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respectn.int. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin respectus. Etymology: < classical Latin respectus action of looking round or back, consideration, regard, in post-classical Latin also respite, reprieve (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources), subserviency (12th cent.), (in astronomy) aspect (from 12th cent. in British sources), (in philosophy) relation (14th cent. in British sources) < respect- , past participial stem of respicere respect v. + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns. Compare Middle French, French respect (usually /rɛspɛ/, but sometimes also /rɛspɛk/) regard, consideration, notice (13th cent. in Old French, but rare before 16th cent.; now archaic), deferential regard or esteem (a1540), Old Occitan respect deferential regard or esteem (1455), Catalan respecte point of view (15th cent.), deferential regard or esteem (1561), Spanish respecto (c1250), respeto (14th cent.; now usually distinguished semantically: respecto point of view, regard, respeto deferential regard or esteem), Portuguese respeito deferential regard or esteem, point of view (14th cent.), Italian respetto , †rispetto , †rispecto deferential regard or esteem (a1292), point of view (1304). Compare earlier respite n. and discussion at that entry, and also respett n.In respect of persons at sense 3c ultimately after Hellenistic Greek προσωποληψία prosopolepsy n.; compare also discussion at person n. With to have respect compare classical Latin habere respectum . With in respect compare classical Latin respectū (with genitive) out of consideration or regard (for), having regard (to), in view (of), in post-classical Latin also in respectu having regard (to), in view (of), relatively (13th cent. in British sources). With without respect at Phrases 4 compare classical Latin sine respectū without making distinctions, regardless, (with genitive) without concern (for), without paying regard (to). I. Regard, consideration, and related senses. †1. the mind > attention and judgement > attention > pay attention [phrase] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 136v Þe reyne bowe..alwey..haþ respecte [L. respicit] to þe sonne wiþ ful face and þe sonne is euene afore þe bowe & haþ respect þerto. c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross (1940) 136 (MED) He [sc. Christ] hathe not forsaken þe erthe but haþ is respecte and lokyn to is seruauntes here on erthe as þat he dud to his disciples and to Petur. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 115 (MED) As for other meruayles of the temple, haue respecte to [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. loke in; L. require] the bokes of Kynges. 1534 (?a1500) Weavers' Pageant l. 3 in H. Craig (1931) 33 (MED) Ye grett astronemars now awake, With youre famus fatheres of felosefy And in-to the oreient reyspecte ye take. 1535 Eccles. xi. A He that regardeth ye wynde, shal not sowe: and he that hath respecte vnto the cloudes, shal not reape. ?1567 M. Parker lxix. 189 Turne thy respect: to me I pray: regard thy mercies all. 1611 Isa. xvii. 7 At that day shall a man looke to his Maker, and his eyes shall haue respect to the Holy one of Israel. View more context for this quotation the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] 1535 (rev. ed.) iv. x. f. xxxi/2 There is holownes of eyen with moyst respect [L. cum humido aspectu]. 1615 G. Sandys (1627) 216 Tyrus, is now no other than an heape of ruines; yet have they a reuerent respect. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery > general or extensive 1542 A. Borde ii. sig. B.iiiv I had rather not to buyld..a howse, than to buylde one without a good respecte in it, to it, & from it. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun] > survey > backward a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Wales 7 The Welsh travailers, when they have climed up a hill..rain their horses backward, and stand still a while, taking a prospect (or respect rather) of the Country they have passed. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 119v Impressioun of worchinge of liȝt is I-knowe in þe see þat ebbiþ and flowiþ by respect [L. applicationem] of þe mone to som partye þerof, wheþir þe mone bischine þe ayer oþir no. a1500 (c1410) (Hunterian) (1976) i. 126 (MED) Sum constellacioun or coniunccioun or sum respect in here pasyng fallyȝt vpon oo lond more þan anothir; And..folk be born vnder..dyuers respectys in dyuers sygnys and vnder dyuers planetys. 1534 T. Paynell tr. sig. B.iiiv If any man chaunce to be infected agayne with this syckenes, it is not by the influence of any constellation, nor by the influence of any yll respecte of the forsayde coniunction. 3. the mind > attention and judgement > attention > [noun] > attention to, consideration a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 86 I com my-self..To teche in þis how yow was best to done, Hauynge vn-to my tresour ne my rente Right no resport, to respect of youre ese. 1461–2 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §17. m. 11 Entendyng to the extreme destruction of the seid reame,..wherof experience sheweth the clerenes, respect had to the spoile by theym of Godds chirch, of chalesses, crosses of sylver. 1474 in R. R. Sharpe (1912) L. 124 The Bochers of the saide Citee, whiche, havyng no Respecte to the common wele..ingrose the Talugh and bryng it into fewe handes. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 147 (MED) Y lawde and commende thy manhode that thou dredes God moore then me, and the respecte [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. reward; L. respectum] of hevyn moore then thy cuntre. a1500 (1870) 381 To dremys, sir, shuld no man have Respek. c1520 King Henry VIII Let. 18 May in (1992) XXXI. 34 Wee will..you that..yee have a speciall oversight, regarde and respect..to the said sheriffe..how..they doe..our comaundmentes. c1530 xxiii No respecte hauyng what was beste to done. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Sii The respecte of euery mans priuate commoditie. 1605 A. Wotton 118 They will do nothing, but with especial respect to themselves. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus v. 25 The Athenians..tooke more respect to their safety, then care of their honour. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden 25 Wee shall next see what respect hath been had unto the Sea, either in the very first or any more antient Distribution or Division of things. 1703 R. Neve 12 He that designs..the Building,..must have respect to its due Situation, Contrivance, Receipt, Strength [etc.]. 1776 Jan. 151/1 The sky..had paid no respect to the fervent ejaculations..for the auspicious radiance of a rising sun the next morn. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante III. xxii. 35 I will make answer even to the thought, Which thou hast such respect of. 1864 J. H. Newman App. 84 In an oath one ought to have respect to the intention of the party swearing. 1922 C. A. Ellwood v. 119 A religion which has respect to all the facts of the total life of mankind will be in harmony with the spirit of true science. 1964 7 May 7/4 The ways of Whitehall, where the central heating was switched on and off according to the calendar with no respect to the weather. 2006 H. C. Mansfield 244 The gender-neutral society gives no respect to the liberal distinction between state and society or between public and private. the mind > attention and judgement > attention > [noun] the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [noun] 1509 tr. A. de la Sale (de Worde) (new ed.) xi. sig. K.iij Alwaye take a good respecte and hede To do as I the shall commaunde and bede. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara (1568) 23 Women must take great respect, least they geve straungers occasion to speake of them. 1618 W. Lawson viii. 23 At the setting of your plants you must haue such a respect, that the distance of them [etc.]. 1647 W. Lilly clxvii. 723 Having care and respect to give February 29. dayes in the Leap-yeer. 1671 J. Dancer tr. P. Corneille iv. iii. 41 To show my will to pleasure you, Yet with respect not to offend her too, I answer without frivolous delay. the mind > emotion > love > liking or favourable regard > [noun] > particular liking or partiality 1528 W. Tyndale f. lv Nether is there any respecte of parsons with him, that is, he is indifferente and not perciall: as greate in his sight is a seruaunte as a master. 1539 Acts x. 34 There is no respecte of parsones wyth God [L. Non est personarum acceptor Deus; 1382 (Wyclif) not acceptour of persoones; 1582 (Rheims) not an accepter..; 1526 (Tyndale) God is not parciall; 1611 God is no respecter of persones]. 1558 C. Goodman 170 Gods vengeance, which he with out respecte of persones wil powre..vpon all transgressors. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iii. 88 Is there no respect of place, persons, nor time in you? View more context for this quotation 1641 H. Thorndike 38 We see the reason why there is no respect of Timothy, in his instructions to the elders of Ephesus. 1748 T. Smollett I. xvi. 125 What signifies all the riches and honours of this life, if one enjoys not content—And in the next, there is no respect of persons. 1785 J. Wesley 7 Apr. (1931) VII. 266 I beseech you..to have no respect of persons..in disposing of the Yearly Contribution and the Preacher's Fund or any other public money. 1837 H. Martineau III. 33 Those who are brought up to have any respect of occupations,—to regard a grocer as beneath a banker. 1874 H. Sidgwick iii. v. 239 It is of the highest importance that judges and administrators should never be persuaded..to shew ‘respect of persons’. 1937 4 Dec. 14/3 In the coming six weeks, General Göring continued, he would make his decisions without respect of persons. 1957 J. E. Fison i. 15 Amos proclaims that with God..there is no respect of race, civilization, or religion. 1999 A. C. MacIntyre (2002) x. 124 Misericordia has regard to urgent and extreme need without respect of persons. the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)] > make reference to 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 59 To this had the poete Horatius respecte, in thus saiyng. 1583 W. Fulke xxi. 503 What folly it is to thinke, our translators had respect to your Popish deuotions, by the name of devotion? 1673 I. Newton in (Royal Soc.) 8 6087 Such a White..would have different properties from the White, which I had respect to, when I described my Theory. 1742 J. Edwards iv. 316 The Mismanagement I have Respect to, is the getting into a way of performing it [sc. the duty of singing praises to God], without almost any Appearance of..Reverence and Solemnity. 1822 R. Heber in I. p. cxxxviii He tells us, that Balaam, when he prayed to die the death of the righteous, had only respect to length of days. 1873 J. H. Newman (ed. 3) 328 When I speak of the formation of a Catholic school of writers, I have respect principally to the matter of what is written. 1656 J. Evelyn Let. 27 Apr. in (1857) III. 73 I shall,..I hope, prevail with you that I may have the honour to see you again at my poor villa, when my respects are less diverted. the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] > a view, notion, opinion 1662 B. Gerbier 28 I must proceed and conclude with my humble respects concerning Palaces of..Princes. the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > motive the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object 1528 (single sheet) (verso) The kynges expresse determynacion & pleasure is, for great respectes and causes, that the sayd vnlaufull games shall nat from hensforth..be exercised. ?1532 sig. B2v Some of them folowe more affections and respectes: than goddes worde onely and truthe. 1548 H. Latimer sig. D.v He was not moued wyth these worldlye respectes, wyth these prudente consyderacions. 1594 J. Dickenson sig. B3v Friend Damon, sith many respects shorten my intended residence, I haue resolued with speede to leaue you. 1596 W. Lambarde (rev. ed.) Ed. Ded. sig. A2v I resolued (for sundrie iust respectes) to begin first with that Shire. 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 174 The instances that second marriage moue Are base respects of thrift, but none of loue. View more context for this quotation 1673 W. Temple i. 77 These respects gave the first rise to a Treaty of Peace. a1680 J. Bargrave (1867) i. xv. 36 At his return he was for several respects promoted to a Cardinal's cap. 1705 J. Addison 511 The same Respect that made him quit this Government, might at another time tempt him to give up that of Neuf-Chatel. 1749 J. Cleland II. 235 For respects I should in good time acquaint him with. 1770 H. Brooke V. xvii. 53 All the honours and worldly respects, for which I formerly risqued my life. 1846 R. C. Trench i. 101 Higher respects than those of flesh and blood..moved him to the choosing the present moment. 1892 G. Gissing (1893) iii. iv. 246 The thousand respects which forbade his hoping that Sidwell would ever lay her hand in his. II. Relationship, aspect. 5. the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. i. xii. 49 Nounes adiectiue tokeneþ somwhat positif affirmynge for somme tokeneth..effect in creatures and somme respect. Of nounes þat betokeneth God wiþ respect, somme tokenes respect betwene god..as deus est refugium, and oþir suche. And somme tokeneth respect bitwene persones, as..equalis, ‘iliche’ and ‘euene’. 1600 W. Shakespeare v. i. 99 Ner. It is your musique Madame of the house? Por. Nothing is good I see without respect, me thinks it sounds much sweeter then by day? View more context for this quotation 1621 R. Burton iii. iv. i. iii. 775 Whether he can produce a respect without a foundation or terme. 1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford ii. 37 Relation or reference, or respect not harmonicall. the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > relation to something or reference 1485 (St. Albans) i. sig. avj v This blessing and this cursyng has a respec to vertu and vyce. 1550 N. Udall tr. P. M. Vermigli sig. Miv [They] remained styl the selfe same persons that they were afore: but there was constituted betwene them a newe ordre and degree, a newe referrynge and respecte. 1551 T. Wilson sig. Diij Relatiues are those, whiche..(as a man would say) haue a mutuall respect, one to another. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay xvi. 305 Punishment and sinne haue a mutuall respect one to another, as a sore and a salue. 1607 J. Norden i. 12 An indifferent Surueyor, namely, such a one as carieth equall respects to Lord and Tenant. 1644 K. Digby ii. i. 359 We shall find, that all they do consist in, or of certaine respects betwixt two thinges. 1647 Bp. J. Hall 54 Thou art..apt to forget these intimate respects between thy Christ and thee. 1681 P. Bellon tr. F. de Monginot 12 The Fourth thing to be observed, has a Respect to the certainty of the Cure. a1706 J. Evelyn (1850) II. ix. 29 The observance of the seventh day had a peculiar respect to the Israelites. 1710 G. Berkeley §140 It having a like respect to other spirits that blueness or heat by me perceived has to those ideas perceived by another. 1729 Bp. J. Butler (ed. 2) Pref. p. xii The very Terms..imply a Relation or Respect of Parts to each other. 1748 G. White (MS.) To be careful of our respects to him and careless of those to men, is to be defective in one half of our Religion. 1816 G. S. Faber II. 288 The pretended nurses of Jupiter have all a similar respect to the deluge. 1868 D. Fraser 15 The gospel..has a peculiar respect to mankind, as subsisting in families. 2001 G. Alliney in P. Porro 211 In the sublunar world each thing in motion is in time, and therefore has a respect to time itself. 6. the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > aspect of an abstract entity a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 20v Þe soule þat is on is I-nempned by diuers names in diuers respectis [L. respectibus], And hatte anima while he is in þe body and ȝeueþ it lif. a1500 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Stowe) 16450 (MED) Trewly, by clere Consyderacion off dyuers Respectys, she techeth both the Ton and the tother. 1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus vi. f. 156v The thyrd precept hath diuerse respectes, for it appertayneth to the honouryng of god, prescribyng & appoyntyng. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. Q1v, in (rev. ed.) Our Secretorie..being in one condition a Seruant..and being in a second respect as a friend. 1600 B. Jonson iv. iii. sig. Mivv Things of Consequence must haue their respects, where, how, and to whome. View more context for this quotation 1653 H. More Pref. sig. A8 The Logos,..in which all Ideas and their respects are contained. a1670 G. Rust (1682) 157 If there be no immutable respects in things, but Just and Unjust..are respects made be meer arbitrarious Will. 1748 G. White (MS.) Doth Relation to us alter the Case, and that Respect alone impart worth? 1753 S. Johnson No. 107. ⁋5 Whatever has various respects, must have various appearances of good and evil, beauty or deformity. 1874 J. Hinton III. 446 Its [sc. altruism's] absence in us must mark a negation in us. Surely everything does so which is a respect of difference between us and God. 1910 19 496 We are able..to detect differences without being able so to designate them, and the fact that we are in some cases able to make the respect of difference perfectly definite does not render a negation as such less genuine. 1968 65 117 There is our uncertainty about the relative importance of different respects of similarity and dissimilarity. 2005 M. Matthen v. 130 Ask them to group things by similarity, without mentioning the respect of similarity. the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > regard or side the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > a detail or particular 1533 T. More i. viii. f. lviiiv The thynge that I maye not absolutely pytye: yet in some respectes I may. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil (1846) I. ii. 90 A prince of great parsimonie, and in noe respecte ambitious. 1578 J. Banister sig. Dii Realdus Columbus: who denyeth not Galens opinion in this respect. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe 179 Let us compare with this blynd Philosophy of Cicero, the Divinity of Osorius in all respectes as bussardlyke. 1611 M. Smith in Transl. Pref. ⁋15 Neuer scorne those that be not in all respects so complete as they should bee. 1648 J. Evelyn (1857) III. 20 They will forthwith comply in all respects to their masters the army. 1671 J. Milton iv. 518 Yet thee I thought In some respect far higher so declar'd. View more context for this quotation 1736 Bp. J. Butler i. i. 26 Death may, in some sort, and in some Respects, answer to our Birth. 1787 C. Taylor II. 270 Linnæus is of opinion, that the head and the body louse differ in no respect from each other. 1801 1 449 There is one respect in which the opposers of christianity are in the habit of taking greater liberty with their readers than any other class of controversial writers. 1818 W. Buckland Select. Facts in J. Phillips 142 A sandstone..which in some respects at least has the characters of the old red sandstone. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato I. 434 I should like to know in what respect the argument is not sufficient. 1921 T. S. Eliot 13 Dec. (1988) I. 493 I have never known anyone who had less notion of hygiene..than you—Vivien says you are worse than I in that respect. 1962 D. F. Orchard II. xi. 321 Care must be taken to see that the plywood or hardboard does not buckle..several coats of mould oil or a brush on plastic are a great help in this respect. 1980 M. Shoard iii. xiii. 150 There is one crucial respect in which Britain differs from the other countries..: we have the National Trust. 2005 M. Lewycka i. 5 You have to understand that in some respects the man is governed by different impulses to the woman. the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > consequences 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond 14 The First Wars of the Romans were of very great Importance in their respect, but little remarkable. †III. Postponement. Cf. respett n.the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > (a) respite c1450 (1904) I. 221 (MED) Sho askid of þe law a respecte & had it grawntid. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) l. 44146 But respect or remeid,..tha pat thame all to deid. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta vii. xxii. 560 If they offended, they were presently punished with death, without remission or respect, were they Noblemen, or his kinsmen. 1497 in G. Neilson & H. Paton (1918) II. 82 The contempcione..done be him..in the rupcione..of our soverane lordis speciale respict grantit be him to the sade Schir Robert. 1522–3 in J. D. Marwick (1869) I. 210 He producit ane respect grantit to him be my Lord Gouernour..for the spaice of xix yeris fra the dait of the said respect. 1529 in R. K. Hannay (1932) 318 I desire ane respect or remissioune to me and my servandis for all crimes bigane. 1567 in J. H. Burton (1877) 1st Ser. I. 540 Eschetis of gudis,..respectis, remissionis, supersedereis. 1599 in R. Pitcairn (1833) II. 97 He can nocht pass to ane Assyis, becaus he hes obtenit the Kingis Respect for the said cryme..and takis him to the said Respect. IV. Senses relating to deference or esteem. 10. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] 1526 in W. Fraser (1885) IV. 115 The luving gude mynde and respect ȝe have to my soverane. 1535 Job xxxiv. 19 He hath no respecte vnto the personnes of ye lordly. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye I. 732 Wee haue the Temples in great respect and reuerence. 1611 M. Smith in Transl. Pref. ⁋1 Zeale to promote the common good..deserueth certainly much respect and esteeme. 1690 W. Temple Ess. Heroick Virtue ii. 53 in So great a Respect or rather Veneration is paid to this wise and admirable Constitution. 1712 R. Steele No. 406. ⁋1 A Friend, for whom he has a very great Respect. 1788 E. Gibbon IV. xlii. 220 Some voluntary respect was yielded to age and valour. 1839 T. Keightley II. 35 Her character remains the object of respect to all parties. 1878 R. W. Dale (ed. 3) viii. 222 There is a certain measure of respect due from the people to their pastor. 1927 Feb. 153/1 He seethed furiously, being seventy-five years old and entitled by the national mores to great respect. 1990 A. Stevens vi. 134 Jung could feel little respect or admiration for him because he seemed powerless and weak. 2008 (National ed.) 30 Sept. c17/2 Chongo earned respect as a journeyman climber, with accomplishments like rope-walking on the Lost Arrow Spire. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [noun] 1567 sig. D Should not our myndes reste in full contentation, Hauing truste in this treasure, most highe in respecte. 1597 F. Bacon f. 4 Not to vse Ceremonies at all, is to teach others not to vse them againe, and so diminish his respect. 1599 H. Buttes sig. P5 This Hearbe is of great antiquitie & high respect among the Indians. 1633 Bp. J. Hall ii. 32 For they are in so high, and deare respect with God. 1655 T. Stanley I. iii. 9 What wants reason, wants respect. 1727 P. Longueville 174 Man..renews a Smatch of that Respect he has forfeited by his fatal Transgression. 1772 ‘Junius’ II. lxviii. 310 You stand degraded from the respect and authority of your office. 1821 Ld. Byron (2nd issue) v. iii. 164 Youth without honour, age without respect. 1865 M. Arnold ii. 70 By which he may be..held in respect when he himself is inclined to take liberties. 1908 A. Birkhead xi. 101 [He] was a hero to his sister, though his respect among others was tarnished by sins. 1955 H. van Thal v. 63 The Germans..have always held Bizet in high respect. 1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf ii. 14 The people she held in respect were those who earned their position through hard work, rather than having it handed to them. society > society and the community > social class > [noun] 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 106 The townes of any respect be Dædala and Crya, peopled onely with banished persons. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 61 I haue heard, Where many of the best respect in Rome..Haue wish'd, that Noble Brutus had his eyes. View more context for this quotation a1657 W. Mure Hist. Rowallane in (1898) II. 251 Rankine..haveing plyed himself much to the hwmore of the Duke of Albany..rose to no meane respect. 1985 22 July 6/6 Hugo Barrington..has recently released a followup ‘Respect Is Due’. 1990 June 18/1 At one huge rave last summer, the DJ announced, ‘Respect is due to the visuals’, and everyone broke out in a massive round of applause. 1992 Dec. 86/3 For services to British fashion, this season's Face award winner: Lionel Blair. Respect! 1997 C. Newland (1998) p. vi Respec' goes out to Insane Wayne (for obvious reasons!). 2006 G. Malkani xii. 141 Respect to Mr Ashwood for settin you up with his former golden pupil, tellin him to look out for you. 11. In plural. the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > deferential the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation > deferential 1577 S. Robson i. 5 The eldest sonne of a knight..may offer himselfe a companion with ye best squire,..but not without some reuerent respectes in his speeche. 1612 F. Bacon (new ed.) 206 Some praises come of good wishes and respects, which is a forme due in ciuility to Kings and great persons. 1648 T. Gage 25 We..gave hearty thanks to the Indians for their kind respects unto us. a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1660) i. 46 The Promoters of the petitions were entertained with great respects. 1704 III. xii. 259 When they had made their several respects, and came to the King, he lightly moved his hat, and bade them cover. 1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde 360 The Science of Respects, is, as I may say, the Soul of Society. 1739 H. Baker & J. Miller tr. Molière Princess of Elis iv. vii, in Molière X. 127 Respects, Homages, and Submissions, cou'd never touch my Soul. 1860 R. W. Emerson (1861) v. 163 Friendship should be surrounded with ceremonies and respects, and not crushed into corners. 1894 May 968/2 I've done paid her all the respects I know—put up a fine Bible-texted tombstone for her, an' had her daguerrytype enlarged to a po'tr'it. 1921 20 Nov. 77 Every member in the Oklahoma Alpha [chapter] is handicapped as to how they will show their full respects for their lost brother. 2003 A. Williams (2004) viii. 202 It is an honour that this magistrate should open our railway line for us, and we must give him all the respects that are due. the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > courteous formulae [phrase] > conventional or deferential the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation > deferential > in epistolary or complimentary forms 1631 J. Shirley iii. 33 Beare my respects to your Master, tell him 'tis a speech will doe him credit. 1645 J. Howell iv. xxvi. 36 So with my very kind respects to my Sister, I rest Your loving Brother, J. H. 1729 J. Swift Let. to Gay 19 Mar. in (1741) 121 You are the first to present my most humble Respects to the Duchess of Queensbury. 1766 O. Goldsmith II. xi. 173 A person of distinction..sent his respects to the gentleman that was with us, and begged to know when he should think proper to be waited upon. 1833 H. Martineau ii. iv. 77 And give my respects to the Lieutenant's lady. 1894 W. Raymond x ‘Here's luck!’ said Ashford. ‘My respects!’ drank Christopher. 1904 A. Gowing ix. 114 Elfrida begs me to convey her affectionate respects to you and to the Prince, your son. 1945 19 June 5/6 I asked Senator Truman to give my respects and greetings to President Roosevelt. 2006 A. M. Greeley (2007) vii. 61 He merely sighed and asked me to give his respects to my family. Phrases P1. to have respect to (formerly also †unto). (See also senses 1a, 3d.) the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 76v Mete & drinke han ordenaunce & respecte to meteschipe & to feestis. c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §21. 13 Euerich of thise 12 Signes [of the zodiac] hath respecte to a certein parcelle of the body of a man and hath it in gouernance. 1541 T. Elyot (new ed.) K vj b Sanguyne and fleumatyke men have more respecte unto drythe; coleryke and melancolye, unto moysture. 1551 T. Wilson sig. Diiijv The ground of euery thyng, and the ende wherevnto it hath respecte, or consideracion. 1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio 8 Other such like important affairs, all which have respect to the Generall Union. 1700 W. Salmon (ed. 2) i. iii. 134/2 This Spirit is opening & has respect to the Head and Womb. 1759 S. Fielding II. 37 Perhaps Lady Dellwyn's restless..Movement might have more Respect to the shewing of her Shadow, than even herself. a1842 T. Arnold (1845) 125 The limits..have, often, respect to no natural boundaries, but are purely arbitrary. 1877 M. Arnold 105 They all have a useful end to serve, and have respect to that end solely. the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)] > concern or refer to 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 243 This latine diccion, præsens,..hath respecte vnto three tymes. 1584 R. Scot Disc. Diuels & Spirits xxxiv, in 551 This name hath not alwaies a respect vnto the generation of the sonne of God. 1608 W. Wilkes 13 Those rules..have respect more to your owne private, then reference to the publicke, good. 1641 H. L'Estrange 126 The truth is, all ceremoniall laws have respect to the latitude of Jury. 1724 A. Collins 49 The expressions..have only in a secondary sense a respect to that destruction. 1754 J. Edwards i. iv. 25 The Word Inability..has Respect to some stated Defect. 1823 G. S. Faber I. iv. 167 We may be sure, that it had respect to some special point of doctrine. 1849 S. R. Maitland 19 I will here offer only a single remark, which has respect to the use [etc.]. 1897 T. L. Brunton xvii. 309 The changes that take place..have respect both to the rate of the pulsations and to the manner of the pulsations. 1912 F. H. Smith vi. 104 The limit referred to has respect to the ‘regular cadets’ alone. 1954 47 25 The prohibition of offering and prayer has respect only to public and announced suffrages. P2. a. in respect of. the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > in comparison with [phrase] c1400 (?c1380) 84 (MED) Þe grauayl..Wern precious perlez of oryente; Þe sunnebemez bot blo & blynde In respecte of þat adubbement. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 79 Þe lesse hote parties ben cleped þe colde parties in respecte [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. reward; L. respectu] of þe more hote parties. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 77 That the altitude and eminence scholde be schewede excellente, and incomparable in the respecte of [L. respectu] oure places habitable. 1526 W. Bonde i. sig. Dviii Fewe of them or none in respecte of the hole miscaried. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. 4v I write to thee but littell to the respecte of that I would write. 1598 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 629 Hector was but a Troyan in respect of this. View more context for this quotation 1613 G. Wither i. iv. sig. E4 A flood of misery, In the respect of which, the beggery We thinke so vile, is heauen. 1621 M. Wroth 85 His spirit is so much greater, as commonly a mans is, in respect of a womans. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot i. 152 A well of indifferent good Water, at least in respect of the other Waters of Mecha. 1749 G. Lavington 20 Their Respect to him, he says, is nothing in respect of what they ought to shew. 1751 R. Paltock I. xvii. 208 What can she bring from it, says I to myself, in respect of what must be left behind? 1802 5 ii. 661 The position of the particle A, is fixed in respect of the planes MO, NO. the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > in respect of or with regard to ?a1425 f. 159 (MED) Þer ben oþere repercussiues þe whiche be not verreilye stiptik in respecte of þes oþer aforeseid, as arrage, mercurial, malowes, violet, colde water. 1531 W. Tyndale f. cviijv Ye axe doeth nothinge in respecte of ye hand that heweth, saue receaue. 1576 J. Woolton sig. H.vi The godly make no difference of meats in respect of saluation: for they know..that Christianisme, consysteth not therein. 1625 R. Brathwait (ed. 2) Table sig. A7 He aggravates..the misery of this life in respect of Sinne. 1654 R. Codrington tr. Justinus ix. 139 This day did set a period to all Greece, in the respect of their antient liberty. 1749 D. Hartley i. Pref. The great Freedom which I have used in respect of all Orders of Men. 1792 W. Osbaldiston 51 Bedding in respect of horses and other cattle, denotes straw or litter spread under them to lie on. 1825 T. Moore I. 236 In respect of mere style, too, the workmanship of..Sheridan is well worth..attention. 1868 Visct. Strangford (1869) II. 240 These letters are undated both in respect of time and place. 1902 XII. viii. 119 We are..practically where we were ten years ago in respect of our acquaintance with the early beginnings of the Tai. 1971 G. Gould 21 Dec. (1992) 170 Depending on whatever policy we adopt in respect to double-bar repeats..it might be possible to wedge all the sonatas on to ten discs. 2001 (Electronic ed.) 31 Jan. Local police forces are planning to introduce a zero tolerance policy in respect of the 70 mph speed limit. the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > because the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > because of 1528 W. Tyndale f. xxxiiijv They loke on the pleasure, profit and promocion that foloweth the kepinge of the lawe, and in respecte of the rewarde kepe they the lawe outwardly with workes, but not in the herte. 1564 in T. Thomson (1839) I. 55 And..Patrick to be quyte therfra..in respect of the mariage standing betuixt him and his wyfe forsaid indissolvit. 1583 W. Fulke xviii. 473 Oecumenius,..a Doctour of as little authoritie, as anye other, in respect of the late season, in whyche he liued. 1614 W. Lithgow sig. E4 Serigo..was antiently called..Schoteræ, in respect of the fine marble that is got there. 1669 S. Sturmy ii. vi. 68 This Quadrant..I hold to be as necessary an Instrument as Seamen can use, in respect of its plainness, and brevity. 1738 tr. S. Guazzo 132 Their Juniors do them Honour in Respect of their being older. 1814 Lady Morgan II. ix. 244 Myself did'nt care to be answering them, in respect of not knowing the ways of the place. 1859 7 253 There could be no deduction from the weekly sum in respect of his being disabled by illness from brewing one day, or week. 1901 11 Jan. 3/2 The School Board was surcharged by the auditor in 1885 in respect of illegal Science and Art classes. 1989 J. Winterson (1991) 25 I was wearing no underclothes in respect of the heat. 1994 K. Perry x. 197 The Court [sc. the European Court of Justice] ruled..that Britain was not entitled to act in this way and should pay interest in respect of the delay. b. in respect to. the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > in comparison with [phrase] 1526 W. Bonde i. sig. Bviii Englande: which is but a small Ile & a lytel cornar in respect to the hole worlde. 1690 J. Child x. 192 The Productions of the Spanish West-India Commodities are so inconsiderable in respect to the English. 1726 J. Ayliffe 91 A Metropolis or Metropolitical City is in respect to a Colony, what a Mother is to a Daughter. 1770 P. Luckombe 130 Printing at this city was early, in respect to other places in this kingdom. 1835 Feb. 160/2 The amplitude of the portico..its loftiness in respect to the rest of the building, and the pure classical character arising from its richly decorated roof. 1904 H. James I. i. 11 She had struck him, in respect to the beautiful world, as one of the beautiful, the most beautiful things. 1996 F. A. Cooper xii. 179 This 0.022 m. difference..is carried through to a recentering of the interior space westward in respect to the exterior toichobate. 1563 R. Fills tr. T. de Bèze vii. f. 169v Forasmuche as the pastours are deuided into manye degrees..this was not onely in respect to the office of the worde, but in consideration of the ordring of the affaiers, which concerneth the ecclesiasticall iurisdiction. 1656 J. Smith 142 Another [fever] is syncoptical, which is hot in respect to the Feaver, but cold in respect to the Syncope. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck i. xxix. 115 In Respect to Quantity, an Enunciation is divided into Universal, Particular, Indefinite, and Singular. 1765 W. Blackstone I. vii. 254 In respect to civil suits, all the foreign jurists agree. 1841 R. G. Latham ii. x. 178 Unless we admit the supposition in respect to g, that has been indicated in respect to c. 1884 Mar. 554/2 The habits of the last century in respect to decorum were just receding. 1933 E. Wharton 29 Apr. (1988) 559 I have very little to change in respect to what I have already said regarding the attitude of the Ladies' Home Journal. 1969 Feb. 59/2 There needs to be a great deal done in that area in respect to black people in this country. 2007 22 Jan. 44/1 If we can guide or educate the taste of the house-mistress in respect to the colors in which her dwelling is to be clad. †c. in respect. the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [adverb] 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in ii. f. cccxlvv Although I hadde lytel in respecte amonge other great and worthy, yet had I a faire parcel. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 148 Bondemenne are in respecte and comparison, the feete of their maisters. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas i. iii. 91 What will remaine? ah nothing (in respect). 1624 R. Burton (ed. 2) ii. iii. iii. 269 That all commanding country is possessed by petty Princes, Rome a smal Village in respect. 1597 F. Bacon f. 8 Some forbeare it not vpon negligence alone, but doubting to bring themselues into Melancholy in respect they shall finde it broken. 1542 Bp. S. Gardiner 17 May (1933) 97 But in respecte that God hath ordened his Majestie to be soo gret a prince.., his Majestie shuld not let Christendom perish in his tyme. 1548 W. Patten sig. b.jv Not one of vs all, is ony whit prouder of it, then woold be the tooth that hathe byt the tung, ootherwise then in respect that they wear our mortal enemies. 1570 G. Fenton tr. J. de Serres iii. 207 The Catholykes demaunded to parley with the Lorde de Pilles, whereunto he listened with lesse difficultie, in respecte he was not furnished wt munition of war for one assault more. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 15 In respect it is in the fields, it pleaseth mee well. View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Evelyn Let. 14 May in (1859) III. 53 How to prevent future ruin, in respect some of us are for an universal toleration; others, for English freedom only? 1670 5 Nov. Admittis Andro Caig..frieman gratis in respect he is maried vpon ane friemanis doughter. 1785 in R. M. Fergusson (1905) I. xxiv. 286 To prosecute John Williamson..for the payment of 4s. Sterling as the price of the Mortcloth in respect he had used another at the Interment of his Father. 1806 May 395/1 The prisoner's Counsel moved the Court to delay sentence against her, in respect that she is pregnant. 1829 W. Scott III. xiii. 376 I did not like him so well, in respect he was not so good-natured. 1876 W. E. Gladstone in July 495 To a bad clergyman this may be an advantage, in respect that it allows him to remain bad, and to grow worse with impunity. 1905 VII. 6 The said conviction and sentence should be set aside in respect that the names of the witnesses examined are not noted in the record of proceedings as required by statute. 1957 3 Apr. 15/3 She was not entitled to any payment as widow's rights in respect that in the deed of separation she agreed to have no rights in the estate of her husband. 1986 J. McConica III. x. 697 His mother gave a white tankard in respect that her son Robert had been admitted to the table of the president as a commoner. 2002 M. A. Hogg in A. Boyle et al. xi. 242 Article 8 had been violated in respect that there had been interference with his right to family life. the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > in respect of or with regard to the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > because of > for the sake of 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan iv. ix. sig. Qvi v Yf grace for respect of som piteouse cas be not to hym imparted & made. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 95 To geue a mocke to the feloe that stood so highly in his owne conceipte for the respecte of suche trifleyng bagguage. 1566 W. Painter tr. O. Landi i. f. 1 The continuall familiaritie that suche men haue with women: in whom they haue no pleasure for respect of loue. 1567 W. Painter II. xxiv. f. 198 And verily his Prophecy was too true for respect of that which folowed. 1602 W. Segar i. vi. 9 But as these before may not be receiued, in respect of natural debilitie, so others for respect of qualification, are priuiledged and excused, as Priests, and persons Ecclesiasticall. 1656 W. Prynne 44 For respect of lucre and gain, King John, in the second year of his reign, granted unto them large Liberties and Priviledges. 1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius i. 6 For respect of You with great delight I meet these dangers. P4. without respect. the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > without consideration [phrase] the world > relative properties > relationship > non-relation > [adverb] > independently 1528 W. Tyndale f. xliij Then shalt thou se cause ynough to love thy very enemie without respecte of rewarde. 1548 H. Latimer sig. A.vv A faith that maketh a man righteous wythout respecte of workes. 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) I. f. 366v/1 [He] beginneth first to bestow..benefices..vpon them whom he brought with him without respect, whether they were meete, or vnmeete. 1603 R. Knolles 38 The emperour..aduentured his owne person, without respect what danger might thereof ensue. 1651 J. Jane 59 Iconoclastes heapes up untruths without respect to the apparence of their detection. 1712 T. Rhind 131 A few only are saved, and the rest of Mankind reprobated, without Respect to the Performance or Nonperformance of any Condition. 1793 J. Burton II. xix. 97 Those..who speak what they think without respect of Person, Time or Place. 1811 5 July 3/2 Men, women, and children were butchered without respect to age or sex. 1881 34 100 The dominant of a set of numbers meaning the greatest one of them without respect to sign. 1945 C. E. Balleisen viii. 85 A true hopper would permit cartridges to be poured into it indiscriminately, without respect to the orientation of individual cartridges. 1956 K. Ingham iii. 43 A standard to which the Government in India should ultimately conform rather than a rule which they must instantly adopt without respect of circumstances. 2006 103 11640 Our data were chosen without respect to the hypothesis at hand. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > [adverb] ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil (1846) I. v. 211 Thus the barbarus people, withowte respecte, polluted bothe thinggs divine and humaine. 1595 T. Bedingfield tr. N. Machiavelli viii. 203 Murthering both guiltie and vnguiltie people, without respect. 1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato i. 7 The people that were therein, were without respect put to the sword. 1855 Dec. 631/1 [He] was to cause dreadful execution to be done, without pity and without respect, upon a good number of inhabitants and apprentices of every offending place. P5. with respect. the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > in respect of or with regard to 1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero Pref. sig. ¶¶.jv What thei haue to do..according to theyr age, trade, and estate: with respect to the circumstaunces of times, places, and persones. 1581 R. Mulcaster xxxviii. 168 I allow them learning with distinction in degrees, with difference of their calling, with respect to their endes, wherefore they learne. a1613 E. Brerewood (1614) xiv. 118 If..I should..estimate the proportion with respect to the whole earth, that each one of the forementioned religions, haue to the other. 1669 J. Wilkins 29 [This] hath been alwayes true, both with respect to Publick Communities, and Private Persons. 1719 D. Defoe 121 After this, the Colony enjoy'd a perfect Tranquillity with respect to the Savages. 1762 A. Dickson i. iii. 31 With respect to the first of these questions, there are three opinions. 1824 J. Mackintosh Speech 15 June in (1846) III. 439 With respect..to the State Papers laid before us, I see nothing in them to blame or to regret. 1871 B. Stewart (ed. 2) §12 A body..changes its state with respect to heat. 1935 29 439 A State has jurisdiction with respect to any crime committed in whole or in part within its territory. 1958 15 261 With respect to the troublesome Scottish question he took a liberal view. 1990 A. Stevens v. 83 Individual languages differ with respect to their grammar. 1561 sig. EEviv To be hindered or entangled with respect of anie worldlie commoditie or staied to go forwarde for anie paine, or trouble. 1563 J. Foxe 988/2 Ther are..two positions. The one standeth by the order of parts with respect of the whole. 1642 J. Eaton 472 Not drawne thereto with the terrours of the Law, or hireling-like with respect of our owne profit. 1721 R. Bradley 162 At a vast Distance from one another, with respect of Magnitude. 1836 C. Darwin 29 Jan. (1985) I. 485 There were..a few facts of interest, with respect of layers of Mud or Volcanic Sandstone, which must have flowed liked [sic] streams of Lava. 1919 25 Feb. The American attitude towards France passed from mere coldness with respect of French necessities to open criticism and hardly concealed suspicion. 2007 V. Gaffney & C. Huckerby in L. Dingwall & V. Gaffney 1 It is clear that these are emotive subjects with respect of the wider communities of Bell and Coryell Counties. the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > suitable or appropriate [phrase] > in (due) proportion 1590 R. Hitchcock tr. F. Sansovino f. 61 Men in their actions and deedes proceed, some with extremitie, some with respectes [It. con rispetto], and some with cautions. 1640 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavelli xxv. 205 We see that men..proceed therein diversly; some with respects, others more bold. 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi I. iv. 3 Their discreet Governours knowing that some Witts require the spurr, some the bridle, ought to make use thereof alternatly, and with respect but not excesse [It. con rispetti, ma non con eccessi]. the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > [noun] > instance of > a comparative reckoning 1597 Bp. J. King xvii. 225 How is he innocent? I answere, In part, not wholie; with respect, not absolutely. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [phrase] > with respect the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > with respect 1614 R. Tailor i. sig. Bv With all respect Sir, pray commaund my house. 1702 tr. M.-C. d'Aulnoy ii. 228 To believe that Ecclesiasticks ought to have the same extent of freedom, was a thing, with all due Respect to his Father Confessor, he could never be perswaded off. 1813 Ld. Donoughmore Let. 8 Dec. in H. Grattan (1822) 334 To the first of these propositions I answer, with great respect, that I cannot recognize the utility..of receiving instructions from the petitioners themselves. 1826 M. R. Mitford II. 207 [My greyhound] is sliding her snake-like head into my hand, at once to invite the caress which she likes so well, and to intimate with all due respect that it is time to go home. 1852 25 Nov. 6/5 The Lord Chancellor..said that, with all respect to the decision of the learned Judge in the court below, he could not, after mature consideration, agree with it. 1861 N. P. Banks Let. 16 June in (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1880) 1st Ser. II. ix. 690 With respect I submit these considerations to you, and remain your obliged and obedient servant. 1923 C. Mackenzie xviii. 257 With all respect to the gentleman at the back of the hall who passed that remark, I tell him that if you think you can do anything with your review.., you're mistaken. 1940 C. Brooks 2 Feb. (1998) 263 At one point Arthur said, ‘With great respect, Mr Prime Minister, I must say I think your policy invites aggression.’ 1977 22 July 10/1 It is, with the greatest respect to His Grace, very little use to say that the book has ‘caused more hubbub than it is worth’. 1980 J. Follett ii. i. 86 With respect, admiral, we should not be building boats for any other purpose than for sinking enemy shipping. 2004 V. N. McIntyre 224 Ambassador, with all due respect—that explanation is getting pretty stale! 1620 tr. J. Floyd 49 The Romanists out of respect to the Maiesty of Kings, reserue the power of censuring them to the supreame Pastor. 1690 J. Locke iv. xvii. 347 It argues not another Man's Opinion to be right, because I out of respect, or any other consideration, but that of conviction, will not contradict him. 1701 W. Wotton 503 Enemy's, who partly out of Respect for Alexander that was killed, and partly out of Hatred to him, endeavoured to turn him out of that Government which he had now seized upon. 1759 W. Harte II. 155 Young Oxenstiern, out of respect to his father the reichs-chancellor, was declared commander of the militia. 1828 T. Brown 86 Valens spared Paulinus out of respect to the unspottedness of his life. 1889 Aug. 332/2 Having entered the Kremlin by the Spasskaia or Spasski Vorota, which we pass bareheaded out of respect for the venerated image suspended over the archway. 1900 J. Conrad xxviii. 280 He was sitting on the cabin floor out of respect. 1940 5 Sept. 6/6 The Senate recessed today, after a brief session, out of respect to Senator Lundeen,..who died in the crash of a transport plane near here last Saturday. 2003 L. Lokko (2004) xxxvi. 279 He understood why they had come, out of respect for Livingstone's eldest son. the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use formal courtesy in act or expression [verb (intransitive)] 1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède ii. ii. 229 He perswaded me to returne to Susa,..to pay my respects to that Jllustrious widdow. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc i. xxxvii. 170 Being arrived we went to make our respects to him, and he returned us great civilities. 1738 tr. C. Rollin (ed. 2) I. 242 The Gauls..came to pay their respects to that general. 1749 W. Crookshank II. x. 273 He, having been intimate with John Richmond and some of his fellow-sufferers, came to Glasgow to pay his last respects at their burial. 1771 T. Smollett II. 88 When he came home, he expressed great eagerness to pay his respects to his master. 1834 F. Marryat III. xiv. 188 I had called to pay my respects at the Admiralty,..and was kicking my heels in the waiting-room. 1886 W. J. Tucker 116 I came out here the day before yesterday to pay my respects to the Count. 1901 J. B. Avirett xxiv. 181 After..the dinner, each one made his respects to the old master. 1956 M. Dickens ix. 154 I know what young love is. I just came down to pay my respects to the bride. 1982 Z. Edgell xii. 75 The body was on a cooling board for everybody to pay their respects. What a good wake we had same night as the death. 2009 (Nexis) 22 June 7 Friends from far and wide came to pay their respects and to support his large family. P8. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > covered > coach > other types of coach a1680 Lady Fanshawe in Lady Halkett & Lady Fanshawe (1979) 183 Then a coach of respect, lined with cloath of gold mixed with green. Then a litter of respect, lined with the same stuff. 1860 R. Roberts xxxv. 381 Like the unoccupied ‘coach of respect’, that makes such a figure in the royal retinue of Spain, he had nothing to do. 1906 19 June 5/1 Through the open door the King said: ‘Bring the carriage of respect. Tell the Queen Mother and Princess Henry that we are not hurt.’ 1984 G. Noel v. 87 This was the state coach, relatively plain except for its gold panels, which served as the ‘carriage of respect’. Compounds1819 I. vi. 193 His snow-white beard that descended in curly profusion upon his garments, gave him that respect-inspiring air which old age seldom fails to impress. 1858 Mrs. F. Hall II. iii. 38 I feel a far more respect-deserving man since she has honoured me with her partiality, than ever I should if [etc.]. 1905 J. Dulberg tr. H. Senator & S. Kaminer II. 878 The pure and respect-commanding personality of Tolstoi. 1987 (Nexis) 13 May 5 Team Florida's one obvious hole—the lack of a respect-inspiring, shot-blocking center. Derivatives 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi i. 28 His so being the sole sonne had more endeer'd him to his Father, if his other worthy qualities had not beene more singular and respect worthy, than his being an onely Sonne. 1833 T. Carlyle in Apr. 267 In this French Sheffield, Diderot's father was a Cutler,..a much-respected and respect-worthy man. 1915 A. Quiller-Couch xxiii. 296 A neighbours' quarrel, and between folks I know to be so respectworthy. 2009 (Nexis) 25 Jan. 43 They are good jobs, but you need to have people feel that it's a respect-worthy profession. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). respectv. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin respect-, respicere; Latin respectāre. Etymology: Probably partly < classical Latin respect-, past participial stem of respicere to look round, look back, to look round at, to look round and see, to be turned towards, face, to look back on, review, to cast one's mind back, to turn one's thoughts or attention to, to take notice of, to have regard for, to show concern for, to have reference (to), relate (to), in post-classical Latin also to concern (6th cent.) < re- re- prefix + specere to look (see suspect v.), and partly < classical Latin respectāre to keep on looking round or back, to wait expectant, to keep on looking round or back at, to look round for, await, to have regard for, in post-classical Latin also to concern (5th cent.), to delay, postpone, respite (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources; also as respectuare (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources)), frequentative formation < respicere . Compare Middle French, French respecter to take account of (1554), to treat or regard with deference, to esteem (1566), to show no disrespect to, to honour, preserve (1573), to regard (someone as something) (1577 in the passage translated in quot. 1579 at sense 3d), to follow scrupulously (c1590), Catalan respectar to pay respect to, esteem, to concern (17th cent.), Spanish respectar, respetar (both mid 16th cent.; now distinguished semantically: respectar to concern, respetar to pay respect to, esteem), Portuguese respeitar to pay respect to, esteem, to concern, to consider (15th cent.), Italian rispettare to pay respect to, esteem (1342). the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus iii. 138 He respected and left of his warre ageyne theym for a season. 1522–3 in J. D. Marwick (1869) I. 210 Ane respect grantit..be my Lord Gouernour..for..xix yeris fra the dait of the said respect..respectand him and thame all and sundry thair landis rentis [etc.]..in the law and by the law. 1542–3 c. 16 § 2 Soondrye soomes of money been respected to many persones, whiche haue ben Shirieffes..vpon theyre accomptes. 1549 Duke of Somerset in J. Strype (1721) II. 292 We..addressed our letters to you for due execution to be don..upon Paget..: which, as we be informed, is not don but respected. 1613 S. Purchas ii. xv. 162 If he respect washing after these, if he be learned, he shal forget his learning. 1620 J. Wilkinson (new ed.) 10 There they respected execution of him to the intent they might procure his pardon. 2. the world > relative properties > relationship > [adverb] > in relation or with reference to or concerning the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)] > concern or refer to 1543 J. Bale sig. Fiij The first matters respecteth hys dyscyples or parryshners vnder the tyttle of declaracyon. 1548 Princess Elizabeth & J. Bale tr. Queen Margaret of Angoulême f. 42 Excellent thynges they vttered, and matters of wysdome wonderfull, concernynge morall vertues. But these most hyghly respecteth the kyngedome of fayth and regyment of the sowle. 1563 sig. Bbb.iiii v For when it [sc. fasting] respecteth a good ende, it is a good worke. 1608 M. Fotherby iii. 60 Ioyfull singing..is called Exultation, and respecteth the springing and motion of the heart. 1663 S. Patrick (1668) xxviii. 323 The greatest wits want perspicacity in things that respect their own interest. 1705 T. Hearne (ed. 2) I. Pref. sig. A2 The two Parts of Knowledge which in a more eminent Degree respect the Common Good and Convenience of Mankind. 1759 S. Johnson II. xxix. 34 Even love and hatred respect the past, for the cause must have been before the effect. 1823 G. S. Faber I. v. 183 The primary question..would obviously respect the nature of that serpent. 1830 Jan. 21/1 One building, as far as respects the architecture, is in the most beautiful specimens of the residential style we have ever seen. 1866 July 676 The remaining part of the book respects man's position. 1917 132 This respects your fees, gentlemen; maybe your attention will be attracted to it. 1948 G. W. Taylor iii. 128 No unanimity of opinion exists as respects the desirability of such a board. 1995 J. R. Reed i. 12 The Lord's Prayer says nothing about forgiving sin as respects us. the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)] 1614 S. Latham ii. viii. 96 This scowring..resisteth rottennesse, also it greatly respecteth the head. 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Printer to Rdr. sig. Av For the use of these Books respects chiefly the Poor of this Nation. 1702 J. Floyer ii. 42 Moistening respects the Skin, but heating and cooling shews the Effects it has on the Humours. 1762 Ld. Kames II. xiv. 92 The appetites that respect the preservation and propagation of our species, are attended with a pain of want similar to that occasioned by habit. †3. the mind > attention and judgement > attention > take notice of, heed [verb (transitive)] 1543 J. Bale sig. L A lawe..ought to be iust, honest, easye to be borne, commodyouse to the contre, respectynge tyme and place. 1549 J. Old tr. Erasmus Paraphr. 1 Tim. f. xii v, in II It is not to be respected, howe many yeares thou hast lyued, but what office thou bearest. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cccxvjv I respected nothinge els, than that..I might enioy the inheritance of the heauenly kingdome. 1579 W. Wilkinson f. 16v The cunnyng Archer respecteth more to hitte the marke, than the curious watchyng of the clouen ayre. 1614 G. Meriton 34 He little respecteth where he clappes himselfe downe. 1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford ii. 29 Respect not the fourth below, but look to your fift above. 1715 D. Disney ii. xxxvi. 625 God respecteth his own Goodness, and not ours, in the offering of his Son. the mind > attention and judgement > attention > take notice of, heed [verb (transitive)] > take into account, consider 1548 E. Gest sig. Avi Is it not a deadely remorse to respect the worthy clerkes in thys realme, and ye greate number of them, and yet not one to wryte agaynste hyr? 1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca iii. i. sig. D.ii If ye respeckte our case, ye may not blame these old souldiars. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe 139 Not bycause it is of itselfe nothyng (if you respect the substaunce of it). 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin (new ed.) i. xvii. 45 The Kidney is shaped..like an Asarum leaf, if you respect the plane surface. 1712 R. Blackmore iii. 126 When we on fruitful Nature's Care reflect, And her Exhaustless Energy respect. 1806 C. Symmons 10 The first statesman, if we respect the illumination of the head and the amplitude of the heart, to whom our island has yet given birth. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] 1549 J. Old tr. Erasmus Paraphr. 1 Tim. f. ix, in II Whoso..desyreth the office of a Byshop, respectyng nothing elles but to doo good for manye. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cclxxxvv He would in no wyse assente to that,..and herein respected no daunger. 1574 W. Fulke sig. D.ijv If he had thought it conunenient, he would haue dispatched her sooner,..but hee respected another matter. 1602 B. Jonson ii. i. sig. Cv Gaine sauours sweetely from any thing; He that respects to get, must relish all commodities alike. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Pemble (1635) 1 I verily suppose there is none among you, who respects to heare his owne praises; if there be, I come not hither to give satisfaction to such. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini xvi. 933 For all the staye and fundation of his defence agaynst the French, consisting in themperour and in his armie, he was constrayned not onely to respect him as his prince, but also to liue subiected to the will of his capteines. a1593 C. Marlowe (c1600) sig. C2 Her goary coulours of reuenge, Whom I respect as leaues of boasting green. 1602 W. Warner (rev. ed.) xiii. lxxviii. 322 Corruption not Production should we Euelnesse respect. 1609 B. Jonson iii. sig. F4 To whom my father gaue this name of Gasper, And as his owne respected him to death. View more context for this quotation a1632 T. Taylor (1635) i. 3 He respected them [sc. the Fathers of the Church] as children; he erected for them in Iewry, a little free-schoole set up in a corner of the world. 4. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > look in specific direction the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look in specific direction society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > place charge on [verb (transitive)] > face 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria f. 322 The poynt of the needle styll respected the northe. 1562 G. Legh f. 79 v A Lion..is retourned from his praye & taketh his rest, respecting his ennemies. 1583 P. Stubbes sig. B4 Vpon the south side, it respecteth Germanie. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay i. iv These Ilands by a small diuision of the Sea, respect towardes the South and North. 1603 R. Knolles 795 That side of Malta which respecteth Sicilia, hath in it many good harbours. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 With their sharp and lunary part they respect the kidneys. 1688 R. Holme iii. 28/2 A Philip and Mary shilling hath a Man and Womans head respecting each other. 1707 J. Mortimer (1721) I. 374 The Rooms that respect each particular Coast,..as those Rooms..that regard the East. 1742 R. North & M. North 252 The latter stands on a sharp Cliff respecting the North. 1825 G. F. Lyon 147 To determine the situation of the magnetic pole, if there really be such a pole, and if not, at least to ascertain the point respected as such, by a needle in any particular place. 1863 C. Boutell (ed. 2) xiv. 133 Two lions rampant are introduced upon this seal, on either side of the shield, respecting it. 1866 May 343 Out of a mural crown Or a lion's head Ermines, crowned with an eastern crown of the first, and respecting to the sinister. 1909 A. C. Fox-Davies (2006) xii. 202 Two sea-horses respecting each other will be found in the coat of arms of Pirrie. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look at or behold 1567 sig. D God doth so guide the hartes of the iuste, That they respecte chiefly the celestiall treasure. 1596 Thanksgiving in W. K. Clay (1847) 668 Graciously respecting us in the merits of thy dear Son. 1620 115 Wise men will not view such persons but with scorn, nor respect them but with disesteem. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. xxxiiijv He did not one whit respecte the highnes or dignitie of any parson. 1563 B. Googe sig. E.iiiiv The gredye Grype, doth no estate respect, But wher he comes, he makes them down to fall. 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart 146 Death respects neither babe, young nor old, man nor woman, rich nor poore. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 131 in If..a man sets such a value upon such a thing, and does not respect the person or quality of any buyer. a1721 J. Sheffield (1753) I. 4 Who..respectest none, And neither spar'st the laurel, nor the crown! 1774 T. Reid vi. §2. 237 They will..respect nothing but facts sufficiently vouched. 1836 Earl Carnarvon I. xiii. 224 That bastard freedom which respects not the means so that the end be obtained. 1872 S. Smith liii. 264 It [sc. smallpox] did not respect rank or condition. 1953 C. C. Richardson tr. Didache in 173 When he comes to call us, he will not respect our station, but will call those whom the Spirit has made ready. 1991 Jan. (Suppl.) 5 (caption) Radiation does not respect nationality, animals, life and boundaries. 6. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] 1576 H. Kerton tr. Pope Innocent III ii. xi. sig. F Neyther dothe hee loue God aboue all things, who more than God respecteth Golde and Siluer. 1581 R. Parsons sig. H.iv The True & holy church of Christ, is a Congregation of Christians..so highly respected by him, as being boughte with his blood. 1582 405 God, when he made choise, and first loued Iacob, and refused Esau, respected them both as il. 1622 W. Gouge vi. 507 A strange place, where she [sc. the Virgin Mary] was so little respected, as she was not afforded a place meet for a woman in her case. the mind > emotion > pride > proper pride or self-respect > have proper pride or self-respect [verb (reflexive)] 1583 R. P. tr. P. de la Sierra ii. xxii. f. 282 Although they had not bene commaunded by the Princesse to respect him, yet they coulde not but doo all reuerence and curtesie vnto him. [Sp. Y aunque por la Princesa no los fuera mandado lo que les mando, les forçara a no poder hazer menos.] 1595 S. Daniel iii. xxxviii. sig. O3v Which meaner wights of trust, and credit bare Not so respected could not looke t' effect. 1618 R. Harris To Rdr. sig. A4v He much respected..euery learned and vnscandalous Preacher. 1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi vi. 181 I can truly bear him witness, that he most dearly respected them all. 1728 J. Swift 28 Mar. (2003) III. 171 I always loved and respected Sr Wm W. very much. 1785 W. Cowper ii. 377 To such I render more than mere respect, Whose actions say that they respect themselves. 1801 J. Gordon 65 Of a family highly respected for its ancient greatness by the lower classes of the Irish. 1846 T. B. Thorpe 58 The whole tribe had..learned to respect him. 1861 H. A. Jacobs ii. 21 Every body who knew her respected her intelligence. 1909 A. Bennett 87 Every Englishman who is interested in any branch of his native literature, and who respects himself, ought to own a comprehensive and inclusive library of English literature. 1933 J. Galsworthy xxxix. 358 She admires and respects him. 1967 H. Harrison in Jan. 53/2 Homosexuals in Periclean Greece were honored men, and respected for their love. 2006 20 Apr. 1/1 To ensure that elderly patients are respected rather than neglected. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)] 1613 S. Purchas vii. xii. 712 Iron they had not: Gold they respected not. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 134 Shall these papers lye, like Tel-tales here?.. If you respect them; best to take them vp. 1638 F. Junius 177 They did respect gemmes more than to mangle them with cutting. 1678 E. Phillips (new ed.) at Alabandic The Provence Rose..is respected more for its doubleness, than for its sweetness or use. 1796 E. Inchbald I. xii. 74 He..believed there was great worth in glittering appearances, and respected the ear-rings of Lady Clementina almost as much as he respected her. the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (transitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor > pledge or toast 1708 J. Philips i. 519 Whoever tastes, let him with grateful Heart Respect that ancient loyal House. 1739 A. Nicol 76 Good Ale and Usque ga'd about, In Healths, as they respected Their Friends that Day. the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > treat gently [verb (transitive)] > be tolerant of 1744 23 If to follow Nature, and to respect the Laws of Society, be Philosophy, he was a perfect Philosopher. 1745 R. Pococke II. 152 In the excursions which they make for pleasure they are commonly respected by the Arabs. 1776 E. Gibbon I. xvi. 545 Men of polished manners and liberal educations, who respected the rules of justice. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. vi. 17 Lewis had, like James, repeatedly promised to respect the privileges of his Protestant subjects. 1860 Mar. 382/2 France..must renounce all schemes of conquest or aggrandisement, respect boundaries and treaties, [etc.]. 1889 ‘Zeno’ xiv. 95 Policemen are respected in their capacity of guardians of ‘Law and Order’. 1914 C. M. Gayley III. p. xlix The Maides Tragedy and A King and no King..respect the unities of interest and effect. 1926 G. Hunting ii. 38 What sort was a man who did not instinctively respect the privacy of others? 1983 P. Ustinov iv. 39 Their rights and habits were respected along with those of the powerful landed gentry. 2007 May 158/1 The fishermen themselves are well aware of the need to respect the principles of sustainability. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > render similar to [verb (transitive)] > be like, resemble, or take after 1604 T. Wright (new ed.) 221 The heart..of man triangularly respecteth the blessed Trinitie, every corner a Person, and the solide substance your common Essence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.int.a1398 v.c1487 |
