† requiren.
Obsolete (rare after 17th cent.).
An instance of requiring something; a demand.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > demand
require1502
demanding1530
pretension1585
requiry1598
demand1604
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. xxvi. sig. hh.i They be not bounde after the requyre [Fr. rigueur] of commaundement.
1611 H. Broughton (title) A reqvire of agreement to the groundes of divinitie studie.
1652 J. Blackman et al. Let. 12 Dec. in N. Buckeridge Jrnl. & Let. Bk. (1973) App. B. 95 Our former Commissions have laide forth our requiers soe amply about seizing of Mallabers that we refer you to the perusall thereof.
1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 19 When suddenly, with intenser utterance, scream'd The music's wild require.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
requirev.
/rᵻˈkwʌɪə/, U.S. /rəˈkwaɪ(ə)r/, /riˈkwaɪ(ə)r/ I. To make a request or demand of a person.† 1. To ask, request, or beseech (a person) to do something.† 2. transitive. To ask (a person) for something. With of or (occasionally) for. Obsolete.† 3. † 4. transitive. To invite, call, summon (a person); spec. (originally and chiefly Scottish) to call upon (a person) to execute a legal duty or to attend a court of law. Frequently with to. Obsolete.
a. transitive. Without construction. Obsolete.Quot. ?1312 apparently shows a contemporary or near-contemporary gloss on requisiti in the Latin text.
ΚΠ
?1312 in Facsimiles National MSS Scotl. (1870) II. xix. 14 Requirit [L. Dicti eciam..[homines]..ad consilium..Abbatis..cum requisiti fuerint.]
a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1053 (MED) Vs aw to ȝem our tong And spek not bot we be requerde.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 5 It is an higher..thinge forto praise and thanke God, thanne to requere hym.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 30 Many tymes he had ben requyred of many noble prynces.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. S.ii The poore naked soule..that requireth her with such passion & so instantly.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. I6 Longer could I occupie my selfe to trauell in this action with you, but that I deeme it (more then alreadie) impertinent to require you.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Macc. vii. 10 When he was required, he put out his tongue. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. ii. 157 He wil require them As if he did contemne what he requested, Should be in them to giue. View more context for this quotation
b. transitive. With infinitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > a person to do something
crave?c1225
seek1362
requirec1380
aska1400
require1415
to call upon ——a1450
will?1457
requestc1485
bespeaka1616
beg1675
c1380 J. Aston in J. Lewis Hist. Life & Sufferings Wiclif (1820) 262 Y John Aston Prist unworthely required..to say what I felyde in the matyr of the Sacrament of the Autere.
1390 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 217/1 The said Schir Thomas..requerit me..to make hym ane instrument.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2300 (MED) I the requere..Nat to arette to presumpcioun..Þat I am bold.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 100 Torre..pulled oute hys swerde, knelynge and requyrynge the kynge to make hym knyght.
c1480 in D. Gray & E. G. Stanley Middle Eng. Stud. (1983) 141 And prayede me full hertelye your lordeshypp to require To shewe theym the fauoure of your magnifycence.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 1779 (MED) We will require yow..To shew your grace on to Generydes.
1540 T. Cromwell Let. 12 June in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 266 I then requeryd them to Counsayle thayr mastres to vse all pleasauntnes to your Highnes.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 83 I muste earnestly require you, to teach me some way [etc.].
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 323 Being required by the kinsemen of the dead, to take it from thence.
1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 3 Nov. (1855) 77 Gif they be not requyerit by you to come so prepared, the blame shall be imputed to you.
1777 J. Wesley Let. 11 Jan. (1931) VI. 249 I require you..to give no tickets to any person who will not promise neither to buy nor sell uncustomed goods any more.
c. transitive. With that-clause. Also occasionally with omission of that. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > a person to do something
crave?c1225
seek1362
requirec1380
aska1400
require1415
to call upon ——a1450
will?1457
requestc1485
bespeaka1616
beg1675
1415 in E. F. Jacob & H. C. Johnson Reg. Henry Chichele (1937) II. 46 (MED) Y wul þat my forsaid godes..shal be departed..praynge ȝow and requirynge..þat þis my wil and ordinance..be performed.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 835 (MED) Pallamydes..seide he wolde nat refuse Taquite hym silf..Manly requeringe it may be don in hast.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 263 Quharfor I ȝow requeir and pray, That..ȝhe pres ȝow at the begynnyng.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 8 I raqueire thi hienes that in thi mynd thou honour and dreid him.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxvjv He requireth them therefore that they woulde not deale after this sorte.
1611 E. India Co. Comm. 4 Apr. in A. Farrington Eng. Factory in Japan (1991) II. 984 Item, wee requier you that you send us a p'ticular invoice of ev'y shipp's cargason by the rest of the shipps.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. iv. 141 In humblest manner I require your Highnes, That it shall please you [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
d. transitive. With imperative clause. Obsolete.Some quots. (as c1470, c1515) may be instances of a bare infinitive clause; cf. sense 1b.
ΚΠ
c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 87 (MED) For Goddis love, I require you haue mercy on me.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 74 (MED) I pray yow and requyre, telle me of that ye knowe my herte desireth so.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 110 Cum neir, And be not strange, I the requeir.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lix. 205 Syrs, I requyre you arme you quyckely.
1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iii. 43 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Defend vs mighty Lord we thee require.
1673 Emblems Divine xiii. 25 Stand out o'th' Sun, (quoth he) I thee require.
1771 W. Evans tr. R. Prichard Welshman's Candle 99 Take heed, take special heed I thee require, That thou dost not thy carnal will obey.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)]
yearnOE
bid971
seek971
askOE
beseechc1175
banc1275
yerec1275
cravec1300
desirec1330
impetrec1374
praya1382
nurnc1400
pleadc1400
require1400
fraynec1430
proke1440
requisitea1475
wishc1515
supply1546
request1549
implore?c1550
to speak for ——1560
entreat1565
impetratec1565
obtest?1577
solicit1595
invoke1617
mendicate1618
petition1621
imprecate1636
conjurea1704
speer1724
canvass1768
kick1792
I will thank you to do so-and-so1813
quest1897
to hit a person up for1917
1400 in F. C. Hingeston Royal & Hist. Lett. Reign Henry IV (1860) I. 23 Of the quhilk wrang and defowle to me and my douchter in swilk maner done, I..requere yhow of help and suppowall.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §713 They ne requeren [c1425 Petworth requiren; c1415 Lansd. queren, v.r. quethen] ne preyen me nat of pees.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 7 (MED) He..sware to her that he wolde neuer requere her of no suche materes.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxix. 100 He..enhaunceth the meke and humble that requyreth hym of mercy.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 144 Sum is for gift sa lang requyrd.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ix. 7 Than ye quene..required hym all wepyng of his good counsaile.
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iii. 106 b They had the night before, requyred the Leydens of certaine horsemen, to discouer the enemie.
a. transitive. To ask (a person) a question; to enquire of (a person) why, if, etc. Also: to interrogate, question. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > ask, enquire [verb (transitive)] > of someone
fraynea800
of-askOE
askc1330
fraista1400
requirec1400
inquirec1430
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1056 (MED) Þis enquest I require yow here, Þat ȝe me telle..if euer ȝe tale herde Of þe grene chapel.
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 64 He requyred [Fr. enquist] him so soore that he toolde him the cause of his iournay.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xx. 99 She..being required what she would, sayeth [etc.].
1578–9 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. III. 76 He wes..required gif he wald retene the said charge.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 47 Thairfor he spak the mair scharplie in his cause and requyrit the cardinall quhy he keipit nocht promise into him.
1680 Tryal Thomas Earl of Strafford 189 The Lord Deputy told me, I was not mis-represented to His Majesty; for himself had represented me..: And then directly required me, whether I would confess them, or deny them.
b. transitive. With clause as object. To ask (a question) of a person. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) l. 2857 (MED) They requeryng ȝif she coude telle wher her lord the bisshop shuld dwelle.
a1500 Let. Alexander 429 in Mediaeval Stud. (1979) 41 137 (MED) We Required and asked [L. quaerimus] what maner men thei weren.
a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander 2633 Syne at his goddis fast requirit he Thay wald him tell quhat ded that he suld de.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 120 James Hamiltoun..requyreit of him quhat was his mynde.
1671 E. Howard Womens Conquest iv. i. 58 I must now require, whether no other Motive has produc'd this inclination?
c. transitive. To ask (a person) about something. With of. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 107 (MED) This purpose seruyth to the ensaumples of which þou diddist requere me.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 527 How Culenus..requyrit the Kirkmen of the Takynis in the Sky, and of thair Ansuer.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon
lathec900
hightOE
clepec1000
ofclepeOE
ofsendOE
warna1250
callc1300
summonc1300
incalla1340
upcallc1340
summonda1400
becallc1400
ofgredec1400
require1418
assummonc1450
accitec1475
provoke1477
convey1483
mand1483
whistle1486
vocatec1494
wishc1515
to call up1530
citea1533
convent1540
convocate1542
prorogate1543
accersit1548
whistle for1560
advocatea1575
citate1581
evocate1639
demand1650
to warn in1654
summons1694
invoke1697
to send for1744
to turn up1752
requisition1800
whip1857
1418 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 295 (MED) These be þe namys of þe Marineris that buth Rebel aȝayns the Kyng-is Comission whan thay be Required by the Maisters of þe ky[ng]-is Cervise.
1420 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis (1837) 476 Apon the quhylkis thyngis the sayde Willȝame..requirit vs in witnesyng.
?a1450 J. Arderne in 17th Internat. Congr. Med. (1914) xxiii. 125 (MED) Thane was I required & came to hyme.
1497 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. 79 The sade venerable fader was requirit to this accione, oft tymes callit and nocht comperit.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. viii. 54 And hym allane,..He askis and requiris into melle.
1583 C. Carleill in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 723 Thus the poore king..being required thither to a banquet, was traiterously caried away.
1665 J. Spencer Disc. Vulgar Prophecies 59 If the inspired man required them to a faith of some Prediction or Doctrine.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 283 A writ of exigent or exigi facias..which requires the sheriff to cause the defendant to be proclaimed, required, or exacted, in five county courts successively, to render himself.
5.
a. transitive. To order, instruct, or oblige (a person) to do something. In later use frequently in passive.Also with infinitive implied.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > call on to do something
summonc1300
to call up1389
requirec1425
callc1430
repeal1585
demand1632
c1425 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1864) 6 224 Ȝe shal..resseyve þe comoun good..& trewe rekenyng make þerof..whanne ȝe ben requyrid..þerto bi þe meyris officers.
1437 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 39 (MED) He wold require þe sherrief to reteine a panel & to sitte for þe pees.
1456 T. Bekington Let. in G. Williams Mem. Reign Henry VI (1872) II. 164 Yow, maister William Myllynton, required be us to make youre solempne oth.
1517 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 44 Raquerand James of Dodis to produs his prefis efter the tenor of the last act.
1528 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 127 And in the meyn sesoune, quhan evir I am requirit, I caus my lieuteinentis..mak gude redres.
a1555 J. Hooper Apologye (1561) sig. Cv And althoughe God doeth require me to obey the magistrate yet he forbyddeth me to flatter the magistrate.
1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vi. i. 2 The law required euery man to perfect the complete number of twentie yeares stipend.
1669 Ormonde MSS in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 102 Wee require the souldiers..to draw off from the petitioner and his tenants, and..shew by what authority..they are layd uppon them.
a1676 J. Dunton House of Weeping (1682) i. 116 That I may weep as I should, and hope as I ought, and live as I am required, I will humble my self at the feet of him to whom my brother is gone.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Sonna A Book of Mahometan Traditions, wherein all the Orthodox Mussulmans are required to believe.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 163. ⁋13 It was his practice to impose tasks upon me, by requiring me to write upon such subjects.
1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 165 From this situation of the flank march, it is that every regiment is required to begin the deploy, when forming in line with others.
1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. v. 29 The constables are required to summon or as it is said to warn all the freemen to meet together yearly.
1877 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 3) I. App. 662 The government required..each county to find its quota of ships.
1892 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 21 130 If a woman orders a man to be off he must do as he is required.
1904 L. Steffens Shame of Cities 72 They should be required to pay the city fine only once in two months.
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Nov. 413/2 It would not have been possible for many of the so-called squatters to make a profit out of grazing sheep if they had been required to freehold the land.
2008 Church Times 14 Mar. 16/3 The canon requires us to baptise infants.
b. transitive. With that-clause. Now archaic and rare.In early use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1c.
ΚΠ
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 15 The king of Sklauonye sente his propre messager vnto the fair Mirro for to require her that she sholde gyue audience to one of his knightes that he wolde sende vnto her.
1567 in M. W. S. Hawkins Plymouth Armada Heroes (1888) 26 He..therefore required him, that within twelve hours he should depart the port.
1589 Articles Against Horsey in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. iii. 331 He practized with the said Lord Boris Fedorowich to send for Robert Peacocke, to require him that he should write nothinge into England against Hierom Horssey and Anthonie Marshe.
1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 22 Oct. (1855) 69 And..we heirby requyer you, that thir orderes may be presentlie dischargit be you.
c1680 in R. R. Hinman Lett. Eng. Kings (1836) 117 Wee will and require you that you give all due encouragement and assistance to the said Edward Randolph.
1704 W. Nelson Office & Authority Justice of Peace 99 These are to require you that you forthwith Collect the several Sums of Money mentioned.
a1750 W. Berriman Christ. Doctr. in 19 Serm. (1763) i. 41 I..take the present opportunity to exhort and require you, that you neither insist upon it [sc. administration of the sacrament in private houses] without shewing occasion, nor plead occasion when there's none.
1843 T. Smelt Brothers iv. i. 39 About this time the State required him That he should marry!
a1899 K. A. Benton Geber (1900) xi. 149 My own slave Gulnare, who was even at work with him to-day when I required her that she accompany me hither.
1919 Joint Conf. Coal Operators & Coal Miners of Central Competitive Field 200 I conceive my duty to require me that I do not say to one side..what I do not at the same moment say to the other side.
II. To request, demand, or need a thing.† 9. intransitive. To be requisite or necessary. Cf. need v.2 3. Obsolete.
6. † a. intransitive. To make a request or demand. Obsolete.In quot. a1382: to demand a penalty.† c. transitive. To ask for (something) as a favour; to beg, entreat, or request (a favour). Occasionally with of. Obsolete.† d. transitive. With direct and indirect object. To ask for (a thing) from (a person); to demand (an action) of (a person). Cf. sense 2. Obsolete.† e. transitive. With infinitive. To ask or request to have, know, or do something. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xxiv. 22 [He] slewȝ his sone. The whiche, whanne he schulde dyen, seith, The Lord see, and requyre [L. requirat].
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 6689 Þan may we alle in worschip..Retournen hom..Ȝif þei assent to don as we require.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) v. 1275 (MED) Thei..yald hem prisoneeris, Meekli requeryng vnto Scipioun To resceyue hem.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) cxcv To quham for me thou pitousely requere.
1556 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 361 Also I will that myn executors reqwyer on sute for my twentie nobles.
1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark xv. 8 And when the multitude was come vp, they began to require [L. rogare] according as alwaies he did vnto them.
1611 Bible (King James) Luke xxiii. 24 Pilate gaue sentence that it should be as they required . View more context for this quotation
1663 J. Beale Let. 21 Jan. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1965) II. 10 I bequeath all my rabbage, concerning Ortyards cider &c to Mr Evelyns polishing, And will shortly Adde a busy chapter for vessells, as yu require.
1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 119 Shall burning Ætna, if a Sage requires, Forget to thunder, and recall her fires?
1747 G. West Obs. Hist & Evid. Resurrection 362 God will require of him according to what he hath, and not according to what he hath not.
1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 86 They must..require Of Heaven with upward eyes for all that they desire.
b. transitive. To demand (a thing) authoritatively or as a right; to demand, claim, or insist on having (something) from or of someone.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > demand
bid971
ofgoOE
askOE
cravec1025
to call after ——?a1300
requirea1382
callc1430
protest1459
to call for ——1479
demand1489
speer1493
command1576
to put (also place, call, etc.) in (or into) requisition1831
requisition1874
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. ix. 5 Blode forsoþ of ȝour soules I schall requyre [L. requiram] of þe hond of all beestz..of þe hond of man & of þe broþer of hym I schall requyre [L. requiram] þe soul of man.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 336 (MED) Þe blood of just Abel shal be requyrid of Cayn.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 97 (MED) Lestage..is a thynge required [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. i-chalanged; L. exacta] in feires.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos viii. 34 [They] notefyden vnto the quene, how the sayd kyng had requyred her in maryage.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Ii Of all these benefytes..he wyll requyre streight accountes.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xliii. B I wyll be suertye for him, of my handes shalt thou requyre him.
1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 119 His death was now violently required.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 134 I..require My Dukedome of thee, which, perforce I know Thou must restore. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 529 Our voluntarie service he requires . View more context for this quotation
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 84 He requireth of them much more than they can perform. View more context for this quotation
1722 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers iii. 80 Oliver Cromwell..requir'd, both of the Soldiers and others, the Oath of Fidelity.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. i. 109 I require no more than that a Man should have some little Knowledge of the Subject on which he treats. View more context for this quotation
1799 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 263 Something is required from you as a set off against the sin of your retirement.
1816 H. Downing Mary 86 He fancies this is all that God requires.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. II. ix. 347 The royal commissioners appeared at the Charterhouse to require the submission of the brethren.
1886 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm.: Suppl. Nights I. 22 Abu al-Hasan asked, ‘What dost thou require of me?’
1915 W. Cather Song of Lark ii. viii. 216 By doing all that was required of her by her family, her teachers, her pupils, she kept that part of herself from being caught up in the meshes of common things.
1957 I. Murdoch Sandcastle ii. 20 At least a nominal faith of an Anglican variety was required by the Governors in any candidate for the Headship.
2001 Chicago Tribune 22 Oct. i. 5/6 All city facilities will be locked down and IDs required of all employees.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §767 The reconsilynge which we been nat worthy to haue..we oghten requeren it wt greet contricioun.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 7316 (MED) Euery knyȝt schulde..His enmy spare..whan he Mercy requiriþ.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) 422 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 345 (MED) Mercy requyryng, thus I wyll begynne.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 14 Peleus promised to Iason that he sholde accomplisshe..al that he had required of him.
1542 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 7 I shall not require of your maistership any thing, but oonly that without which noo man can live.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C3 Dame Vna, weary Dame,..entrance did requere.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 119 Being thirsty, he required water of one of his Scholers.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 406 They go commission'd to require a Peace.
?1705 W. Clark True Relation Mrs Jane Farrer 2 The Gentlewoman required a Favour of me, which she told me must not be deny'd.
1788 W. Cowper Poet's New Year's Gift 10 What favour then not yet possessed Can I for thee require?
1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 29 Requiring at her hand the greatest gift, A woman's heart.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 983 Plight me thy trouthe here in myn hand..The nexte thyng that I requere thee Thow shalt it do.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 70 (MED) Wherto hast thou required me the armures whan thou miht not bere hem?
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. iii. 14 Grant this ane axin quhilk I thé requeir [Small requeyr].
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 114 On the sauch treis our harpis we hang, Quhen thay requyrit vs ane sang.
?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 158 My sonne, saied he, this I charge and require thee.
1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme iii. sig. F3 What's it you require me maister Quomodo?
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > to do or have a thing
ask?c1400
require1479
request1565
beg1576
1479 Earl Rivers tr. Cordyal (Caxton) ii. i Certeyne it is to be beleued, that he that hath geuen them our sowles to kepe: shal require to haue Reason of that kepyng.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxiiv Thambassadors require [L. petunt] to haue the conditions mitigated.
1568 in J. Hosack Mary Queen of Scots (1869) I. 544 Diuers noblemen writt to hir, requiring to knaw the trewth of hir strange and irreverent handilling.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1685/2 When he should haue bene tyed to the stake, he required to stand vntyed.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 44 I sadlye requyred, Too confer further.
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes ii. 123 He..was informed by his Squire, that a man..required to speak with him.
1710 T. Brett Acct. Church-govt. (ed. 2) xiv. 367 They found it more expedient to order their Retirement immediately after the opening of the Convocation, and from time to time required to know the result of their Debates.
1737 S. A. Laval Compend. Hist. Reformation in France I. ii. 184 Attorney-General Bourdin made his Opposition, requiring to have a Day appointed to shew cause why du Faur ought to remain a Prisoner.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. ii. 29 The Earl's chamberlain..informed Tressilian that his lord required to speak with him.
7.
a. To demand or call for (something) as appropriate or suitable in a particular case; to need for a particular purpose.
(a) transitive. With simple object and in adverbial clauses introduced by as. †required to: requisite for (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)]
behovec890
to have mister ofc1300
needa1382
requirec1392
misterc1450
lack1530
note1710
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > require or demand > for a particular case
requirec1392
c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 42/6 (MED) Day by day shaltow descende in the meridional lyne after þat the reknynge of thy verrey argument requerith.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 430 Whan þt the cas required it The comune profit koude she redresse.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §188 Of hem shaltow axe thy conseil as the cas requyreth.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. 359 (MED) Their [sc. almond trees'] magnitude a larger lond requyreth [L. desiderat].
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aiv The condicions requyred to a pilgreme that entendeth to go to the erthly Ierusalem.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xiij Howe can men discerne such vertues in him as be required in a mightye prynce?
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 47 Or oftner, or seldomer, as occasion required.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 97 If the businesse bee of any difficulty,..it requires hast of your Lordship. View more context for this quotation
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. Ep. to Rdr. That great Industry, or Accurate judgment,..required to such a Work.
1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World III. x. 380 Yet this is not to maim the Man, but to render him more Divine by the fewness of Organs required to the Function of Life.
1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 2 A Computation of the expences of the Building, and of the time required to go through with it.
1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer 110 An acre of ground will require ten pound of seed.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 191 To bring the ground into this condition requires more expence. View more context for this quotation
1810 G. Crabbe Borough i. 3 Cities and Towns, the various haunts of men, Require the pencil; they defy the pen.
1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. ii. 39 More than 1,200,000 Earths would be required to make one Sun.
1884 Instr. Mil. Engin. (ed. 3) I. ii. 59 The tools required are..1 rammer, 1 key-hammer, 2 beaters.
1904 J. Conrad Nostromo iii. iv. 318 The material interests required from him the sacrifice of his aloofness.
1951 E. Bowen Shelbourne v. 133 The different chairs, tables, sofas, sideboards, mirrors, bedsteads, and wardrobes brought in, as expansion required, at different times.
2006 ‘A. Ant’ Stand & Deliver i. 7 Every now and then I'd try to remember how to play ‘Chopsticks’, an impressive tune requiring the use of only two fingers.
(b) transitive. With that-clause as object.
ΚΠ
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 552 Plato..requireth that great bellied women should giue themselues to walking.
1697 Verdicts Virg. & Homer vi. 24 Clarty [sic] being the first Vertue of Eloquence..good Sense requires that we think always clearly.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Pref. The rigour of interpretative lexicography requires that the explanation, and the word explained, should be always reciprocal.
1795 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 116 My own quiet required that I should face it [sc. the idea] and examine it.
1861 S. Kerl Comprehensive Gram. Eng. Lang. ii. 123 Politeness usually requires that the speaker shall mention the addressed person first, and himself last.
1903 Bulletin (Sydney) 22 Oct. 35/2 He classes cooks into two species—those who require that all hands shall smooge, and those who smooge to all hands.
1979 R. J. Bartrum & H. C. Crow Case Stud. in Ultrasound p. v The satisfactory application of ultrasound requires that the practitioner know the clinical history.
2009 Ireland's Eye Jan. 26/2 Shaving..required that the hands that milked cows..temporarily morph into those of a surgeon, such was the delicate nature of the operation.
b. Of a law, custom, a general principle, etc.: to demand as necessary or essential.
(a) transitive. With simple object and in adverbial clauses introduced by as.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §473 He shal punysshe hem as the lawe axeth & requereth.
c1450 ( Crowned King 37 in W. W. Skeat Langland's Piers Plowman (1873) 525 A..subsidie..To be rered in the reaume as reson requyred.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 233 A gude requeris ane othir and rycht sa ane euill be the commoun lawis.
a1500 (c1451) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 121 (MED) We praye..that ye suffre oure said clerke to rejoyse his said hospital..as right, law, and good conscience requiren.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxii The kinges rode about the felde as honor of armes required.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Rom. Prol. sig. ++iiiiv The lawe requireth a fre, a willinge, a lusty and a louynge hearte.
1562 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 223 To wair thair lyfes as thair dewetie and detfull obedience requyris.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης vi. 61 The Law and his Coronal Oath requires his undeniable assent to what Laws the Parlament agree upon.
1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. 144 An Imposing Church..will be both Party and Judge: it requires Assent without Evidence, and Faith without Proof.
1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 21 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) All is for want of such Admeasurement as the Act required.
1793 R. Bell Cases Court of Session 1790–2 73 The law requires the oath of the creditor as well as the voucher of the debt.
1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 13 June 251/2 The resolution lies one day for consideration, as the rules require.
1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 104 The Liverpool rules require chain riveting for all double and treble riveted joints and butts.
1903 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 454 The oath of membership required fidelity..to the Church as well as the State.
1925 H. C. Booth tr. F. Auerbach Mod. Magnetics (U.K. ed.) ix. 243 It was now tested whether actually, as theory requires, the total magnetomotive force for the same ampere turns is the same whatever the path.
1967 G. Vidal Washington, D.C. II. i. 58 He had been invited not because the President wanted him but because protocol required his presence.
2005 M. Fitzmaurice & O. Alias Contemp. Issues in Law of Treaties vii. 280 The compromise position it adopts still requires the assent of the third organization.
(b) transitive. With that-clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] > require or demand
askOE
willa1225
requirec1425
crave1576
desire1577
exact1592
solicit1592
wish1600
postulate1605
expect1615
to look after ——a1616
seek1656
demand1748
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 3146 (MED) Riȝt requereth, and also good resoun, Þat deth for deth is skilful guerdonynge.
a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 155 The ordre of compleynt requireth skylfully that yf a wight shal pleyn petously Ther mot be cause.
?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Avjv If thou wylte haue of mine Than right requyreth, that I haue parte of thine.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xv. xxiv. 440 The right order of exorcisme..requireth that exsufflation..be doone toward the west.
1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 187 The law of retalion required that false accusers should indure the same punishment.
1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 13 If the Gentiles, (whom no Law inspir'd,) By Nature did what was by Law requir'd [etc.].
a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. 152 If..the public police shall require that a highway be carried through the property of a private person.
1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxviii. 81 The spirit of their present constitution requires that the King should be feared.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 81 Public use required she should be known.
1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 15 137 The statute requires that there should be a real inquiry, a real weighing and sifting of evidence.
1923 H. G. Wells in Washington Post 19 Sept. 11/3 Napoleon III. did not grasp this admirable occasion for statecraft... All the rules of the great power game required that he should.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic x. 129 The levirate law in Judaism..requires that a childless widow marry the brother of her dead husband.
c. With anticipatory or non-referential subject: there is need for (a thing or person) in order to achieve some purpose.
(a) transitive. it requires. (Chiefly with infinitive or (occasionally) for and clause indicating the purpose.) Cf. it needs at need v.2 2c.
ΚΠ
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 82 (MED) It requireþ ablacioun i. takyng away [?c1425 Paris fordoynge] of þe cause & þe disposicioun augmentyng & gendring þat vlcere.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1965) II. 70 It requiris be necessite the operacioun of the man to produce and gener the man.
1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 83v Ȝit in aventur gife it so requyre That ȝe sall speik as ȝe most neidis..Obserue sex thingis.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. xi. 440 It requireth no further particular insistance vpon it, to shew [etc.].
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. ii. 12 It requires more time plainly to form in his Mind those general Idea's, they stand for.
1724 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 130 It requires a much better memory than mine to resume such long work.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 47 It requires a year for the peopling a muscle-bed.
1796 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVII. 343 It requires the utmost exertion of his industry..to..afford a maintenance, very sober indeed, to his family.
1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 46 Surely it does not require a palace to be happy with Mary.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 78 It required all the personal influence of the king to check..his irritated followers.
1895 Law Times 99 476/2 It requires the talents of a Boileau..to play the part of a flâneur with any success.
1936 J. Buchan Island of Sheep i. 16 It required all kinds to make a world.
1963 Connecticut Hist. Soc. Apr. 64 It requires a good deal of scholarly courage to undertake a study of..the celebrated Underground Railroad of a century ago.
1997 J.-C. Miller Body Art Bk. ix. 114 It requires a very steady and skilled hand to turn something the consistency of mud into a beautiful, ornate design.
(b) transitive. there requires. (Sometimes with infinitive indicating the purpose.) Cf. there needs at need v.2 2a.
ΚΠ
1533 T. Elyot Of Knowl. Wise Man iv. f. 67 There requireth also that he knowe the nature and cause of the wounds or soore and that he can well ordre his playsters and oyntementes.
1620 I. C. Two Merry Milke-maids i. ii. sig. B4v Prythe let's, there requires not much wit about it.
1685 P. Rycaut Continuation 322 in tr. Platina Lives Popes In that conjunction of affairs,..there required a Minister of more than ordinary conduct, and dexterity to manage the difficulty of Treaties then in action.
1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator I. i. 32 There requires a more strong Discernment than Youth will ordinarily admit of, to distinguish it from innocence.
1793 Rep. Comm. Ho. Comm. (1803) XIV. 233 Between Day's and Sutton Locks there requires a stop or pound lock at or near Clifton Ferry.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §24 79 To produce that orderly consciousness..there requires the assimilation of each impression to others.
1890 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 14 To obtain the greatest pleasure in this and other things, there requires both likeness and difference.
1914 Ann. Rep. Comm. Dict. Columbia I. 280 The present hospital laundry is situated in the female workhouse and there requires a separate boiler and engineer to give service.
2008 A. F. Altschul Lady Lazarus 548 There requires a storyteller.
d. transitive. To depend on for success or survival; to stand in need of; to need. Cf. need v.2 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)]
yearnOE
ask1340
fand1340
frayne1377
seek1390
allegea1393
to make requestc1400
require?c1425
sue1440
thigc1480
solicit1509
petition1611
petitionate1625
postulate1754
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command or give orders [verb (intransitive)] > demand
require?c1425
insist1623
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > a thing of a person > ask for a favour
boonc1175
require?c1425
thig?c1450
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 224 (MED) Arteries woundede..requiren oþer techinges in here crafte.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 53 In grauel wole thei growe But moist bothe erthe & ayer they ther require.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 662 (MED) Trewe metall requeryth noon allay.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 10 In many thyngys..nature requyryth the dylygence of man.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 61 The defence of fraud and falset necessarlie requeris a cloke of finȝeit eloquence.
1606 E. Melville Godlie Dreame sig. A2v Thirstie ground requyres a showre of raine.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 46 So doth one of these two alwayes require the others helpe.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 412 Great acts require great means of enterprise. View more context for this quotation
c1721 W. Gibson True Method dieting Horses v. 78 Young Horses require a greater Quantity of Food, as that is necessary for the Accretion and Growth of their Bodies.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 60 Light labour..Just gave what life required, but gave no more.
1793 tr. A. R. J. Turgot Refl. Formation & Distrib. Wealth §20. 20 This method requires great labour and assiduity on the part of the proprietor.
1827 D. Carmichael in Bot. Misc. (1831) 2 50 The African requires nothing but instruction to render his intellectual, as well as his mechanical talents, equal to those of the European.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 59 The body which is in health requires neither medical nor any other aid.
1903 W. W. Jacobs Odd Craft (1936) 184 He had been..told that his valuable services would no longer be required.
1952 Science 29 Feb. 223/2 The astronomical photometrist requires, above all else, a clear sky.
1991 ‘W. Trevor’ Two Lives (1992) xxix. 210 More than anything else, Elmer requires a drink.
8. transitive. With infinitive. Cf. need v.2 10.
a. Of a thing: to call for or be subject to a necessity to do something.
ΚΠ
c1495 Lydgate's Lytell Treat. Horse, Sheep, & Ghoos (de Worde) sig. avi A fatte ghoos whan hit is newe slayne In dysshes of golde a mussell greable Is serued vpon a kynges table Swymmynge a lyue in watres crystallyne Tenderly rosted requyreth to haue wyne.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xi. 80 Your dittie then being reduced into the forme of a Piller, his base will require to beare the breath of a meetre of six or seuen or eight sillables.
1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon iii. 9 I have hitherto spoken of those Rices that require to grow in Water.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 123 He will run thro' at the Speed he begins with, or nearly so, because every Horse..requires to have a Pull.
1853 R. Hogg Dahlia 35 It is a late bloomer, as it requires to make a considerable deal of wood before it flowers.
1927 F. Balfour-Browne Insects iii. 72 The larvæ, when they hatch, are true aquatics possessing many filamentous gills, and not requiring to come to the surface for air.
1989 Local Managem. Schools Annex E, p. ii Schools choosing the latter option will require to comply with tendering and accounting requirements.
b. Of a person: to wish or feel a need to do something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary [verb (intransitive)] > be under necessity to do something
tharfc890
needc1395
mister1445
require1559
note1789
1559 J. Knox Let. 10 Apr. in Hist. Reformation (1664) iii. 221 Let none be afraid, that I require to frequent the Court, or yet to remaine any long time in England.
1599 Petition to Viceroy in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations II. i. 181 We do require to obuent these harmes.
1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. iii. ii. f. 149 He went to..Madam Lisetta, where requiring to haue some conference alone..shee tooke him into a priuate Parlor.
1632 G. Wither Psalmes of David lix. iii. 109 For, God's my strength, God healpeth mee, Preventing grace bestowes; And, what my hart requires to see, Inflicts vpon my Foes.
1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 901 The Bricklayer sometimes will require to have running measure for Hyps and Valleys.
1763 W. Kenrick tr. J.-J. Rousseau Emilius & Sophia (ed. 2) IV. 231 If men were independent of each other, they would require to know no other country than one, in which they might subsist.
1805 tr. A. Lafontaine Hermann & Emilia I. 161 ‘Louisa,’ said he to her, ‘I require to behold you a wife.’
1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas II. 58 The wise man..requires to be engaged in deeper and more perplexing matters.
a1878 B. Taylor Stud. German Lit. (1879) 104 This is all of the great migratory movement which we require to know.
1904 H. James Golden Bowl I. ii. xiii. 240 ‘Should you require to see the Prince's?’ ‘Not a bit. You can keep that also to yourself.’
1975 C. Causley Coll. Poems 1951–75 246 And requires to speak Of nothing but his present predicament.
c. With passive infinitive. Of a thing: to need to be subjected to a particular action. Of an action: to need to be performed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary [verb (intransitive)] > need to be
require1589
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. vi. 127 Nor their loues, mariages, quarels, contracts and other behauiours, be like high nor do require to be set fourth with the like stile.
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iv. 9 The Martagons, both white and red, both blush and yellow, that require to be set by them-selues apart.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 125 They will require to be made broader, and fuller in the middle, then either at their entrance, or exit.
1719 I. Newton Let. 21 Apr. (1977) VII. 35 Fine copper..requires to be either battered or rolled thin by a Mill.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 571 The excise is the only part of the British system of taxation, which would require to be varied in any respect according as it was applied to the different provinces of the empire. View more context for this quotation
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man iv Either,..government has arrived at its dotage, and requires to be renovated, or all the occasions for exercising its wisdom have occurred.
1842 W. Whewell in J. M. Douglas Life & Corr. W. Whewell (1881) 259 It is a task which requires to be performed.
1857 F. D. Maurice Epist. St. John xvii. 277 In speaking of the state of mankind..two facts require to be explained.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues II. 205 The wicked are miserable because they require to be punished.
1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 128 In the case of obligations which require to be constituted by proof the plea of mora and taciturnity may be put forward.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 1298/1 This chronic infection which required to be differentiated from tuberculosis, syphilis and even psoriasis.
1982 K. N. Sanecki Discovering Herbs (ed. 3) 53 A plant can be left for five years before it will require to be replaced.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary [verb (intransitive)]
needa1398
worth1424
requirea1500
fault1502
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1962 And pwnice them quhar pwnysing Requeris.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxxvi. 334 Ye shall fynde the men of warr suche as to dedes of armes requyreth.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 237 The king..gart furnische them..witht all..necessaris quhilk requyrit to man or woman.
10.
a. transitive. To seek, search for; to desire. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > search for or seek [verb (transitive)]
seekc888
aseekc1000
i-secheOE
huntc1175
to seek afterc1175
beseechc1200
fand?c1225
ofseche?c1225
to seek forc1250
atseekc1275
furiec1290
forseeka1300
outseekc1300
upseekc1315
to look after ——c1330
wait1340
laita1350
searchc1350
pursuea1382
ensearchc1384
to feel and findc1384
inseekc1384
looka1398
fraist?a1400
umseeka1400
require?c1400
walec1400
to look up1468
prowla1475
to see for ——c1485
to look for ——a1492
to have in the wind1540
sue1548
vent?1575
seek1616
explore1618
dacker1634
research1650
to see out for1683
quest1752
to see after ——1776
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. x. l. 2607 Þerfore is suffisaunce requered [L. petitur]. For it is demed to ben good..þilke þing þat wiþ-holdeþ no good in it self..ne may nat wel in no manere be desired ne requered [L. expeti].
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 80v (MED) Causez forsoþ of flux & deriuacioun of humours be required, i. soȝt, in þe comon sermoun of apostemez.
c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 131 (MED) In all thise noght elles is required Bot o þing, whiche is verrey blisfulnesse.
?1541 R. Copland in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens To Rdr. sig. A.jv This lytell questyonary & formulary with the other bokes added therto haue ben often requyred and soughte for, to be had in englysshe.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 7 They theire lost feloes with long talck greedye requyred.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ecclus. xxxix. 13 The memorie of him shal not depart, and his name shal be required [L. requiretur] from generation to generation.
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. D4 Though the glory of the Lord oreflow The earth,..Yet waters he in waters doth requere.
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cclvi. 65 Those who have none sit round where once it was And with full eyes each wonted room require.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 945 But the brave Chiefs..wand'ring o'er the Camp, requir'd their Lord.
a1771 T. Gray Sonnet on Death R. West in Poems (1775) 60 A different object do these eyes require.
b. transitive. To attack. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 218 Thei stynte be-fore the brigge and hem renge, and these other come vpon hem that right straytly hem required.
c. transitive. To pursue, investigate, or research (a question). Also intransitive with into. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)]
underseekc897
speerc900
lookeOE
askOE
seeOE
teem witnessc1200
seeka1300
fand13..
inquirec1300
undergoc1315
visit1338
pursuea1382
searcha1382
examinec1384
assay1387
ensearchc1400
vesteyea1425
to have in waitc1440
perpend1447
to bring witnessc1475
vey1512
investigate?1520
recounta1530
to call into (also in) question1534
finger1546
rip1549
sight1556
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
require1563
descry?1567
sound1579
question1590
resolve1593
surview1601
undersearch1609
sift1611
disquire1621
indagate1623
inspect1623
pierce1640
shrive1647
in-looka1649
probe1649
incern1656
quaeritate1657
inquisite1674
reconnoitre1740
explore1774
to bring to book1786
look-see1867
scrutate1882
to shake down1915
sleuth1939
screen1942
1563 J. Man tr. W. Musculus Common Places Christian Relig. 16 It is needeful also for some places of Scripture, that this question bee required.
1653 J. French Art Distillation (ed. 2) v. 158 Furthermore how Nitre shall become sufficiently acid for the aforesaid operation is the great matter to be required [1651 enquired] into.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1502
v.?1312