bilen.

Brit.

/bʌɪl/, U.S.

/baɪl/

Etymology: < French bile, < Latin bīlis.

a. The fluid secreted by the liver, and poured into the duodenum, as an aid to the digestive process. It is bitter, of a brownish yellow colour, passing sometimes into green, and of a highly complex structure. (It was one of the ‘four humours’ of early physiology, and was, till the beginning of the 18th cent., commonly termed choler.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > gall or bile > [noun]

attera700

gallc825

choler1530

bile1665

1665 R. Sprackling Medela Ignorantiæ 147 Blood, Bile, Phlegme and Melancholy.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 228 These foolish Fancies..Are certain Symptoms..Of boiling Choler, and abounding Bile.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 267 Livers of Animals, because of the Bile which they contain.

1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) II. i. xxiii. 331 The bile of the ox..is commonly yellowish green.

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. iii. 95 Bile..is secreted by the liver, and is received into a special receptacle termed the gall-bladder.

b. Excess or derangement of the bile.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > bilious disorders

black choleraa1398

black humoura1398

cholera1398

melancholya1398

choler adusta1400

black choler?a1425

melancholiousness1526

burnt choler1578

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

black bile1634

polycholia1799

bile1803

acholia1835

biliousness1856

1803 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 10 I am..quite free both from gout and bile.

2. figurative. Anger, ill temper, peevishness. Cf. choler n. and adj., gall n.¹, spleen n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > peevishness > [noun]

crabbingc1450

protervitya1527

peevishness1561

pettishness1603

fretfulness1615

huffiness1678

froppishness1688

petulancy1712

fractiousness1727

crossness1740

petulance1785

bile1836

huffishness1841

biliousness1856

pettedness1860

strop1970

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. viii. 97 His bile was raised by this parade and display in a lad.

1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iv. 398 After all this bile against those the royal bird represents.

3. black bile n. = atrabilis ( in 1728 at atrabile n.), choler adust n. at choler n. 2c, or melancholy, the fourth of the ‘humours’ of early physiology; see atrabile n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > black bile as cause of melancholy

black choleraa1398

choler adusta1400

black choler?a1425

melancholic1590

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

black bile1634

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > bilious disorders

black choleraa1398

black humoura1398

cholera1398

melancholya1398

choler adusta1400

black choler?a1425

melancholiousness1526

burnt choler1578

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

black bile1634

polycholia1799

bile1803

acholia1835

biliousness1856

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours

phlegmc1250

moisturea1387

melancholyc1390

cholera1393

black humoura1398

choleraa1398

melancholiaa1398

coldness1398

sanguineness1530

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

primary humour1621

black bile1634

cambium1634

yellow bile1634

kapha1937

pitta1937

dosha1959

1634 ‘Philiatreus’ Gen. Pract. Med. sig. A6^v Divers parts are appointed for the ingendring of diverse humors excrementitious, as the lever for breeding of yellow byle: the melt, of black byle, the stomack, the tryps, and the braine of phlegme.

1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. x. 88 He had been..accumulating..black bile.

1836 A. Walker Beauty in Woman 202 The ancients classed individuals in one or other of four temperaments, founded on the hypothesis of four humours,..the red part [of the blood], phlegm, yellow, and black bile.

1973 Harvard Theol. Rev. 66 299 An imbalance of the humors caused black bile to become ‘adust’, the fumes of which rose to the brain, disordering the intellect and causing insanity.

2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 May 28/2 Douglas Trevor argues that Spenser privileged holy sadness even as he deplored the sorts of despair which arose from an excess of black bile in the blood.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as bile-cell, bile-cyst, bile-duct, etc.; bile-pigment n. one of the colouring substances of bile. bile-stone n. a calculus formed in the gall bladder, a gallstone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > ducts > [noun] > bile-duct

choler passage1662

bile-duct1774

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > gall bladder disorders

gallstone1759

bile-stone1796

cholecystitis1873

the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > bile pigments

bile-pigment1880

bili-cyanin1880

1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks i. ii. 13 In the Liver, it were hard to say, which is a Blood-vessels, and which is a Bile-vessel..if it were not for the contents of them both.

1774 E. Darwin in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 346 The bile-duct was tied before it was taken out of the body.

1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia ii. 4 Where these bile-stones are too large to pass.

1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 87 In health no bile-pigment can be detected in the blood.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bile
释义	bilen. Brit. /bʌɪl/, U.S. /baɪl/ Etymology: < French bile, < Latin bīlis. 1. a. The fluid secreted by the liver, and poured into the duodenum, as an aid to the digestive process. It is bitter, of a brownish yellow colour, passing sometimes into green, and of a highly complex structure. (It was one of the ‘four humours’ of early physiology, and was, till the beginning of the 18th cent., commonly termed choler.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > gall or bile > [noun] attera700 gallc825 choler1530 bile1665 1665 R. Sprackling Medela Ignorantiæ 147 Blood, Bile, Phlegme and Melancholy. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 228 These foolish Fancies..Are certain Symptoms..Of boiling Choler, and abounding Bile. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 267 Livers of Animals, because of the Bile which they contain. 1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) II. i. xxiii. 331 The bile of the ox..is commonly yellowish green. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. iii. 95 Bile..is secreted by the liver, and is received into a special receptacle termed the gall-bladder. b. Excess or derangement of the bile. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > bilious disorders black choleraa1398 black humoura1398 cholera1398 melancholya1398 choler adusta1400 black choler?a1425 melancholiousness1526 burnt choler1578 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 black bile1634 polycholia1799 bile1803 acholia1835 biliousness1856 1803 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 10 I am..quite free both from gout and bile. 2. figurative. Anger, ill temper, peevishness. Cf. choler n. and adj., gall n.¹, spleen n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > peevishness > [noun] crabbingc1450 protervitya1527 peevishness1561 pettishness1603 fretfulness1615 huffiness1678 froppishness1688 petulancy1712 fractiousness1727 crossness1740 petulance1785 bile1836 huffishness1841 biliousness1856 pettedness1860 strop1970 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. viii. 97 His bile was raised by this parade and display in a lad. 1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iv. 398 After all this bile against those the royal bird represents. 3. black bile n. = atrabilis ( in 1728 at atrabile n.), choler adust n. at choler n. 2c, or melancholy, the fourth of the ‘humours’ of early physiology; see atrabile n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > black bile as cause of melancholy black choleraa1398 choler adusta1400 black choler?a1425 melancholic1590 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 black bile1634 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > bilious disorders black choleraa1398 black humoura1398 cholera1398 melancholya1398 choler adusta1400 black choler?a1425 melancholiousness1526 burnt choler1578 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 black bile1634 polycholia1799 bile1803 acholia1835 biliousness1856 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours phlegmc1250 moisturea1387 melancholyc1390 cholera1393 black humoura1398 choleraa1398 melancholiaa1398 coldness1398 sanguineness1530 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 primary humour1621 black bile1634 cambium1634 yellow bile1634 kapha1937 pitta1937 dosha1959 1634 ‘Philiatreus’ Gen. Pract. Med. sig. A6^v Divers parts are appointed for the ingendring of diverse humors excrementitious, as the lever for breeding of yellow byle: the melt, of black byle, the stomack, the tryps, and the braine of phlegme. 1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. x. 88 He had been..accumulating..black bile. 1836 A. Walker Beauty in Woman 202 The ancients classed individuals in one or other of four temperaments, founded on the hypothesis of four humours,..the red part [of the blood], phlegm, yellow, and black bile. 1973 Harvard Theol. Rev. 66 299 An imbalance of the humors caused black bile to become ‘adust’, the fumes of which rose to the brain, disordering the intellect and causing insanity. 2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 May 28/2 Douglas Trevor argues that Spenser privileged holy sadness even as he deplored the sorts of despair which arose from an excess of black bile in the blood. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as bile-cell, bile-cyst, bile-duct, etc.; bile-pigment n. one of the colouring substances of bile. bile-stone n. a calculus formed in the gall bladder, a gallstone. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > ducts > [noun] > bile-duct choler passage1662 bile-duct1774 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > gall bladder disorders gallstone1759 bile-stone1796 cholecystitis1873 the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > bile pigments bile-pigment1880 bili-cyanin1880 1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks i. ii. 13 In the Liver, it were hard to say, which is a Blood-vessels, and which is a Bile-vessel..if it were not for the contents of them both. 1774 E. Darwin in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 346 The bile-duct was tied before it was taken out of the body. 1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia ii. 4 Where these bile-stones are too large to pass. 1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 87 In health no bile-pigment can be detected in the blood. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1634
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