resistancen.
/rᵻˈzɪst(ə)ns/, U.S. /rəˈzɪst(ə)ns/, /riˈzɪst(ə)ns/ 1.
a. The action of resisting, opposing, or withstanding someone or something; an instance of this. Sometimes with to, †of.passive resistance: see main entry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance
witherOE
wiþerstrencþc1175
withstanding1303
resistancea1325
gainstandinga1340
withsetting1340
resistencec1390
again-standingc1400
resisting1436
repugnance?a1439
gainstandc1470
disstandingc1485
against-standinga1500
repugnancya1500
resist1535
objection1543
reluctation1593
resistment1605
rebeck1609
reluctance1609
reluctancy1613
obluctation1615
redaction1621
resistencya1623
obstrigillation1623
resistal1631
resistancy1656
recalcitration1658
stemc1700
calcitration1867
push-back1984
society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > [noun] > resisting
resistancea1325
defendingc1350
defencea1513
resistence1548
counterstrength1579
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 56 Ant ȝif parauenture þe schirreue come, ant uinde resistaunce, he sal certefien þe curt of namene of hoem alle þat withstondez þe kinges precept.
1417 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 59 (MED) He hath erected a new tower..for a warde to putt therwith a greate fortificacion aboute the same for resistance of the sayd enimies.
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) l. 2666 (MED) He hopith fully to conquerre Fraunce; Ayen him ys no resistaunce.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Eccl. iv. 12 One maye be ouercome, but two maye make resistaunce.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxij They tende to a publique peace, and to the resistaunce of Christes ennemies.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 165 Making no resistance to his appetites and demaunds, but letting all ly unfortified, unbard, and unlockt.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 175 Such is all resistance to the essentiall Rights of Soveraignty.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 229 They met with a stout resistance.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. viii. 143 Cases..in which, sudden Resistance is the only Security.
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xvi. 115 There is yet a spirit of resistance in this country, which will not submit to be oppressed.
1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 596 The efforts..for organizing a civic and national resistance.
1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. ii. 77 Whenever a horse makes resistance, the saddlery should be carefully examined.
1897 Daily News 27 Nov. 5/7 The hillmen offered a stubborn resistance to the advance along its whole length.
1930 X Marks Spot 24/1 [They] knew there was no escape for them when they were arrested... They offered no resistance as they were led out of a building into a squad car.
1962 Daily Tel. 2 Apr. 12/2 Southern segregationists are yielding to the inevitable, or at least refraining from militant resistance.
2003 Independent 21 Mar. i. 11/1 An intense psychological operation..intended to persuade the people and soldiers of Iraq to abandon their president and offer no resistance to the ground invasion when it begins.
b. Organized (in later use usually covert) opposition to an invading, occupying, or ruling power; (an organized body of) individuals engaged in such opposition; spec. (usually with the and capital initial) (in the Second World War (1939–45)), the underground movement formed in France in June 1940 with the object of resisting the authority of the German occupying forces and the Vichy government. Cf. French Resistance n. at French adj. and n. Compounds 1b, pocket of resistance at pocket n. 8b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > sedition > [noun] > organized covert opposition
resistance1862
1862 W. H. Jervis Hist. France v. §6. 65 Witikind became the hero of the Saxon resistance.
a1901 J. Fiske Ess. Hist. & Literary (1902) i. i. 28 He condemned the resistance which was beginning to organize itself under the leadership of Samuel Adams, as tending inevitably toward counter-resistance and strife.
1939 War Illustr. 28 Oct. 217/1 Underground resistance to Hitler has been organized amongst the workers in all the big industrial centres of Germany.
1940 Times 19 June 6/3 General de Gaulle..broadcast from London a message to the French nation last night. The text of his speech..is as follows:..Whatever happens the flame of French resistance must not and shall not be extinguished.
1944 C. Beaton Diary 11 Nov. in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) xv. 165 Suspected members of the Resistance were punished beyond human endurance in order that they should give away the names of others in the movement.
1967 Freedomways 7 143 The men and women who have been notable in African history—not only the rulers and statesmen, but also the educators and scholars, writers and artists, religious leaders, heroes of resistance.
1981 Guardian 2 June 6/7 In the many rural areas [of Afghanistan] under the control of the resistance and unchallenged by the Russians, the insurgents impose their own curfew.
2006 Jewish Renaissance Apr. 14/1 [She] is reputed to have led the Berber resistance in Algeria and Morocco, slowing down the Arabs' westward movement.
2.
a. The impeding or stopping effect exerted on an object or substance by another, or by a force; the susceptibility to such an effect on the part of an object or structure.air, peripheral, wave, wind resistance, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > resistance
resistance1578
renitation1598
renitency1613
renitence1659
obsistency1676
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man f. 34 The Processe of Tibia being the inner ancle, and the outer head of Fibula, these ij. make strong resistaunce, least Talus to Tibia articulated should on any side slippe from his seate.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 80 The Heauens in their motion find no Resistance.
1645 E. Waller Wks. 78 Musick so softens and disarmes the mind, That not an Arrow does resistance find.
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. iii. xv. 154 I define resistance to be the endeavour of one moved Body..contrary to the endeavour of another moved Body.
1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. II. v. §4. 710 They are stopp'd and repell'd by the Resistance of the neighbouring Vortices.
1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxii. 123 If I put my Finger to any of its Parts, I ought to feel the Resistance.
1753 R. Parsons Christian Directory (rev. ed.) i. xii. 333 The glorified body will be enabled to pierce and penetrate any other bodies whatsoever; as walls, doors, the earth or firmament, without any resistance.
1831 D. Lardner Hydrostatics ix. 192 The resistance of different fluids will be different according to their specific gravities.
c1860 M. Faraday Var. Forces Nature i. 41 The resistance of the air having been avoided.
1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 15 Frictional resistance causes decay in the amplitude of the oscillations.
1931 J. E. Younger Airplane Constr. & Repair iii. 48 Some airplanes are designed with landing gears which fold up into the fuselage and hence offer no direct wind resistance.
1947 J. M. Edwards in P. I. Smith Pract. Plastics ix. 130/2 The hardness of a substance may be defined as its resistance to penetration.
2000 J. C. Wheeler Cosmic Catastrophes viii. 140 The result is absolutely zero viscosity, no resistance to motion.
b. As a count noun: an instance of this; an amount or degree of this.
ΚΠ
1660 J. Gauden Petitionary Remonstr. 5 Things that meet with the hardest repulse, and resistances downwards, do usually make the greatest rebounde and ascent upwards.
1720 J. Keill tr. W. J. 's Gravesande Math. Elem. Physicks i. xvi. 66 We have consider'd the Actions of Powers and Weights acting upon Obstacles, and other Resistances.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Though the hypothesis of a fluid..be of great use in explaining the nature of resistances.
1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 3 89/2 To overcome what are called the friction and resistances of the engine.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 186 A steam pressure of 150 lbs, exclusive of engine resistances.
1949 A. C. Walshaw Heat Engines (ed. 3) iii. 73 The power..necessary to overcome the frictional resistances of the moving parts.
2003 B. D. Hall in C. N. Hewitt & A. V. Jackson Handbk. Atmospheric Sci. xii. 315/2 Before individual resistances are discussed, it is worth contrasting the bulk model with a more realistic multi-layer approach.
3.
a. Power or capacity to resist something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance > capacity of resisting
resistance1590
resistibility1646
refractoriness1805
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 4 b If they were of diuerse lengths..and thereby..of lesse force and resistance.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 838 They astonisht all resistance lost, All courage. View more context for this quotation
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 19 When the Earth on which we would make Pillars or Piers is of [un]equal resistance, that is to say, not good.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) In the comparing together the resistances to all velocities.
1894 H. S. Maxim in Daily News 4 June 5/7 Provided he can produce something which has greater resistance for its weight than steel or copper bronzes.
1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 360/1 Your American methods of super-heating have weakened my resistance so completely that unless I am on the verge of perspiration I begin to think I have caught cold.
1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xv. 219 The resulting fibre..is considerably superior to ordinary viscose silk in its resistance to moisture.
1981 T. C. Boyle Water Music (1983) iii. 412 She can't help feeling a tug of regret, a resistance to the idea of leaving.
2008 Independent 11 Jan. 32/7 Deceptively alcoholic drinks that will lower a woman's resistance to sexual advances.
b. Natural or acquired ability to withstand disease, infection, or attack by pests; an instance of this. Frequently with to.
ΚΠ
a1793 J. Hunter Treat. Blood, Inflammation, & Gun-shot Wounds (1794) 3 How far resistance to disease, and powers of restoration, depend on the powers of life, or simply on the powers of action, I cannot say.
1833 J. Gregory View Theory Med. (ed. 2) xxii. 216 In their delicate bodies, there is an astonishing resistance to disease, and they often recover beyond all expectation.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 637 Not that these good people have a greater resistance to the fever than the Jamaica Christians.
1927 Daily Express 18 June 9/2 It may well be that chemical and medical research will discover this natural immuniser, which will strengthen resistance to cancer in all individuals.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 3/3 (advt.) It kills by millions the threatening ‘secondary invaders’—germs that usually inhabit even normal mouths, waiting until resistance is low to strike.
1975 A. Ayckbourn Round & round Garden 32 He's either got feeble resistance or else he's a terrific hypochondriac.
1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) vii. vii. 291/1 Variants of the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase..give carriers increased resistance to malaria.
2006 Saltscapes (Canada) July–Aug. 49/2 Some prefer the disease resistance and early, heavy fruiting of new hybrids.
c. Lack of sensitivity to the action of an antibiotic or other drug, a pesticide, etc.; esp. loss of such sensitivity occurring after initial exposure to the agent. Frequently with to. Cf. Compounds 5.drug, insulin resistance: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1833 P. F. O. Rayer & W. B. Dickinson Treat. Dis. Skin p. xxv The deplorable resistance which some chronic diseases of the skin offer to external applications, has given rise to some bold experiments on the internal use of the tincture of cantharides.
1884 G. M. Sternberg & A. Magnin Bacteria (ed. 2) iv. 214 The different bacteria..differ within certain limits as regards vital resistance to the action of germicide agents.
1917 Jrnl. Pharmacol. 9 363 The increase in resistance to Lugol's solution did not go beyond three times.
1953 Sun (Baltimore) 9 Sept. (B ed.) 3/4 How germs develop resistance to the drugs.
1994 Guardian 24 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 58/5 The tomato is resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin and this resistance might well be passed on to the human gut.
2008 Observer 21 Sept. (Food Monthly Suppl.) 59/1 Misuse of the fluoroquinolones is increasingly blamed for the rise in resistance to anti-bacterial medicines.
d. The ability of a material or object to withstand some phenomenon or process. Usually with to. Cf. Compounds 5.abrasion, rub, scuff, shrink resistance, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance > specifically of one thing to another
reaction1599
reluctancy1625
resistance1833
water resistance1921
1833 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 23 325 The furnace may be either of cast or rolled iron, the latter being preferable on account of its lightness and pliability; the former, for its resistance to corrosion.
1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) iv. 284 The rocks offering many varying degrees of resistance to erosion, they are worn down unequally.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliii. 834 Manganese brass... It is used for ships' propellers, where toughness and resistance to corrosion are specially important.
1944 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 181/1 Lens cement..must possess both transparency and resistance to discoloration.
1945 H. C. Town & D. Potter Cutting Tool Pract. iii. 30 Special alloy steel oil toughened tangs..offer the maximum resistance to a twisting movement.
2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) ii. 31/3 Bearing grease designed to give exceptional resistance to water washout.
4.
a. The tendency to slow or hinder the conduction of electricity; a similar tendency in regard to heat or magnetism (cf. reluctance n. 5); spec. the degree to which a substance or device slows or hinders the passage of a steady electric current; a measure of this (symbol R).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun]
resistance1746
R1842
water resistance1859
resistivity1885
skin effect1890
high-frequency resistance1892
leak1896
negative resistance1896
photoresistance1925
piezoresistance1954
piezoresistivity1958
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [noun] > failure to conduct
insulation1822
non-conduction1828
non-conductibility1844
resistance1871
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > non-conductivity
resistance1888
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > resistance to conduction
resistivity1885
reluctance1888
reluctancy1888
resistance1888
reluctivity1892
1746 B. Wilson Ess. Explic. Phænomena of Electr. 67 When a denser body than air is near the electrified body B..the resistance on that side of the body B, which is farthest from the dense body, is greater than between B and the other body.
1767 J. Priestley Hist. & Present State Electr. 116 The difference between electric and non electric bodies was owing to the different resistance..to the passage of the electric fluid.
1842 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 137 The beautiful law of Ohm, and the simple expression which he has given of the electromotive force and resistances of a voltaic circuit.
1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §282 To determine the thermal resistance of various liquids.
1888 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 25 422 I will now for a moment compare the case of magnetic resistance with a natural case of ordinary resistance.
1963 A. F. Abbott Ordinary Level Physics xxxvii. 479 The resistance of a wire depends on its dimensions and the material from which it is made.
1987 Harrowsmith Nov.–Dec. 134/3 The wood in a 2-by-6 exterior wall effectively reduces its thermal resistance.
2008 Personal Computer World Aug. 18/3 Even a simple piece of wire can be shown to have some degree of capacitance, resistance and inductance.
b. An electrical component considered with respect to its resistance; spec. a resistor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > non-conductor, resistor
resister1760
resistance coil1843
rheostat1843
resistance box1867
resistance1878
resistor1905
1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 45/2 In the quicksilver agometer of Müller..the resistance is formed by a column of mercury of variable length.
1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) ii. 20 An accurately shunted fraction of the current passes through a ballast resistance and through the cell.
1969 E. P. Anderson Home Appliance Servicing (ed. 2) iii. 32 The drops in voltage across the individual resistances in a series circuit are equal to the total impressed voltage.
2005 T. Williams Circuit Designer's Compan. (ed. 2) ix. 314 The heat source can be represented electrically as a current source; the thermal impedances as resistances.
5. Psychoanalysis. Opposition (whether conscious or unconscious) to the process of bringing back to consciousness repressed memories, thoughts, feelings, or desires; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > repression
suppression1896
resistance1905
repression1909
scotomization1927
1905 Psychol. Bull. 2 256 Resistance (in the form of indifference, etc.), would greatly delay the inquiry.
1909 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Sel. Papers on Hysteria vii. 167 I started with the presupposition that..this paranoia must contain unconscious thoughts and repressed reminiscences which have to be brought to consciousness..by overcoming a certain resistance.
1951 P. M. Symonds Ego & Self xii. 175 In order to defend the ego against anxiety, resistances are built up against the recognition of these unconscious impulses.
1988 P. Thompson Voice of Past (ed. 2) v. 156 Nor will it help us much to consider whether or not the typical ‘resistance’ of the analysand—secretive, hidden, obdurate—might be understood through the analogy of childhood refusals to be fed or weaned or to defecate in the right place.
Phrases
P1.
line of least resistance n. [after French ligne de moindre résistance (1743 in military use, in the passage translated in quot. 1746; the extended use is apparently unparalleled until later (1932 or earlier))] (a) Military and Mining a straight line extending from the centre of an explosive charge at right angles to the surface of the ground, this being the direction in which the force of the blast will encounter least resistance; (b) (in extended use) the easiest route, method, course of action, etc. (also path, etc., of least resistance).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > [noun] > that which is easy > easy way or method
primrose path1604
primrose waya1616
line of least resistance1746
plain sailing1756
royal road1793
plane sailing1850
pipe course1923
1746 tr. G. Le Blond Treat. Artillery xii. 75 This perpendicular line, erected from the top of the chamber, which shows the height or thickness of the ground to be raised, is called the line of least resistance.
1789 E. Hewgill tr. J. G. Tielke Field Engineer II. ii. xvi. 41 When you have squared the depth of the fougass or the line of least resistance, lay aside the last figure.
1839 Q. Rev. Jan. 15 It is true that it is possible for the boiler to explode, yet, as the safety-valve is the line of least resistance, that accident..can be so easily provided against, that it is not now apprehended.
1865 J. S. Mill Auguste Comte 101 In the play of antagonistic forces, the path it [sc. our intelligence] points out is (in scientific phraseology) the direction of least resistance.
1871 G. E. Voyle Dict. Artillery Terms (ed. 2) 213/1 By taking 1/10 of the cube of the line of least resistance in feet, the proper charge of powder..is given in pounds.
1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 498 Submission of opinion..is clearly a path of least resistance—a way in which men avoid the difficulties of differing from the community in which they live.
1908 W. McDougall Introd. Social Psychol. vii. 179 He often seems to act, not in the line of least resistance, but in the line of greatest resistance.
1923 W. G. Boulton Blasting with High Explosives xv. 45 L = Line of least resistance in feet... The line of resistance is the shortest distance from the chamber to the surface.
1988 E. Segal Doctors xxvii. 407 After graduation he had chosen the path of least resistance and lived at home.
2002 A. H. Cordesman Peace & War xv. 619 Creeping proliferation will follow the line of least resistance.
P2.
line of resistance n. (a) the line along which a resistive force acts; spec. (in an arch) a line joining the points on the interfaces between adjacent pieces where the resultants of the forces between the pieces act; (b) Military a line of defence whose main purpose is to resist attacking forces.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > resistance > line of
line of resistance1773
1773 T. Hatton Introd. Clock & Watch Work 110 But it is plain, that the versed line is the line of resistance.
1803 R. T. Wilson Hist. Brit. Exped. Egypt 249 The boghaz and flat shore form an almost insuperable first line of resistance to any attempt of debarkation.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xix. 521 The direction of the crack is regulated chiefly by the force applied by the hands, being usually across the line of resistance to that force.
1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. x. 122 This moral character of the arch is called by architects its ‘Line of Resistance’.
1895 Science 22 Nov. 678/1 During the closing stages the line of resistance for the movement of the ice was diagonally across the Hudson.
1918 Memorandum 27 Oct. in F. L. Huidekoper Hist. 33rd Division, A.E.F. (1921) App. 620 The troops withdrawn will be used to reinforce the Line of Resistance.
2003 C. Beall Masonry Design & Detailing (ed. 5) xi. 371 For such arches, the line of resistance..is required to fall within the middle third of the arch section.
2008 R. U. Newton in T. J. Chandler & L. E. Lee Conditioning Strength Human Performance v. 84/2 The line of resistance for a given exercise can be in any direction.
Compounds
C1.
a. Relating to or involving resistance to force or pressure.† resistance-attribute n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. v. §63. 232 The resistance-attribute of Matter must be regarded as primordial.
b. Relating to or connected with electrical resistance (sense 4a).
resistance-capacitance n.
ΚΠ
1917 A. E. Kennelly Artific. Electric Lines xvii. 310 The types of line met with in ordinary engineering practice are..the resistance-capacitance and inductance-capacitance types.
1942 E. Williams Thermionic Valve Circuits iii. 33 The condenser, C2, is therefore omitted and the circuit becomes the orthodox Resistance-capacitance Coupling circuit.
2002 M. Reinhardt Automatic Layout Modification iii. 34 These resistance-capacitance (RC) elements will then be fed back into the simulation.
resistance capacity n.
ΚΠ
1921 Physical Rev. 18 148 Measurements of the detecting efficiency..of a two and three tube resistance-capacity coupled amplifier.
1939 H. J. Hicks Princ. & Pract. Radio Servicing xiii. 228 If the resistance-capacity filter in the a.v.c. line loses its effectiveness, a howl will result.
2003 L. A. Geddes in R. M. Fish et al. Med. & Biomed. Aspects Electr. Injuries xxi. 229/2 Thereby allowing the use of stable resistance-capacity coupled amplifiers.
resistance-coupled adj.
ΚΠ
1917 Proc. IRE 5 143 An impedance Z..may take the form of a pure resistance in the case of a resistance-coupled amplifier.
2006 T. P. Sarkar Hist. Wireless xi. 339 The first stage of RF amplification is resistance-coupled.
resistance coupling n.
ΚΠ
1907 U.S. Patent 872,938 2/1 Figs. 2–6, inclusive, show diagrammatically several motor and resistance couplings.
1921 J. Scott-Taggart Thermionic Tubes vi. 207 A form of coupling between successive valves in an amplifier which has been of considerable use is that known as ‘resistance coupling’.
2003 J. Arrillaga & N. R. Watson Power Syst. Harmonics (ed. 2) vii. 285 In a three-phase model the presence of shunt conductance and series resistance coupling between phases..reduces the resonant peak voltages.
C2.
a. With reference to organized (esp. covert) opposition to an invading, occupying, or ruling power (cf. sense 1b).Some of the more established compounds of this type are entered separately at Compounds 2b.
ΚΠ
1850 Amer. Whig Rev. Dec. 602/2 Under the lead of such Hotspurs as I perceive to be at the head of the resistance forces.
1940 Pacific Affairs 13 420 They [sc. the people of the Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border District]..respond strongly to every government mobilization effort, voluntarily gathering people and sending them to the various corps doing each kind of resistance work.
1942 Times 29 Dec. 3/3 The National Committee..has been able to..assume the direction of the resistance organizations on our territory.
1944 Daily Tel. 15 May 4 Mr. Wareing reveals..the existence of a Resistance plan to seize power.
1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Mar. 149/1 The sexual fantasies of various Resistance and non-resistant figures.
1959 Listener 16 Apr. 674/3 Fighting between Tibetan resistance forces and the Chinese.
1969 F. Halliday in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 317 Students also provided the cadres for the various resistance networks..which channelled arms, funds and information to the FLN.
1975 N. Freeling What are Bugles blowing For? vii. 45 Was he a Resistance hero then?
1992 N.Y. Times 19 Jan. i. 10/1 Kurdish guerrillas in the north and Shiite Muslim resistance forces in the south ‘can be a dimension of an approach’ to attack Mr. Hussein's power base.
2008 Waterloo (Ont.) Region Record (Nexis) 21 June w10 One no longer knew whether the neighbours were collaborators or resistance workers.
b.
resistance cell n.
ΚΠ
1941 Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) 2 Oct. 8/6 The bloody purge..is aimed at destroying all persons capable of organizing the Czech people into resistance cells.
1972 D. Ramsay Little Murder Music 139 I succeeded in making my way to a resistance cell.
2004 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 25 Nov. 4 A seven-year-old Springer spaniel..broke a resistance cell in Iraq when he discovered a hidden cache of weapons and explosives.
resistance fighter n.
ΚΠ
1944 Salamanca (N.Y.) Republican Press 6 Mar. 1/1 Throughout France many troops are required to keep resistance fighters from gaining control.
1976 H. Tracy Death in Reserve xxii. 172 The local gendarmerie, guided by the old Resistance fighters,..covered the flanks.
1990 Connoisseur Sept. 42/2 (caption) The look confers the stature of a resistance fighter on a woman of any age.
resistance leader n.
ΚΠ
1943 Times 22 Dec. 5/7 The tendency has not been for the gathering of resistance leaders to court the Committee for grants of greater power.
1994 Bottom Line 15 Aug. 13/1 Vittorio De Sica plays a wartime con man arrested by the Germans and forced to pose as an Italian Resistance leader.
2007 W. Stevenson Spymistress xxxvii. 293 Vera was there to meet Resistance leaders from the two largest quarreling factions: Gaullists and communists.
resistance movement n.
ΚΠ
1880 Times 19 Aug. 5/3 The Minister of War..had formerly played an important part in the resistance movement and had even been vice-president of the League.
1943 New Yorker 29 May 45/1 The Nazis..had decided to kill the French railroad men's resistance movement..by inviting twelve thousand French railway workers to go to Germany.
1978 R. V. Jones Most Secret War xxiii. 189 It would be some time before the Resistance movements began to operate coherently.
2003 Independent 20 Aug. 2/6 This is not the first indication that the ‘internationals’ are in the sights of Iraq's fast-growing resistance movement.
C3. Relating to physical training or conditioning that involves working or moving against resistance, such as weight training, use of a stationary bicycle or running machine, etc.
a. General attributive, as resistance exercise, resistance running, resistance work, etc.
ΚΠ
1896 W. Ewart Gout & Goutiness & Their Treatm. 476 A heart free from valvular defect can quickly be trained to efficiency by Schott's resistance exercises.
1956 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 56 378 (caption) The starting position for resistance exercise for the quadriceps muscle.
1979 Chicago Tribune 17 Jan. vii. 6/2 It's a form of power- or resistance-running.
1991 Bicycling Feb. 42/1 He also rides a resistance trainer 30 minutes a day and dabbles in mountain biking and cyclocross.
2005 Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois) (Nexis) 23 Apr. b1 Grigsby spend four of the five days on weight training and resistance running.
2008 Independent 29 Jan. (Extra section) 9/4 If you do resistance work (with weights) in a proper circuit format, it works you whole body, upper and lower, and your heart.
b.
resistance training n.
ΚΠ
1956 Physical Educator of Phi Epsilon Kappa May 68/1 By using a relatively small amount of intensive progressive resistance training, significant increases in strength and endurance were produced.
2006 Weight Watchers Mag. June 101/2 By adding in resistance training Joan will become stronger, more toned and she will also increase her calorie-burning potential.
C4.
resistance band n. (a) an electrical resistor in the form of a metal strip (now rare); (b) an elastic band used to perform various exercises in resistance training.
ΚΠ
1897 E. F. Smith tr. F. Oettel Pract. Exercises Electrochem. 11 The conducting wire from the other pole passes successively through the safety fuse, the rheostat, and the resistance band or strip.
1910 W. M. Shepard & A. G. Jones Watthour Meter vi. 102 The current in passing through the resistance band heats the air in the glass bulb.
1985 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 3 Nov. (Stars section) 18/5 Using weights and resistance bands can add variety to your program.
2004 J. Milligan Resistance Band Workout 6/1 Resistance bands provide training without the use of expensive equipment or the need to join a gym.
resistance box n. a box having two or more terminals and containing a number of electrical resistors of different calibrated values, such that any combination of them may be chosen using controls on the box; cf. post office box n. (b) at post office n. Compounds 2, decade box at decade n. 1b(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > non-conductor, resistor
resister1760
resistance coil1843
rheostat1843
resistance box1867
resistance1878
resistor1905
1867 R. Sabine Electr. Telegr. ii. 253 (heading) Siemens' resistance boxes.
1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat i. 25 You decide to use the potentiometer method and obtain a cell of E.M.F. 2 volts, a resistance box going up to 2000 ohms and a supply of uniform wire of resistance 0.100 ohms per cm.
2000 J. Breithaupt New Understanding Physics for Adv. Level (ed. 4) xxiii. 485/1 A standard cell of e.m.f. 1.08 V is balanced by the p.d. across one of the resistance boxes set at 510 ohms.
resistance coil n. an electrical resistor in the form of a coil of wire, usually one of known resistance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > non-conductor, resistor
resister1760
resistance coil1843
rheostat1843
resistance box1867
resistance1878
resistor1905
1843 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 133 327 The current is afterwards equally divided between the coil of the galvanometer and the resistance coil K.
1935 H. C. Turner & E. H. W. Banner Electr. Measurem. xi. 127 The Crompton type is one of the most widely used potentiometers; in this, instead of a continuous slide wire covering the whole voltage range, resistance coils are used with a selector switch.
1976 Rev. Sci. Instruments 47 1343/1 In this paper, we describe a new modification of the diamond anvil press in which heating is achieved by placing a resistance coil immediately around the two diamond anvils.
2006 H. C. Roberts & W. P. Durden in B. G. Lipták Instrument Engineers' Handbk. (ed. 4) II. v. 1010/2 One form [of time delay relay] consists of a thermal bimetal strip wound with a resistance coil. The coil heats on the application of a current.
resistance furnace n. [after German Widerstandsofen (1896 (in the source translated in quot. 1897) or earlier)] an electric furnace in which the heat is generated by the passage of a current through conductors of high resistance.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > types of furnace by method of operation
lamp-furnace1651
wind-furnace1651
reverbatory1656
blast furnace1706
revolver1879
run-out1881
flame-furnace1888
producer1890
resistance furnace1897
induction furnace1907
suction plant1909
high-frequency induction furnace1918
solar furnace1924
roller hearth furnace1927
1897 W. G. McMillan tr. W. Borchers Electric Smelting & Refining ii. i. 111 (heading) Modified Borchers' resistance furnace.
1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxiv. 602 Furnaces of the smothered-arc type produce a higher proportion of blue powder than resistance furnaces.
2007 M. E. Schlesinger Aluminum Recycling x. 160 Electric resistance furnaces feature a wire element looped throughout the sides of the furnace.
resistance gene n. Genetics a gene involved in the process of resistance to a disease, pathogen, drug, etc.; esp. a gene involved in the process of antibiotic resistance in a bacterium or other pathogenic microorganism.
ΚΠ
1931 G. H. Rieman in Jrnl. Agric. Res. 42 276 A classification based solely on resistance tests would not indicate clearly the presence of an inhibitor of resistance gene.]
1939 Lancet 24 June 1473/2 The wheats from Transcaucasia and the Mediterranean contain the greatest number of resistance genes [to rust fungi].
1975 J. H. Burnett Mycogenetics ii. 31 In Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis there will be as many genes determining virulence as there are resistance genes in the host.
2006 Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 50 3003 A small proportion of isolates recovered from feces did not express one or more resistance genes, despite retaining the pVE46 plasmid.
resistance helix n. rare = resistance coil n.
ΚΠ
1906 W. S. Franklin & W. Esty Elem. Electr. Engin. I. iii. 89 One end of the resistance helix is connected to one of the terminal binding posts.
2003 D. S. Kayser et al. in B. G. Lipták Instrument Engineers' Handbk. (ed. 4) I. iii. 527/1 This presses the resistance helix winding into the gold contact stripe on the base strip.
resistance level n. Stock Market an upper price level for a security or commodity that is repeatedly reached but not exceeded due to market resistance; cf. support level n. at support n. Compounds 3.Originally also applied to the level below which prices do not ordinarily drop.
ΚΠ
1922 Modesto (Calif.) Evening News 12 June 9/4 Persistent bearish attacks had depressed them below the resistance level established during the morning trading.
1994 Investors Chron. 28 Jan. 21/3 The CAC 40 index, representing the big blue chip industrials and financials, broke through the stubborn resistance level.
resistance piece n. [after French pièce de résistance pièce de résistance n.] now rare = pièce de résistance n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being the best > [noun] > best thing or person
highesteOE
bestOE
greatest?c1225
pridec1330
crestc1400
primrosea1450
outrepass1477
A per sea1500
primrose peerless1523
prisec1540
prime1579
surquidry1607
excellency1611
nonsuchc1613
crown jewel1646
top1665
patriarch1700
pièce de résistance1793
number one1825
business1868
resistance piece1870
star1882
mostest1889
koh-i-noor1892
best-ever1905
flagship1933
the end1950
endsville1957
Big Mac1969
mack daddy1993
1870 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 24 Sept. 316/2 Besides forming the resistance piece at Birmingham Festivals, ‘Naaman’ has been performed at Exeter Hall sufficiently often to familiarize al musicians with its general features.
1895 C. W. Scott Among Apple Orchards 87 The resistance piece was in the wicker basket.
1937 E. B. White Let. 8 Oct. (1976) 164 Bernice..said it was next to the best supper she had ever had. Chicken pie, the resistance piece.
resistance pile n. Civil Engineering a pile (pile n.1 3a) that depends on friction between its surface and the surrounding soil.
ΚΠ
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 374/2 If the resistance piles are sufficiently braced and strutted not to yield by the driving of the wedges.
1993 M. Schwartz Basic Engin. Builders iii. 129 Resistance piles are usually tapered outward from the tip to the butt.
resistance pyrometer n. a form of resistance thermometer suitable for use at high temperatures.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument > for very high temperatures
pyrometer1791
fire measure1829
resistance pyrometer1868
optical pyrometer1901
1868 Chem. News 15 May 236/1 An ingenious electric resistance pyrometer, with platinum helix.., was exhibited.
1959 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 193 318/3 He then describes the four main types of pyrometer, namely, the optical pyrometer, the resistance pyrometer, the thermocouple, and the radiation pyrometer.
2001 H. D. Haferkamp et al. in H. K. Tönshoff & I. Inasaki Sensors in Manuf. iv. 148 The resistance pyrometer is based on the principle of a change in the electrical resistance with variation in the temperature of a conductor or semiconductor.
resistance thermometer n. [after German Widerstandsthermometer (1860 or earlier)] a thermometer that makes use of the effect of temperature on the electrical resistance of a wire or thin film (usually of platinum).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument > other specific instruments
air thermometer1701
water thermometer1725
gas thermometer1837
geothermometer1838
nepheloscope1844
thanatometer1860
resistance thermometer1861
reversing thermometer1878
telethermometer1880
thermocouple1890
thermo-electroscope1895
thermodynamometer1909
ebulliometer1933
1861 C. W. Siemens in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 21 73 (title) On a new resistance thermometer.
1959 H. Barnes Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. iii. 121 Resistance thermometers and thermistors have been used for temperature measurement and conductivity cells for salinity.
2007 R. Rusby in T. W. Hänsch et al. Metrology & Fund. Constants 396 The pre-eminent thermometer for almost 100 years now has been the platinum resistance thermometer.
resistance transfer factor n. Biology an R plasmid; (also) the part of a conjugative R plasmid which contains the genes involved in conjugation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > factor
determinant1893
factor1901
determiner1909
sex factor1909
rate factor1927
plasmon1932
plasmagene1939
resistance transfer factor1960
rho1969
1960 T. Watanabe & T. Fukasawa in Biochem. & Biophysical Res. Communications 3 664 Each resistance factor is not a transmissible factor in itself but..the resistance factors are carried by some transmissible factor... We propose to refer to this factor as ‘resistance transfer factor (RTF)’ tentatively.
1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xviii. 57/2 Resistance transfer factors represent a world-wide problem which is becoming increasingly serious.
2007 A. L. Gillen Genesis of Germs xi. 163/2 One is called the resistance transfer factor (RTF) that includes genes for plasmid replication.
resistance welding n. Engineering a method of welding in which the heat required to cause fusion is produced by passing an electric current across the contact between the surfaces to be joined, these being held together by mechanical pressure.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > welding > types of
butt welding1878
lead burning1886
arc welding1890
thermite process1905
thermite welding1906
resistance welding1908
spot welding1908
seam welding1917
fusion welding1918
projection welding1918
stud welding1918
metal arc welding1926
pressure welding1926
metallic arc welding1927
flash-butt welding1933
flash welding1933
stitch welding1934
rightward welding1936
block welding1943
submerged-arc welding1945
friction welding1946
T.I.G.1960
microwelding1962
1908 J. H. Stansbie Iron & Steel xiii. 342 Resistance welding machines are transformers in principle.
1975 G. Bram & C. Downs Manuf. Technol. ii. 61 Resistance-welding techniques are characterised by the absence of flux or filler.
2002 G. Mathers Welding Aluminium & Alloys ix. 167 Resistance welding suffers from similar problems of oxide entrapment and hot cracking.
resistance wire n. a wire whose electrical resistance is significant, esp. one used to generate heat by passing a current through it; (as a mass noun) wire of high resistance.
ΚΠ
1852 W. Thomson in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 3 533 A circuit of which the remainder is copper, including a long resistance wire of uniform temperature throughout.
1901 Sci. & Industry 6 236 In [trolley] car heaters we have coils of resistance wire through which current is passed and which brings the wire up to a fairly high temperature.
1938 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 3) 34/1 Electric blanket, a blanket having woven into it resistance wires by which a certain amount of warming effect can be procured.
2003 I. Strangeways Measuring Nat. Environment (ed. 2) v. 86 A short length of platinum resistance wire is supported vertically in the wind and heated by passing a current through it.
C5. With preceding word denoting an action or effect that is resisted, as abrasion resistance, crease resistance, shrink resistance, skid resistance, etc.; or one denoting a state or substance that is resisted, as drug resistance, flame resistance, etc.Some compounds of this kind are treated at the first element.
ΚΠ
1891 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Daily Tribune 16 Apr. 2/4 The conduit is inclosed in a strong woven jacket, which gives it a high tensile strength and a strong abrasion resistance.
1911 H. T. Ricketts & G. F. Dick Infection, Immunity & Serum Therapy (ed. 2) vii. 119 It may be necessary to repeat this process through many passages before a high degree of drug resistance is obtained.
1920 Phytopathology 10 54 (heading) Evidence of disease resistance in barley to attacks of Rhynchosporium.
1954 Life 19 Apr. 71/1 (advt.) This new tread has..880 deep-cut safety-slots for 15% greater skid resistance.
1959 B.S.I. News May 6/1 The durability of flame-resistance of such treated fabrics can be seriously affected by washing.
1962 Lancet 29 Dec. 1350/2 The diabetic syndrome in this patient was unusual in that he had severe hyperglycæmia, insulin resistance, and no ketonæmia.
1966 Economist 8 Jan. 113/1 There are now two processes..for giving man-made fibre garments a permanent press. This builds up crease resistance in normal wear.
2007 European Lenses & Technol. Oct.–Nov. 35 The lenses have significantly enhanced scratch resistance.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.a1325- compensating
- compensating-balance
- compensating-pendulum
- compensatingbalance
- compensatingly
- compensatingpendulum
- compensation
- compensation act
- compensation culture
- compensation house
- compensation jury
- compensation point
- compensation water
- compensation-balance
- compensation-bar
- compensation-curb
- compensation-pendulum
- compensation-strip
- compensation-stud
- compensational
- compensationbalance
- compensationbar
- compensationcurb
- compensationpendulum
- compensations