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reredosn.  Brit.  /ˈrɪərədɒs/, /ˈrɛːrədɒs/, /ˈrɪədɒs/, U.S. /ˈrɛrəˌdɑs/, /ˈrɪr(ə)dɑs/Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French reredos. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reredos fireback (1321 or earlier), any of various decorations (e.g. screens, facings, hangings) at the back of or behind an altar (1392 or earlier) < rere- rear- comb. form + dos back (see doss n.1). Compare post-classical Latin retrodorsorium (1374, 1376 in British sources).In the 14th and 15th centuries reredos often occurs as a vernacular word in Latin documents, but it is normally unclear whether such instances show the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. With sense 1 compare:1396–7 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 123 In iij vayneschotes emp. pro j selour, et j reredos facta in camera capituli, 18 d.1452–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 277 Pro le sylorynge domus rasture et le rerdose ibidem, 14 s. 8 d. With sense 4a compare:1393 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 219 Item, pro factura de ij rakks..Item, pro factura j reredos pro eisdem. With sense 5a compare:1372–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 180 In contr. facta pro le rerdose ad magnum altare in ecclesia..14 d.1376–7 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 585 In exp..pro cariacione del Rerdos..5 s.1419 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 396 In ornamentum summi Altaris..videlicet Reredose, totaliter convertatur. With sense 5b compare:1446 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) p. cclxxiii Novum opus vocatum le Rerdoose, ad ostium chori, se extendit ad lxix l. iiij s.1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 288 Et a porta chori vocata le Reredos vsque orientem continet 47 gressus. With sense 6 compare:1382 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) p. cliii Unum rerdose broudatum cum crucifixo et imaginibus.1415 Inventory in Archaeologia (1918) 70 98 j Celur cum j reredos..j reredos cum j frount et ij curtyns de Tartarin viridi radiato. Senses 2 and 3 apparently show transferred uses of the word which are unparalleled in French (unless quot. 1405 at sense 3 is taken as showing an Anglo-Norman rather than a Middle English word). The β. forms show elision of the second syllable, the δ. forms alteration after classical Latin dorsum back (see dorse n.1), and the γ. forms show both of these features. The forms redrosse and rardros show metathesis. A supposed isolated attestation of Anglo-Norman *areredos fireback (1399 in Rolls of Parl. 431/2) is likely to be a misreading for la reredos; the context is as follows: la chambre arere la reredos ‘the room behind the fireback’. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > wooden panelling > behind seat 1387 in A. H. Thomas (1932) III. 130 (MED) [A] rierdos [of] Estrichbord [18 feet long, 13 s. 4 d.]. 1842 J. Gwilt i. iii. 180 The rere-dos was a sort of framed canopy hung with tapestry, and fixed behind the sovereign or chieftain. society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear c1400 (Rawl. B. 171) 251 Þe forsaide Erl Marchal was al aredy with his bataile at þe redose of þe Erl of Lancastre forto haue fouȝten wiþ him and wiþ his folc. society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > back-plate 1405 in J. Raine (1859) 9 (note) (MED) [To his brother Richard he leaves..a breast-plate with] rerodos, [a pair of] rerebraces, [etc.]. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iii. 62 Some chose..For to be sure myd of al her foos An hole brest-plate with a rere-doos Be-hynde schet. 4. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > back 1423 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 147 (MED) Robert Smyth dede paie of his owne good x li. for to departe þe hous yn diuerse Chambres..with pavyng of þe kechon and makyng of þe ston wall for þe reredose. 1455 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 360 Paye for herthis makynge and reredosis with pavmente in the kechyn and settynge of the rakkes, xlvij s. ii d. ob. c1503 R. Arnold f. xxxijv/2 Also ye shall enquire..yf ther be ony chemeny yt hath a rerdoes made vncumly od' wise than it ought to be for perill of fire. 1548 f. lxxiiij By Ouens, harthes, reredorses, Chimnayes, Ranges, and suche instrumentes that there was ordained. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. x. f. 85/2, in R. Holinshed I Eache one made his fire against a reredosse, in the hall where he dined and dressed his meate. 1657 J. Howell 394 All Armorers and other artificers..which have or use any Reardorses, or any other places dangerous for fire. 1720 J. Strype (rev. ed.) II. iv. ii. 35/1 In London, by the Law no Man may build, or make a Reredorse for the Fire of Charcoals within any House. 1836 J. Downes I. 308 The ‘reredoss’ or antique ironback of the chimney place, still used in the Welsh farm of older fashion. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton I. i. v. 87 There was no rere-dosse, or fire-place. 1861 127 The billets were heaped against the reredos, or plate of iron fixed against the back of the chimneys. 1943 43 92/2 It is obvious that he has ignored the literature (such as the Welsh Laws) concerning the highly-developed central fireplace of pre-Norman and later times, with its stone fireback or ‘reredos’. 2005 C. Baden-Powell 1 (caption) Central hearth with reredos in a croft [in] Birsay in Orkney. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > portable receptacle for burning fuel 1859 J. H. Parker III. iii. 57 The reredos, or brazier for the fire of logs, in the centre of the hall, continued in use. 1864 R. Kerr i. vii. 39 The reredos or brazier retained its general place in the centre of the floor. 1936 G. H. Reed 15 The fire in the hall continued to be lighted on the ‘reredos’ or brazier in the middle. 5. Christian Church. society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > parts of altar > [noun] > back 1447–8 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) I. 355 Fro the reredos atte the high auter vnto the quere dore. 1463 in S. Tymms (1850) 19 (MED) I yeve and be qwethe x marks to the peyntyng rerdoos and table at Seynt Marie avter of the story of Magnificat. 1519 in J. Raine (1859) 267 The goodly reyredewse is so full of dust and copwebbes that by lyklyode it shalbe shortly lost. c1541 in (1821) 19 272 The Reredose at the highe Altar..ys excellently well wrought and as well gylted. 1843 2 22 The reredos is richly arcaded. 1850 J. H. Parker (ed. 5) I. 384 At Bampton, Oxfordshire, a very perfect reredos remains in the east wall of the north transept, where an altar has stood. a1878 G. G. Scott (1879) I. 181 The remarkably ancient retable or movable reredos formerly belonging to the high altar. 1910 J. Addams xi. 246 An Italian..had redecorated the doorposts of his tenement with a beautiful pattern he had previously used in carving the reredos of a Neapolitan church. 1942 91 29 (caption) There is nothing elegant in this interior except for the reredos by William Dyce, the ‘Nazarene’ amongst English Early-Victorian painters. 1992 R. Rodriguez v. 126 An antique gas heater near the entrance seems as much a relic of olden times on this hot day as the painted reredos behind the altar. society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > screen > [noun] 1745 F. Blomefield xxxviii. 381 The Bishop paved the Cathedral, made the beautifull carved Roof of the Nave of the Church, and built that transverse Stone Partition, Reredos, or Roodloft, which now remains, on which he placed the principal Rood or Crucifix. 1861 24 Oct. The five remaining bays [of the choir]..have been restored; only three of them, though, will be within the reredos. 1951 N. Pevsner (Buildings of Eng.) 148 The interior is all the more surprising: unaisled and with a chancel, or rather retro-choir, appearing in a stage fashion between two tall columns of dark wood and above a low reredos of wood. society > faith > artefacts > cloths, carpets, cushions > cloth (general) > altar cloth > [noun] > at back 1448 Acct. in (1906) 12 14 (MED) Item, a frontell of blew & grene baudkyn..to heng under ye same frontell wt a reredose of yesame to henth abow the Auteer wt a crucifyx. 1450 in A. Clark (1914) 39 (MED) I besett to Richard Clarell a apparell for a auter, that is, a Reredose red of clothe of Sylk with a Crucifix therupon. 1482 (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/7) f. 99v An aulter cloth doce & redoce of the same [sc. red velvet]. a1524 Will Sir R. Sutton in R. Churton (1800) 521 A Dorse and Redorse of Crymsyn Velvet with Flowres of Golde, in length, two yards three quarters. 1552 in W. Page (1897) 74 A redrosse and vendrosse of yalowe and greine saye and curteyns to the same. 1552 in W. Page (1897) 163 One rardros and vandros for th'alter. 1559 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes (1977) 97 2 Copes A reredowse and 2 cowrse vestmenttes with thynges therto belongynge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1387 |