单词 | respiratory |
释义 | respiratoryadj. 1. Designating, relating to, or affecting the organs involved in respiration; of or relating to respiration (respiration n. 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [adjective] breathinga1398 spirituala1398 respirative?a1425 breathy1528 spirable1562 spiring1577 respirant?1578 transpirable1578 respiratory1650 respired1667 pneumatic1681 respiring1697 cardiorespiratory1857 respirating1887 1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Deliramenta Catarrhi 6 In the lowest and smallest branches of the Respiratory Artery, or pipe of the Lungs, there doth constantly reside such a quantity of excrement, generated in the Lungs. 1684 J. Browne Adenochoiradelogia 92 The Chylous juice not remaining in them,..but by the compression of the respiratory Muscles, and those parts through which they do enter, it's easily propell'd. 1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1238 The Respiratory Motion..will in the Body of the Pullus be regular and circulatory. 1790 W. Smellie Philos. Nat. Hist. I. 124 The stigmata, or respiratory organs, of caterpillars and other insects. 1818 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 3) I. iv. 140 I could discover, in this animal, no respiratory plates. 1827 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 2) i. iii. i. 458 The respiratory sound became much more perceptible at the roots of the left lung. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 278 The external respiratory nerve of Bell. 1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects i. 16 The respiratory system of the insect is almost unique in the Animal Kingdom, only occurring elsewhere in the Centipedes and Millipedes..and in the Arachnida. 1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. xx. 342 The measurement of respiration is carried out in respiratory chambers or micro-respirometers. 2003 Science 23 May 1229/1 The human metapneumovirus..causes respiratory infections in children and was an early suspect in the SARS outbreak. 2. Biochemistry. Of or relating to the processes of oxygen transport and respiration (respiration n. 5). ΚΠ 1877 F. Darwin in Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Bot. 15 403 The colostrum, or first milk, is yellow from hæmoglobin, the respiratory pigment of animal life. 1897 A. B. Griffiths (title) Respiratory proteids. Researches in biological chemistry. 1918 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 45 164 The most spectacular contribution to the physiology of Ascidians is the reported presence of a colorless respiratory protein, γ-achroglobine, in the blood. 1940 Science 3 May 436/2 The Pasteur enzyme in [the] retina appears to be a pheohemin protein like the respiratory enzyme in yeast and in Acetobacter. 1974 J. B. Finean et al. Membranes & Cellular Functions v. 80 The sequence of components in the mitochondrial respiratory chain has been established by sophisticated spectroscopy, by using redox dyes. 2005 Internat. Jrnl. Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiol. 55 955 Chemotaxonomically, strain MACL11(T) was characterized by the presence of Q-10 as the major respiratory lipoquinone. Compounds respiratory acidosis n. Medicine acidosis caused by excessive retention of carbon dioxide in the body, typically as a result of hypoventilation or reduced circulation. ΚΠ 1931 R. A. Cutting in Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 12 271 The acidosis resulting from retention of excessive amounts of carbonic acid is essentially a respiratory acidosis, since..the carbon dioxide content of the blood is a direct function of the efficiency of the respiratory mechanism. 1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 53/1 Before dialysis the [H+] values were significantly higher in spontaneously ventilating patients in whom hypoventilation with compensatory respiratory acidosis had restored pH to near normal. 2005 L. Felver in S. L. Woods et al. Cardiac Nursing (ed. 5) x. 191/2 The clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis are CNS depression (disorientation, lethargy, somnolence), headache, blurred vision, tachycardia, [etc.] respiratory alkalosis n. Medicine alkalosis caused by excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body, typically as a result of hyperventilation. ΚΠ 1934 Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 10 115 The condition is one of respiratory alkalosis. 1966 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 66 811/2 With excessive dosage, hyperventilation may lead to respiratory alkalosis and hypocapnia with tetany and apnea. 1998 BBC Vegetarian Good Food Sept. 89/1 This state, known as respiratory alkalosis, leads to all sorts of worrying symptoms, including chest pain, pounding heart, pins and needles in the toes and fingers, unexplained breathlessness, chronic tiredness, [etc]. respiratory centre n. Physiology a region of the central nervous system which exercises control over respiration. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > as (supposed) seat of faculty > seats of specific faculties sensorium1613 sensitory1649 sensory1653 sensoriolum1715 respiratory centre1841 Broca1875 writing centre1878 speech-centre1881 heat-centre1884 speech area1885 pleasure centre1892 language area1898 motorium1900 isocortex1934 visceral brain1949 satiety centre1951 limbic system1952 reward cell1956 1841 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Physiol. (ed. 2) xvi. 539 The anterior ganglion of Insects appears to correspond with that which [in higher Mollusca]..constitutes the centre of the muscular actions immediately concerned in the prehension of food, acting almost as independently of the cephalic ganglia, as do the respiratory centres. 1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. ii. ii. 265 The different conditions of the respiratory centre during apnœa, normal breathing or eupnœa, and dyspnœa. 1989 J. Merchant & M. Attree Learning to Care on Surg. Ward (BNC) 48 As some of these drugs depress the respiratory centre in the medulla, the premedicated patient should be observed closely for alterations in the respiratory pattern. respiratory chain n. Biochemistry the sequence of enzymes and other proteins within a mitochondrial or cell membrane, or of reactions, by which substrates are oxidized in the biochemical process of respiration (respiration n. 5). ΚΠ 1931 Biol. Bull. 60 227 This might mean destruction or out-diffusion..from the cell of the key substances in the respiratory chain. 1934 W. E. Tottingham Plant Biochem. ix. 176 The potential of glutathione lies relatively near that at which O2 becomes activated to enter the respiratory chain of reactions. 1967 Brain 90 149 Although iron has replaced copper as an oxygen carrier relatively late in evolution it has not displaced this metal from its key role in the respiratory chain. 2005 C. de Duve Singularities xi. 138 In most organisms, molecular oxygen (forming water) is the final electron acceptor. Electron-transport chains are often called respiratory chains for this reason. respiratory distress syndrome n. Medicine (a) (more fully respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn) = hyaline membrane disease at hyaline adj. (b); (b) (more fully acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome) an acute, life-threatening condition of inflammatory origin in which accumulation of fluid and other changes in the lungs result in severely impaired oxygenation of the blood, typically requiring treatment by mechanical ventilation. ΚΠ 1958 Connecticut State Med. Jrnl. 22 88 (title) Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. 1967 Lancet 12 Aug. 322/2 The ætiology of this respiratory-distress syndrome [in adults] remains obscure. 1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis viii. 172 Respiratory distress syndrome is a developmental disorder when the lungs do not produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant to allow normal respiration following birth. 1996 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 3) II. xvii. 2853/1 Although major trauma, acute hypovolaemia, hypotensive Gram-negative septicaemia and severe microbial pulmonary infections are the most frequent precursors of adult respiratory distress syndrome, they form only part of a large number of non-cardiogenic associated disorders. 2020 Independent (Nexis) 29 June One such complication in Covid-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (Ards), a condition that accounts for most Covid-related hospitalisations. respiratory pigment n. Biochemistry a substance, typically a protein with a prosthetic group (such as haem) containing one or more metal atoms, which transports oxygen within blood or tissue, or electrons within a cell, for the process of respiration. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > others urohaematin1863 respiratory pigment1877 stercobilin1880 oxyluciferin1919 wear-and tear-pigment1928 photopigment1937 porphyropsin1937 erythrolabe1958 cryptochrome1978 1877Respiratory pigment [see sense 2]. 1933 Biol. Bull. 64 233 In several of the invertebrates also, respiratory pigments, either hemoglobin or hemerythrin, are found within special cells of the circulating blood or body fluids. 2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten xxii. 274 Whereas our red respiratory pigment, hemoglobin, contained iron, their bluish green pigment, hemocyanin, contained copper. respiratory quotient n. Physiology the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved to that of oxygen consumed by an organism, tissue, or cell in a given time. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > respiratory quotient respiratory quotient1879 RQ1900 1879 J. B. Sanderson Syllabus Course Lect. Physiol. (ed. 2) i. 34 If all the inspired O were discharged as CO2, the quotient (by volume)—called the ‘Respiratory Quotient’..would be = 1. 1900 W. S. Hall Text-bk. Physiol. iv. 218 The respiratory quotient varies considerably in different species, and in the same animal under different conditions. 1995 Sci. Amer. Dec. 85/1 Figuring the respiratory quotient—the ratio of carbon dioxide molecules released to the number of oxygen molecules consumed—is not much more difficult. respiratory syncytial virus n. Virology any of a small group (now the genus Pneumovirus) of paramyxoviruses that cause syncytium formation in infected cells, and include several which cause bronchitis and pneumonia in humans, esp. young children. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > virus > [noun] > types of latent virus1750 influenza virus1880 poxvirus1891 filter-passer1906 mosaic virus1914 bacteriophage1921 herpes virus1925 Rous sarcoma virus1925 Rous virus1925 papillomavirus1935 poliovirus1939 Semliki Forest virus1944 actinophage1947 mycophage1947 mengovirus1949 tumour virus1950 Zika1952 mycobacteriophage1953 Sindbis virus1953 myxovirus1954 echovirus1955 RNA virus1955 adenovirus1956 SV1956 arborvirus1957 enterovirus1957 foamy virus1957 respiratory syncytial virus1957 polyoma1958 parainfluenza1959 reovirus1959 arbovirus1960 cytomegalovirus1960 TMV1960 vacuolating agent or virus1960 Coxsackie virus1961 rhinovirus1961 RSV1961 papovavirus1962 paramyxovirus1962 picornavirus1962 mycophage1963 parvovirus1965 rhabdovirus1966 Ross River virus1966 coronavirus1968 EBV1968 Epstein–Barr virus1968 leukovirus1968 CMV1969 arenovirus1970 oncornavirus1970 togavirus1970 alphavirus1971 calicivirus1971 Dane particle1971 flavivirus1971 flavovirus1971 maedi1971 orbivirus1971 mycovirus1972 visna-maedi virus1972 flu virus1973 maedi-visna virus1973 corona1974 orthopoxvirus1974 rotavirus1974 whitepox1974 retravirus1975 Ebola virus1976 morbillivirus1976 retrovirus1976 Ebola1977 lentivirus1979 reassortant1979 HTLV1980 morbilli1981 filovirus1982 LAV1983 CV1985 HIV1986 HIV virus1987 C-192020 Covid2020 Covid-192020 CV-192020 1957 R. Chanock & L. Finberg in Amer. Jrnl. Hygiene 66 299/2 It is suggested that these agents [sc. CCA virus and Long virus] be grouped together and named ‘respiratory syncytial’ (RS) virus until their epidemiology and pathogenicity are better understood. 1968 New Scientist 15 Feb. 368/1 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is now the most dangerous of the respiratory pathogens that affect young children. 2001 High Plains Jrnl. 16 Apr. a6/1 Occurrences of health problems due to..bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and pasteurella during the first few weeks of life can be reduced substantially with appropriate vaccination of the adult herd. respiratory therapist n. a person trained in respiratory therapy. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > paramedic > [noun] > other paramedics phlebotomist1618 resuscitator1810 prosthetist1896 aromatherapist1970 respiratory therapist1970 barefoot doctor1971 1970 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 70 2687/2 (advt.) You will be a valuable member of an Intensive Care team that includes anesthesiologists, surgeons, pediatricians, respiratory therapists, and other paramedical personnel. 1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Parade Suppl.) 5/3 Alice Gaul, a former U.S. Navy nurse, and Mary Masal, a respiratory therapist, managed to keep that man alive through the eight-hour flight. 2008 Ann. Emergency Med. 51 71/2 Respiratory therapists were not included in the focus groups. respiratory therapy n. therapy designed to assist or improve breathing; spec. the management of patients receiving artificial ventilation. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > artificial respiration artificial respiration1788 positive pressure1885 respiratory therapy1964 ventilation1974 1964 Anesthesia & Analgesia 43 168 (title) Homotransplantation of a human lung. Problems associated with anesthesia and respiratory therapy. 1973 D. A. Holaday in T. B. Caldwell & F. Moya Adv. Respiratory Care & Physiol. vi. 85 Their duties include..administration of other categories of respiratory therapy to patients in intensive care units, post-anesthesia recovery rooms, and other areas..where continuous ventilators are in use. 2002 Here's Health Mar. 11/2 The respiratory therapy patients only had improvements immediately after treatment. respiratory tract n. †(a) a (supposed) tract of nerves concerned solely with control of the muscles of respiration (obsolete); (b) the passage leading from the nose and mouth to the alveoli of the lungs, through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages pipec1385 suspiralc1400 windpipe1530 spirator1657 air passage1771 respiratory tract1831 airway1856 1831 W. S. Cox Synopsis Bones 263 The Pneumo-gastric Nerves arise from the respiratory tract. 1849 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 4 145 Sometimes the remedy is applied to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract , as when substances are inhaled or used as snuff. 1936 Discovery July 206/2 It has not appeared to produce the usual irritative effects of ether on the respiratory tract. 1999 J. Elkington & J. Hailes New Foods Guide iii. 59 Staphylococcus aureus: This bug lives on the skin and in the respiratory tract, so it can be spread when a cook or waiter sneezes. respiratory tree n. [after French arbre respiratoire (1811 or earlier)] Zoology and Anatomy (a) (in sea cucumbers) either of two thin-walled, highly branched organs that draw in oxygenated sea water from the cloaca and extend into the fluid-filled body cavity; (b) a branching system of respiratory passages, as the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles of the vertebrate lung. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > branched system of respiratory passages respiratory tree1834 1834 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom XII. 451 A sort of partial circulation takes place in a very complicated double system of vessels, exclusively relative to the intestinal canal, and in a part of the meshes of which, is interlaced one of the two respiratory trees. 1836 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 1 190 ‘The intelligence again restored’, although a literal translation.., is not English; nor is..‘respiratory tree’, &c. 1979 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. ix. 210/1 There are a pair of respiratory trees arising from the swollen cloaca at the hind end of the intestine. 2006 R. Arking Biol. Aging (ed. 3) v. 163/1 The many series of tubes formed by the branching of the bronchi are known as the respiratory tree. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1650 |
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