respondern.

Brit.

/rᵻˈspɒndə/, U.S.

/rəˈspɑndər/,

/riˈspɑndər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: respond v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < respond v. + -er suffix¹. Compare French répondeur person who responds (12th cent. in Old French).With sense 1 compare earlier respond n. 2 and respoun n. 3 and discussion at those entries. The form responder in quot. 1822 at sense 1 (and perhaps in other uses at sense 1) apparently ultimately results from responders occurring apparently as a misreading of Middle English respondes (plural of respond n. 2) in J. Nichols & R. Gough Coll. Wills Kings & Queens Eng. (1780) 296; respondes occurs earlier in the same document as edited by Nichols and Gough, and the same text (perhaps from a different witness) as edited in L. F. Salzman Building in England (1992) 523 has respondes in both places.

1. Architecture. = respond n. 2. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > pillar > [noun] > others

respoun1428

respond1448

twisted pillar1717

drum1805

responder1822

bundle pillar1842

Osiride pillar1850

trumeau1890

1822 E. J. Willson Gloss. Gothic Archit. 11 in A. Pugin Specimens Gothic Archit. (1823) II. Respond, Responder, Respound, a half column or pilaster attached to a wall, and responding to another, or to a pillar opposite to it.

1854 J. Weale Pict. Handbk. London 136 The outer corners of these six squares form twelve equidistant points in the external circular wall; these are occupied by ‘responders’, or wall-pillars.

1958 C. Harris tr. R. Schwarz Church Incarnate 9 What a ‘spire’ is and proclaims, the procession of ‘pillars’ and ‘arches’, the crowd of ‘pinnacles’ and ‘responders’—these are valid for all times.

a. A person who responds or replies; a respondent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > person answering

replierc1454

respondent1528

answerer1551

repliant1594

replicant1626

responser1791

responder1825

replyist1852

1825 R. Mudie Babylon the Great I. xiii. 258 Sir William, whom I heard as responder to the Common Serjeant.

1879 Daily News 19 Sept. 2/1 A reference which was very gratefully recognised by one of the responders [to the toast].

1894 Forum Aug. 710 Imaginary responders were set up if there were no real ones.

1937 Rev. Educ. Res. 7 530 77 percent of the responders were of the opinion that the results of an activity program should be judged by observation of pupil activity, objective tests, and tests devised by the teacher.

1992 Spoken Eng. 25 26 Questioners need ‘thinking time’ to formulate questions and responders..need ‘wait time’ before replying.

b. Bridge. The partner of the opening bidder.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > player or players > type of bidder

declarer1905

underbidder1923

raiser1927

no-trumper1929

pre-emptor1931

responder1931

cue-bidder1932

overbidder1936

psychist1945

1931 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 10 Dec. 2/2 I dislike conventions that leave a partner in doubt as to what the responder holds.

1942 E. Culbertson et al. Official Bk. Contract Bridge xv. 187 The sign-off may be made even if the responder hold one Ace.

1976 Times 1 May 12/7 When there is opposition bidding the responder's duty is to show the strength of his hand.

2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 35/1 Since opener may have a heart suit responder is forced to bid Two Spades as a relay.

c. Medicine and Biology. An individual, cell, etc., that reacts to an applied stimulus or other input; spec. a person who responds (esp. favourably) to a mode of treatment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > stimulation > [noun] > that which responds to

reacter1890

reactor1890

responder1937

1937 Public Health 50 266/2 This treatment was repeated one week and two weeks later..and the result was that a group of poor responders became good ones.

1959 J. Clausen in J. O. Cole & R. W. Gerard Psychopharmacol. Probl. Eval. 617 We have enough data about characteristics of our subjects to distinguish certain common characteristics of responders and nonresponders.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 880/1 Placebo responders ascribe unwarranted benefits to inert non-therapeutic substances.

1973 Nature 30 Nov. 245/1 Cells were classified as either β⁺ or β⁻ (responders and non-responders to β-adrenergic stimulators).

1996 K. R. Jamison Unquiet Mind (1997) 190 I had no reason to be anything but direct about my extensive history of mania and depression, although I also made it clear that I was..a ‘good lithium responder’.

2005 G. Critser Generation Rx v. 248 It would be possible to genotype in trials who was a responder..and who was a nonresponder.

a. An apparatus or device that responds or reacts to some form of input.

ΚΠ

1897 Proc. Physical Soc. 16 60 Dr. Muirhead adapted a syphon-recorder to the purpose, because it is one of the quickest responders.

1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 p. xliii The conception of tri-colour vision due to Young..was then studied in a similar manner with a system of three-light pendulums, the effects of stimulus on these responders being photographically recorded.

1969 Sci. News 24 May 500 (advt.) Instantaneous and private communication between each student and the instructor through an electronic responder system closes the learning feedback system.

2004 E. Magaña et al. in M. Bubak et al. Computational Sci.—ICCS 2004 145 It involves an exchange of two messages..between the node, which initiates the handshake (poller), and the node, which responds (responder).

b. Radio. An early form of receiver similar to a coherer (coherer n.), using a liquid electrolyte instead of metal filings. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver

responder1900

set1915

receiver1930

1900 Electrician 5 Oct. 878/1 Prof. Bose has suggested 'molecular receiver' as a substitute for ‘coherer’..[but] there are other forms of ‘molecular receiver’ affected by radiation—a photographic plate, for example... What in the name clinches the apparatus as distinctly Hertzian?.. Response to radiation is the most universal characteristic of coherers of all classes. Might they not be termed ‘responders’?

1904 Electr. Rev. 3 Sept. 330 The principle of this receiver or ‘responder’, is based upon the fact that the Hertzian oscillations produce sudden electrolytic action in a cell containing certain electrodes and solutions.

1915 W. H. Eccles Wireless Telegr. & Teleph. 246 One type of electrolytic detector, now merely of historic interest... Of this type is..the ‘responder’ of de Forest and Smythe.

2004 R. Burns Communications xii. 329 The genesis of the triode valve..begins in 1900 when he [sc. de Forest] was working with Smythe on the responder.

c. A device for receiving a radio signal (typically from an interrogator) and automatically transmitting a different signal in response; a transponder. More fully responder beacon.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radar apparatus > transmitter that retransmits

satellite station1938

racon1945

responder beacon1945

transponder1945

1945 Nature 15 Sept. 323/2 The aircraft has a responder of constant and accurately known delay-time... ‘G-H’ and ‘Babs’..utilize coded responses sent back by a ground responder-beacon in reply to pulses from an airborne or shipborne interrogator.

1966 D. Taylor Introd. Radar iv. 45 A responder beacon..is a ‘repeater’, in the sense that it would retransmit after a very short time-interval any pulse signal received.

1977 Offshore Engineer Aug. 46/2 The responder acts as a transmitter/receiver, receiving electronic signals through an umbilical.

1996 T. Cawkell Multimedia Handbk. xv. 369 Beaming up signals to the source station via a satellite responder.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	responder
释义	respondern. Brit. /rᵻˈspɒndə/, U.S. /rəˈspɑndər/, /riˈspɑndər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: respond v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < respond v. + -er suffix¹. Compare French répondeur person who responds (12th cent. in Old French).With sense 1 compare earlier respond n. 2 and respoun n. 3 and discussion at those entries. The form responder in quot. 1822 at sense 1 (and perhaps in other uses at sense 1) apparently ultimately results from responders occurring apparently as a misreading of Middle English respondes (plural of respond n. 2) in J. Nichols & R. Gough Coll. Wills Kings & Queens Eng. (1780) 296; respondes occurs earlier in the same document as edited by Nichols and Gough, and the same text (perhaps from a different witness) as edited in L. F. Salzman Building in England (1992) 523 has respondes in both places. 1. Architecture. = respond n. 2. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > pillar > [noun] > others respoun1428 respond1448 twisted pillar1717 drum1805 responder1822 bundle pillar1842 Osiride pillar1850 trumeau1890 1822 E. J. Willson Gloss. Gothic Archit. 11 in A. Pugin Specimens Gothic Archit. (1823) II. Respond, Responder, Respound, a half column or pilaster attached to a wall, and responding to another, or to a pillar opposite to it. 1854 J. Weale Pict. Handbk. London 136 The outer corners of these six squares form twelve equidistant points in the external circular wall; these are occupied by ‘responders’, or wall-pillars. 1958 C. Harris tr. R. Schwarz Church Incarnate 9 What a ‘spire’ is and proclaims, the procession of ‘pillars’ and ‘arches’, the crowd of ‘pinnacles’ and ‘responders’—these are valid for all times. 2. a. A person who responds or replies; a respondent. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [noun] > person answering replierc1454 respondent1528 answerer1551 repliant1594 replicant1626 responser1791 responder1825 replyist1852 1825 R. Mudie Babylon the Great I. xiii. 258 Sir William, whom I heard as responder to the Common Serjeant. 1879 Daily News 19 Sept. 2/1 A reference which was very gratefully recognised by one of the responders [to the toast]. 1894 Forum Aug. 710 Imaginary responders were set up if there were no real ones. 1937 Rev. Educ. Res. 7 530 77 percent of the responders were of the opinion that the results of an activity program should be judged by observation of pupil activity, objective tests, and tests devised by the teacher. 1992 Spoken Eng. 25 26 Questioners need ‘thinking time’ to formulate questions and responders..need ‘wait time’ before replying. b. Bridge. The partner of the opening bidder. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > player or players > type of bidder declarer1905 underbidder1923 raiser1927 no-trumper1929 pre-emptor1931 responder1931 cue-bidder1932 overbidder1936 psychist1945 1931 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 10 Dec. 2/2 I dislike conventions that leave a partner in doubt as to what the responder holds. 1942 E. Culbertson et al. Official Bk. Contract Bridge xv. 187 The sign-off may be made even if the responder hold one Ace. 1976 Times 1 May 12/7 When there is opposition bidding the responder's duty is to show the strength of his hand. 2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 35/1 Since opener may have a heart suit responder is forced to bid Two Spades as a relay. c. Medicine and Biology. An individual, cell, etc., that reacts to an applied stimulus or other input; spec. a person who responds (esp. favourably) to a mode of treatment. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > stimulation > [noun] > that which responds to reacter1890 reactor1890 responder1937 1937 Public Health 50 266/2 This treatment was repeated one week and two weeks later..and the result was that a group of poor responders became good ones. 1959 J. Clausen in J. O. Cole & R. W. Gerard Psychopharmacol. Probl. Eval. 617 We have enough data about characteristics of our subjects to distinguish certain common characteristics of responders and nonresponders. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 880/1 Placebo responders ascribe unwarranted benefits to inert non-therapeutic substances. 1973 Nature 30 Nov. 245/1 Cells were classified as either β⁺ or β⁻ (responders and non-responders to β-adrenergic stimulators). 1996 K. R. Jamison Unquiet Mind (1997) 190 I had no reason to be anything but direct about my extensive history of mania and depression, although I also made it clear that I was..a ‘good lithium responder’. 2005 G. Critser Generation Rx v. 248 It would be possible to genotype in trials who was a responder..and who was a nonresponder. 3. a. An apparatus or device that responds or reacts to some form of input. ΚΠ 1897 Proc. Physical Soc. 16 60 Dr. Muirhead adapted a syphon-recorder to the purpose, because it is one of the quickest responders. 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 p. xliii The conception of tri-colour vision due to Young..was then studied in a similar manner with a system of three-light pendulums, the effects of stimulus on these responders being photographically recorded. 1969 Sci. News 24 May 500 (advt.) Instantaneous and private communication between each student and the instructor through an electronic responder system closes the learning feedback system. 2004 E. Magaña et al. in M. Bubak et al. Computational Sci.—ICCS 2004 145 It involves an exchange of two messages..between the node, which initiates the handshake (poller), and the node, which responds (responder). b. Radio. An early form of receiver similar to a coherer (coherer n.), using a liquid electrolyte instead of metal filings. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver responder1900 set1915 receiver1930 1900 Electrician 5 Oct. 878/1 Prof. Bose has suggested 'molecular receiver' as a substitute for ‘coherer’..[but] there are other forms of ‘molecular receiver’ affected by radiation—a photographic plate, for example... What in the name clinches the apparatus as distinctly Hertzian?.. Response to radiation is the most universal characteristic of coherers of all classes. Might they not be termed ‘responders’? 1904 Electr. Rev. 3 Sept. 330 The principle of this receiver or ‘responder’, is based upon the fact that the Hertzian oscillations produce sudden electrolytic action in a cell containing certain electrodes and solutions. 1915 W. H. Eccles Wireless Telegr. & Teleph. 246 One type of electrolytic detector, now merely of historic interest... Of this type is..the ‘responder’ of de Forest and Smythe. 2004 R. Burns Communications xii. 329 The genesis of the triode valve..begins in 1900 when he [sc. de Forest] was working with Smythe on the responder. c. A device for receiving a radio signal (typically from an interrogator) and automatically transmitting a different signal in response; a transponder. More fully responder beacon. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radar apparatus > transmitter that retransmits satellite station1938 racon1945 responder beacon1945 transponder1945 1945 Nature 15 Sept. 323/2 The aircraft has a responder of constant and accurately known delay-time... ‘G-H’ and ‘Babs’..utilize coded responses sent back by a ground responder-beacon in reply to pulses from an airborne or shipborne interrogator. 1966 D. Taylor Introd. Radar iv. 45 A responder beacon..is a ‘repeater’, in the sense that it would retransmit after a very short time-interval any pulse signal received. 1977 Offshore Engineer Aug. 46/2 The responder acts as a transmitter/receiver, receiving electronic signals through an umbilical. 1996 T. Cawkell Multimedia Handbk. xv. 369 Beaming up signals to the source station via a satellite responder. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1822
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