resistn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈzɪst/, U.S.

/rəˈzɪst/,

/riˈzɪst/

Forms: see resist v.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: resist v.

Etymology: < resist v. Compare earlier resistance n., resistence n., resisting n.

†1. Resistance. Frequently in negative contexts. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance

witherOE

wiþerstrencþc1175

withstanding1303

resistancea1325

gainstandinga1340

withsetting1340

resistencec1390

again-standingc1400

resisting1436

repugnance?a1439

gainstandc1470

disstandingc1485

against-standinga1500

repugnancya1500

resist1535

objection1543

reluctation1593

resistment1605

rebeck1609

reluctance1609

reluctancy1613

obluctation1615

redaction1621

resistencya1623

obstrigillation1623

resistal1631

resistancy1656

recalcitration1658

stemc1700

calcitration1867

push-back1984

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 411 Makand heirschip fra blude and fyre also, Without resist quhair euir tha list till go.

1584 T. Lodge Delect. Hist. Forbonius & Prisceria H j b I make no resist in this my louing torment.

1608 J. Day Humour out of Breath sig. G4^v Proud his assault, as proud be our resist.

1630 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale (Ashm. 53) (1888) x. 437 Camball tooke (without resiste) the town.

2. A resistant substance applied as a coating to protect parts of a surface during certain manufacturing or decorative processes, e.g. to prevent dye adhering to fabric or glaze adhering to pottery, or to protect against an etchant or solvent in photolithography, photoengraving, or photogravure; (as a mass noun) material forming such a coating. Cf. photoresist n., reserve n. 9.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > painting or coating materials > [noun] > coating which protects surface

resist1815

the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > resist

resist1815

reserve1824

resistant1860

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > photomechanical or process printing > [noun] > materials

resist1886

process black1907

photoresist1953

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > painting or coating materials > [noun] > glaze > for ceramics or pottery > barrier to exclude glaze from specific parts

resist1967

1815 S. Parkes Chem. Ess. II. iv. 149 In some particular styles of [calico-printing] work the operation of certain colours is resisted by means of stopping out with wax... The reader will perceive that these resists are employed for the purpose of preserving certain parts of a piece white.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 199/1 [Steel] requires to be preserved against the action of the cleansing acids and of the graining mixture, by a composition called resist.

1886 W. T. Wilkinson Photo-engraving on Zinc & Copper v. 34 When it is judged that the etching has proceeded far enough, the resist of ink and resin is removed by the copious use of turpentine.

1910 J. F. Blacker ABC of collecting Old Eng. Pottery xxiii. 214 The commonest application of silver resist is used on a white or ivory ground.

1933 T. S. Barber Photo-Engraving, Electrotyping & Stereotyping i. 17 The portions of the bichromated surface which were exposed to light, and already made insoluble, acted as an acid resist.

1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World iii. 108 (caption) The water-soluble resist is washed off before the plates are fired.

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. viii. 6 The [semiconductor] wafer surface to be masked is coated with a photosensitive coating known as photoresist, or resist.

1978 H. E. L. Andrew Batsford Encycl. Crafts 9/1 Cassava paste is the resist used in traditional indigo dyeing in Africa.

2002 Better Homes & Gardens Wood June–July 39/2 Set the brass aside for an hour to dry and to let the resist harden.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1815 S. Parkes Chem. Ess. II. iv. 146 The sulphate, the nitrate, the muriate, and the acetate of copper have all been employed for preparing the resist-paste.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 218 The copper is covered by a resist varnish while being heated by the transmission of steam through its axis.

1860 S. Smiles Self-help (new ed.) ii The process for producing what is called resist work in calico printing.

1904 A. Hayden Chats on Eng. China xii. 231 The..method, with the design left in white, was produced in handsome and highly artistic styles, and there is a pattern, known as the ‘Resist’ pattern, which is much sought after.

1956 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 14 145/1 Pattern-dyeing by the resist method was finally perfected about 1700 by Yuzen.

1960 K. R. Shoulders in Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 256/1 Electron-beam micromachining is the combination of certain methods of deposition, resist production, and etching.

1991 M. Hitchcock Indonesian Textiles iv. 73 Resist materials may be attached to the yarns before weaving, as is the case with ikat, or applied to the surface of the woven cloth, as in batik.

C2.

resist-dyed adj. dyed using a resist.

ΚΠ

1909 Manch. Guardian 17 Mar. 12/4 A ‘resist’ dyed worsted yarn may be woven into a grey worsted piece.

1920 A. F. Kendrick Catal. Textiles Burying-grounds Egypt (Victoria & Albert Mus.) I. 15 The large and beautiful linen hanging with the resist-dyed subjects from the Story of Semele and Bacchus.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Mar. b31/1 (advt.) Kaftans created in paper and paint..were inspired by Central Asian embroidered suzanis and resist-dyed ikats.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

resistv.

Brit.

/rᵻˈzɪst/, U.S.

/rəˈzɪst/,

/riˈzɪst/

Forms: late Middle English reciste, late Middle English recyste, late Middle English–1500s resyst, late Middle English–1500s resyste, late Middle English–1600s resiste, late Middle English– resist, 1500s resest, 1600s rescist; Scottish pre-1700 rasist, pre-1700 rassest, pre-1700 rasyst, pre-1700 recist, pre-1700 resiste, pre-1700 resyst, pre-1700 resyste, pre-1700 risist, pre-1700 1700s– resist.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French resister; Latin resistere.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman resistre, Anglo-Norman and Middle French resister (French résister ) (of a person) to strive against, oppose, to withstand (early 14th cent., with another person, his or her will, a military force, or a state as object; c1350 with a moral or psychological influence as object; 1426 or earlier with disease as object), (of an inanimate object) to be proof against, to withstand (water, fire, etc.) (end of the 15th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin resistere to pause, stop, to plant oneself, remain fixed, to make a stand, offer resistance, stand up to, to oppose oneself (to), to stand in the way, intervene, to struggle (against a feeling or consideration), to withstand the effects, to be effective (against) < re- re- prefix + sistere to cause to stand (see sist v.). Compare resistance n. and earlier resistence n.Compare Old Occitan resistir (15th cent.), Catalan resistir (14th cent.), Spanish resistir (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese resistir (15th cent.), Italian resistere (13th cent.; also †risistere).

1. Of a material object.

a. transitive. To stop or hinder (a moving body); to be proof against; to prevent (a weapon, etc.) from piercing or penetrating; to obstruct the passage of, to block. Also: to act in opposition to (a force).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > specifically of things

resist?c1400

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. met. vii. l. 718 Þe fletyng streme..is arestid and resisted ofte tyme by þe encountrynge of a stoon.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 186 Sorbryn..strake..such a stroke that the buckles nor ony thynge elles coude resyste the stroke.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. xi. 93 Nowder scheld..Nor..hawbrik..mycht it [sc. the spear] resist nor stynt.

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 6/22 Of sik scharpenes that na armour of thairis may resist it.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words at Resistence A solid body, which resisteth and opposeth whatsoever comes against it.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 491 Spiritual Armour, able to resist Satans assaults.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 40/2 Ground, tho it does resist the Pick-axe,..may..be infirm.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 363/1 They made the towers round instead of square, imagining this figure to be the strongest to resist the battering engines.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xix. 332 It quite resisted the edge of a knife.

1894 H. S. Maxim in Daily News 4 June 5/7 It is quite true that I used a steel plate to resist my projectiles.

1922 J. A. Crowther Pract. Physics xxxix. 231 The turning-couple is resisted by a light spring.

1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 16 Feb. a1 Other passing vehicles had packed the snow into a hard crust, which resisted the plows' blades.

2003 J. Marchington Counter-terrrorism ix. 181 A ballistic vest..is primarily designed to resist a bullet, and could potentially be defeated by a knife or similar object.

b. transitive. To impede, or be constituted in such a way as not to be liable to (a process).

ΚΠ

1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum vii. 79 Why do some hard Bodies resist breaking more one way than another?

1726 W. Cheselden Anat. Human Body (ed. 3) i. i. 13 They [sc. bones] being made hollow, their strength to resist breaking transversly is encreased as much as their diameters are encreased.

1788 J. Brown tr. Elements Med. I. v. 49 The power by which any body resists stretching, is the density of that body.

1833 C. Bell Hand 233 It is enabled to resist stretching, compression, and tortion.

1883 T. Box Pract. Treat. Strength Material 178 An obvious and economical method of increasing the strength of a plate in resisting wrinkling.

1959 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 12 Mar. 40 b (advt.) Quality nylon such as this has abundance of bounce-back and resists matting.

1973 Materials & Technol. VI. viii. 578 It resists weathering well and..shows little cold flow.

2006 P. Walsh Yarn Bk. ii. 59 It has poor elasticity but resists creasing.

a. To strive against, fight or act in opposition to, oppose; to contrive not to yield to; to withstand, be unaffected by the action or influence of.

(a) transitive. With a person, his or her will, a military force, a state, etc., as object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist

withstandc888

withsake971

forstanda1000

to stand again ——OE

withsetc1000

again-standOE

to stand againOE

warnc1175

wiþerhaldec1175

atstandc1220

astand1250

withsitc1300

sitc1325

asitc1330

(it) may well withc1395

reversea1400

resist1417

ofstandc1425

onstandc1425

gainstand?c1450

endure1470

obsista1475

repugna1513

recountera1525

occur1531

desist1548

impugn1577

obstrigillate1623

counter-stand1648

stem1675

repique1687

to make face to1807

to fight off1833

to stick up1838

bay1848

withstay1854

buck1857

1417 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 60 (MED) Wee humbly beseeche your gratious lordshipp..to provide so gratiously such a sufficient payment..that he may..resiste the malice of your enimies.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1954 (MED) We mote resisten her wille malicious.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 Wherfore thai ben myghty, and able to resiste the aduersaries of this reaume.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 688/1 He intendeth to take possessyon here agaynst my wyll, but he shall be resysted.

1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 165 We cannot resiste them that be stronger then vs.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. v. 79 Thou that so stoutly hath resisted me, Giue me thy Gold.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxi. 110 Their Representative had the Libertie to resist, or invade other people.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 47 This Force I take to be sufficient to resist any number of men.

1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 953 Shall Greece yet stand? Resists she yet the raging Hector's Hand!

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xliv. 153 They knew that the present house of commons..were likely enough to be resisted.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. xxviii. 226 O God Almighty! thou alone hast power! Who can resist thy will?

1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vi. 91 The Lombard league had successfully resisted Frederick's armies.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 171/2 The pastoral..tells how Marion resisted the knight, and remained faithful to Robert the shepherd.

1956 J. R. R. Tolkien Lett. (1981) 237 To assist the rational creatures of Middle-earth to resist Sauron, a power too great for them unaided.

1988 J. L. Esposito Islam ii. 65 The Mamluk sultanate successfully resisted the Mongols and ruled until 1517.

2008 Christian Century (Nexis) 21 Oct. 47 Kennedy..was urged to resist the Soviet Union at every turn.

(b) transitive. With a moral or psychological influence (as temptation, desire, etc.) or suggestion as object.

ΚΠ

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 142 (MED) It is better to reciste þe malice of ane yuel aforne þat it falle þen to hele it vppe when it is fallen.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxii. 92 Be ye thenne stronge..to resiste & ouercome them [sc. temptations].

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fi He hath ordayned in euery temptacion that is resisted, greate profyte therby to ryse to man.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 153/2 So muste reason not resyste faithe but walke with her.

1577 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes 37 The favour that God wil geve you..no man can resist it.

1656 H. Jeanes Treat. Fulnesse of Christ 112 in Mixture Scholasticall Divinity His grace..can resist the strongest, and most restlesse temptations.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. x. 522 With all these advantages he was not able to resist four words.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 401 The Greeks..resist with incredible fortitude the conviction of their own eyes.

1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 51 If the interest and sollicitations of the King her Husband had not strongly resisted her zeal for her Religion.

1786 F. Burney Diary 11 Nov. in Diary & Lett. (1842) III. 219 [The] little heroine, making many involuntary grimaces, but resisting her evident inclination to cry.

1815 W. Wordsworth Poems I. Pref. p. xxxviii Though myself a water-drinker, I cannot resist the pleasure of transcribing what follows.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 26 Those who had never been taught to resist pleasure would be equally at the mercy of those who could.

1905 Daily Chron. 2 Sept. 3/1 Mr. Phillpotts has resisted the temptation..to over-elaborate his descriptions of natural scenery.

1956 R. Carrington Guide Earth Hist. (1958) xvi. 152 Even the commercial world has been unable to resist the lure of the dinosaurs.

1990 K. Vonnegut Hocus Pocus xx. 156 A young man passing behind me could not resist the impulse to touch my bristly haircut.

ΚΠ

1469 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 401 Besechyng yow..that ye be not dryuen to take an appoyntment iff ye kan vndrestand by any lyklyod that itt be able to be abydyn and recystyd.

1542 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Golden Bk. Christen Matrimonye v. f. xiii^v It may easely be perceaued, where the shoo wryngethe them, that resiste thys aunciente good and reasonable lawe.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 139 It will the wofullest diuision proue... Preuent it, resist it, let it not be so.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 267 He hath resisted Law, And therefore Law shall scorne him further Triall.

1661 T. Fuller Andronicus iv. iv. 65 I never have resisted your command.

a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) 241 These Considerations made his Lordship ever set himself against the Republicans, and resist their intended Encroachments upon the Crown.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xliv. 164 If the process of the courts of Westminster-hall be resisted.

1810 in A. H. Craufurd Gen. Craufurd & Light Div. (1891) 108 This arrangement..had before now been proposed to me, and I had resisted it.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) v. 45 The dismal man.., resisting Mr. Pickwick's pressing invitation to breakfast,..walked slowly away.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. ix. 403 The disinclination of the native Princes to submit to, or their ability to resist, its dictation.

1907 Times 26 Feb. 3/3 I cannot resist the decree nisi being rescinded on the ground of my client's adultery.

1989 A. Storr Freud v. 43 Freud generally resisted modifications of his ideas when suggested by others.

2001 J. Hickey in M. Hickey Irish Days (2004) 64 Sinn Fein did not believe them [sc. the British government] and they said they would resist conscription.

(d) transitive. With a natural force, physical agency, weakness, disease, etc., as object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > a natural force or agency

resist1526

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 15 When the shippe was caught, and coulde not resist the wynde, we let her goo and drave with the wedder.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 2^v It maketh it able to resist fire.

?1593 H. Chettle Kind-harts Dreame sig. C4^v They must be Artistes, that are able to..resist the disease, by prouiding remedies.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. iv. 32 It boots not to resist both winde and tide.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 6 A white soft Rock..does not long resist the Sea Winds..that eat it away.

1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 193 Cramp-rings..to resist Poison and other malignant Diseases.

1747 W. King Toast i. 27/1 His Pots or Pans..were wrought with such bad Clay that they would not resist the Fire, and crack'd after the first or second Trial.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Madder That which was dyed with the madder..resisted during thirty minutes a boiling which the other could not bear during ten.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 465 The stable yields a stercoraceous heap,..potent to resist the freezing blast.

1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 545 A case..where the inoculation was resisted till the twenty-ninth time.

1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. vii. 140 These mats are also used instead of waggon-sails, and are very effectual in resisting both sun and rain.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 560 The body can resist the action of subminimal doses of living bacteria.

1904 Collier's 7 May 18/2 (advt.) Pabst Extract. The ‘Best’ Tonic, rallies the disordered forces of your system, giving them new strength, courage and power to resist illness.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1119 One well-known species [of Selaginella] can resist drought, drying up and curling its stems into a close ball.

1979 G. G. Wittet in J. S. Blocker Alcohol, Reform, & Society vi. 117 The continued use of alcohol diminished the body's power to resist disease.

2006 New Scientist 29 July 5/2 Chinese farmers whose crops are modified to resist the bollworm larvae.

(e) transitive. With hostile or undesirable action as object (as an attack, invasion, blow, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > resist

outholda1460

answer1468

receive1477

resist1533

out-ward1596

oppugn1636

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. ii. 247 Þe Inemyis..assaleȝet..þe Romane pussance, as Insufficient to resist þare Invasions.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. v. 39 I saye vnto you: that ye resist not euell.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xiii. 48 Constantine..seeking to resist the courses and robberies which the Parthes dayly vsed towards the Romains.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 468 I will resist such entertainment, till Mine enemy ha's more pow'r.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 814 That mortal dint, Save he who reigns above, none can resist .

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 93 A body so firm and compact as the Scots, easily resisted the impression of the cavalry.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 355 He felt himself unable to resist the attack.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iv. §3. 184 Pardon was freely extended to all who had resisted the invasion.

1920 S. Lewis Main St. iv. 50 And it's my bounden duty as a producer to resist every attack on the integrity of American industry to the last ditch.

1972 P. White Let. 12 Nov. (1994) xi. 405 He has been trying to organise the people there to resist their destruction by developers and the civic sharks.

2003 U.S. News & World Rep. 5 May 15 The promise of enduring international concord spawned by..a shared resolve to resist Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

(f) transitive. With infinitive as object: to refuse, or show one's unwillingness, to do something. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]

warnc897

willeOE

forbidc1000

warnc1000

willOE

asake1250

withsay1297

gainsayc1330

recusea1387

naitc1390

to say naya1393

again-say?a1400

denyc1400

withnayc1400

biwern1413

refuse?1435

resist1539

detrect1542

renege1545

detract1572

waive1642

declinea1691

nay-say1762

nay-saya1774

nix1903

off1908

ixnay1937

1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 4 In case it happen the Mayer..make defaulte of paymente of the saide recompence & satisfaction, and resiste to paye the same.

1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word ii. 24 The phrase [of St Paul]..qui autem resistunt damnationem sibi acquirunt, those that resist to obey, procure damnation to themselues.

1647 T. Powell tr. V. Malvezzi Pourtract Politicke Christian-favourite 40 Nature which does help to expell a worse distemper then its owne, doth resist to bring in a better.

1874 Athenæum 15 Aug. 199/1 The people of Ulster..were the last to be brought under English law, and..resisted to be so brought till resistance was utterly useless.

2000 N. Kumar in A. N. Prasad Indian Novelists in Eng. (2003) xxi. 187 [She] recognises her strangeness in America.., but she resists to be called a ‘freak’.

(g) transitive. With an appealing person, thing, or quality as object. Chiefly in negative contexts.

ΚΠ

1608 H. Parrot Epigrams lxx. sig. D2 ^v She knew him not (though scarcely could resist So sweet a youth and well apparelled).

1680 Don Tomazo 138 Most Fair and Dear to me of all your Sex Whose Charms no Creature is able to resist.

1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 117 Who can resist thee, lovely Fair!

1786 H. More Florio 20 For face, no mortal cou'd resist her, She smil'd like Hebe's youngest sister.

1876 C. Merivale Rom. Triumvirates ii. 36 No matron, it was said, could resist his beauty.

1883 H. Montgomery Hugh Montgomery 413 The very ‘preacher of righteousness’ who could withstand a world of scoffing idolaters, could not resist the wine cup.

1901 A. S. Pier Sentimentalists xxxvii. 400 If he could talk with her, face to face, she could not resist him.

1972 N.Y. Times 17 Dec. 70/3 What dieter could resist the cake?

2000 Punch (Nassau, Bahamas) 11 Dec. 20/5 I know he's ‘jail-bait’. But I can't resist him.

b. intransitive. Esp. of a person: to offer resistance. Sometimes with against, †to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]

nillOE

loathea1200

to make it tough1297

forthinka1300

reckc1300

ruea1400

to make (it) strangec1405

to make strangenessc1407

stick1418

resistc1425

to make (it) strange?1456

steek1478

tarrowc1480

doubt1483

sunyie1488

to make (it) nice1530

stay1533

shentc1540

to make courtesy (at)1542

to make it scrupulous1548

to think (it) much1548

to make dainty of (anything)1555

to lie aback1560

stand1563

steek1573

to hang back1581

erch1584

to make doubt1586

to hang the groin1587

to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589

yearn1597

to hang the winga1601

to make squeamish1611

smay1632

bogglea1638

to hang off1641

waver1643

reluct1648

shy1650

reluctate1655

stickle1656

scruple1660

to make boggle1667

revere1689

begrudge1690

to have scruples1719

stopc1738

bitch1777

reprobate1779

crane1823

disincline1885

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist

withstandc950

to make debatea1375

repugna1382

resista1547

reluct1547

reluctate1640

recalcitrate1647

renite1647

to fight back1890

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 2537 Ȝe of knyȝthod manly take on honde To resiste in þis silfe place.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 6978 (MED) Þou hast so many cruel fo Of Grekis..Ageyn whos myȝt þou maist þe nat assure To resiste.

c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 16 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 403 It has vertu..fore to resyst a-gane fyre-slacht.

c1480 (a1400) St. George 12 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 176 To resyst ay to sathane & to lordis of mykil mycht.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3548 Bot Valentynyane þe emperoure Resistyt ay til his erroure.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 109 Except man wyth cure..& labur resyst to the same, they over run reson.

a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 95 What can he doo but yeld that must resist aloone?

1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Blacke Smyth 175 b That no man should resist agaynst his kyng.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. Deut. ix. 2 A great people and tal,..against whom no man is able to resist.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. ii. 81 Lay hold vpon him, if he doe resist, Subdue him at his perill.

1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 274 She forced herselfe to resist against the excesse of her affliction.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 30 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The Horse-men,..having nothing to resist with, are easily shot.

1723 A. Hill King Henry V ii. 23 My Sister, long resisting, felt, at last, The rising Passion swell her struggling Soul.

1771 in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxiii. 292 That the council did not resist, is true.

a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. P. Calderon Scenes from Magico Prodigioso in Posthumous Poems (1824) 388 How wilt thou then Resist, Justina?

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) II. viii. 573 The nation not daring, and what was still worse, not wishing, to resist, gave way.

1891 J. K. Jerome Diary of Pilgrimage 54 They..caught hold of my Gladstone. I resisted feebly, but was overpowered.

1916 Minnesota Horticulturist May 185 By the term hardiness is understood the capacity to resist against any special condition of environment.

1955 W. S. Burroughs Let. 21 Oct. (1993) 289 The Moment of Truth when you see his front, his will to resist, collapse.

1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 May 36/3 When the Serbs returned again in 1918 at the end of the war some parts of Kosovo resisted, particularly in the Drenica region.

†3. intransitive. To stop, desist; to rest, remain. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)]

i-swikec893

swikec897

atwindc1000

linOE

studegieOE

stintc1175

letc1200

stuttea1225

leavec1225

astint1250

doc1300

finec1300

blina1325

cease1330

stable1377

resta1382

ho1390

to say or cry ho1390

resta1398

astartc1400

discontinuec1425

surcease1428

to let offc1450

resista1475

finish1490

to lay a straw?a1505

to give over1526

succease1551

to put (also pack) up one's pipes1556

end1557

to stay (one's own or another's) hand1560

stick1574

stay1576

to draw bridle1577

to draw rein1577

to set down one's rest1589

overgive1592

absist1614

subsista1639

beholdc1650

unbridle1653

to knock offa1657

acquiesce1659

to set (up) one's rest1663

sista1676

stop1689

to draw rein1725

subside1734

remit1765

to let up1787

to wind (up) one's pirna1835

to cry crack1888

to shut off1896

to pack in1906

to close down1921

to pack up1925

to sign off1929

society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > be under responsibility [verb (intransitive)] > remain with one as a responsibility

resista1475

rest1523

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 184 Wherefore I [sc. Darius] sende to the [sc. Alexander] and commaunde the..incontinent that þou resist of this [a1460 anon. tr. put the oute of thi grete foly] for thou arte a childe of no value, fulle of folie.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1090 Bot I rasyst [v.r. desist] throw chargis off our consaill. The southmaist part off Ingland we sall se.

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. P2 In yowere hande the goode and the ill of the ladies resistethe.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxii. 299 Hector flies. Minerua stayes him: he resists, and dies.

†4. transitive. To prevent from doing something. Also with infinitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)]

forbidc1000

forrunc1275

forbar1303

before-comec1384

withstanda1400

withholdc1400

prevenec1485

supprime1490

interrupt1497

resist?a1513

prevent1522

discourage1528

prohibit1531

stop1534

forleta1555

bar1559

to bar by and main1567

disbar1567

to cut off1576

embar1577

forestall1579

obvent1588

cancel1594

waylay1625

suppress1651

antevene1655

arceate1657

exarceate1657

interpel1722

stump1858

estop1876

plug1887

pre-empt1957

deter1961

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 156 To put this in rememberance, Mycht no man me resist.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xi. sig. V5 Beautifull trees, which resisted the sunnes dartes from ouer-much pearcing the naturall coldnes of the Riuer.

1662 G. Carew Fraud & Violence Discovered 61 Keeping the seas free from Pyrates and Rovers, when the Bourgundians had not a man of warr to resist them from dragging away the Ships out of their..roads and Harbours.

5. transitive. To succeed in refraining from (an action to which one may be tempted or drawn). Frequently in negative contexts, as cannot (could not, etc.) resist: is (was, etc.) certain to be attracted by or unable to refrain from (doing what is specified).

ΚΠ

1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue xiv. sig. F.v Thay..nolder precheis thair selfis, nor causis precheyng sufficient to be maid to resyste errouris.

1716 A. M. P. Du Noyer Lett. from Lady at Paris (ed. 2) I. xvii. 203 She first looked upon Don Francisco only as the Instrument of her Revenge..; but afterwards could not resist having an Esteem for him.

1779 J. Wharton Let. 11 Feb. in B. Franklin Papers (1990) XXVIII. 508 I cannot resist congratulating you..in this appointment.

1817 M. Keating Trav. I. 81 It is hard to resist the surmise that Cæsar's account is drawn up with quite as much regard to effect as to reality.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. ix. 168 She could not resist coming to my chamber to show herself in all her splendour.

1886 Outing Dec. 201/1 A small covey of ptarmigan..settled at such provokingly short distance that I could not resist a couple of shots.

1940 M. Dickens Mariana ii. 26 Although Mary had not confided in her, the romance had not passed Mrs. Shannon by, and she could not resist a little occasional covert probing.

1984 R. M. Pyle Audubon Soc. Handbk. for Butterfly Watchers v. 55 Unable to resist a quick look at a potential mate, males especially spring up to encircle newcomers.

2006 Mother & Baby Aug. 174/2 I couldn't resist buying him just a few cute little outfits.

†6. transitive. To affect with distaste, to repel. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > feeling against or a settled dislike > impulse of aversion > turn away from or regard with aversion or reject [verb (transitive)] > repel

resist1609

repulse1816

to put off1909

to turn off1951

off-put1970

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles vii. 27 These Cates resist mee, hee not thought vpon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	resist
释义	resistn. Brit. /rᵻˈzɪst/, U.S. /rəˈzɪst/, /riˈzɪst/ Forms: see resist v. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: resist v. Etymology: < resist v. Compare earlier resistance n., resistence n., resisting n. †1. Resistance. Frequently in negative contexts. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance witherOE wiþerstrencþc1175 withstanding1303 resistancea1325 gainstandinga1340 withsetting1340 resistencec1390 again-standingc1400 resisting1436 repugnance?a1439 gainstandc1470 disstandingc1485 against-standinga1500 repugnancya1500 resist1535 objection1543 reluctation1593 resistment1605 rebeck1609 reluctance1609 reluctancy1613 obluctation1615 redaction1621 resistencya1623 obstrigillation1623 resistal1631 resistancy1656 recalcitration1658 stemc1700 calcitration1867 push-back1984 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 411 Makand heirschip fra blude and fyre also, Without resist quhair euir tha list till go. 1584 T. Lodge Delect. Hist. Forbonius & Prisceria H j b I make no resist in this my louing torment. 1608 J. Day Humour out of Breath sig. G4^v Proud his assault, as proud be our resist. 1630 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale (Ashm. 53) (1888) x. 437 Camball tooke (without resiste) the town. 2. A resistant substance applied as a coating to protect parts of a surface during certain manufacturing or decorative processes, e.g. to prevent dye adhering to fabric or glaze adhering to pottery, or to protect against an etchant or solvent in photolithography, photoengraving, or photogravure; (as a mass noun) material forming such a coating. Cf. photoresist n., reserve n. 9. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > painting or coating materials > [noun] > coating which protects surface resist1815 the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > resist resist1815 reserve1824 resistant1860 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > photomechanical or process printing > [noun] > materials resist1886 process black1907 photoresist1953 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > painting or coating materials > [noun] > glaze > for ceramics or pottery > barrier to exclude glaze from specific parts resist1967 1815 S. Parkes Chem. Ess. II. iv. 149 In some particular styles of [calico-printing] work the operation of certain colours is resisted by means of stopping out with wax... The reader will perceive that these resists are employed for the purpose of preserving certain parts of a piece white. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 199/1 [Steel] requires to be preserved against the action of the cleansing acids and of the graining mixture, by a composition called resist. 1886 W. T. Wilkinson Photo-engraving on Zinc & Copper v. 34 When it is judged that the etching has proceeded far enough, the resist of ink and resin is removed by the copious use of turpentine. 1910 J. F. Blacker ABC of collecting Old Eng. Pottery xxiii. 214 The commonest application of silver resist is used on a white or ivory ground. 1933 T. S. Barber Photo-Engraving, Electrotyping & Stereotyping i. 17 The portions of the bichromated surface which were exposed to light, and already made insoluble, acted as an acid resist. 1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World iii. 108 (caption) The water-soluble resist is washed off before the plates are fired. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. viii. 6 The [semiconductor] wafer surface to be masked is coated with a photosensitive coating known as photoresist, or resist. 1978 H. E. L. Andrew Batsford Encycl. Crafts 9/1 Cassava paste is the resist used in traditional indigo dyeing in Africa. 2002 Better Homes & Gardens Wood June–July 39/2 Set the brass aside for an hour to dry and to let the resist harden. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1815 S. Parkes Chem. Ess. II. iv. 146 The sulphate, the nitrate, the muriate, and the acetate of copper have all been employed for preparing the resist-paste. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 218 The copper is covered by a resist varnish while being heated by the transmission of steam through its axis. 1860 S. Smiles Self-help (new ed.) ii The process for producing what is called resist work in calico printing. 1904 A. Hayden Chats on Eng. China xii. 231 The..method, with the design left in white, was produced in handsome and highly artistic styles, and there is a pattern, known as the ‘Resist’ pattern, which is much sought after. 1956 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 14 145/1 Pattern-dyeing by the resist method was finally perfected about 1700 by Yuzen. 1960 K. R. Shoulders in Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 256/1 Electron-beam micromachining is the combination of certain methods of deposition, resist production, and etching. 1991 M. Hitchcock Indonesian Textiles iv. 73 Resist materials may be attached to the yarns before weaving, as is the case with ikat, or applied to the surface of the woven cloth, as in batik. C2. resist-dyed adj. dyed using a resist. ΚΠ 1909 Manch. Guardian 17 Mar. 12/4 A ‘resist’ dyed worsted yarn may be woven into a grey worsted piece. 1920 A. F. Kendrick Catal. Textiles Burying-grounds Egypt (Victoria & Albert Mus.) I. 15 The large and beautiful linen hanging with the resist-dyed subjects from the Story of Semele and Bacchus. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Mar. b31/1 (advt.) Kaftans created in paper and paint..were inspired by Central Asian embroidered suzanis and resist-dyed ikats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). resistv. Brit. /rᵻˈzɪst/, U.S. /rəˈzɪst/, /riˈzɪst/ Forms: late Middle English reciste, late Middle English recyste, late Middle English–1500s resyst, late Middle English–1500s resyste, late Middle English–1600s resiste, late Middle English– resist, 1500s resest, 1600s rescist; Scottish pre-1700 rasist, pre-1700 rassest, pre-1700 rasyst, pre-1700 recist, pre-1700 resiste, pre-1700 resyst, pre-1700 resyste, pre-1700 risist, pre-1700 1700s– resist. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French resister; Latin resistere. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman resistre, Anglo-Norman and Middle French resister (French résister ) (of a person) to strive against, oppose, to withstand (early 14th cent., with another person, his or her will, a military force, or a state as object; c1350 with a moral or psychological influence as object; 1426 or earlier with disease as object), (of an inanimate object) to be proof against, to withstand (water, fire, etc.) (end of the 15th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin resistere to pause, stop, to plant oneself, remain fixed, to make a stand, offer resistance, stand up to, to oppose oneself (to), to stand in the way, intervene, to struggle (against a feeling or consideration), to withstand the effects, to be effective (against) < re- re- prefix + sistere to cause to stand (see sist v.). Compare resistance n. and earlier resistence n.Compare Old Occitan resistir (15th cent.), Catalan resistir (14th cent.), Spanish resistir (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese resistir (15th cent.), Italian resistere (13th cent.; also †risistere). 1. Of a material object. a. transitive. To stop or hinder (a moving body); to be proof against; to prevent (a weapon, etc.) from piercing or penetrating; to obstruct the passage of, to block. Also: to act in opposition to (a force). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > specifically of things resist?c1400 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. met. vii. l. 718 Þe fletyng streme..is arestid and resisted ofte tyme by þe encountrynge of a stoon. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 186 Sorbryn..strake..such a stroke that the buckles nor ony thynge elles coude resyste the stroke. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. xi. 93 Nowder scheld..Nor..hawbrik..mycht it [sc. the spear] resist nor stynt. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 6/22 Of sik scharpenes that na armour of thairis may resist it. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words at Resistence A solid body, which resisteth and opposeth whatsoever comes against it. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 491 Spiritual Armour, able to resist Satans assaults. View more context for this quotation 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 40/2 Ground, tho it does resist the Pick-axe,..may..be infirm. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 363/1 They made the towers round instead of square, imagining this figure to be the strongest to resist the battering engines. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xix. 332 It quite resisted the edge of a knife. 1894 H. S. Maxim in Daily News 4 June 5/7 It is quite true that I used a steel plate to resist my projectiles. 1922 J. A. Crowther Pract. Physics xxxix. 231 The turning-couple is resisted by a light spring. 1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 16 Feb. a1 Other passing vehicles had packed the snow into a hard crust, which resisted the plows' blades. 2003 J. Marchington Counter-terrrorism ix. 181 A ballistic vest..is primarily designed to resist a bullet, and could potentially be defeated by a knife or similar object. b. transitive. To impede, or be constituted in such a way as not to be liable to (a process). ΚΠ 1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum vii. 79 Why do some hard Bodies resist breaking more one way than another? 1726 W. Cheselden Anat. Human Body (ed. 3) i. i. 13 They [sc. bones] being made hollow, their strength to resist breaking transversly is encreased as much as their diameters are encreased. 1788 J. Brown tr. Elements Med. I. v. 49 The power by which any body resists stretching, is the density of that body. 1833 C. Bell Hand 233 It is enabled to resist stretching, compression, and tortion. 1883 T. Box Pract. Treat. Strength Material 178 An obvious and economical method of increasing the strength of a plate in resisting wrinkling. 1959 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 12 Mar. 40 b (advt.) Quality nylon such as this has abundance of bounce-back and resists matting. 1973 Materials & Technol. VI. viii. 578 It resists weathering well and..shows little cold flow. 2006 P. Walsh Yarn Bk. ii. 59 It has poor elasticity but resists creasing. 2. a. To strive against, fight or act in opposition to, oppose; to contrive not to yield to; to withstand, be unaffected by the action or influence of. (a) transitive. With a person, his or her will, a military force, a state, etc., as object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist withstandc888 withsake971 forstanda1000 to stand again ——OE withsetc1000 again-standOE to stand againOE warnc1175 wiþerhaldec1175 atstandc1220 astand1250 withsitc1300 sitc1325 asitc1330 (it) may well withc1395 reversea1400 resist1417 ofstandc1425 onstandc1425 gainstand?c1450 endure1470 obsista1475 repugna1513 recountera1525 occur1531 desist1548 impugn1577 obstrigillate1623 counter-stand1648 stem1675 repique1687 to make face to1807 to fight off1833 to stick up1838 bay1848 withstay1854 buck1857 1417 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 60 (MED) Wee humbly beseeche your gratious lordshipp..to provide so gratiously such a sufficient payment..that he may..resiste the malice of your enimies. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1954 (MED) We mote resisten her wille malicious. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 Wherfore thai ben myghty, and able to resiste the aduersaries of this reaume. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 688/1 He intendeth to take possessyon here agaynst my wyll, but he shall be resysted. 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 165 We cannot resiste them that be stronger then vs. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. v. 79 Thou that so stoutly hath resisted me, Giue me thy Gold. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxi. 110 Their Representative had the Libertie to resist, or invade other people. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 47 This Force I take to be sufficient to resist any number of men. 1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 953 Shall Greece yet stand? Resists she yet the raging Hector's Hand! 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xliv. 153 They knew that the present house of commons..were likely enough to be resisted. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. xxviii. 226 O God Almighty! thou alone hast power! Who can resist thy will? 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vi. 91 The Lombard league had successfully resisted Frederick's armies. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 171/2 The pastoral..tells how Marion resisted the knight, and remained faithful to Robert the shepherd. 1956 J. R. R. Tolkien Lett. (1981) 237 To assist the rational creatures of Middle-earth to resist Sauron, a power too great for them unaided. 1988 J. L. Esposito Islam ii. 65 The Mamluk sultanate successfully resisted the Mongols and ruled until 1517. 2008 Christian Century (Nexis) 21 Oct. 47 Kennedy..was urged to resist the Soviet Union at every turn. (b) transitive. With a moral or psychological influence (as temptation, desire, etc.) or suggestion as object. ΚΠ ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 142 (MED) It is better to reciste þe malice of ane yuel aforne þat it falle þen to hele it vppe when it is fallen. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxii. 92 Be ye thenne stronge..to resiste & ouercome them [sc. temptations]. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fi He hath ordayned in euery temptacion that is resisted, greate profyte therby to ryse to man. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 153/2 So muste reason not resyste faithe but walke with her. 1577 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes 37 The favour that God wil geve you..no man can resist it. 1656 H. Jeanes Treat. Fulnesse of Christ 112 in Mixture Scholasticall Divinity His grace..can resist the strongest, and most restlesse temptations. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. x. 522 With all these advantages he was not able to resist four words. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 401 The Greeks..resist with incredible fortitude the conviction of their own eyes. 1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 51 If the interest and sollicitations of the King her Husband had not strongly resisted her zeal for her Religion. 1786 F. Burney Diary 11 Nov. in Diary & Lett. (1842) III. 219 [The] little heroine, making many involuntary grimaces, but resisting her evident inclination to cry. 1815 W. Wordsworth Poems I. Pref. p. xxxviii Though myself a water-drinker, I cannot resist the pleasure of transcribing what follows. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 26 Those who had never been taught to resist pleasure would be equally at the mercy of those who could. 1905 Daily Chron. 2 Sept. 3/1 Mr. Phillpotts has resisted the temptation..to over-elaborate his descriptions of natural scenery. 1956 R. Carrington Guide Earth Hist. (1958) xvi. 152 Even the commercial world has been unable to resist the lure of the dinosaurs. 1990 K. Vonnegut Hocus Pocus xx. 156 A young man passing behind me could not resist the impulse to touch my bristly haircut. (c) transitive. With a proposed action, expected event, decree, command, etc., as object. ΚΠ 1469 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 401 Besechyng yow..that ye be not dryuen to take an appoyntment iff ye kan vndrestand by any lyklyod that itt be able to be abydyn and recystyd. 1542 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Golden Bk. Christen Matrimonye v. f. xiii^v It may easely be perceaued, where the shoo wryngethe them, that resiste thys aunciente good and reasonable lawe. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 139 It will the wofullest diuision proue... Preuent it, resist it, let it not be so. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 267 He hath resisted Law, And therefore Law shall scorne him further Triall. View more context for this quotation 1661 T. Fuller Andronicus iv. iv. 65 I never have resisted your command. a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) 241 These Considerations made his Lordship ever set himself against the Republicans, and resist their intended Encroachments upon the Crown. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xliv. 164 If the process of the courts of Westminster-hall be resisted. 1810 in A. H. Craufurd Gen. Craufurd & Light Div. (1891) 108 This arrangement..had before now been proposed to me, and I had resisted it. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) v. 45 The dismal man.., resisting Mr. Pickwick's pressing invitation to breakfast,..walked slowly away. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. ix. 403 The disinclination of the native Princes to submit to, or their ability to resist, its dictation. 1907 Times 26 Feb. 3/3 I cannot resist the decree nisi being rescinded on the ground of my client's adultery. 1989 A. Storr Freud v. 43 Freud generally resisted modifications of his ideas when suggested by others. 2001 J. Hickey in M. Hickey Irish Days (2004) 64 Sinn Fein did not believe them [sc. the British government] and they said they would resist conscription. (d) transitive. With a natural force, physical agency, weakness, disease, etc., as object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist > a natural force or agency resist1526 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 15 When the shippe was caught, and coulde not resist the wynde, we let her goo and drave with the wedder. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 2^v It maketh it able to resist fire. ?1593 H. Chettle Kind-harts Dreame sig. C4^v They must be Artistes, that are able to..resist the disease, by prouiding remedies. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. iv. 32 It boots not to resist both winde and tide. View more context for this quotation 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 6 A white soft Rock..does not long resist the Sea Winds..that eat it away. 1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 193 Cramp-rings..to resist Poison and other malignant Diseases. 1747 W. King Toast i. 27/1 His Pots or Pans..were wrought with such bad Clay that they would not resist the Fire, and crack'd after the first or second Trial. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Madder That which was dyed with the madder..resisted during thirty minutes a boiling which the other could not bear during ten. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 465 The stable yields a stercoraceous heap,..potent to resist the freezing blast. 1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 545 A case..where the inoculation was resisted till the twenty-ninth time. 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. vii. 140 These mats are also used instead of waggon-sails, and are very effectual in resisting both sun and rain. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 560 The body can resist the action of subminimal doses of living bacteria. 1904 Collier's 7 May 18/2 (advt.) Pabst Extract. The ‘Best’ Tonic, rallies the disordered forces of your system, giving them new strength, courage and power to resist illness. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1119 One well-known species [of Selaginella] can resist drought, drying up and curling its stems into a close ball. 1979 G. G. Wittet in J. S. Blocker Alcohol, Reform, & Society vi. 117 The continued use of alcohol diminished the body's power to resist disease. 2006 New Scientist 29 July 5/2 Chinese farmers whose crops are modified to resist the bollworm larvae. (e) transitive. With hostile or undesirable action as object (as an attack, invasion, blow, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > resist outholda1460 answer1468 receive1477 resist1533 out-ward1596 oppugn1636 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. ii. 247 Þe Inemyis..assaleȝet..þe Romane pussance, as Insufficient to resist þare Invasions. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. v. 39 I saye vnto you: that ye resist not euell. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xiii. 48 Constantine..seeking to resist the courses and robberies which the Parthes dayly vsed towards the Romains. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 468 I will resist such entertainment, till Mine enemy ha's more pow'r. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 814 That mortal dint, Save he who reigns above, none can resist . View more context for this quotation 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 93 A body so firm and compact as the Scots, easily resisted the impression of the cavalry. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 355 He felt himself unable to resist the attack. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iv. §3. 184 Pardon was freely extended to all who had resisted the invasion. 1920 S. Lewis Main St. iv. 50 And it's my bounden duty as a producer to resist every attack on the integrity of American industry to the last ditch. 1972 P. White Let. 12 Nov. (1994) xi. 405 He has been trying to organise the people there to resist their destruction by developers and the civic sharks. 2003 U.S. News & World Rep. 5 May 15 The promise of enduring international concord spawned by..a shared resolve to resist Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. (f) transitive. With infinitive as object: to refuse, or show one's unwillingness, to do something. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] warnc897 willeOE forbidc1000 warnc1000 willOE asake1250 withsay1297 gainsayc1330 recusea1387 naitc1390 to say naya1393 again-say?a1400 denyc1400 withnayc1400 biwern1413 refuse?1435 resist1539 detrect1542 renege1545 detract1572 waive1642 declinea1691 nay-say1762 nay-saya1774 nix1903 off1908 ixnay1937 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 4 In case it happen the Mayer..make defaulte of paymente of the saide recompence & satisfaction, and resiste to paye the same. 1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word ii. 24 The phrase [of St Paul]..qui autem resistunt damnationem sibi acquirunt, those that resist to obey, procure damnation to themselues. 1647 T. Powell tr. V. Malvezzi Pourtract Politicke Christian-favourite 40 Nature which does help to expell a worse distemper then its owne, doth resist to bring in a better. 1874 Athenæum 15 Aug. 199/1 The people of Ulster..were the last to be brought under English law, and..resisted to be so brought till resistance was utterly useless. 2000 N. Kumar in A. N. Prasad Indian Novelists in Eng. (2003) xxi. 187 [She] recognises her strangeness in America.., but she resists to be called a ‘freak’. (g) transitive. With an appealing person, thing, or quality as object. Chiefly in negative contexts. ΚΠ 1608 H. Parrot Epigrams lxx. sig. D2 ^v She knew him not (though scarcely could resist So sweet a youth and well apparelled). 1680 Don Tomazo 138 Most Fair and Dear to me of all your Sex Whose Charms no Creature is able to resist. 1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 117 Who can resist thee, lovely Fair! 1786 H. More Florio 20 For face, no mortal cou'd resist her, She smil'd like Hebe's youngest sister. 1876 C. Merivale Rom. Triumvirates ii. 36 No matron, it was said, could resist his beauty. 1883 H. Montgomery Hugh Montgomery 413 The very ‘preacher of righteousness’ who could withstand a world of scoffing idolaters, could not resist the wine cup. 1901 A. S. Pier Sentimentalists xxxvii. 400 If he could talk with her, face to face, she could not resist him. 1972 N.Y. Times 17 Dec. 70/3 What dieter could resist the cake? 2000 Punch (Nassau, Bahamas) 11 Dec. 20/5 I know he's ‘jail-bait’. But I can't resist him. b. intransitive. Esp. of a person: to offer resistance. Sometimes with against, †to. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)] nillOE loathea1200 to make it tough1297 forthinka1300 reckc1300 ruea1400 to make (it) strangec1405 to make strangenessc1407 stick1418 resistc1425 to make (it) strange?1456 steek1478 tarrowc1480 doubt1483 sunyie1488 to make (it) nice1530 stay1533 shentc1540 to make courtesy (at)1542 to make it scrupulous1548 to think (it) much1548 to make dainty of (anything)1555 to lie aback1560 stand1563 steek1573 to hang back1581 erch1584 to make doubt1586 to hang the groin1587 to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589 yearn1597 to hang the winga1601 to make squeamish1611 smay1632 bogglea1638 to hang off1641 waver1643 reluct1648 shy1650 reluctate1655 stickle1656 scruple1660 to make boggle1667 revere1689 begrudge1690 to have scruples1719 stopc1738 bitch1777 reprobate1779 crane1823 disincline1885 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist withstandc950 to make debatea1375 repugna1382 resista1547 reluct1547 reluctate1640 recalcitrate1647 renite1647 to fight back1890 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 2537 Ȝe of knyȝthod manly take on honde To resiste in þis silfe place. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 6978 (MED) Þou hast so many cruel fo Of Grekis..Ageyn whos myȝt þou maist þe nat assure To resiste. c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 16 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 403 It has vertu..fore to resyst a-gane fyre-slacht. c1480 (a1400) St. George 12 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 176 To resyst ay to sathane & to lordis of mykil mycht. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3548 Bot Valentynyane þe emperoure Resistyt ay til his erroure. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 109 Except man wyth cure..& labur resyst to the same, they over run reson. a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 95 What can he doo but yeld that must resist aloone? 1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Blacke Smyth 175 b That no man should resist agaynst his kyng. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. Deut. ix. 2 A great people and tal,..against whom no man is able to resist. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. ii. 81 Lay hold vpon him, if he doe resist, Subdue him at his perill. View more context for this quotation 1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 274 She forced herselfe to resist against the excesse of her affliction. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 30 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The Horse-men,..having nothing to resist with, are easily shot. 1723 A. Hill King Henry V ii. 23 My Sister, long resisting, felt, at last, The rising Passion swell her struggling Soul. 1771 in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxiii. 292 That the council did not resist, is true. a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. P. Calderon Scenes from Magico Prodigioso in Posthumous Poems (1824) 388 How wilt thou then Resist, Justina? a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) II. viii. 573 The nation not daring, and what was still worse, not wishing, to resist, gave way. 1891 J. K. Jerome Diary of Pilgrimage 54 They..caught hold of my Gladstone. I resisted feebly, but was overpowered. 1916 Minnesota Horticulturist May 185 By the term hardiness is understood the capacity to resist against any special condition of environment. 1955 W. S. Burroughs Let. 21 Oct. (1993) 289 The Moment of Truth when you see his front, his will to resist, collapse. 1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 May 36/3 When the Serbs returned again in 1918 at the end of the war some parts of Kosovo resisted, particularly in the Drenica region. †3. intransitive. To stop, desist; to rest, remain. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] i-swikec893 swikec897 atwindc1000 linOE studegieOE stintc1175 letc1200 stuttea1225 leavec1225 astint1250 doc1300 finec1300 blina1325 cease1330 stable1377 resta1382 ho1390 to say or cry ho1390 resta1398 astartc1400 discontinuec1425 surcease1428 to let offc1450 resista1475 finish1490 to lay a straw?a1505 to give over1526 succease1551 to put (also pack) up one's pipes1556 end1557 to stay (one's own or another's) hand1560 stick1574 stay1576 to draw bridle1577 to draw rein1577 to set down one's rest1589 overgive1592 absist1614 subsista1639 beholdc1650 unbridle1653 to knock offa1657 acquiesce1659 to set (up) one's rest1663 sista1676 stop1689 to draw rein1725 subside1734 remit1765 to let up1787 to wind (up) one's pirna1835 to cry crack1888 to shut off1896 to pack in1906 to close down1921 to pack up1925 to sign off1929 society > morality > duty or obligation > responsibility > be under responsibility [verb (intransitive)] > remain with one as a responsibility resista1475 rest1523 a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 184 Wherefore I [sc. Darius] sende to the [sc. Alexander] and commaunde the..incontinent that þou resist of this [a1460 anon. tr. put the oute of thi grete foly] for thou arte a childe of no value, fulle of folie. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1090 Bot I rasyst [v.r. desist] throw chargis off our consaill. The southmaist part off Ingland we sall se. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. P2 In yowere hande the goode and the ill of the ladies resistethe. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxii. 299 Hector flies. Minerua stayes him: he resists, and dies. †4. transitive. To prevent from doing something. Also with infinitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] forbidc1000 forrunc1275 forbar1303 before-comec1384 withstanda1400 withholdc1400 prevenec1485 supprime1490 interrupt1497 resist?a1513 prevent1522 discourage1528 prohibit1531 stop1534 forleta1555 bar1559 to bar by and main1567 disbar1567 to cut off1576 embar1577 forestall1579 obvent1588 cancel1594 waylay1625 suppress1651 antevene1655 arceate1657 exarceate1657 interpel1722 stump1858 estop1876 plug1887 pre-empt1957 deter1961 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 156 To put this in rememberance, Mycht no man me resist. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xi. sig. V5 Beautifull trees, which resisted the sunnes dartes from ouer-much pearcing the naturall coldnes of the Riuer. 1662 G. Carew Fraud & Violence Discovered 61 Keeping the seas free from Pyrates and Rovers, when the Bourgundians had not a man of warr to resist them from dragging away the Ships out of their..roads and Harbours. 5. transitive. To succeed in refraining from (an action to which one may be tempted or drawn). Frequently in negative contexts, as cannot (could not, etc.) resist: is (was, etc.) certain to be attracted by or unable to refrain from (doing what is specified). ΚΠ 1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue xiv. sig. F.v Thay..nolder precheis thair selfis, nor causis precheyng sufficient to be maid to resyste errouris. 1716 A. M. P. Du Noyer Lett. from Lady at Paris (ed. 2) I. xvii. 203 She first looked upon Don Francisco only as the Instrument of her Revenge..; but afterwards could not resist having an Esteem for him. 1779 J. Wharton Let. 11 Feb. in B. Franklin Papers (1990) XXVIII. 508 I cannot resist congratulating you..in this appointment. 1817 M. Keating Trav. I. 81 It is hard to resist the surmise that Cæsar's account is drawn up with quite as much regard to effect as to reality. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. ix. 168 She could not resist coming to my chamber to show herself in all her splendour. 1886 Outing Dec. 201/1 A small covey of ptarmigan..settled at such provokingly short distance that I could not resist a couple of shots. 1940 M. Dickens Mariana ii. 26 Although Mary had not confided in her, the romance had not passed Mrs. Shannon by, and she could not resist a little occasional covert probing. 1984 R. M. Pyle Audubon Soc. Handbk. for Butterfly Watchers v. 55 Unable to resist a quick look at a potential mate, males especially spring up to encircle newcomers. 2006 Mother & Baby Aug. 174/2 I couldn't resist buying him just a few cute little outfits. †6. transitive. To affect with distaste, to repel. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > feeling against or a settled dislike > impulse of aversion > turn away from or regard with aversion or reject [verb (transitive)] > repel resist1609 repulse1816 to put off1909 to turn off1951 off-put1970 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles vii. 27 These Cates resist mee, hee not thought vpon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see also also refers to : -resistcomb. form < n.1535v.?c1400 see also
随便看	invincibility invincible invincible armada invincible ignorance invincibleness invinciblenesses invincibleship invincibly invincibly ignorant inviolabilities inviolability inviolable inviolableness inviolablenesses inviolably inviolacies inviolacy isocaproic isocarboxazid isocarboxazids isocarpous isocellular isocenter isocentre isocephaly

resistn.

Compounds

resistv.

> see also