was at the Revolution . View more context for this quotation 1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Aug. 326 The principles of the Revolution have often been grossly misrepresented. 1855 T. B. Macaulay III. xi. 15 The Revolution had..placed England in a situation in which the services of a great minister for foreign affairs were indispensable. 1904 J. Brown vii. 128 The great merit of the Revolution is that it did that which must be done if a nation is to have stable government. 1966 23 19 The neo-Whigs have attempted to redress..an unfair neo-Tory bias of previous explanations of the Revolution. 1992 R. L. Greaves p. vii The geographical range of radical activity in all three kingdoms from the Restoration to the Revolution. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions > in England in 1660 1704 III. xi. 184 Many of these excluded Members..forbore coming any more to the House for many years; some, not before the Revolution. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions 1783 R. Price Let. 6 Oct. in (1991) II. 198 A more important revolution scarcely ever took place among mankind... America has made a noble stand against tyranny, and exhibited a bright example to the world.] 1784 R. Price Let. 6 Apr. in (1991) II. 215 I look upon the Revolution there [i.e. in America] as one of the most important events in the History of the world. 1797 XVIII. 928/1 Since the revolution the literature of the State [of New York] has engaged the attention of the legislature. 1833 I. 112/1 Samuel Adams was one of the firmest and most active patriots of the Revolution. 1882 XIV. 201/1 This lad..presented himself to the Congress of the Revolution, then sitting in Philadelphia. 1925 May 73/2 They questioned the legality of the colonial position preceding the Revolution. 1959 J. B. Blake vii. 126 The chief public health problem during and immediately after the Revolution was smallpox. 2006 18 May 15/5 The ship was used to transport Hessian mercenaries to America at the start of the Revolution. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions 1789 R. Price Let. 28 July in (1994) III. 238 The Revolution now establish'd in France must be an event unspeakably pleasing to the united American states. It is there this glorious Revolution has originated.] 1790 Pref. p. i They will..be enabled to trace..the steps which have led to the late astonishing Revolution. 1801 Suppl. II. 404/1 In all the turbulent days of the revolution, the women of Paris have never failed to act a conspicuous part. 1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in vi. 240 The Revolution entitled..every horse-boy and powder-monkey in the army, to look on Napoleon, as flesh of his flesh. 1899 8 May 8/2 From 1750 to the Revolution, Anglo-mania in France was fostered by Franco-mania in England. 1923 W. S. Davis x. 166 Down to the verge of the Revolution the chief hangman of the capital of France was ‘Monsieur Paris’. 1958 27 June 366/2 For him [sc. Péguy] the Revolution and the Christian religion were in origin and in essence both..profoundly true. 2001 C. Coker i. 9 What was truly revolutionary was not the revolution so much as the revolutionary wars which followed in its wake. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions 1917 13 Nov. 6/2 The Bolsheviks have dropped their offensive attitude, considering themselves now in the position of organizers of the defence of the Revolution. 1918 C. E. Russell ii. 95 After the Revolution everybody in Russia was ‘tavarisch’. 1959 P. Wiles tr. Schakovskoy x. 107 Another young relative, born after the Revolution, became emotionally involved with a Soviet intellectual. 1978 J. Molyneux iii. 58 During the rise of the revolution, the Mensheviks were in large part swept along by events. 2004 2 Mar. 23/1 It was the product of an extraordinary period of experiment in the visual arts in Russia following the Revolution. †III. Consideration, reflection. 10. the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > discussion c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. 6638 (MED) Swiche wilful hast wer good to be þoȝt Of vs..And wel decut by reuolucioun Of þingkyng ofte. ?1456 H. Windsor in (2004) II. 144 I pray you..bring not the matier in reuolucion in the opon courte. 1465 J. Daubeney in (2004) II. 349 Thys is leke to come in revelicion but yf ther be gret labore mad to-morowe be tymys. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 10167 (MED) Whan he [sc. the body] may..knowe That thow..Woldest on the hyl aryse, Wyth sondry reuoluciouns Off dyuers temptaciouns He travayleth..Lowe to holde the. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy (1901) I. ii. xxiv. 228 The thing..be revolution of diuers tretyis was differrit to þe begynnyng of þe nixt ȝere. 1556 M. Huggarde (new ed.) f. 9 The reuolution of the happy tyme past dothe inculcate a merueilous sorowe and greife. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. D1v, in (rev. ed.) In the reuolution of the same, you also do graunt, that in all his behauiour you neuer saw so much as one suspect. a1610 J. Healey tr. Cebes' Table in tr. Epictetus (1636) 160 To which ende you must continue an often reuolution thereof in your meditation. 1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. ii, in I. 236 Answerable to any hourely, or half-hourely, change in his mistris reuolution. 1791 R. Orme in J. Boswell anno 1775 I. 450 Thoughts, which, by long revolution in the great mind of Johnson, have been formed and polished like pebbles rolled in the ocean. the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > idea, notion, or concept > [noun] 1675 R. Burthogge 23 A Revolution and Hypothesis to which the Origenium is so like, that I believe it a Daughter. Phrases1850 E. C. M. Ponsonby I. x. 137 Look at this drawing, and tell me if there was ever yet in the world such a master as I am. When the revolution comes, there is no doubt what my vocation will be. 1937 11 Apr. ii. 3/2 That's the trouble with some of you people... You never appreciate what the government does for you. Come the revolution, he'll drink government rum and like it! 1963 16 May 9 You'd better be nice to me now, and I'll put in a good word for you when the revolution comes. 1996 29 Jan. 44 You send a rude note to your congress 'bot in which you suggest that the IRS and your cable company should be the first to be shot when the revolution comes. 2009 (Nexis) 15 Oct. 34 Come the revolution, these are the ones who first go up against the wall. Compounds1704 W. Nicolson Diary 10 Dec. in (1985) 248 The Letters written into Scotland..which influenced the Revolution-Party to come into the Measures of the Act of Security. ?1710 1 A Britain born, a Protestant Astrologer, a Man of Revolution-Principles. 1738 Sept. 485/2 Those Nominal Whigs, whose Principles destroy the old Revolution-Whiggism. 1756 W. Toldervy II. 145 I..put a revolution crown into his hand. 1827 H. Hallam II. xiv. 437 The liberal principles..were necessarily involved in the continuance of the revolution settlement. 1898 E. J. Payne II. 295 The Tories who supported the Hanoverian succession..called themselves ‘Revolution Tories’. 1909 24 595 Mr. Temperly writes on the history of the Revolution and the Revolution settlement. 2000 43 402 Revolution tories indeed defended the Eikon as a support of William's kingship. C2. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > [noun] > instrument for testing > for measuring effectiveness, rotation, etc. 1855 in (1856) 56 The revolution counter..and such like traps (all of which serve some good purpose) do not contribute to the better working of the engine. 1894 30 May 483/1 May's revolution counter... The longer hand indicates the units and tens of revolution and the smaller the hundreds. 1931 16 Jan. 49/1 The revolution counters and oil-thermometers for the outboard engines are mounted on their respective power-eggs. 2004 (Nexis) 16 Mar. 13 You will notice we have no revolution counter on the dashboard. Instead we have the power reserve gauge. 1869 E. A. Inglefield in 12 489 To prevent the probability of a similar occurrence, I constructed a revolution indicator... Thus there was constantly presented to the eye of the Officer on deck..a distinct signal, showing the number of revolutions at which the engines were working. 1922 14 754/3 They can now supply..revolution indicators..air sextants, [etc.]. 2005 J. A. Barber iii. 52 When a specific speed is desired, the exact number of revolutions to be made [per minute] is indicated on the revolution indicator. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). revolutionv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: revolution n. Etymology: < revolution n. Compare French révolutionner (1789 in political contexts, 1794 in more general uses). Compare earlier revolutionize v. the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > cause sudden or complete change [verb (transitive)] 1805 R. Southey in J. W. Robberds (1843) II. 117 It would not grieve me to see the Austrian dominions revolutioned. 1832 803/1 England was revolutioned and all things turned topsy-turvy. 1904 14 304 Such was the traffic that revolutioned Africa. 1955 A. West ii. 121 All that country has been marched through, fought over, and revolutioned, and counter-revolutioned, over three or four times. 1997 25 23 The widespread use of a fairly developed iron technology from c. 200 b.c...revolutioned this process. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1393 v.1805 |
