Etymology: < restore v.¹ In sense 1 probably after post-classical Latin restaurum compensation (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) or its apparent model Anglo-Norman restour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French restor restoration (second half of the 12th cent. in Old French), compensation (c1220 in Old French). Compare restaurance n., restauration n.¹, restorance n., restoring n. In sense 2 independently re-formed in the 20th cent.Compare Spanish restauro (14th cent.), Italian ristoro (early 13th cent.), restauro (second half of the 13th cent.). Compare also Dutch (now regional: West Flanders) restoor compensation (1532), restitution (1546; already in Middle Dutch in sense ‘donation to a charity’), Middle Low German restōr compensation ( < Dutch).

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French restorer (French †restorer , now restaurer : see note below) to bring (a person or part of a person's body) back to health (second half of the 10th cent. as restaurar ), to repair, rebuild (a building, town, work of art, etc.) (c1140 with specific reference to a destroyed town, 1676 with specific reference to a work of art), to bring (a regulation, custom, etc.) back into use (c1155), to give back strength to (a person) by nourishment (1216; rare before late 15th cent.), to make amends for, to compensate or make good (an offence, injury, damage) (c1230 or earlier), to recompense or compensate (a person) (1278), to give back or return (something previously taken away or lost) (1284), to grant to or obtain for (a person) reinstatement to former rank, office, or possessions (a1377 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in restorer a , restorer en ), to bring back (a person or thing) to a previous, original, or normal condition (a1380 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in restorer a ), to restock (1422 (in the passage translated in quot. a1500 at sense 9) or earlier, in restorer de ) < classical Latin restaurāre to restore, rebuild, re-establish, renew, in post-classical Latin also to give back (6th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), to make good (8th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), to restock (from 1086 in British sources), (of medicine) to restore health, life, or vigour (a1250 in Bartholomaeus Anglicus, or earlier; compare quot. a1398 at restoring adj.), to set or reduce (a fractured bone or dislocation) (1363 in Chauliac, or earlier) < re- re- prefix + -staurāre (in īnstaurāre instore v.), on the model of restituere restitue v. beside īnstituere institute v. The English verb was also influenced semantically by the Latin verb. Compare later restaur v.In sense 7c originally after either Italian ristaurar (1577 or earlier in this sense) or Portuguese restaurar (1551 or earlier in this sense), both in this sense in the passage translated in quot. 1582 at sense 7c, used reflexively. In Old French, Middle French, and 17th-cent. modern French, the form †restorer varies with the now current form restaurer . The former is attested from c1140 to the late 17th cent.; it shows regular monophthongization of au . The latter shows remodelling after the classical Latin etymon, and is attested continuously from the second half of the 12th cent. onwards (although compare earlier Old French restaurar , second half of the 10th cent.). Compare Old Occitan restaurar (end of the 12th cent.), Catalan restaurar (13th cent.), Spanish restaurar (13th cent.), Portuguese restaurar (1333; also †restoyrar and (with dissimilation of consonants) †restolar , both in 14th cent.), and (with semantic differentiation) Italian ristorare to refresh, reinvigorate (13th cent.), restaurare to renovate, repair (a building, work of art, etc.) (14th cent.; also †ristaurare ); also (largely via French) Middle Dutch restauwereeren , restoreeren (Dutch restaureren ), Middle Dutch, Dutch †restoren , German restaurieren (first half of the 16th cent. with reference to changes in society (as brought about e.g. by the Reformation), mid 17th cent. with reference to repairing or renovating a building or work of art (this is now the usual sense)), Swedish restaurera (1546). The form restare in quot. c1380 at sense 2 perhaps shows alteration for the purposes of rhyme (the word rhymes with fare v.¹, thare , variant of there adv., and spare v.¹), perhaps by analogy with e.g. stane , northern variant of stone n.