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单词 respiratory
释义

respiratoryadj.

Brit. /ˈrɛspᵻrət(ə)ri/, /rᵻˈspɪrət(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈrɛsp(ə)rəˌtɔri/, /rəˈspaɪrəˌtɔri/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin respiratorius.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin respiratorius of or relating to breathing (5th cent.) < classical Latin respīrāt- , past participial stem of respīrāre respire v. + -ōrius -ory suffix2. Compare Middle French, French respiratoire (1566).
1. Designating, relating to, or affecting the organs involved in respiration; of or relating to respiration (respiration n. 1a).
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the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [adjective]
breathinga1398
spirituala1398
respirative?a1425
breathy1528
spirable1562
spiring1577
respirant?1578
transpirable1578
respiratory1650
respired1667
pneumatic1681
respiring1697
cardiorespiratory1857
respirating1887
1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Deliramenta Catarrhi 6 In the lowest and smallest branches of the Respiratory Artery, or pipe of the Lungs, there doth constantly reside such a quantity of excrement, generated in the Lungs.
1684 J. Browne Adenochoiradelogia 92 The Chylous juice not remaining in them,..but by the compression of the respiratory Muscles, and those parts through which they do enter, it's easily propell'd.
1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1238 The Respiratory Motion..will in the Body of the Pullus be regular and circulatory.
1790 W. Smellie Philos. Nat. Hist. I. 124 The stigmata, or respiratory organs, of caterpillars and other insects.
1818 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 3) I. iv. 140 I could discover, in this animal, no respiratory plates.
1827 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 2) i. iii. i. 458 The respiratory sound became much more perceptible at the roots of the left lung.
1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 278 The external respiratory nerve of Bell.
1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects i. 16 The respiratory system of the insect is almost unique in the Animal Kingdom, only occurring elsewhere in the Centipedes and Millipedes..and in the Arachnida.
1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. xx. 342 The measurement of respiration is carried out in respiratory chambers or micro-respirometers.
2003 Science 23 May 1229/1 The human metapneumovirus..causes respiratory infections in children and was an early suspect in the SARS outbreak.
2. Biochemistry. Of or relating to the processes of oxygen transport and respiration (respiration n. 5).
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1877 F. Darwin in Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Bot. 15 403 The colostrum, or first milk, is yellow from hæmoglobin, the respiratory pigment of animal life.
1897 A. B. Griffiths (title) Respiratory proteids. Researches in biological chemistry.
1918 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 45 164 The most spectacular contribution to the physiology of Ascidians is the reported presence of a colorless respiratory protein, γ-achroglobine, in the blood.
1940 Science 3 May 436/2 The Pasteur enzyme in [the] retina appears to be a pheohemin protein like the respiratory enzyme in yeast and in Acetobacter.
1974 J. B. Finean et al. Membranes & Cellular Functions v. 80 The sequence of components in the mitochondrial respiratory chain has been established by sophisticated spectroscopy, by using redox dyes.
2005 Internat. Jrnl. Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiol. 55 955 Chemotaxonomically, strain MACL11(T) was characterized by the presence of Q-10 as the major respiratory lipoquinone.

Compounds

respiratory acidosis n. Medicine acidosis caused by excessive retention of carbon dioxide in the body, typically as a result of hypoventilation or reduced circulation.
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1931 R. A. Cutting in Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 12 271 The acidosis resulting from retention of excessive amounts of carbonic acid is essentially a respiratory acidosis, since..the carbon dioxide content of the blood is a direct function of the efficiency of the respiratory mechanism.
1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 53/1 Before dialysis the [H+] values were significantly higher in spontaneously ventilating patients in whom hypoventilation with compensatory respiratory acidosis had restored pH to near normal.
2005 L. Felver in S. L. Woods et al. Cardiac Nursing (ed. 5) x. 191/2 The clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis are CNS depression (disorientation, lethargy, somnolence), headache, blurred vision, tachycardia, [etc.]
respiratory alkalosis n. Medicine alkalosis caused by excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body, typically as a result of hyperventilation.
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1934 Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 10 115 The condition is one of respiratory alkalosis.
1966 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 66 811/2 With excessive dosage, hyperventilation may lead to respiratory alkalosis and hypocapnia with tetany and apnea.
1998 BBC Vegetarian Good Food Sept. 89/1 This state, known as respiratory alkalosis, leads to all sorts of worrying symptoms, including chest pain, pounding heart, pins and needles in the toes and fingers, unexplained breathlessness, chronic tiredness, [etc].
respiratory centre n. Physiology a region of the central nervous system which exercises control over respiration.
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the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > as (supposed) seat of faculty > seats of specific faculties
sensorium1613
sensitory1649
sensory1653
sensoriolum1715
respiratory centre1841
Broca1875
writing centre1878
speech-centre1881
heat-centre1884
speech area1885
pleasure centre1892
language area1898
motorium1900
isocortex1934
visceral brain1949
satiety centre1951
limbic system1952
reward cell1956
1841 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Physiol. (ed. 2) xvi. 539 The anterior ganglion of Insects appears to correspond with that which [in higher Mollusca]..constitutes the centre of the muscular actions immediately concerned in the prehension of food, acting almost as independently of the cephalic ganglia, as do the respiratory centres.
1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. ii. ii. 265 The different conditions of the respiratory centre during apnœa, normal breathing or eupnœa, and dyspnœa.
1989 J. Merchant & M. Attree Learning to Care on Surg. Ward (BNC) 48 As some of these drugs depress the respiratory centre in the medulla, the premedicated patient should be observed closely for alterations in the respiratory pattern.
respiratory chain n. Biochemistry the sequence of enzymes and other proteins within a mitochondrial or cell membrane, or of reactions, by which substrates are oxidized in the biochemical process of respiration (respiration n. 5).
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1931 Biol. Bull. 60 227 This might mean destruction or out-diffusion..from the cell of the key substances in the respiratory chain.
1934 W. E. Tottingham Plant Biochem. ix. 176 The potential of glutathione lies relatively near that at which O2 becomes activated to enter the respiratory chain of reactions.
1967 Brain 90 149 Although iron has replaced copper as an oxygen carrier relatively late in evolution it has not displaced this metal from its key role in the respiratory chain.
2005 C. de Duve Singularities xi. 138 In most organisms, molecular oxygen (forming water) is the final electron acceptor. Electron-transport chains are often called respiratory chains for this reason.
respiratory distress syndrome n. Medicine (a) (more fully respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn) = hyaline membrane disease at hyaline adj. (b); (b) (more fully acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome) an acute, life-threatening condition of inflammatory origin in which accumulation of fluid and other changes in the lungs result in severely impaired oxygenation of the blood, typically requiring treatment by mechanical ventilation.
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1958 Connecticut State Med. Jrnl. 22 88 (title) Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.
1967 Lancet 12 Aug. 322/2 The ætiology of this respiratory-distress syndrome [in adults] remains obscure.
1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis viii. 172 Respiratory distress syndrome is a developmental disorder when the lungs do not produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant to allow normal respiration following birth.
1996 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 3) II. xvii. 2853/1 Although major trauma, acute hypovolaemia, hypotensive Gram-negative septicaemia and severe microbial pulmonary infections are the most frequent precursors of adult respiratory distress syndrome, they form only part of a large number of non-cardiogenic associated disorders.
2020 Independent (Nexis) 29 June One such complication in Covid-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (Ards), a condition that accounts for most Covid-related hospitalisations.
respiratory pigment n. Biochemistry a substance, typically a protein with a prosthetic group (such as haem) containing one or more metal atoms, which transports oxygen within blood or tissue, or electrons within a cell, for the process of respiration.
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the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > others
urohaematin1863
respiratory pigment1877
stercobilin1880
oxyluciferin1919
wear-and tear-pigment1928
photopigment1937
porphyropsin1937
erythrolabe1958
cryptochrome1978
1877Respiratory pigment [see sense 2].
1933 Biol. Bull. 64 233 In several of the invertebrates also, respiratory pigments, either hemoglobin or hemerythrin, are found within special cells of the circulating blood or body fluids.
2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten xxii. 274 Whereas our red respiratory pigment, hemoglobin, contained iron, their bluish green pigment, hemocyanin, contained copper.
respiratory quotient n. Physiology the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved to that of oxygen consumed by an organism, tissue, or cell in a given time.
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the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > respiratory quotient
respiratory quotient1879
RQ1900
1879 J. B. Sanderson Syllabus Course Lect. Physiol. (ed. 2) i. 34 If all the inspired O were discharged as CO2, the quotient (by volume)—called the ‘Respiratory Quotient’..would be = 1.
1900 W. S. Hall Text-bk. Physiol. iv. 218 The respiratory quotient varies considerably in different species, and in the same animal under different conditions.
1995 Sci. Amer. Dec. 85/1 Figuring the respiratory quotient—the ratio of carbon dioxide molecules released to the number of oxygen molecules consumed—is not much more difficult.
respiratory syncytial virus n. Virology any of a small group (now the genus Pneumovirus) of paramyxoviruses that cause syncytium formation in infected cells, and include several which cause bronchitis and pneumonia in humans, esp. young children.
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the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > types of
latent virus1750
influenza virus1880
poxvirus1891
filter-passer1906
mosaic virus1914
bacteriophage1921
herpes virus1925
Rous sarcoma virus1925
Rous virus1925
papillomavirus1935
poliovirus1939
Semliki Forest virus1944
actinophage1947
mycophage1947
mengovirus1949
tumour virus1950
Zika1952
mycobacteriophage1953
Sindbis virus1953
myxovirus1954
echovirus1955
RNA virus1955
adenovirus1956
SV1956
arborvirus1957
enterovirus1957
foamy virus1957
respiratory syncytial virus1957
polyoma1958
parainfluenza1959
reovirus1959
arbovirus1960
cytomegalovirus1960
TMV1960
vacuolating agent or virus1960
Coxsackie virus1961
rhinovirus1961
RSV1961
papovavirus1962
paramyxovirus1962
picornavirus1962
mycophage1963
parvovirus1965
rhabdovirus1966
Ross River virus1966
coronavirus1968
EBV1968
Epstein–Barr virus1968
leukovirus1968
CMV1969
arenovirus1970
oncornavirus1970
togavirus1970
alphavirus1971
calicivirus1971
Dane particle1971
flavivirus1971
flavovirus1971
maedi1971
orbivirus1971
mycovirus1972
visna-maedi virus1972
flu virus1973
maedi-visna virus1973
corona1974
orthopoxvirus1974
rotavirus1974
whitepox1974
retravirus1975
Ebola virus1976
morbillivirus1976
retrovirus1976
Ebola1977
lentivirus1979
reassortant1979
HTLV1980
morbilli1981
filovirus1982
LAV1983
CV1985
HIV1986
HIV virus1987
C-192020
Covid2020
Covid-192020
CV-192020
1957 R. Chanock & L. Finberg in Amer. Jrnl. Hygiene 66 299/2 It is suggested that these agents [sc. CCA virus and Long virus] be grouped together and named ‘respiratory syncytial’ (RS) virus until their epidemiology and pathogenicity are better understood.
1968 New Scientist 15 Feb. 368/1 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is now the most dangerous of the respiratory pathogens that affect young children.
2001 High Plains Jrnl. 16 Apr. a6/1 Occurrences of health problems due to..bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and pasteurella during the first few weeks of life can be reduced substantially with appropriate vaccination of the adult herd.
respiratory therapist n. a person trained in respiratory therapy.
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the world > health and disease > healing > healer > paramedic > [noun] > other paramedics
phlebotomist1618
resuscitator1810
prosthetist1896
aromatherapist1970
respiratory therapist1970
barefoot doctor1971
1970 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 70 2687/2 (advt.) You will be a valuable member of an Intensive Care team that includes anesthesiologists, surgeons, pediatricians, respiratory therapists, and other paramedical personnel.
1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Parade Suppl.) 5/3 Alice Gaul, a former U.S. Navy nurse, and Mary Masal, a respiratory therapist, managed to keep that man alive through the eight-hour flight.
2008 Ann. Emergency Med. 51 71/2 Respiratory therapists were not included in the focus groups.
respiratory therapy n. therapy designed to assist or improve breathing; spec. the management of patients receiving artificial ventilation.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > artificial respiration
artificial respiration1788
positive pressure1885
respiratory therapy1964
ventilation1974
1964 Anesthesia & Analgesia 43 168 (title) Homotransplantation of a human lung. Problems associated with anesthesia and respiratory therapy.
1973 D. A. Holaday in T. B. Caldwell & F. Moya Adv. Respiratory Care & Physiol. vi. 85 Their duties include..administration of other categories of respiratory therapy to patients in intensive care units, post-anesthesia recovery rooms, and other areas..where continuous ventilators are in use.
2002 Here's Health Mar. 11/2 The respiratory therapy patients only had improvements immediately after treatment.
respiratory tract n. (a) a (supposed) tract of nerves concerned solely with control of the muscles of respiration (obsolete); (b) the passage leading from the nose and mouth to the alveoli of the lungs, through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
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the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages
pipec1385
suspiralc1400
windpipe1530
spirator1657
air passage1771
respiratory tract1831
airway1856
1831 W. S. Cox Synopsis Bones 263 The Pneumo-gastric Nerves arise from the respiratory tract.
1849 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 4 145 Sometimes the remedy is applied to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract , as when substances are inhaled or used as snuff.
1936 Discovery July 206/2 It has not appeared to produce the usual irritative effects of ether on the respiratory tract.
1999 J. Elkington & J. Hailes New Foods Guide iii. 59 Staphylococcus aureus: This bug lives on the skin and in the respiratory tract, so it can be spread when a cook or waiter sneezes.
respiratory tree n. [after French arbre respiratoire (1811 or earlier)] Zoology and Anatomy (a) (in sea cucumbers) either of two thin-walled, highly branched organs that draw in oxygenated sea water from the cloaca and extend into the fluid-filled body cavity; (b) a branching system of respiratory passages, as the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles of the vertebrate lung.
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the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > branched system of respiratory passages
respiratory tree1834
1834 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom XII. 451 A sort of partial circulation takes place in a very complicated double system of vessels, exclusively relative to the intestinal canal, and in a part of the meshes of which, is interlaced one of the two respiratory trees.
1836 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 1 190 ‘The intelligence again restored’, although a literal translation.., is not English; nor is..‘respiratory tree’, &c.
1979 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. ix. 210/1 There are a pair of respiratory trees arising from the swollen cloaca at the hind end of the intestine.
2006 R. Arking Biol. Aging (ed. 3) v. 163/1 The many series of tubes formed by the branching of the bronchi are known as the respiratory tree.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1650
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