retreatingn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈtriːtɪŋ/, U.S.

/rəˈtridɪŋ/,

/riˈtridɪŋ/

Forms: see retreat v.¹ and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retreat v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < retreat v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

The action of retreat v.¹ (in various senses); an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > [noun] > execution of judgement > reprieve, remission, or release from penalty

releasing1395

retreatinga1450

relaxation1520

reprivation1583

reprievala1586

reprieve1594

remission1625

reprievement1633

remish1958

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > retiring, withdrawing, or retreating

recoilc1330

retreata1393

subtraction?a1425

back-drawing1535

retirement1536

retiring1548

retraict1550

recess1561

retire1570

retiral1611

subducing1633

retiration1637

withdrawment1640

retirance1662

retreating1664

retraction1684

retreatment1721

withdrawal1824

back-pedalling1950

a1450 De Oblacione Iugis Sacrificii (Titus) l. 3404 in Wks. Lollard Preacher (2001) 244 Also seint Austen writiþ þus vpon þis word Omnis enim qui dimittit vxorem suam et cetera ‘Þe ordenauncis of þe Lord ben to be kept wiþouten any retreting’.

1489 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 114/1 Tuiching þe retretting of ane act & decrett gevin apoun þe said robert.

1589 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 388 Divers utheris personis..hes obtenit certane pretendit retreitingis of the saidis sentenceis.

1639 Lawes & Ord. Warre 14 Their marching, retreating, or enquartering in or thorow any townes or countryes.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 109 To secure, by swift retreating, Themselves from Danger of worse beating.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 19 He justifies himself for his retreating to his House.

1765 R. Rogers Jrnls. (1883) 80 My Lord How did us the honour to accompany us, being fond..to learn our method of marching, ambushing, retreating, etc.

1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iii. 141 Such retreating and advancing As..was never seen In bloodiest battle.

1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 341/1 The increased range of ordnance and small-arms nowadays renders retreating still more precarious.

1904 J. A. Harvie-Brown & H. A. Macpherson Fauna North-west Highlands & Skye 50 The advances and retreatings of our fauna in the struggle against adverse circumstances.

1962 Listener 29 Mar. 549/2 The intolerable choice between retreating and using nuclear weapons.

2016 D. Frey Failure to Pursue i. 14 In the absence of units fortuitously located to head off or to block a retreating, mobility of horses would be needed to get ahead of a retreating army.

Compounds

General use as a modifier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [adjective] > affording refuge

retreatful?1624

retreating1639

1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre xxxi. 77 To make some Mine well planted with Powder, the Traine being drawne into your Reintrenchment or Retreating place; that so soone as the Enemy is entered: Fire may bee given and blow them up.

1659 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1901) IV. 289 In case you showld reseave anie foyle, your retreating place is lost.

1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 149 While the retreating horn Calls them to ghostly halls of grey renown.

1798 Compl. Drill Serjeant (ed. 2) 32 In retraiting, the only difference is, the front division fires on its own ground, without advancing.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto V cvii. 188 The lady..bade Baba retire, which he obey'd in style, As if well used to the retreating trade.

1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 341/1 To..overcome all obstacles incidental to a retreating march.

1908 T. Hardy Dynasts: Pt. 3rd iii. iii. 108 The retreating-way, Along which wambling waggons..Have crept in closening file.

1975 M. Patoski tr. A. I. Denikin Career of Tsarist Officer xxxi. 239 Brusilov customarily whisked the brigade into the ‘reserve command of the army’, so that two or three days later he could throw us again as relief into the scorching hell of battle,..or into the chaos of a retreating unit.

2008 M. Nelson 20 West v. 156 In 1868, he accepted this huge.., dry hunk of central Wyoming as his people's last retreating place.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retreatingadj.

Brit.

/rᵻˈtriːtɪŋ/, U.S.

/rəˈtridɪŋ/,

/riˈtridɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retreat v.¹, -ing suffix².

Etymology: < retreat v.¹ + -ing suffix².

1. That moves or draws back or further away; that withdraws; that falls back.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adjective] > retiring, withdrawing, or retreating

retiringc1595

withdrawing1611

back1633

retreating1643

recondite1835

recedent1849

1643 Pr. Rupert's Jrnl. 21 Sept. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) 13 735 The Prince beat the retreating Parliamentiers..3 miles from Newberrye.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 854 With clamor thence the rapid Currents drive Towards the retreating Sea thir furious tyde.

1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. vi. 27 Giving a stout hem! to rally back the retreating spirits,..the Corporal got as near the note as he could.

1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria I. 3 The retreating shadows of former sorrows rushed back in a gloomy train.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough xxiii. 325 Her trembling Joy appears,—Her forc'd Reserve and his retreating Fears.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. 279 Who were all..unwilling to attack the retreating enemy.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 239 The English..set them [sc. men-of-war] on fire, and..retreated at a late hour with the retreating tide.

1901 R. Kipling Kim xv. 410 A faint clop-clop of Mahbub's retreating feet.

1977 Daily Express 29 Mar. 32/4 The ‘reserves’ had an extra couple of players, in the form of the England coaching staff, to thicken a retreating defence still further.

1998 Independent 4 Mar. i. 13/1 [The] US First Infantry Division..swept up the highway to Safwan, shelling the retreating columns of the Iraqi Republican Guard.

a. Of a physical (esp. a facial) feature: sloping backwards, receding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective]

hollowa1250

holkedc1420

howea1500

deep-set1562

depressed1658

depressc1660

sunken1683

recessed1757

sunk1766

niche-like1841

retreating1878

sucken1878

1733 School of Miniature iii. 40 The tints..for the retreating Parts [of the body], and about the Eyes.

1792 H. Hunter tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy II. xi. 200 A retreating chin is not the absolute mark of a soft and effeminate character.

1825 U.S. Lit. Gaz. 1 May 109 Mr Canning (five feet eight or nine inches high, rather retreating forehead, nose long and slightly Roman).

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xi. 146 A protruding forehead, retreating eyes.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 230 Along these retreating hills Hannibal placed the main part of his army.

1901 G. W. Cable Cavalier xix He had a retreating chin, a throat-latch beard and a roving eye.

1914 H. Stuck Ten Thousand Miles with Dog Sled x. 305 At close range the peaks seem stunted and inconspicuous, their rounded, retreating slopes lacking strong lines and decided character.

1946 Nature 28 Sept. 428/1 Many of the skull characters are remarkably simian, including heavy projecting supra-orbital ridges, retreating forehead, marked platycephaly and massive jaws.

1991 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 17 Nov. 7/3 That turnipy nose overhanging a forward-gaping mouth and hastily retreating chin.

b. Chiefly Painting. Of a colour, a painted object, etc.: that appears to be more distant than another on the same plane; appearing to move back or away.

ΚΠ

1832 New Monthly Mag. 36 109/2 The general perspective, however, with the retreating objects in the distance.., render it a valuable work of art.

1867 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 227 ‘The gray’, or retreating tint, which is to all moderns a sort of painter's puzzle, was by the old painters got first by washing.

1906 E. I. Barrington tr. F. Leighton in Life, Lett. & Work F. Leighton II. i. 63 The drapery of the principal figure should be much darker, and that of the retreating figure much lighter.

1937 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 49 126 (heading) A note on ‘advancing and retreating’ colors.

1993 I. Lehtpere tr. H. Düchting Kandinsky (2000) 40 The black arch appears as..an image of violent struggle, in which the red forms represent one side and the retreating blue silhouette the other.

2005 S. Crabtree & P. Beudert Scenic Art for Theatre vi. 167/2 A retreating color is often a cool color but it may be any color that appears to recede from the picture plane.

Derivatives

reˈtreatingness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun]

recedence1641

retiring1730

retreatingness1845

1845 Prospective Rev. 1 259 The harmony of thought resembles that ever-continuing retreatingness of Nature.

1949 G. Cumberlege Chaucer vi. 74 But with all this retreatingness, she is inwardly drawn by his handsome mien.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retreating
释义	retreatingn. Brit. /rᵻˈtriːtɪŋ/, U.S. /rəˈtridɪŋ/, /riˈtridɪŋ/ Forms: see retreat v.¹ and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retreat v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < retreat v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. The action of retreat v.¹ (in various senses); an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > [noun] > execution of judgement > reprieve, remission, or release from penalty releasing1395 retreatinga1450 relaxation1520 reprivation1583 reprievala1586 reprieve1594 remission1625 reprievement1633 remish1958 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > retiring, withdrawing, or retreating recoilc1330 retreata1393 subtraction?a1425 back-drawing1535 retirement1536 retiring1548 retraict1550 recess1561 retire1570 retiral1611 subducing1633 retiration1637 withdrawment1640 retirance1662 retreating1664 retraction1684 retreatment1721 withdrawal1824 back-pedalling1950 a1450 De Oblacione Iugis Sacrificii (Titus) l. 3404 in Wks. Lollard Preacher (2001) 244 Also seint Austen writiþ þus vpon þis word Omnis enim qui dimittit vxorem suam et cetera ‘Þe ordenauncis of þe Lord ben to be kept wiþouten any retreting’. 1489 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 114/1 Tuiching þe retretting of ane act & decrett gevin apoun þe said robert. 1589 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 388 Divers utheris personis..hes obtenit certane pretendit retreitingis of the saidis sentenceis. 1639 Lawes & Ord. Warre 14 Their marching, retreating, or enquartering in or thorow any townes or countryes. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 109 To secure, by swift retreating, Themselves from Danger of worse beating. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 19 He justifies himself for his retreating to his House. 1765 R. Rogers Jrnls. (1883) 80 My Lord How did us the honour to accompany us, being fond..to learn our method of marching, ambushing, retreating, etc. 1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iii. 141 Such retreating and advancing As..was never seen In bloodiest battle. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 341/1 The increased range of ordnance and small-arms nowadays renders retreating still more precarious. 1904 J. A. Harvie-Brown & H. A. Macpherson Fauna North-west Highlands & Skye 50 The advances and retreatings of our fauna in the struggle against adverse circumstances. 1962 Listener 29 Mar. 549/2 The intolerable choice between retreating and using nuclear weapons. 2016 D. Frey Failure to Pursue i. 14 In the absence of units fortuitously located to head off or to block a retreating, mobility of horses would be needed to get ahead of a retreating army. Compounds General use as a modifier. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [adjective] > affording refuge retreatful?1624 retreating1639 1639 R. Ward Animadversions of Warre xxxi. 77 To make some Mine well planted with Powder, the Traine being drawne into your Reintrenchment or Retreating place; that so soone as the Enemy is entered: Fire may bee given and blow them up. 1659 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1901) IV. 289 In case you showld reseave anie foyle, your retreating place is lost. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 149 While the retreating horn Calls them to ghostly halls of grey renown. 1798 Compl. Drill Serjeant (ed. 2) 32 In retraiting, the only difference is, the front division fires on its own ground, without advancing. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto V cvii. 188 The lady..bade Baba retire, which he obey'd in style, As if well used to the retreating trade. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 341/1 To..overcome all obstacles incidental to a retreating march. 1908 T. Hardy Dynasts: Pt. 3rd iii. iii. 108 The retreating-way, Along which wambling waggons..Have crept in closening file. 1975 M. Patoski tr. A. I. Denikin Career of Tsarist Officer xxxi. 239 Brusilov customarily whisked the brigade into the ‘reserve command of the army’, so that two or three days later he could throw us again as relief into the scorching hell of battle,..or into the chaos of a retreating unit. 2008 M. Nelson 20 West v. 156 In 1868, he accepted this huge.., dry hunk of central Wyoming as his people's last retreating place. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). retreatingadj. Brit. /rᵻˈtriːtɪŋ/, U.S. /rəˈtridɪŋ/, /riˈtridɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: retreat v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < retreat v.¹ + -ing suffix². 1. That moves or draws back or further away; that withdraws; that falls back. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adjective] > retiring, withdrawing, or retreating retiringc1595 withdrawing1611 back1633 retreating1643 recondite1835 recedent1849 1643 Pr. Rupert's Jrnl. 21 Sept. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) 13 735 The Prince beat the retreating Parliamentiers..3 miles from Newberrye. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 854 With clamor thence the rapid Currents drive Towards the retreating Sea thir furious tyde. View more context for this quotation 1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. vi. 27 Giving a stout hem! to rally back the retreating spirits,..the Corporal got as near the note as he could. 1798 M. Wollstonecraft Maria I. 3 The retreating shadows of former sorrows rushed back in a gloomy train. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough xxiii. 325 Her trembling Joy appears,—Her forc'd Reserve and his retreating Fears. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. 279 Who were all..unwilling to attack the retreating enemy. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 239 The English..set them [sc. men-of-war] on fire, and..retreated at a late hour with the retreating tide. 1901 R. Kipling Kim xv. 410 A faint clop-clop of Mahbub's retreating feet. 1977 Daily Express 29 Mar. 32/4 The ‘reserves’ had an extra couple of players, in the form of the England coaching staff, to thicken a retreating defence still further. 1998 Independent 4 Mar. i. 13/1 [The] US First Infantry Division..swept up the highway to Safwan, shelling the retreating columns of the Iraqi Republican Guard. 2. a. Of a physical (esp. a facial) feature: sloping backwards, receding. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective] hollowa1250 holkedc1420 howea1500 deep-set1562 depressed1658 depressc1660 sunken1683 recessed1757 sunk1766 niche-like1841 retreating1878 sucken1878 1733 School of Miniature iii. 40 The tints..for the retreating Parts [of the body], and about the Eyes. 1792 H. Hunter tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy II. xi. 200 A retreating chin is not the absolute mark of a soft and effeminate character. 1825 U.S. Lit. Gaz. 1 May 109 Mr Canning (five feet eight or nine inches high, rather retreating forehead, nose long and slightly Roman). 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xi. 146 A protruding forehead, retreating eyes. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 230 Along these retreating hills Hannibal placed the main part of his army. 1901 G. W. Cable Cavalier xix He had a retreating chin, a throat-latch beard and a roving eye. 1914 H. Stuck Ten Thousand Miles with Dog Sled x. 305 At close range the peaks seem stunted and inconspicuous, their rounded, retreating slopes lacking strong lines and decided character. 1946 Nature 28 Sept. 428/1 Many of the skull characters are remarkably simian, including heavy projecting supra-orbital ridges, retreating forehead, marked platycephaly and massive jaws. 1991 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 17 Nov. 7/3 That turnipy nose overhanging a forward-gaping mouth and hastily retreating chin. b. Chiefly Painting. Of a colour, a painted object, etc.: that appears to be more distant than another on the same plane; appearing to move back or away. ΚΠ 1832 New Monthly Mag. 36 109/2 The general perspective, however, with the retreating objects in the distance.., render it a valuable work of art. 1867 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 227 ‘The gray’, or retreating tint, which is to all moderns a sort of painter's puzzle, was by the old painters got first by washing. 1906 E. I. Barrington tr. F. Leighton in Life, Lett. & Work F. Leighton II. i. 63 The drapery of the principal figure should be much darker, and that of the retreating figure much lighter. 1937 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 49 126 (heading) A note on ‘advancing and retreating’ colors. 1993 I. Lehtpere tr. H. Düchting Kandinsky (2000) 40 The black arch appears as..an image of violent struggle, in which the red forms represent one side and the retreating blue silhouette the other. 2005 S. Crabtree & P. Beudert Scenic Art for Theatre vi. 167/2 A retreating color is often a cool color but it may be any color that appears to recede from the picture plane. Derivatives reˈtreatingness n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] recedence1641 retiring1730 retreatingness1845 1845 Prospective Rev. 1 259 The harmony of thought resembles that ever-continuing retreatingness of Nature. 1949 G. Cumberlege Chaucer vi. 74 But with all this retreatingness, she is inwardly drawn by his handsome mien. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1450adj.1643
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