retreadn.

Brit.

/ˈriːtrɛd/, U.S.

/ˈriˌtrɛd/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: retread v.²

Etymology: < retread v.²

1. Originally U.S. The action or an act of retreading a tyre; a worn tyre provided with a new tread.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rubber or pneumatic tyre > types of

sidewall1901

non-skid1905

retread1909

remould1928

recap1929

knobbly1938

knobby1943

whitewall1950

slick1959

bias-ply1964

radial1964

cross-ply1965

snow1968

Pennsylvania cap1971

wet1977

1909 Motorcycle Illustr. 1 Aug. 53 (advt.) When the first tread is finally worn down the fabric will be found in perfect condition for a re-tread, thus nearly doubling the mileage.

1914 Garage 3 Jan. 24/2 4,253..signed mileage for another of our leather and steel-studded Retreads, not a stud out.

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 4 Feb. 7/2 Retread is new rubber over the same area as recap, but all the way down to the cord fabric.

1968 Wanganui (N.Z.) Chron. 15 Nov. 10/6 (advt.) Insist on safe shoulder retreads.

2002 Times 27 June 10/2 Britons use 50 million tyres a year. They could be recycled as retreads.

2. slang.

a. Australian, New Zealand, and U.S. (originally Military). A retired soldier recalled to (usually temporary) service (cf. dugout n. 3); (in extended use) a retired person recalled to employment. Also: a person who has changed allegiance (chiefly U.S. Politics) or has been retrained.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > retrained person

retread1941

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > veteran soldier

veteran?1504

man of service1553

campaigner1771

old moustache1828

warhorse1836

vet1848

Old Bill1915

old sweat1919

retread1941

grognard1959

1941 Salt 22 Dec. 36/2 Characteristically the Australians call a small reconnaissance tank a ‘dingo’, and a 1914–1918 soldier enlisted a second time a ‘retread’.

1944 Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 15 June 10/1 An enlisted retread is easily identified by the number of service stripes worn on the sleeve of his jumper or coat.

1950 Chicago Tribune 8 Apr. 10/1 Now Mr. Truman has come up with another of these Republican retreads in Mr. Dulles, who was ousted from his seat as Republican senator from New York last November.

1974 F. Bream I'm Sorry Amanda 28 Mr Willis had taught for forty years, and then retired. He had now returned to the school..to help relieve the teacher shortage. He was a very nice person, as were all our retreads.

1977 D. Beaty Excellency ii. 21 A diplomat with thirty years experience..not the retread given a job with other unwanted Civil Servants.

1992 G. Steinem Revol. from Within iii. i. 112 Almost all had gone back to school for a degree or professional training as what were referred to as ‘nontraditional students’, and what the women themselves called ‘retreads’.

1997 C. W. Dryden A-Train xiii. 262 ‘Retreads’ like you are being transitioned in F-51s to be assigned to squadrons here in Japan.

b. A person representative of a previous era, a throwback; esp. one who is attempting to appear superficially different.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > old-fashionedness > one who is old fashioned

mumpsimus1573

fogram1760

fogey1792

fogramite1813

frump1817

primitist1818

foist1820

Rip Van Winkle1833

foozle1860

old-timer1860

mossyback1865

mossback1873

dugout1912

pterodactyl1921

unhip1936

fud1942

square1944

primitivist1975

retread1982

1982 London Rev. Bks. 4 xxiv. 7/2 What Amis's sprezzatura is saying is that most of his readers are out of touch, old fogies, Prufrock retreads, switched-off.

1994 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 31 Oct. a7/1 Many of the 1960s retreads in politics and the media seem genuinely baffled as to why the public is so bitter against their favorite nostrums.

2007 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 2 Oct. The revolt was led by an assortment of Communist retreads, outright fascists, and simple hooligans.

3. A reuse of old ideas or material without significant change or improvement; a superficially altered version of something; a rehash.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > paraphrase > [noun] > mere restatement

rehash1833

réchauffage1847

cook-up1865

retread1947

1947 Billboard 19 Apr. 16/3 Tonight's vehicle was a tired retread of the gay '90s melodrama, complete with handlebar mustaches, olio acts, plus a stock version of the usual..theme.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Oct. 1232/1 An all-too-familiar exegesis that has nothing new to say about Eliot.., a critical retread representing the kind of discussion that came in the 1930s.

1993 Locus Oct. 27/2 Ardel and its alien inhabitants are interesting enough to support many stories, but this one feels like a retread, and a worn-out one at that.

2007 Clash July 124/1 ‘Burning Wheel’ and a surprisingly spiky retread of ‘Medication’ seep druggy vibes from the screen.

Compounds

retread course a course at which a person is retrained; cf. retread v.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > training > [noun] > retraining

retraining1840

retread course1943

1943 Troy (N.Y.) Record 23 June 3/2 Men between 28 and 55 years old are establishing some kind of a record or acquiring knowledge at the ‘retread’ course for business executives at Harvard Business School.

1962 Listener 16 Aug. 232/2 They also have shorter courses for older men, known rather depressingly as ‘re-tread’ courses.

1991 Airforces Monthly Oct. 20/1 After a year as a Bulldog QFI at the University of London Air Squadron I joined..[an] air engineer for the first ever VC10K ‘retread’ course.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retreadv.¹

Brit.

/ˌriːˈtrɛd/, U.S.

/riˈtrɛd/

Inflections: Past tense retrod; Past participle retrodden;

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, tread v.

Etymology: < re- prefix + tread v.

transitive. To go back over (a path, ground, etc.); to walk through (a place) again. Also: to follow (a route previously taken by others). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk upon or tread [verb (transitive)] > again

retread1605

society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > traverse on foot [verb (transitive)] > again

retread1605

society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > go on foot [verb (intransitive)] > again

retreada1847

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 494 So that, re-treading their eternall trace, Th' one beares the Treble, th' other beares the Base.

1661 S. Pordage Mundorum Explicatio ii. 126 Like one who lost upon a wild Heath, sees A hundred wayes... Now this he treads, but by and by retreads The same again.

1747 J. G. Cooper Theagenes to Sylvia in R. Dodsley Museum 23 May sig. Z^v The pleasing Paths of Venus I retrod, No more a Mortal.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iv. 168 The warlike Virgin pass'd along, And much revolving in her troubled mind, Retrod the court.

a1847 E. Cook Don't you Remember? in Poems (1849) III. 41 We re-tread where young Passion first stealthily rambled.

1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 184 For thee, depart, Re-tread thy steps in haste!

1863 Sat. Rev. 11 Their life is one of perpetual change. They never re-tread the same ground.

1911 K. Tynan New Poems 37 As I turned me round about My sad road to re-tread, For the first time and the last time I knew that she was dead.

1987 A. Pryce-Jones Bonus of Laughter v. 60 I do not propose to retread such familiar ground.

2007 Observer (Nexis) 7 Oct. (TV & Radio) 20 Indian film-maker Lalit Vachani retreads the route of Mahatma Gandhi's famous 1930 Salt March.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

retreadv.²

Brit.

/ˌriːˈtrɛd/, U.S.

/riˈtrɛd/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle retreaded;

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, tread v.

Etymology: < re- prefix + tread v.

1. transitive. To provide (a worn tyre) with a new tread.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > move on wheels [verb (transitive)] > furnish with tyres > retread (a tyre)

retread1904

re-rubber1908

recap1920

remould1962

1904 Best Ways out of London p. i. (advt.) Kindly re-vulcanize and re-tread Motor Tyres as soon as possible.

1912 Motor Man. (ed. 14) iii. 107 It is possible, in most cases, to have them retreaded by the makers.

1967 H. J. Stern Rubber (ed. 2) ix. 401 Many of the tyres produced are retreaded when worn.

1991 R. Mistry Such Long Journey (1992) 155 Soon, there appeared in the neighbourhood enterprising individuals who serviced motorcars, retreaded tyres, restored refrigerators.

2. transitive. U.S. slang. To retrain (a person) or provide with new skills or employment, often after initial retirement. Also: to adapt (a person) to or redeploy in a new role, esp. with little underlying change of function.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] > retrain

retrain1856

retread1942

1942 Chicago Sunday Tribune 11 Oct. iii. 1/7 Even rubber stamps wear out. The Democratic bosses decided that there was no use even attempting to retread their yes-men in two of the four districts. They have come up with new candidates.

1946 Canberra Times 2 Dec. 4/1 At Queanbeyan, where some of the ‘old guard’ have been retreaded to keep the game going, Northbourne gave even a less impressive display than at the previous week-end.

1950 Chicago Tribune 5 May i. 10/6 The colleges will turn out more potential high school teachers than will be needed, the survey indicated. Some of these will be retreaded for elementary school work.

1963 Lafayette Alumnus Apr. 22/1 ‘Retreaded’..indicated that upon retirement, De Kay, Furness [etc.]..gave their learning, experience, and wisdom a capping.

1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 2 Dec. 1/4 To ‘retread’ many retired nurses and other skilled professionals through refresher courses.

1991 Harper's Mag. May 4/2 Let us also marvel at the way humanities and social-science professors..have of late been retreading themselves as experts in Moral Discipline.

2005 J. Kenway et al. Academic's Support Kit V. Introd. 1 What we have all had to do is to retread ourselves, acquire new skills and learn to cope in very different environments.

Derivatives

reˈtreaded adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [adjective] > fitted with tyres > that can be recapped (of tyres) > furnished with a fresh tread (of a tyre)

retreaded1906

1906 Bystander 14 Feb. p. xii/1 I find that a retreaded cover is a doubtful investment, especially on a driving wheel, and personally I should feel inclined to put the cost of tyres higher.

1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 July 6/1 A retreaded provincial politician who was fired from the Davis Cabinet.

1989 Freight Mar. 28/1 Retreaded car tyres are generally speed limited and regarded as second quality.

reˈtreading n.

ΘΚΠ

re-rubbering1903

retreading1905

1905 Badminton Mag. Dec. 656 The widest difference of opinion exists as to ‘re-treading’, which means the fixing of new rubber to the canvas fabric of the tyre, if the latter is in fairly good order itself.

1977 Financial Times 4 June 5/3 The retreading industry would welcome it, because casings are their raw material.

2000 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) 9 Jan. d1 They may express themselves through jobs that offer fulfillment more than money... ‘I call it retreading rather than retiring,’ Kraus says.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.1909

v.¹1605

v.²1904

单词	retread
释义	retreadn. Brit. /ˈriːtrɛd/, U.S. /ˈriˌtrɛd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: retread v.² Etymology: < retread v.² 1. Originally U.S. The action or an act of retreading a tyre; a worn tyre provided with a new tread. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rubber or pneumatic tyre > types of sidewall1901 non-skid1905 retread1909 remould1928 recap1929 knobbly1938 knobby1943 whitewall1950 slick1959 bias-ply1964 radial1964 cross-ply1965 snow1968 Pennsylvania cap1971 wet1977 1909 Motorcycle Illustr. 1 Aug. 53 (advt.) When the first tread is finally worn down the fabric will be found in perfect condition for a re-tread, thus nearly doubling the mileage. 1914 Garage 3 Jan. 24/2 4,253..signed mileage for another of our leather and steel-studded Retreads, not a stud out. 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 4 Feb. 7/2 Retread is new rubber over the same area as recap, but all the way down to the cord fabric. 1968 Wanganui (N.Z.) Chron. 15 Nov. 10/6 (advt.) Insist on safe shoulder retreads. 2002 Times 27 June 10/2 Britons use 50 million tyres a year. They could be recycled as retreads. 2. slang. a. Australian, New Zealand, and U.S. (originally Military). A retired soldier recalled to (usually temporary) service (cf. dugout n. 3); (in extended use) a retired person recalled to employment. Also: a person who has changed allegiance (chiefly U.S. Politics) or has been retrained. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > retrained person retread1941 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > veteran soldier veteran?1504 man of service1553 campaigner1771 old moustache1828 warhorse1836 vet1848 Old Bill1915 old sweat1919 retread1941 grognard1959 1941 Salt 22 Dec. 36/2 Characteristically the Australians call a small reconnaissance tank a ‘dingo’, and a 1914–1918 soldier enlisted a second time a ‘retread’. 1944 Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 15 June 10/1 An enlisted retread is easily identified by the number of service stripes worn on the sleeve of his jumper or coat. 1950 Chicago Tribune 8 Apr. 10/1 Now Mr. Truman has come up with another of these Republican retreads in Mr. Dulles, who was ousted from his seat as Republican senator from New York last November. 1974 F. Bream I'm Sorry Amanda 28 Mr Willis had taught for forty years, and then retired. He had now returned to the school..to help relieve the teacher shortage. He was a very nice person, as were all our retreads. 1977 D. Beaty Excellency ii. 21 A diplomat with thirty years experience..not the retread given a job with other unwanted Civil Servants. 1992 G. Steinem Revol. from Within iii. i. 112 Almost all had gone back to school for a degree or professional training as what were referred to as ‘nontraditional students’, and what the women themselves called ‘retreads’. 1997 C. W. Dryden A-Train xiii. 262 ‘Retreads’ like you are being transitioned in F-51s to be assigned to squadrons here in Japan. b. A person representative of a previous era, a throwback; esp. one who is attempting to appear superficially different. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > old-fashionedness > one who is old fashioned mumpsimus1573 fogram1760 fogey1792 fogramite1813 frump1817 primitist1818 foist1820 Rip Van Winkle1833 foozle1860 old-timer1860 mossyback1865 mossback1873 dugout1912 pterodactyl1921 unhip1936 fud1942 square1944 primitivist1975 retread1982 1982 London Rev. Bks. 4 xxiv. 7/2 What Amis's sprezzatura is saying is that most of his readers are out of touch, old fogies, Prufrock retreads, switched-off. 1994 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 31 Oct. a7/1 Many of the 1960s retreads in politics and the media seem genuinely baffled as to why the public is so bitter against their favorite nostrums. 2007 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 2 Oct. The revolt was led by an assortment of Communist retreads, outright fascists, and simple hooligans. 3. A reuse of old ideas or material without significant change or improvement; a superficially altered version of something; a rehash. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > paraphrase > [noun] > mere restatement rehash1833 réchauffage1847 cook-up1865 retread1947 1947 Billboard 19 Apr. 16/3 Tonight's vehicle was a tired retread of the gay '90s melodrama, complete with handlebar mustaches, olio acts, plus a stock version of the usual..theme. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Oct. 1232/1 An all-too-familiar exegesis that has nothing new to say about Eliot.., a critical retread representing the kind of discussion that came in the 1930s. 1993 Locus Oct. 27/2 Ardel and its alien inhabitants are interesting enough to support many stories, but this one feels like a retread, and a worn-out one at that. 2007 Clash July 124/1 ‘Burning Wheel’ and a surprisingly spiky retread of ‘Medication’ seep druggy vibes from the screen. Compounds retread course a course at which a person is retrained; cf. retread v.² 2. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > training > [noun] > retraining retraining1840 retread course1943 1943 Troy (N.Y.) Record 23 June 3/2 Men between 28 and 55 years old are establishing some kind of a record or acquiring knowledge at the ‘retread’ course for business executives at Harvard Business School. 1962 Listener 16 Aug. 232/2 They also have shorter courses for older men, known rather depressingly as ‘re-tread’ courses. 1991 Airforces Monthly Oct. 20/1 After a year as a Bulldog QFI at the University of London Air Squadron I joined..[an] air engineer for the first ever VC10K ‘retread’ course. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). retreadv.¹ Brit. /ˌriːˈtrɛd/, U.S. /riˈtrɛd/ Inflections: Past tense retrod; Past participle retrodden; Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, tread v. Etymology: < re- prefix + tread v. transitive. To go back over (a path, ground, etc.); to walk through (a place) again. Also: to follow (a route previously taken by others). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk upon or tread [verb (transitive)] > again retread1605 society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > traverse on foot [verb (transitive)] > again retread1605 society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > go on foot [verb (intransitive)] > again retreada1847 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 494 So that, re-treading their eternall trace, Th' one beares the Treble, th' other beares the Base. 1661 S. Pordage Mundorum Explicatio ii. 126 Like one who lost upon a wild Heath, sees A hundred wayes... Now this he treads, but by and by retreads The same again. 1747 J. G. Cooper Theagenes to Sylvia in R. Dodsley Museum 23 May sig. Z^v The pleasing Paths of Venus I retrod, No more a Mortal. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iv. 168 The warlike Virgin pass'd along, And much revolving in her troubled mind, Retrod the court. a1847 E. Cook Don't you Remember? in Poems (1849) III. 41 We re-tread where young Passion first stealthily rambled. 1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 184 For thee, depart, Re-tread thy steps in haste! 1863 Sat. Rev. 11 Their life is one of perpetual change. They never re-tread the same ground. 1911 K. Tynan New Poems 37 As I turned me round about My sad road to re-tread, For the first time and the last time I knew that she was dead. 1987 A. Pryce-Jones Bonus of Laughter v. 60 I do not propose to retread such familiar ground. 2007 Observer (Nexis) 7 Oct. (TV & Radio) 20 Indian film-maker Lalit Vachani retreads the route of Mahatma Gandhi's famous 1930 Salt March. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). retreadv.² Brit. /ˌriːˈtrɛd/, U.S. /riˈtrɛd/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle retreaded; Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, tread v. Etymology: < re- prefix + tread v. 1. transitive. To provide (a worn tyre) with a new tread. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > move on wheels [verb (transitive)] > furnish with tyres > retread (a tyre) retread1904 re-rubber1908 recap1920 remould1962 1904 Best Ways out of London p. i. (advt.) Kindly re-vulcanize and re-tread Motor Tyres as soon as possible. 1912 Motor Man. (ed. 14) iii. 107 It is possible, in most cases, to have them retreaded by the makers. 1967 H. J. Stern Rubber (ed. 2) ix. 401 Many of the tyres produced are retreaded when worn. 1991 R. Mistry Such Long Journey (1992) 155 Soon, there appeared in the neighbourhood enterprising individuals who serviced motorcars, retreaded tyres, restored refrigerators. 2. transitive. U.S. slang. To retrain (a person) or provide with new skills or employment, often after initial retirement. Also: to adapt (a person) to or redeploy in a new role, esp. with little underlying change of function. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] > retrain retrain1856 retread1942 1942 Chicago Sunday Tribune 11 Oct. iii. 1/7 Even rubber stamps wear out. The Democratic bosses decided that there was no use even attempting to retread their yes-men in two of the four districts. They have come up with new candidates. 1946 Canberra Times 2 Dec. 4/1 At Queanbeyan, where some of the ‘old guard’ have been retreaded to keep the game going, Northbourne gave even a less impressive display than at the previous week-end. 1950 Chicago Tribune 5 May i. 10/6 The colleges will turn out more potential high school teachers than will be needed, the survey indicated. Some of these will be retreaded for elementary school work. 1963 Lafayette Alumnus Apr. 22/1 ‘Retreaded’..indicated that upon retirement, De Kay, Furness [etc.]..gave their learning, experience, and wisdom a capping. 1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 2 Dec. 1/4 To ‘retread’ many retired nurses and other skilled professionals through refresher courses. 1991 Harper's Mag. May 4/2 Let us also marvel at the way humanities and social-science professors..have of late been retreading themselves as experts in Moral Discipline. 2005 J. Kenway et al. Academic's Support Kit V. Introd. 1 What we have all had to do is to retread ourselves, acquire new skills and learn to cope in very different environments. Derivatives reˈtreaded adj. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [adjective] > fitted with tyres > that can be recapped (of tyres) > furnished with a fresh tread (of a tyre) retreaded1906 1906 Bystander 14 Feb. p. xii/1 I find that a retreaded cover is a doubtful investment, especially on a driving wheel, and personally I should feel inclined to put the cost of tyres higher. 1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 July 6/1 A retreaded provincial politician who was fired from the Davis Cabinet. 1989 Freight Mar. 28/1 Retreaded car tyres are generally speed limited and regarded as second quality. reˈtreading n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rubber or pneumatic tyre > retreading re-rubbering1903 retreading1905 1905 Badminton Mag. Dec. 656 The widest difference of opinion exists as to ‘re-treading’, which means the fixing of new rubber to the canvas fabric of the tyre, if the latter is in fairly good order itself. 1977 Financial Times 4 June 5/3 The retreading industry would welcome it, because casings are their raw material. 2000 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) 9 Jan. d1 They may express themselves through jobs that offer fulfillment more than money... ‘I call it retreading rather than retiring,’ Kraus says. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1909v.¹1605v.²1904
随便看	sharping-corn sharping-stone sharpingcorn sharpings sharpingstone sharpiron sharpish sharpite sharpkeeled sharpleaved sharplier sharpliest sharpling sharplooking sharply sharply-bitted sharply-chiselled sharply-conceived sharply-defined sharply-discerning sharply-focussed sharplybitted sharplychiselled sharplyconceived sharplydefined

retreadn.

Compounds

retreadv.1

retreadv.2

Derivatives

retreadv.¹

retreadv.²