responsumn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈspɒnsəm/, U.S.

/rəˈspɑnsəm/,

/riˈspɑnsəm/

Inflections: Plural responsa.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from German. Etymons: Latin respōnsum; German Responsum.

Etymology: Ultimately < classical Latin respōnsum answer given by a jurisconsult to a legal query (see response n.), probably via German Responsum (1847 or earlier in the specific Jewish sense; 1690 or earlier in a Christian theological context, denoting a theological essay written in answer to a query; 1614 or earlier in Responsum iuris in general legal sense).The post-biblical Hebrew technical term for rabbinic responsa is šĕ'ēlōṯ u-tĕšūḇōṯ (plural), literally ‘questions and answers’ < šĕ'ēlōṯ, plural of biblical Hebrew šĕ'ēlāh request, petition, thing asked for, in post-biblical Hebrew also question, problem ( < šā'al to ask, request, petition) + u and + tĕšūḇōṯ, plural of biblical Hebrew tĕšūḇāh reply, answer (ultimately < šōb to turn back, return).

1. An answer or response; (Roman Law) a reply given by a jurisconsult in answer to a legal query.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response

answerOE

response?a1400

replication1414

recorda1450

responsal?a1475

responsion?a1475

repliquec1475

responsivec1487

replyal1548

replica?1552

reply1560

avoure1596

interlocution1597

respond1600

responsum1610

returna1616

respondency1617

reasona1635

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response > in particular circumstances

answereOE

rescript1531

counterblast1567

responsum1610

return1640

responsum1857

reader-response1923

1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God x. xi. 376 Porphyry directly affirmed that all such spirits..were euill Dæmones, and liers: and consequently so were all his gods to whom he diuideth sacrifices in his Responsa.

1777 Gibbons's Mourning Saint among Willows (rev. ed.) xxv. 38 All my senses were quick and lively to apprehend some chiming word: my powers all obedient to the kind responsum.

1806 tr. A. von Kotzebue Trav. through Italy 1804–5 III. 53 This volume likewise comprehends many judicial responsa.

1867 F. Tomkins Inst. Rom. Law i. i. 85 Augustus..as princeps ordained that the responsa should be made in writing, and that they should be handed in to the tribunal sealed.

1921 Harvard Law Rev. 34 812 They sought to find common points of view in the mass of collected or traditional responsa, formulae of actions and forms for legal transactions.

2003 H. Flegal tr. S. W. Rasmussen Public Portents in Republican Rome vi. 247 Fabius Pictor returned to Rome with a responsum from the Delphic Oracle, which he translated from the Greek.

2. Judaism. A written reply by a rabbi or Talmudic scholar to an inquiry on some matter of Jewish law.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response > in particular circumstances

answereOE

rescript1531

counterblast1567

responsum1610

return1640

responsum1857

reader-response1923

1857 W. Spottiswoode tr. M. Steinschneider Jewish Lit. iii. xxv. 214 David Oppenheimer, a Rabbi of Prague,..whose pamphlet, written in the form of a Responsum..is almost unknown.

1896 S. Schechter Stud. Judaism 1st Ser. xi. 330 The greatest part of the literary activity of the Gaonim consists in their Responsa, in which they gave decisions on ritual questions, or explanations of difficult passages in the Talmud.

1932 C. Roth Hist. Marranos viii. 201 The responsa of the Levantine rabbis of the period are filled with discussions relating to the position of the Marranos in Jewish law.

1962 B.-Z. Abrahams tr. Glückel of Hameln Life iii. 66 Good Rabbi Asher..wrote a great responsum in my husband's favour.

1977 N.Y. Times 11 Jan. 30/1 Responsa..are fundamental in the evolution of Jewish law. Altogether, there are approximately 500,000 responsa written by 5,000 different authorities.

1992 S. Heilman Defenders of Faith xvii. 267 He answered in a strictly legalistic way, citing chapter and verse of a responsum by a famous rabbi.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	responsum
释义	responsumn. Brit. /rᵻˈspɒnsəm/, U.S. /rəˈspɑnsəm/, /riˈspɑnsəm/ Inflections: Plural responsa. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from German. Etymons: Latin respōnsum; German Responsum. Etymology: Ultimately < classical Latin respōnsum answer given by a jurisconsult to a legal query (see response n.), probably via German Responsum (1847 or earlier in the specific Jewish sense; 1690 or earlier in a Christian theological context, denoting a theological essay written in answer to a query; 1614 or earlier in Responsum iuris in general legal sense).The post-biblical Hebrew technical term for rabbinic responsa is šĕ'ēlōṯ u-tĕšūḇōṯ (plural), literally ‘questions and answers’ < šĕ'ēlōṯ, plural of biblical Hebrew šĕ'ēlāh request, petition, thing asked for, in post-biblical Hebrew also question, problem ( < šā'al to ask, request, petition) + u and + tĕšūḇōṯ, plural of biblical Hebrew tĕšūḇāh reply, answer (ultimately < šōb to turn back, return). 1. An answer or response; (Roman Law) a reply given by a jurisconsult in answer to a legal query. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response answerOE response?a1400 replication1414 recorda1450 responsal?a1475 responsion?a1475 repliquec1475 responsivec1487 replyal1548 replica?1552 reply1560 avoure1596 interlocution1597 respond1600 responsum1610 returna1616 respondency1617 reasona1635 the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response > in particular circumstances answereOE rescript1531 counterblast1567 responsum1610 return1640 responsum1857 reader-response1923 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God x. xi. 376 Porphyry directly affirmed that all such spirits..were euill Dæmones, and liers: and consequently so were all his gods to whom he diuideth sacrifices in his Responsa. 1777 Gibbons's Mourning Saint among Willows (rev. ed.) xxv. 38 All my senses were quick and lively to apprehend some chiming word: my powers all obedient to the kind responsum. 1806 tr. A. von Kotzebue Trav. through Italy 1804–5 III. 53 This volume likewise comprehends many judicial responsa. 1867 F. Tomkins Inst. Rom. Law i. i. 85 Augustus..as princeps ordained that the responsa should be made in writing, and that they should be handed in to the tribunal sealed. 1921 Harvard Law Rev. 34 812 They sought to find common points of view in the mass of collected or traditional responsa, formulae of actions and forms for legal transactions. 2003 H. Flegal tr. S. W. Rasmussen Public Portents in Republican Rome vi. 247 Fabius Pictor returned to Rome with a responsum from the Delphic Oracle, which he translated from the Greek. 2. Judaism. A written reply by a rabbi or Talmudic scholar to an inquiry on some matter of Jewish law. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > an answer, response > in particular circumstances answereOE rescript1531 counterblast1567 responsum1610 return1640 responsum1857 reader-response1923 1857 W. Spottiswoode tr. M. Steinschneider Jewish Lit. iii. xxv. 214 David Oppenheimer, a Rabbi of Prague,..whose pamphlet, written in the form of a Responsum..is almost unknown. 1896 S. Schechter Stud. Judaism 1st Ser. xi. 330 The greatest part of the literary activity of the Gaonim consists in their Responsa, in which they gave decisions on ritual questions, or explanations of difficult passages in the Talmud. 1932 C. Roth Hist. Marranos viii. 201 The responsa of the Levantine rabbis of the period are filled with discussions relating to the position of the Marranos in Jewish law. 1962 B.-Z. Abrahams tr. Glückel of Hameln Life iii. 66 Good Rabbi Asher..wrote a great responsum in my husband's favour. 1977 N.Y. Times 11 Jan. 30/1 Responsa..are fundamental in the evolution of Jewish law. Altogether, there are approximately 500,000 responsa written by 5,000 different authorities. 1992 S. Heilman Defenders of Faith xvii. 267 He answered in a strictly legalistic way, citing chapter and verse of a responsum by a famous rabbi. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1610
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