| 释义 |
repugnv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French repugner; Latin repugnāre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman repungner, Anglo-Norman and Middle French repugner, French répugner to resist, oppose, be contrary (c1370, intransitive with à ; compare earlier repugnant repugnant adj.), to fight off, repel, resist (late 15th cent., transitive), to show resistance, struggle (16th cent.), to be contradictory (16th cent.), to show an aversion (to do something) (a1628) and its etymon classical Latin repugnāre to offer resistance (to), to fight back, to object (to), to contend, argue (against), to be contrary (to), to be inconsistent (with) < re- re- prefix + pugnāre to fight (see pugnacious adj.). Compare Old Occitan repugnar (c1350), Catalan repugnar (14th cent.), Spanish repugnar (14th cent.), Portuguese repugnar (14th cent.), Italian ripugnare (a1566). Compare impugn v., and later repugnate v.With the various developments of the French palatal nasal compare reign v., reign n. For a possible late Middle English variant repong see Anglia 78 (1960) 418. I. Senses relating to resistance and recalcitrance. 1. To fight, strive, or contend; to offer opposition or resistance; to rebel; to be recalcitrant; to object. Cf. reluct v. 2. the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (intransitive)] the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xv. 23 As synne of dyuynynge [printed denyynge] bi deuelis is to repugnen [a1425 L.V. fiȝte aȝens; L. repugnare], & as hidous trespas of mawmetrie to wiln not assenten. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. 136 Of þe cardinales at court þat..power presumen in hem-self a pope to make, To haue the power that peter hadde, repugnen [c1400 B text inpugnen] ich nelle. 1531 T. Elyot i. xiv. sig. Gviv Wherfore they can nat resorte unto passetyme;..for nature repugnyng, they vnneth taste any thing that may be profytable. 1567 sig. Eiiiv Yet will I prouoke spurne and pricke, Rebell, repugne lashe out and kicke. 1646 J. Owen Country Ess. in 73 If any shall dissent..I would intreat him to lay down some notes..and he shall not finde me repugning. 1704 J. Sergeant tr. St. Francis de Sales xxv. 105 When the reasons are hid from us; then, then it is, that our Will repugns, our Judgment flies off, and we resent the Opposition. 1837 T. Carlyle II. i. x. 71 On the motion of Lameth,..and other Patriot Nobles, let the others repugn as they will. 1872 R. L. Stevenson Oct. (1911) I. 58 How I should rebel at the office, repugn under the Ulster coat, and repudiate your monkish humours thus unjustly and suddenly thrust upon poor, infidel me! the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > strive against something a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) 1 Esdras Prol. l. 7 Oþerwhile conscience repugnynge [c1425 L.V. Queen's Oxf. repugnende] aȝen þemselue opynli þei to-tern þat þei reden priueli. ?a1450 (Tanner 201) (1979) 62 (MED) Pryde..repungneþ aȝeyne god in eche stede. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 209 Wymundus..a man of noble eloquence, repugnede ageyne his [sc. Berengarius'] erroures. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 65/2 For it is a synne to withstande and to repugne ayenst his lord. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. 1 John ii. f. xlviiv Therfore like as he resisteth the sonne, euen so doethe he repugne agaynste the father. 1596 ‘L. Piot’ tr. A. van den Busche 346 Who then will iudge you to be such a one, if you repugne against the will of the gods? 1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden i. 19 Against these Statuts, nine Bishops in the higher House..stiffly repugned. 1713 48 To repugn against his voice is as evil as the sin of soothsaying. 1858 T. Carlyle I. iii. iii. 210 A Bund, or general Covenant for complaining; to repugn..against a domineering Ritterdom. 1922 E. R. Eddison xxx. 382 Repugn not therefore against the will of the Gods, but take the helm in thine own hand. 1987 P. Dews ii. 53 Consciousness can grasp itself only through its reflection in and recognition by the other, yet..an inherent aspiration towards autonomy repugns against the dependency which this relation implies. the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist a1400 (Trin. Dublin 75) Deeds v. 39 Suffre ȝe hem, lest perauenture and ȝe be foundun for to repugne to God. a1425 (a1400) (1916) Rom. vii. 23 I see an oþer lagh in my membrys repungnyng [L. repugnantem] to þe lagh of my thouȝt. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. xiii. f. viii To that repugnyth Wyllyam de Malmesbury, sayeng that the foresayd hote bathes were made by the Industry..of Iulius Cesar. 1569 R. Grafton II. 404 I sweare..that I shall neuer repugne to thys resignation. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus i. 45 First they murder..the seuerest of the Centurions repugning to their seditious attempts. 1644 K. Digby i. vii. 50 Bodies which repugne to the dilatation of flame, may neuerthelesse haue much fire enclosed in them. society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)] 1529 in (1830) I. 339 His Grace repugned not therat, but herkened wel to it. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1537) xxxvii. f. 66 v If this riotous fleshe wyll obey reason, than it maye be, that your doughter may speake liberally with her cousins: but sith that passion repugneth so moche at reason, I councel you trust not to moche in her bretherne. 1606 E. Forset 74 The cause why magistracy is oft repugned at. 1790 J. T. Dillon 323 Human nature repugns at the recital of such acts! 1796 J. P. Andrews I. viii. i. 461 Whether from conviction, or from a delicacy which repugned at a new change of principle, he chose..to resign his see. 1847 N. Hawthorne 7 Oct. (1907) 176 Our mother and Louisa repugn at the idea of an Irish girl. 1920 J. M. Robertson viii. 371 They had never repugned at the doctrine that ‘one man should die for the people’ in its canonical Christian form. 2. To fight, oppose, resist, or contend against; to disobey; to repel, reject, disavow, refute. the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > contend with c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds v. 39 Suffre ȝe hem, lest perauenture and ȝe be foundun for to repugne [a1425 L.V. repugne aȝen; L. repugnare] God. a1425 J. Wyclif (1871) II. 68 (MED) Who þat falliþ upon þis stoon, repungning Crist or his lawe, shal be broken in his conscience. 1485 W. Caxton tr. sig. lvj/1 He aroos a lytel, & myghtyly repugned the geaunte in suche manere that he brought the geaunte vnder hym. 1543 ( (1812) 220 (MED) They armed met..With speare and swerd eyther other so repugned. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. 1 Tim. ii. f. vii Therefore Prynces are neyther vnhonestly to be flattered, nor sediciously repugned. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus xiv. ix. 19 A man gainesaying and repugning the flatterers that by whole troupes barked at him. 1635 F. Quarles iii. vi. 147 It is just that thy enemy should be my enemy, and that he who repugnes thee, should repugne me. 1842 Dec. 733/1 The Heine whose satire made kings repugn him, philosophers hate him, statesmen prosecute him, and the Romish Church excommunicate him. 1980 No. 38. 69 [In] 1933 when he stood against the Lang candidate for the seat of Bulli the Labor Daily, now controlled by other hands, repugned him as a scab and a disloyalist. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena (Harl.) (1966) 178 (MED) Myne outward wittis of þe body..repugnen þe ynward lawe of my soule. 1496 (c1410) (de Worde) iv. xx. 184/2 It is full peryllous to the suget to repugne the dome of his souerayn. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. P.viij The olde Camyll repugned the counsell of his frendes. c1540 (?a1400) 2670 Þe pepull made noise, Myche Rumur, & rud speche at his red..And repugnet þo pointtes with a proude wille. 1578 J. Banister i. f. 25 I meane not hereby to repugne altogether ye doctrine of so worthy a man. 1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose 329 Why the use thereof should be repugned, I see no reason. 1731 A. Bower 2 577 The very nature of his Subject..repugns any such Suspicion. 1780 Earl of Malmesbury I. 273 Enervated to a degree, she repugns everything which bears the features of activity or exertion. 1833 S. Austin I. 301 The sound mind of the German nation repugned these pernicious vagaries. 1878 H. C. Coote Pref. 6 A homogeneity of race in England which truth plainly repugns. 1911 J. M. Robertson (ed. 2) p. xiii Pfleiderer, latterly more and more bitterly repugning the interpretations of other scholars..represented the personality of Jesus as a profoundly obscure problem. 1976 R. D. Leakey 25 The Aire Valley trunk road enquiry was being repugned in the winter of 1975/76 at Shipley. 2001 P. M. Ranum 434 Jacques Bonnet, wondered why the French wanted to weave into their compositions the italianate melismas and chords that Lully had repugned in order to keep the poetry in the spotlight. the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > deny or contradict [verb (transitive)] c1456 R. Pecock (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 172 (MED) Such now seid article..is witnessid bi myracle..aȝens which no man kan notabili repugne that it is not myracle doon bi God. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria ii. ix. f. 84 Yet doo I not repugne that in sume caues of mountaynes, water is turned into ayer. II. Senses relating to contradiction or difference. †4. To be contradictory or inconsistent. the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > be unharmonious or incongruous [verb (intransitive)] > be inconsistent a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxi. 34 Ȝoure answeris ben shewid to repugne [a1425 Corpus Oxf. repugnynge] to the treuthe. (Titus) (1851) 131 (MED) Cristen men shulden..where they ben certeyne that it [sc. church doctrine] repugnith to holy scripture..refuse it vtturly, as the venym of the deuil. 1533 J. Frith sig. Divv I see that sainct Thomas which felt Chrystes woundes..called hym his Lorde and God, and that no texte in scripture repugneth vnto ye same. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye I. 579 A corrupt common-wealth is that which repugneth and is directly contrary to that which is good and iust. a1600 J. Melvill (1842) 112 That maner of proceiding hes na ground in the word of God, bot repugnes flatlie to the saming. 1673 H. Stubbe App. 73 By sundry circumventions, and such proceedings as repugned to the Union of the Provinces. 1709 I. i. 79 Francis..shall enjoy his Patrimonial Estates, and his other Rights, where-ever they may be situate, (as far as they do not repugn to the present Resignation) and his Privileges, Revenues and Incomes. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. iii. l. 4440 It semeþ..to repugnen and to contrarien gretly þat god knoweþ byforn alle þinges and þat þer is any fredom of liberte. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 408 (MED) If this be considerid, tho chapitres schulen be seen forto not repugne bitwixe hem silf. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 259 (MED) Hit repugnethe not [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. is nouȝt aȝenst þis; L. Nec obstat] that the chirche holdethe, [etc.]. 1533 T. More iv. xiii. f. ccxxxiiii Be thou content to knowe that godes wyll, his word, and his power, be all one, and repugne not. 1576 E. Grindal (Parker Soc.) 384 Sixthly, places in the scriptures, seeming to repugn, are reconciled. 1654 Z. Coke 68 Inseparable which is not easily separated from the subject, though to be separated nothing repugneth. 1800 J. P. Mulcaile tr. F.-X. de Feller I. i. 41 We challenge all the Philosophers to prove that the idea of creation repugns and contains a contradiction. 1527 W. Roye tr. W. Capito sig. c8v For suerly so to afferme playnly repungneth agaynst these articles of oure belefe and wholy scripture. 1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus sig. D.iiijv Yow do not only debar from prystehode them that wylle marie, & there vnto be disposed, but them also whiche allredy have wifes and be maried. Whiche thynge notwithstandyng doth clerely repugne agaynest Christe and his Apostles. 1541 T. Elyot xxx. f. 67v The detestable practice of vsury, whiche vtterly repugneth agaynste all humanitie. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin (lxxiv. 5) I (although the accent repugn against it) doubte not, but that the sence which I have set down is the native sence. 1604 M. Sutcliffe ii. iv. 142 These are matters direct contrary to the doctrine of the Apostles and fathers: they also repugne against reason, and imply notorious contradictions. 1644 K. Digby i. xviii. 159 Sense is not easily quieted with such Metaphysicall contemplations, that seeme to repugne against her dictamens. the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > be unharmonious or incongruous with [verb (transitive)] > conflict with 1529 tr. M. Luther in tr. Erasmus sig. G.iij By this meanes, this saiyng vncircuncision is no thinge shulde repugne with that he sayeth. 1563 sig. zzz.iii It is contrary to gods word, it repugneth with his promyse. 1610 II. Ezek. xviii. Annot. It is also expresly affirmed, that God would haue al sinners to repent,..which semeth to repugne with the former doctrin. 1662 H. Stubbe Pref. sig. A3v What seemed..conformable to God's word, and the primitive practise: both which..did not repugn with my designed Speculations. the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > be different [verb (intransitive)] a1538 W. Holme (1572) sig. F.iiij They repugne not from Gods constitution. 1582 R. Parsons 54 All the editions.., muche differing & repugning one from an other. 1602 W. Watson 285 It doth repugne from the very nature of all religious profession. the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > be contrary to [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > specifically of things c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius (Linc. Cathedral 103) 291 (MED) Full hugely..repugneth [v.r. repungneth] þis, Þat god may knowen all þing or it be, And þat oure will may stonde in liberte. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in iii. f. cccliiv Fre choyce fully repugneth goddes forwetyng. 1545 G. Joye (vi.) f. 80v So that their constitucions and actis repugne not the gospell of cryste. 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1398/1 To doo two things which seeme to repugne ech other. 1654 R. Vilvain ii. 77 Absolut Reprobation repugns right reason, and begets absurdities. 1655 G. Wharton 1 Some being utterly lost in Conceipts that repugne Philosophy. 1729 J. Entick 124 When an obvious Sense resulting immediately from the context of speech, contains any thing absurd or repugning the divine Word, 'tis to be rejected and we ought to proceed to search out the true hidden sense. 6. the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > affect with loathing or disgust [verb (transitive)] ?a1760 J. W. O'Sullivan in A. N. Tayler & H. Tayler (1938) i. 185 It was a cruel thing to see him drink brochan at his turn in the only wooden vassel we had, after every body. Yt was the only thing yt repugned him, for he is not dellicate in any thing else. 1831 R. D. Owen Let. 2 July in O. Bacheler & R. D. Owen (1832) II. 38 It repugns me to enter into the disgusting details. 1868 J. H. Stirling in 49 358 Browning has a flavour of his own, of which, in the first taste, the newness repugns. 1869 23 Jan. 114/2 An alkaline food has for the adult..a disgusting taste; and hence it may, perhaps, come that the flesh of freshly-slaughtered animals repugns us after a time. 1890 J. H. Stirling ii. 28 To attempt to philosophize the Christian Godhead would only repugn. 1890 Nov. 875/1 She seemed to be afraid of saying nothing: no term repugned her. 1902 H. Maudsley viii. 236 He thinks them bad or foolish or inferior..and it repugns him to conform to them. a1961 E. Hemingway (2005) 178 Don't use rough words... My husband is a delicate and sensitive man and they repugn him. 1990 K. M. Cooper in J. Humphries 96 The painted mammet..is now transformed into a false deity who alienates and repugns her with his possessive schemes. the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > become loathsome [verb (intransitive)] 1831 T. Hope II. 15 Where..we have only the option to believe what repugns to our intellect, or what seems..to glide most easily into the same. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  v.a1382 |
