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单词 repair
释义

repairn.1

Brit. /rᵻˈpɛː/, U.S. /rəˈpɛ(ə)r/, /riˈpɛ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English rapayre, Middle English repare, Middle English repeir, Middle English repeire, Middle English repeyr, Middle English repeyre, Middle English–1600s repayer, Middle English–1600s repayr, Middle English–1600s repayre, Middle English–1600s 1900s– repaire, Middle English– repair, 1600s repaier; also Scottish pre-1700 rapar, pre-1700 rapayr, pre-1700 rapear, pre-1700 reapare, pre-1700 repar, pre-1700 repare, pre-1700 repayr.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French repair.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman repeir, repeire, Anglo-Norman and Middle French repaire, repair, repere (French repaire ) return, return home, place one returns to, residence, home, abode (c1100 in Old French), meeting (12th cent.), place (13th cent.), visit, visiting, frequenting (13th cent.), place of refuge, refuge (14th cent.) < repairer , repairier , etc. repair v.1 Compare post-classical Latin repairium, reparium, reperium harbour, haunt, resort (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources), Old Occitan repaire.
1.
a. The gathering or assembling of people at a place (frequently in great repair). Also in early use: movement of goods. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards each other or convergence > of numbers of people
concoursec1384
repairc1390
confluence?a1475
resort1485
recourse1516
concursion1533
affluence1579
afflux1603
conflux1614
concurrence1632
flocking1669
run1792
c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 177 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 64 (MED) Þer ful to him gret repeyre Of clerkes, to lerne boþe wel and feire.
1429–30 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1429 §60. m. 2 Touchyng þe repaire of wolle..to þe said staple.
1449 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1449 §19. m. 6 The..hole repaire of almanere marchandise to the same staple.
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 3750 (MED) Gret was the pres, concours, and repaire Of the ladyes forto han a sight.
?1453–4 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) 395/1 (MED) Moost and universal repaire and resort of your poeple in and of the Shire of York..is..to and within the Citee of York.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) lxxvii Within a chamber..I fand of peple grete repaire.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. ix. 39 There was moch a doo, & greate repayre: for the brydegrome came forth.
1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 15 He that..holdes a house of generall repaire, and receiueth the vnthrifty and banished.
c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 875 With earnest repare the paths do seeme to sweate.
c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 160 That confusioun in the uttir hous..dois proceid frome the greit repair of the liegis.
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) We still say of a street which is retired from the bustle of a town, that there is not much repair in it.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 154 The footpath leading there was well beaten by the repair of those who frequented it for pastime.
b. A company of people; a retinue. Obsolete (Scottish and rare in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue
hirdc888
douthOE
gingc1175
folkc1275
hirdfolcc1275
tail1297
meiniec1300
meiniec1300
routc1325
suitc1325
peoplec1330
leading1382
retinuea1387
repairc1390
retenancea1393
farneta1400
to-draughta1400
sembly14..
sequelc1420
manya1425
followingc1429
affinity?1435
family1438
train1489
estatec1500
port1545
retain1548
equipage1579
suite1579
attendancy1586
attendance1607
tendancea1616
sequacesa1660
cortège1679
c1390 (?c1350) Barlaam & Josaphat (Vernon) l. 106 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 216 (MED) Þe kyng..putte þe child to dwelle þer in, And wiþ him ȝong folk ful feir Wiþ him to beo at his repeir.
1441 in J. Raine Corr., Inventories, Acct. Rolls, & Law Proc. Priory of Coldingham (1841) 118 (MED) The priour of Doresme is informed att the said Davy wyth his repayr suld overlay the house of Coldynham, till grett hyndryng therof.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 416 He suld him kepe fra merket, toune, or fair, Quhar he mycht best be out of thar repair.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 119 (MED) The duke was slayne, with all his moste repayre.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxij My lorde Cardinall, came to the toune of Douer in hast with a noble repaire.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 858/1 The lord cardinall, as ambassadour to the king, rode with a noble repaire of lords, gentlemen, and prelates, to the towne of Ard.
1896 S. R. Crockett Grey Man xiv. 101 He could not abide any repair of people coming and going with him on his journeyings.
c. Chiefly Scottish. Association with others. Frequently with with. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) 190 (MED) Yiff thou thus doo by vertuous Repeyr, God shal encrese..thy Royal excellence.
a1500 Consail Vys Man 255 Gud mothir child gud... Sa scho be kepyt fra ill custume, Fra ill rapar and ill cumpany.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 122 Ane lady fresche and fair, With gentillmen makand repair.
c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Biij The peple thairof hes na repair with marchandis of vncouth realmes.
a1653 H. Binning Serm. (1845) 186 To cleanse even vain thoughts, and shut up, from that ordinary repair, his own heart.
2.
a. The action of going or travelling to a place or person. Chiefly in to make repair (to): to make one's way, go. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [noun] > resorting or repairing to a place
repair?a1400
resortc1425
resorting?a1439
repairing1632
gang1645
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 7964 Þer wonyng is in þe eyre, [but] vmwhile to þe erth þei mak repeire.
1538 D. Lindsay Complaynte & Test. Popiniay sig. f. iii Make no repayre, where poetes bene present... Be neuer sene besyde none other boke With kyng nor quene, with lorde nor man of gude.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 118 Diuers kings and princes, who made repaire to Rome with sutes and supplications.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 265 Then to my father's house I make repair, with some small glimpse of hope to find her there.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. lxix. 42 Then thy spruce citizen, wash'd artizan, And smug apprentice..To Hampstead, Brentford, Harrow make repair.
a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 158 A lover..to his lady must make meek repair.
1907 E. S. Dudley Mil. Law & Procedure of Courts-martial xxxi. 361 The sickness which will prevent repair to the place of rendezvous accrues prior to the necessity for repair thereto.
b. A journey, a visit; spec. a return journey. Usually with to. Frequently in to make one's repair (to): to make one's way, go. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun]
forec900
wayOE
farec1000
sitheOE
gangOE
journey?c1225
gatea1300
pilgrimagec1300
voyage1338
wending1340
raik?c1350
turna1400
repairc1425
went1430
reisea1450
progressionc1450
progressa1460
race1513
peregrination1548
travel1559
passance1580
dogtrot1856
trek1895
ulendo1921
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 8350 (MED) Prothesilaus..to abreth hym, makyd his repeir To þe stronde.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2562 (MED) In ȝour repeire to ȝour fadres reigne..ȝe schal me with ȝow lede.
a1456 (?1417) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 658 (MED) God..sende him helthe and prosparytee, Hasty repayre hoome to his cuntree.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 557 Northwarde tuk thai hame thar way, And destroyit, in thair repair, The vale haly of Beauvare.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiiii. f. xxxiii When the Lordes of Brytayne sawe..theyr dayly repayre into this lande they assembled them togyder.
1531 T. Cromwell Let. May in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 335 At my next repayre thither it pleased his highnes to call for me.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 8 Nothing might lightly happen..by reason whereof he should be compelled to make his repayre thether againe.
1593 R. Bancroft Daungerous Positions i. vi. 23 A repaire of the Kinges faithfull subiectes to his highnesse presence.
1633 J. Ford Broken Heart ii. ii. sig. D2 Wee'll write to Athens For his repaire to Sparta.
1666 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 10 His goods [are] like to be spoyled or lost, without his speedy repaire thither.
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xv. 128 They very zealously made their repair to the Holy Chappel.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia p. ii Our repair aboard Ship, and coming to Fort St. George.
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. viii. 411 [The] Message was to be sent by a Trumpet to the Earl of Essex, after his repair to London.
1714 J. Ayliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. II. iii. v. 266 Upon the Repair hither of Mr. D. Humphrey..and certain other Officers of the said University.
1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata xii. 255 When summon'd, to make their repair to their great and solemn Conventions and Assemblies.
1840 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. VII. 237 On his repair to Bolton, this able and attached servant expressed his sorrow that [etc.].
3. Scottish. Temporary residence, esp. in a place or among others. Frequently in to make (also have) repair. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > place of resort > [noun]
to-draughta1400
repair1423
repairing1487
resorting place1525
common house1537
resort1565
place (also house) of repairc1595
purlieu1611
howff1711
crib1819
joint1821
hang-out1852
costa1964
1423 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 31/1 We oblys us lely..that our repair in the forsaid castel..sal mak the said Michel na prejudice to the keping of the forsaid castel.
c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 292 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 230 In þe ayre, quhare þe feyndis has mast repare.
c1480 (a1400) St. Eugenia 104 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 127 A lytil tone..quhar cristine men had repare.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 440 Qwhen..þai of Brettane ostagis hade, He gret repayr amange þaim made.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. l. 1484 In ane ile þai gert þaim ga, Amange þaim na rapayr to ma.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 238 Thir ladeis fair that maks repair And in the courte ar kend.
1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 594 Ȝit in this Realme I wald mak sum repair.
1670 in Rothesay Town Council Rec. (1935) I. 189 The advantage the brughe may reip be the trade and repair of Cornet Johne Davidsone..in the Iylls.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xxii. 19 On sloping mounds, or in the vale beneath, Are domes where whilome kings did make repair.
1895 ‘H. Haliburton’ Dunbar: Poems adapted for Mod. Readers 100 For, on no wise, will I repair have here.
4. A place to which a person (or animal) goes or travels, esp. habitually or frequently; a dwelling place, an abode; a usual meeting place, a haunt. Cf. Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > [noun]
conversationc1340
dolea1400
repairc1425
fellowshipc1450
frequentation?1520
communion1529
society1531
commerce1537
commercement1537
society1538
trade1555
intercourse1557
company1576
intercommunication1586
interdeal1591
entertain1602
consort1607
entregent1607
quarter1608
commercing1610
converse1610
trucka1625
congress1628
socialty1638
frequency1642
socialitya1649
socialness1727
intercommuniona1761
social life1812
dialogue1890
discourse1963
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 310 (MED) His breth..Infecten wolde environ al þe eyre In iche place wher was his repeire.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. viii This labourer passyd before the repayre or dwellynge place of the sayd Serpent.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 310 The erische kyngis than euirilkane Hayme till thar awne repar ar gane.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 669 (MED) The catte hadde ther his repeire and was ther slain.
1527 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 117 And couthe get na knawlege of thare habitude, [ha]nting nor repare within the bondis of my office.
1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes xxxii, in Wks. I. 777 What not the enuie of the seas reach'd too,..At home in his repaire Was his blest fate, but our hard lot to find.
1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 175 For the court and the Sessioun, The great repair of this regioun Is in Ȝour burgh [etc.].
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccxx. 56 There the fierce winds his open force assail, And beat him down-ward to his first repair.
1729 J. Ralph Clarinda iii. 35 in Misc. Poems [Winter drove] From the drear Forest, and unsightly Plain, To smoaking Towns, the Gay, the Great Repair.
1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus x. 270 Dangers which abound on the stormy seas and in wildernesses, the repairs of ferocious beasts.
1864 Reader 2 July 20 When they were the repairs of wild beasts and the sheltering-places of men.
1895 Harper's Mag. Feb. 472/2 Converting the hole of the asp into a repair for children.
1911 H. James Let. 20 Dec. in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) iv. 202 My repaire in Chelsea & my love of syntax alone console me.
1971 Gourmet Feb. 13/1 The Louis XIV, one of the finest and best-established bistros in Paris, was a repair for taxi drivers, which some people consider a good sign.
2001 M. Broers Politics Relig. Napoleonic Italy iv. 58 In the seventeenth century the shrine of the Madonna had been a repair for smugglers and other outlaws.
5.
a. Originally Scottish. Frequent or habitual visiting of or travel to a place; resort. Frequently in to make (also have) repair (to). Now only in place (also house) of repair at Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > [noun]
sokenc1000
hauntc1330
hauntingc1400
resortc1425
resorting?a1439
recoursea1456
repairc1480
frequentinga1555
frequentation1585
frequentance1593
frequent1631
frequency1642
frequentage1814
c1480 (a1400) St. Anastasia 176 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 412 Þe prefet yddire had repare.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 178 He saw, or persauit him mak grete repaire till his hous.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1657 Qwhar common accesse of repayr Men mycht haf to þat figoure fayr.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 150 She exhorted repaire to the Churche.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 38 Flatterers..alwaies make their repaire thether where profite is to be reaped.
1638 T. Heywood Wise Woman iii. i, in Wks. (1874) V. 314 By his oft repaire..your good name May be by Neighbours hardly censur'd of.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 184 Peter Heylin..was furnished with Books..by his repair to Bodlies Library.
1775 H. Season Speculum Anni Oct. Nineveh; whither all Malefactors make repair.
b. Freedom to frequent a place. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [noun] > resorting or repairing to a place > liberty of resort
repair1598
1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest xv. ⁋2. 87 In their corne, meadowes, and pastures, the Deere must haue their repaire and quiet feede.

Phrases

P1. Chiefly Scottish. In prepositional phrases (in sense 1a).
a. out of (also without, but) repair: alone. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 In till ane glen thow hes, owt of repair, Ane laithly luge.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 11 Endlang ane Park, I past without repair Be Snawdoun syde.
a1585 Ld. Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 196 Where howlring howlets aye doth hant, With robin red-brest, but repaire.
a1600 Stewart 49237 And he him self flemit out of repair.
b. among repair: in company. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 274 (MED) This earle was then famed amonge repayre The noblest prynce..alyue.
P2. place (also house) of repair: a place visited habitually or frequently; esp. a sanctuary, refuge. Cf. sense 4. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > place of resort > [noun]
to-draughta1400
repair1423
repairing1487
resorting place1525
common house1537
resort1565
place (also house) of repairc1595
purlieu1611
howff1711
crib1819
joint1821
hang-out1852
costa1964
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xci. 6 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 137 Iehoua is my fort My place of safe repaire.
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 373 The ArchBishops of Yorke being dispossessed and hauing no house of repayre.
1611 Bible (King James) Joel iii. 17 The Lord will be the hope [margin place of repaire or harbour] of his people. View more context for this quotation
1720 R. Erskine Gospel-canticles ii. 68 That Place of Sweet Repair, Where thy long absent Lord did find Thy husband.
1821 T. Chalmers Christian & Civic Econ. I. ii. 59 Every arrangement..should be promoted, which brings out the indwellers of one vicinity to one common place of repair, and brings upon them one common ministration.
1834 Fraser's Mag. Aug. 171 There are no naughty houses of repair, Where one may find or take the willing fair.
1910 H. Black Comfort 114 Many a man has cause to bless the stroke that snatched him from the fret and fever of the world and drove him to a place of repair.
2002 R. P. Dawson Contested Quill vi. 306 The educated, middle-class man's work could take place in an increasingly hostile and competitive environment, partly because he had a place of repair to which he could daily return.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

repairn.2

Brit. /rᵻˈpɛː/, U.S. /rəˈpɛ(ə)r/, /riˈpɛ(ə)r/
Forms: late Middle English–1600s repaire, 1500s–1600s repayre, 1500s–1700s repayr, 1500s– repair, 1600s repare, 1600s reparre, 1600s repayer; Scottish pre-1700 raparris (plural), pre-1700 repaire, pre-1700 repare, pre-1700 repayr, pre-1700 repayre, pre-1700 1700s– repair.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: repair v.2
Etymology: < repair v.2 Compare earlier reparation n. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry. Compare also repairing n.1, repairment n.
1. Scottish (Ayrshire). Provision of sustenance and other necessities under the terms of a marriage contract. Also in plural. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1425 in W. Fraser Memorials Montgomeries (1859) II. 9 He sal hald the said Anny his dochtir, and a damysale with hir, and Schir Robertis resonabyl repayr, for twa ȝer in met and drynk, and buch of court, with sex horssis fyndyng at the liking of the said Schir Robert.
1438 in W. Fraser Lennox (1874) II. 69 The forsayd Alexander sall find his dochter for fyff yher with the repayr off hyr husband and hys famil that is to say sex hors.
1516 Protocol Bk. G. Ros f. 27, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Repare [The said Agnes shall sustain Cristian] in met and clath and otheris thingis..the honest repairs of the said Laurence as wse of fynding is.
2.
a. The action of repairing a damaged, worn, or faulty object or structure by replacing or fixing parts. Also: the fact or process of keeping something in good condition in this way; maintenance, upkeep.puncture, ship, tire repair: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [noun] > act of
amendment1389
amendingc1396
repair?c1450
recruit1691
rehaul1895
?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 365 (MED) Þo þingis þat wer offrid to god in þe temple..weren kept fro þe use of þat kynrede to þe comon profete of alle þe peple, as to þe repaire of þe temple, and to rawnson þe kynge and þe rewme at nede.
1527 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1872) (modernized text) IV. ii. 1605 4 3/4 yds. crimson tinsel satin for the repair of ladies' garments.
1569 J. Hawkins True Declar. Troublesome Voy. sig. B.vv We hoped to haue founde..place for ye repaire of our shippes, which was..sore beten with shoot from oure ennemies.
1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia iii. 16 in J. Smith Map of Virginia His ship..was forced so farre to sea, as the West Indies was the next land for the repaire of his Masts.
1661 A. Marvell & A. Gilby Let. 18 May in Poems & Lett. A. Marvell (1971) II. 25 A bill for inabling Church-wardens to rate such monys as are necessary for the repaire of the Churches &c.
a1676 M. Hale Narr. Customes iii, in S. A. Moore Hist. Foreshore (1888) 336 As to the care of repayre of ports, this is in a special manner left to the Kinges care and power.
1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Passage, Passagium, was a Tribute or Toll paid by Passengers or Travellers for the Repair or Maintenance of some Road or Passage.
1773 J. Sharp Addr. Lord-Mayor London 7 in R. Whitworth Rep. & Surv. Canal Waltham-Abbey to Moorfields The Traffick shall..have accumulated a Fund for perpetual repair.
1803 J. Davis Trav. U.S.A. i. 34 It supplies also an old house on a hill, which, unworthy of repair, is mouldering to dust.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 324 The work of repair was pressed so assiduously, that in three days the stern-post was in its place.
1896 Daily News 26 Sept. 5/3 The line itself had been completely swept away, and great sections crumpled and corkscrewed beyond hope of repair.
1919 Acts 143rd Legislature State of New Jersey x. 27 The said commissioner is authorized..to certify what amount of State moneys he will set aside for the repair of such roads.
1946 V. N. Wood Metall. Materials xi. 307 Thermit welding. This is a process sometimes used for the repair of large iron and steel castings or mild steel forgings.
1988 I. Colegate Deceits of Time (1990) 31 The house itself gave an immediate impression of not belonging to the National Trust; the paintwork on the window frames was in need of repair.
2005 Sowetan (Johannesburg) 11 Feb. 32/3 (advt.) Tenders documents, for the repair of various electrical equipment in various relay rooms.
b. An act of restoring an object or structure to good condition by replacing or fixing parts, or of replacing or fixing parts in order to maintain it in good condition. Also in extended use.Plural usage more commonly concerns maintenance work and upkeep, while singular usage more often relates to individual works of restoration.
(a) In plural.running repairs: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > reparation
boota1000
reparation?a1425
reformation1449
repair1524
rebuild1826
work1828
renovation1907
do-over1920
remodel1956
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > preserving in proper condition
keepingc1330
upholdinga1350
maintaininga1387
maintenance1389
reparation1389
uphold1471
maintain1483
repair1524
keep1763
upkeep1884
upkeeping1899
preventive maintenance1937
1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Cv The sayd bulwarke was goten and recouered agayne, and with all dylygence were made new repayres & strengthes to the sayd place.
1566 in J. Robertson Inuentaires Royne Descosse cxii (note) The caryage of the lutis and raparris [v.r. raparyng] of thame.
1630 W. Basse Helpe to Memory & Disc. 20 Heretofore a wry necke, or the stone, went to the graue with him that had it: now Art hath found out common repaires for either.
1679–88 in J. Y. Akerman Moneys Secret Services Charles II & James II (1851) 125 To Sr Eliab Harvey, Lieut. of Waltham forest,..for the repayres of Low-Layton Lodge, wherein he lives.
1680 W. Temple Ess. Cure of Gout in Miscellanea 235 Proportioning..the daily repairs to the daily decays of our wasting bodies.
1722 J. Stevens Hist. Antient Abbeys I. 374/2 It was hard to judge whether his Repairs were not equal to the new Buildings.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. ii. 344 The expence of maintaining the fixed capital in a great country, may very properly be compared to that of repairs in a private estate. View more context for this quotation
1822 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Wasps in tr. Aristophanes Comedies II. 242 All the never-ending cares Of pitching, tarring, and repairs.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. i. 24 The completion of some repairs that were going on in the monastery.
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 566/1 Climber, a boot provided with spurs, by which a person is enabled to climb telegraph-poles to make repairs or additions to the wires or insulators.
1933 Discovery Dec. 365/1 This flight was made up of a series of hops with stoppages for refuelling and repairs.
1958 G. Greene Our Man in Havana ii. ii. 76 The man at the garage said that the repairs would take several days.
1989 Which? Jan. 7/3 The builders..were fortunately able to come and give an estimate for the repairs.
2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) viii. 172 An American contractor was conducting emergency repairs at a few power stations.
(b) In singular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [noun] > renovation or renewal
renewinga1398
renovation?a1475
renovelty1477
renewc1500
renewance1569
renewment1570
renewal1603
repair1637
apocatastasis1678
rehabilitation1830
redevelopment1882
face-lifting1937
rehabbing1968
evergreening1972
1637 J. Shirley Hide Parke v. sig. H4 Some monument that stoopes With age, whose ruines pleade for a repaire.
1759 R. Lowth Life William of Wykeham (ed. 2) vi. 215 Whether it were..that the Bishop was not satisfied with providing for a repair only..we find, that soon after he relieved the Prior and Convent from the whole charge, and..took it intirely upon himself.
1787 S. Pegge Sylloge of Authentic Inscriptions relative to English Churches in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 41. 76 Upon a repair of the church, 1774, it was new painted and gilded and somewhat disfigured.
1826 W. James Naval Hist. Great Brit. IV. 263 A repair that would have cost nearly as much money, and have occupied nearly as much time, as a rebuild.
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene II. ii. 178 When the Calliope went into dock, the report of the dock-yard was very unfavourable. She required a thorough repair, which would take some months.
1884 Rambles around Oxford (Shrimptons, ed. 2) 86 There appears to have been a large repair of the church in 1668.
1923 J. Galsworthy Captures 217 Hubert Marsland..had occasion to stay the progress of his two-seater about ten miles from London for a minor repair.
1989 Sunday Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) (Nexis) 17 Dec. d1 The closest thing to the Valdez job the shipyard has seen was the repair in 1984 of the tanker Mobiloil, which had run aground in the Columbia River.
2007 Trail Feb. 54/2 Snapped a guy off your tent? For an emergency repair, pop a small pebble behind the tent material and wrap it with a slip knot on the guy line.
c. The result of a repair; a part of an object or structure that has been repaired.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [noun] > a mend or repair
repair1717
mending1802
mend1888
1717 W. Nelson Manwood's Treat. Forest Laws (ed. 4) 48 Mr. Halstead offered..to repair it sufficiently by a certain Day, which the Court accepted, and ordered the Verderors to view the Repairs.
1810 W. P. Taunton Rep. Court Common Pleas 1 491 The defendant, who resided in Monmouthshire,..had not seen the repairs.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 5/2 Whatever be done to the picture, the repair will be clearly noticeable in a few years.
1937 Geogr. Jrnl. 90 296 [The sledge runner] was successfully spliced however and the repair lasted for the rest of the journey.
1975 M. Banister Bookbinding as Handcraft iii. 24/2 Choose a thin, bond paper for making repairs... Such a repair is called a ‘guard strip’.
2007 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 9 Dec. (Hunter section) 5 (caption) The Wallaces..check out the repairs after their home was destroyed in June.
3. gen. Restoration of a system or other unity to good or proper condition; an instance of this. Also: something repaired in this way.In quot. a1500: refreshment of a person.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [noun] > restoration to sound, proper, or normal state
reparation1389
restaurationa1393
redressing1426
repaira1500
instaurationa1603
recovery1669
working over1695
repristination1753
restoration1765
reconditioning1800
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 2677 Til..haf þar recreacion In met and drynk to [a1525 Adv., a1530 Royal and] þar repayre.
?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst f. cxlvii He wrote an other treatyse..which he entytled..of ye repaire or restauracion of ye falle.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 113 Before the curing of a strong disease, Euen in the instant of repaire and health, The fit is strongest. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. i. 56 Our Lawes, whose vse the Sword of Cæsar Hath too much mangled; whose repayre, and franchise, Shall..be our good deed. View more context for this quotation
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 323 So must I leave them untill some happy hand shall worke their repaire.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 457 I.., Dazl'd and spent, sunk down, and sought repair Of sleep. View more context for this quotation
1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 16 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) III. 1101 My health,..for want of proper attention of late, wanted some repairs.
1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 40 The souls that were saved [from the flood] had a new and astonishing view of the ruin and repair of the system.
1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 42 The shell... Being extravascular it has no inherent power of repair.
1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 11 The repair of a wound is less active,..than when other simple or antiseptic dressings are employed.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors (ed. 2) II. v. 121 Their lords (an Earl, a Baron) are of the lords who go down to the City to sow a title for a repair of their poor incomes.
1898 Clinique 19 398 It is pleasant to note that the periodical repair of their friendship was not neglected.
1965 Science 11 June 1437/2 The professional manager who looks to the problems of others is often himself in need of repair.
1992 Time 28 Sept. 41/1 The European monetary system will need extensive repairs if it is to serve as the cornerstone of some future monetary union.
2001 I. Sinclair Landor's Tower (2002) i. ii. 17 East End lags..reckon twelve years inside will do it, break you beyond the point of repair.
4. Condition, state. Chiefly in in good (bad, excellent, etc.) repair.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > physical or external condition > good or bad physical condition
repair1563
state of repair1760
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Aaa.ii If ye haue anye conscience, in kepinge of necessarye, and godly ordynaunces: kepe your Churches in good repayre.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets iii. sig. Bv That face..Whose fresh repaire if now thou not renewest, Thou doo'st beguile the world. View more context for this quotation
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 114 The castle is yet in good strength and repayre.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 95 One [gate] that was built four hundred years ago, is still in good repair.
1727 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 28) ii. iii. List Offices & Officers 12 Where the Schools for Teaching are, is made up of Low Buildings, and in very bad Repair, being very Old.
a1763 J. Byrom Misc. Poems (1773) I. 63 They brought the Creature into sleek Repair, And drove it gently to a neighb'ring Fair.
1785 Daily Universal Reg. 2 Dec. 4/3 (advt.) The Lease of a very convenient roomy Brick Dwelling House..in excellent repair, with very extensive Vaults and Cellarage.
1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 427 Forty bullock-cars..in such ill repair..that only eleven of them reached Deleitosa.
1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation Introd. 4 To put the roads and bridges into that state of repair which the depressed situation of commerce..seemed to require.
1886 W. W. Story Fiammetta 48 The house..was now in very bad repair.
1902 B. T. Washington Up from Slavery vi. 110 This building..was in such poor repair that, whenever it rained, one of the older students would..hold an umbrella over me.
1971 P. Gresswell Environment 150 An owner can also be threatened with compulsory purchase if he fails to keep a listed building in reasonable repair.
2001 S. Roaf et al. Ecohouse (2002) v. 115 The longer it can be kept in good repair the better the life-cycle value of the window will have been.
5.
a. The action of making amends for a wrong or harm done; an instance of this. Cf. reparation n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > remedy
helpc1000
healinga1225
remedy?c1225
bote of beam1330
recurec1330
recoverera1375
remeida1413
redemption?a1439
botmenta1450
recurementc1450
presidy?a1475
mendsa1525
repair1612
relief1616
booty beam1642
beyond retrieve1658
beyond retrieval1697
the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > putting right a wrong or loss
rightingOE
amendsa1393
restitution1395
reformation1405
reparation1405
redress1448
restaurationa1513
reparating1517
dress1549
refoundiment1555
reparelment1584
resarciation?1609
repair1612
redressment1643
retrievinga1680
redressing1712
1612 For Colony Virginea Britannia 13 He who gaue the first offence shall offer first repaire vnto the offended.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 103 Cerdon the Great, renown'd in Song, Like Herc'les, for repair of wrong.
1791 P. Webster Polit. Ess. 351 Making this compensation to a stranger, who suffered nothing, is no repair of the wrong done.
1857 Christian Rev. July 422 The tardy movements of commerce and civilization [in Africa] may be quickened by..Christian zeal, so that the repair of an injustice too long delayed may in earnest be undertaken.
1905 ‘O. Rhoscomyl’ Flame-bearers Welsh Hist. xxxi. 110 He had done his full share towards weakening the land... He was now the one who did most to attempt the repair of that fatal error.
2001 J. Braithwaite & V. Braithwaite in E. Ahmed et al. Shame Managem. through Reintegration ii. 52 Shame-Guilt..will involve both concerns about the wrong of the criminal act and acceptance that the wrong may require repair to the self.
b. The remedying of an undesirable situation or state of affairs; rectification, correction; resolution of a problem or difficulty.
ΚΠ
1613 J. Stephens Cinthia's Revenge v. iii. sig. Bv Exhaustad [sic] teares May mittigate compunction, not despaire A losse vnmatch'd well worthy of repaire.
1694 tr. E. Benoist Hist. Famous Edict of Nantes II. 460 The great number of Souldiers,..might have brought upon us inconveniences past repair.
1759 W. Hawkins Cymbeline iii. 41 Fatigue acknowledg'd no repair By this nights' sleep.
1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. I. i. v. §7 95 The possibility of a rapid repair of their disasters, mainly depends on whether the country has been depopulated.
1877 Poor Law Mag. May 227 The Act..shortened the period within which a residential settlement might be lost..; and in confining himself to the repair of this defect, Lord Advocate Watson has acted on the true instinct.
1885 W. Arthur Relig. without God & God without Relig. II. ii. i. 204 All motion would be disorder, and all disorder would be without repair.
1903 Longman's Mag. Sept. 433 For defeat there could be no repair.
1997 R. Wooffitt et al. Humans, Computers, & Wizards 156 This turn displays the subject's recognition that the seat confirmation has not been provided, and..it effects repair of that difficulty.
6.
a. The healing of a wound, injury, etc.
ΚΠ
1806 T. Chevalier Treat. Gun-shot Wounds 5 The sensation of pain is excited, and those actions are called forth, by which the repair of the injury is afterward to be accomplished.
1850 C. H. Moore tr. C. von Rokitansky Man. Pathol. Anat. III. 152 They become converted into fibroid tissue, and thus the repair which ensues is attended with shortening..or with an artificial joint.
1885 H. Morris Surg. Dis. Kidney xiii. 166 The length of time required for the repair of a wound of the kidney varies, no doubt, with the character of the wound.
1920 Lancet 7 Aug. 330/1 In most cases of ulcer or sore, repair will set in and heal the breach.
1954 G. R. Cameron in H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. xxviii. 533 (caption) Early repair of a nerve injury.
1994 New Scientist 25 June 42/3 When a plant is damaged..it releases ethylene, which stimulates cell division and hence wound repair.
b. Surgical treatment of an injury or reconstruction of a body part.
ΚΠ
1893 New Eng. Med. Monthly Sept. 596/2 Many of these ingenious operation [sic] of Emmett were for the repair of the injuries of labor.
1920 Lancet 25 Dec. 1296/2 Plastic operations on the nerve, similar to those adopted for the repair of defects in tendons, in which a flap is used from the proximal, distal, or both ends.
1951 N. Monsarrat Cruel Sea (1953) iii. vi. 209 The faces were all shattered in the same formless way, mutilated alike by wounds and by slapdash surgical repair.
2009 Jrnl. Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surg. 62 108/2 Twelve months after repair, the enterocutaneous fistula has not recurred.

Phrases

P1. Phrases relating to the condition of something. Cf. also sense 4.
a. out of repair: in disrepair; in poor condition due to neglect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorated in condition [phrase] > out of repair
out of reparation (also reparations)1543
out of reparel1550
out of repair1588
1588 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 263 An old paire of Virgynalls out of repaire one githorne and an old lute 6 8.
1634 W. Lathum Phyala Lachrymarum in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1932) 41 Sith my cabban's all out of repaire.
1667 Duchess of Newcastle Life Duke of Newcastle ii. 91 His two Houses..he found much out of repair.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iv. 52 Houses very strangely Built, and most of them out of Repair.
1752 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 548/2 This machine wants no attendance, except when out of repair.
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iii. 129 If a place goes out of repair, the violence of the rain will soon destroy it.
1894 J. M. Walsh Coffee (Philadelphia) 92 There are times..when it is impossible to pulp coffee; the pulpers may get out of repair.
1951 Jrnl. Polit. 13 344 One of the biggest needs..is for very simple tractors and attachments without adjustments or other special gadgets to get out of repair.
2008 Times (Nexis) 8 Aug. (Bricks & Mortar) 2 After only five years, it is highly unlikely that the water system is out of repair.
b. in repair: in good or proper condition; in order. Frequently in to keep (also put) in repair.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [adjective] > in good condition
well-repaireda1470
sufficient1473
in tone1513
in reparation (also reparations)1565
in repair1648
in good (fair, etc.) nick1890
on-form1965
on (full) song1967
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (intransitive)]
to keep (up) the reparation (also reparations)a1440
botch1537
to keep (also put) in repair1648
repair1820
to make do and mend1927
1648 N. Ward Mercurius Anti-mechanicus 10 All the Clock-smiths..are not able to put them [sc. clocks] in repair, till the..Cogges and Clappers be brought into a due subordination.
1654 Mercurius Politicus No. 201. 3421 Whereas in an Ordinance for better amending and keeping in repair the Highways within this Nation, it is ordained [etc.].
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iv. iii. 35 I hope no-body will come this Way, till I put myself a little in Repair.
1742 Salkeld's Rep. Cases King's Bench (ed. 4) 2 719 (margin) Declaration by an Inhabitant of Littleport against the Proprietors of a Ferry-boat for not keeping it in repair.
1753 Scots Mag. Apr. 164/2 Provided that the city be obliged to uphold the..buildings in repair.
1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 4 A sum of money..for keeping the road in repair.
1886 Engineer 13 Aug. 138/1 The wages were paid to datallers for packing and putting the roads in repair.
1927 Geogr. Rev. 17 66 At the present time only one of these two wells is in repair.
1959 D. Hewett Bobbin Up (1961) vii. 86 Rents are that low I can't afford to keep the places in repair.
2000 Calif. Law Rev. 88 1867 The landlord had no duties to keep it in repair unless he assumed them expressly.
c. to put (also bring) into repair: to restore to good or proper condition; to put in order.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)]
rightlOE
attire1330
ettlea1350
to set (also put) in rulea1387
redress1389
dress?a1400
fettlea1400
governc1405
yraylle1426
direct1509
settlec1530
tune1530
instruct1534
rede1545
commodate1595
square1596
concinnate1601
concinnea1620
rectify1655
fix1663
to put (also bring) into repair1673
arrange1802
pipeclay1806
to get together1810
to do up1886
to jack up1939
1673 J. Arrowsmith Reformation ii. i. 21 This is the strangest beggar I ever heard Madam; but you use to be charitable, give him something to put him into repair, the Gentlemen has been in a Storm.
1761 Scots Mag. Oct. 543/1 He..intended to put Fort Prince George into repair, and to wait there.
1792 ‘P. Pindar’ Tears of St. Margaret (new ed.) 28 Like the Needle, while it wounds the cloth, It puts the rag into repair.
1817 W. Scott Let. 29 Oct. (1933) V. 4 Like the High-landman's gun, she wants stock, lock, and barrel, to put her into repair.
1860 Irish Jurist 12 345/1 It appeared that the trustees of the Turnpike Board had repaired the road under Spittal bridge ever since it was first put into repair by the company.
1908 tr. A. Dumas Crimes Ali Pacha 172 Liable to be attacked at any moment, they set themselves to bring into repair their counterscarps.
1998 C. Allen Pract. Guide Evid. xvi. 349 A consent order specifying the works necessary to put the house into repair.
P2. beyond repair: so that restoration to a good or proper condition is impossible; beyond the possibility of correction or remedy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > loss or gain [phrase] > beyond likelihood of recovery
in huckster's hands (handling)1581
beyond repair1657
1657 G. Wither Addr. Members of Parl. in Ecchoes from 6th Trumpet (1666) 178 Delay of Justice, losses brings Beyond Repair.
1659 Armies Dutie 13 You have broken, and trampled to pieces, beyond repair all those old Christian forms.
1747 G. Lyttelton To Memory of Lady 6 O Loss beyond Repair!
1801 Commerc. & Agric. Mag. June 438 Electioneering, and the introduction of Machinery in Yorkshire, have injured the manufacture of Taunton beyond repair.
1898 St. Nicholas Dec. 123 Their plight was beyond repair.
1928 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 72/1 Damage to a plane is spoken of as a..‘crash’ and if beyond repair as a ‘washout’.
1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here 135 The Japanese position in Burma was beyond repair.
P3. to run to repairs: to fall into disrepair. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by want of use or neglect
moul?c1225
rusta1400
moulda1547
to run to repairs1681
to go to seed1817
to run down1843
1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune v. 57 You shall oblige your self to a constant residence, and not by leaving the House uninhabited, let it run to repairs.
P4. upon a repair: in the process of being repaired. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [adverb] > in process of being repaired
upon a repair1756
1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 60 The school being very old, was at this time upon a repair.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
repair bill n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses > other expenses
reparation1421
out-rent1475
farmage1650
tavernryc1650
travelling expenses1653
capital expenditure1834
capital outlay1834
travel expenses1839
capital cost1841
operating expenses1850
repair bill1858
carrying charge1879
capital spending1882
replacement cost1884
operating costs1901
carrying cost1904
user cost1922
support cost1953
1858 Tri-weekly Missouri Republican (St. Louis) 7 Sept. The loss suffered including repair bills, could not have been less than two thousand dollars.
1923 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean xiv. 250 Here's where I slip it out..to help square the repair bill for my joy-ride.
1991 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. (Parade) 9/1 When..your RV's power generator shuts down..the first thing you probably think about is a huge repair bill!
repair ship n.
ΚΠ
1870 Memorial Internat. Ocean Telegr. Co. Mis. Doc. No. 161 (U.S. Senate, 41st Congr. 2nd Sess.) 2 This has forced us to join with other companies in the purchase and maintenance of a repair-ship.
1958 J. Dos Passos Great Days x. 132 Among several officers aboard I recognized the thinlipped frowning man who commanded a repair ship.
2001 Past & Present 172 164 They committed themselves to building eight dreadnought battlecruisers.., three depot ships and one repair ship over the next twenty years.
repair time n.
ΚΠ
1901 C. A. Tyrrell Royal Road to Health (ed. 22) vii. 165 Night is Nature's repair time, when she is busy at work replacing the ravages committed by wear and tear during the day.
1962 D. R. Cox Renewal Theory vii. 80 A machine is subject to stoppages... There is thus an alternating sequence of running-times and repair-times.
2006 C. Anderson Long Tail v. 70 The mean repair time for damage in high-profile Wikipedia entries such as ‘Islam’ is less than four minutes.
repair work n.
ΚΠ
1855 Johnston's Detroit Directory & Advertising Gazetteer Michigan 74 (advt.) Repair Work on Propellers, Steamers and Saw Mills, executed promptly and thoroughly.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 22 Aug. 10/1 Important repair work is..being undertaken..at the cathedrals of Winchester, Gloucester, York, and Canterbury.
2001 C. H. Wendel Encycl. Antique Tools & Machinery 25 The Wiedeke roller expander was usually used for repair work, as well as for new tubes.
b. With the sense ‘in or at which repairs are carried out’.
repair shop n.
ΚΠ
1835 New-Hampsh. Statesman & State Jrnl. 14 Mar. The building is of wood 2 stories in front..having in the 1st or basement story the wheel, picker, and repair shop.
1899 J. Pennell in Fortn. Rev. 65 118 There the final collapse came, about 100 miles from any reliable repair shop.
2005 J. M. Coetzee Slow Man xxix. 241 There was always something wrong with the van, it was always in the repair shop waiting for some part or other to arrive from Melbourne.
repair station n.
ΚΠ
1856 Weekly Raleigh (N. Carolina) Reg. 5 Mar. The repair station of the road at Graham, Alamance Co., is being fitted up on a scale and with a liberality that would do credit to any road.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 June 7/3 The mechanic..hung on to the radiator from the starting-line to the repair-station.
1998 Balloons & Airships July 12/3 The company promises an alternative repair station, inflatables and advanced technology balloons.
repair works n.
ΚΠ
1863 Dutton, Allen, & Co.'s Directory & Gazetteer Oxon, Berks & Bucks 465 The London and North-Western Railway Company..in their fitting and repair works, at Wolverton, generally employ from two to three thousand hands.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 9/1 With no repair works and with insufficient and sometimes incompetent staff, they ran their omnibuses as many hours as they could anyhow be kept on the road.
2001 Independent 4 Jan. (Educ. Plus section) 2/2 (caption) At Bridgnorth repair works in Shropshire, Richard Watkins..repairs the boiler of a vintage locomotive.
C2.
repair kit n. a collection of articles used to make repairs; also figurative.
ΚΠ
1893 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 31 May 2/3 Fortunately he carried a repair kit and did not have to foot it back home.
1935 Geogr. Rev. 25 507 It is said that any make of car in good condition and provided with strong springs and an adequate repair kit can cross the Sahara.
1975 Times 28 Aug. 11/8 I do not regard a song and dance as the infallible, all-purpose dramatic repair kit.
2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 4 Sept. viii. 7/5 The bed deflates in 30 seconds via a quick release valve. Includes a stuff sack and repair kit.
repair outfit n. a repair kit.
ΚΠ
1891 Cycling 18 Apr. 10 Repair outfits, enabling any rider to repair his tyre at home or on tour.
1976 J. R. L. Anderson Redundancy Pay i. 17 He..bought a pump, repair outfit, and a torch-battery cycle lamp.
2004 R. A. Dickson & W. P. Butt Medico-legal Back ii. 30 The ideal situation is to get one's puncture repair outfit out and repair or patch the dural breach.
repairperson n. a repairman (of either sex).Used as a common-gender form.
ΚΠ
1919 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 27 765 The operating officials must anticipate the volume and character of sales to a fairly accurate degree if they are to employ a proper number of repair persons.
1973 N.Y. Mag. 23 Apr. 82/2 (advt.) Who's the best repairperson in N.Y.?
2009 Toronto Star (Nexis) 21 Feb. h4 You might want to ask a reputable auction house for a referral to a good clock repairperson.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

repairv.1

Brit. /rᵻˈpɛː/, U.S. /rəˈpɛ(ə)r/, /riˈpɛ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English repeire, Middle English repeyer, Middle English repeyre, Middle English–1600s repaire, Middle English–1600s repare, Middle English–1600s repayer, Middle English–1600s repayr, Middle English–1600s repayre, Middle English– repair; Scottish pre-1700 rapare, pre-1700 repaer, pre-1700 repaire, pre-1700 repar, pre-1700 repare, pre-1700 repayr, pre-1700 repayre, pre-1700 repear, pre-1700 reper, pre-1700 1700s– repair.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French repairer, repairier.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman repeirer, reparier, repairir, etc., Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French repairier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French repairer, reparer, Middle French reperer (French †repairer ) to return, go back, to go home, to head for, to go, to arrive, (of memory, strength, etc.) to return (also reflexive; end of the 11th cent.; also c1100 as repadrer ), to dwell, reside, stay, to frequent (12th cent.) < post-classical Latin repatriare to return to one's country (see repatriate v.). Compare post-classical Latin repariare to resort (1275 in a British source), Old Occitan repairar.
1.
a. intransitive. To return to or from a specified place or person; to come back again. Usually with from, to, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)]
to come toOE
comeOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
overtakec1225
redea1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to get through1589
reach1591
to be along1597
land1679
engage1686
to get in1863
to breeze in1930
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > return towards point of departure
repaira1325
returna1325
rebounda1382
redounda1382
recovera1393
to go backc1425
revertc1475
renew1488
reverse1542
retire1567
revolve1587
reciprocate1623
retrovert1639
to get back1664
recur1719
hoicks1762
boomerang1900
society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [verb (intransitive)] > have returned
repaira1325
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive
comeOE
to come to townOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
to come anovenonc1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
rede?a1400
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to be along1597
to drop in1609
to come ona1635
to walk in1656
land1679
engage1686
to come along1734
to get in1863
to turn up1870
to fall in1900
to lob1916
to roll up1920
to breeze in1930
to rock up1975
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxiii. 83 Ant also, ȝif þer be outlawed ant repeiri, ant ho him recettez.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 8972 (MED) Þe kyng ȝaf hir ȝiftis faire, And homwarde she dud repaire.
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 609 To Rome agayn repaireth [v.r. repayrith, repeireþ] Iulius With his triumphe.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1837 O yonge fresshe folkes he or she..Repeyreth hom from worldly vanyte.
?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 647 (MED) The Meire, the citezenis..Ben home repeyred into hire citee.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1454 Syne to his maister he ayane Reparith.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin x. 150 Ye shall not take it till ye be repeired fro the bateile.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 98 Ȝe hecht sone, without delay, Againe in Edinburgh till repair.
1562 Proclam. Observ. Certein Statutes f. G. iii An ydell person..shalbe..sworn to repayre where he was borne, or where he last dwelt by thre yeres.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 66 May all to Athens backe againe repaire . View more context for this quotation
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island iv. xxxiii. 46 The smoak mounting in village nigh..Begins the night, and warns us home repair.
1723 J. Darby tr. S. Ali Hist. Timur-Bec I. iii. lxiv. 525 The Mirzas had orders to return to court, and let their troops repair to their quarters.
1764 M. C. Each Sex in their Humour I. ii. 127 He then repaired to the apartment of his son-in-law, who gave him a most kind reception.
1812 B. Barton Metrical Effusions 167 With what intense delight till then unknown, Did they repair again with awe to hear The Sacred Book.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 311 The subtle and restless Wildman, who had..found England an unsafe residence, and had retired to Germany, now repaired from Germany to the prince's court.
1896 Chambers's Jrnl. 11 Nov. 706/2 Full of wonder, he repaired home to find that the telegraph should have told him that he was ‘first on duty’.
1955 N. Coward Compl. Lyrics (1998) 294/2 As his widow repaired To the home they had shared, Her heart sang a gay Te Deum.
2002 L. Pykett Charles Dickens vi. 180 The enchanted domestic space to which Bella and Harmon finally repair to resume their regenerated lives.
b. intransitive. Without origin or destination specified: to return, come back. Also with again. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [verb (intransitive)]
to wend againeOE
i-cherrec1000
again-chareOE
again-comeOE
again-fareOE
again-goOE
eft-sithec1175
to turn againc1175
returna1325
attournec1386
turnc1390
recovera1393
repair?c1400
recourse?a1425
to go backc1425
resortc1425
revertc1475
renew1488
retour?1505
to make return1534
to turn back1538
retend1543
to come short home1548
regress1552
rejourna1556
revolt1567
revolve1587
repeal1596
recur1612
rewend1616
revene1656
to get back1664
to take back1674
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. met. ii. l. 1862 Hir corage..repaireþ aȝein [L. redeunt animi] þat þei [sc. the lions] roren greuously.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3751 (MED) Quen we repaire with þe palme, þan prayses vs oure feris.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 92 b/1 They repayred by amyens and passed by a lytyl vylage named Sayns.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3249 Þe alyenys, þat war chassit ar, Repayrit.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. iv. 68 If I might beseech you Gentlemen, to repayre some other houre. View more context for this quotation
1690 Earl of Halifax Epist. Earl of Dorset 7 Fleets may repair again, And routed Armies rally on the Plain.
1721 J. Addison tr. Virgil Fourth Georgick in Wks. I. 19 On high you see the bees repair, Born on the winds thro' distant tracts of air.
2.
a. intransitive. To go, proceed, set out, make one's way. Also: to arrive. Frequently with from, to, (archaic) unto, etc. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2735 (MED) Tristrem þouȝt repaire Hou so it euer be.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 5169 Repeired is þerl sir Tirri, Wiþ him of Warwike sir Gij.
c1390 (?c1350) Barlaam & Josaphat (Vernon) l. 186 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 217 (MED) Þen to þe kyng loke þou repeyre To Morwe erly.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 739 (MED) Þei wer glad to ben in sikirnesse..Hem to refresche, and repeire a-noon Whan þat þe rage of þe see wer goon.
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) i. l. 95 (MED) Thei of Egipte..mote nedes repayre On-to þis Cytee [sc. Alexandria]..If þei to affryke or to Cartage goo.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 126 Knyghtes..that repayreden thourgh the Contree to assaye yef thei myght ought wynne vpon the kynge.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xvi. 67 A lady fayre, Whiche to loue you wyll nothynge repayre.
1529 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1825) 1st Ser. II. 2 I beseche yow..repare hyther thys day as sone as the Parlement ys broken up.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Gal. iii. f. ix The Jewes..forsakyng the ceremonies of theyr elders, repayre vnto the spiritual doctrin of the gospel.
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia i. 173 Then from her lothsome Caue doth Plague repaire.
1610 in A. Brown Genesis of U.S. (1890) I. 404 The Captaine of the fort, Ca[ptain] James Davies, repaired unto us.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 122 To those places straight repair Where your respective dwellings are.
1700 J. Dryden Flower & Leaf in Fables 384 From their breathing Souls the Sweets repair To scent the Skies, and purge th' unwholsome Air.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 123. ¶5 He received a sudden Summons from Leontine to repair to him into the Country the next Day.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. v. 300 The ambassadors of France and England repaired to Spain.
1810 G. Crabbe Borough i. 4 I repair From this tall Mansion..Till we the Out-skirts of the Borough reach.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 536 There was no longer any difficulty or danger in repairing to William.
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood xii. 89 Repairing to Durdle's unfinished house, or hole in the city wall.
1935 H. Read Green Child iii. 148 A special grotto, to which a sage might repair.
1961 G. F. Kennan Russia & West vi. 80 The Allied diplomatic missions in Petrograd were obliged to leave that capital..and to repair to the provincial town of Vologda.
1996 Denver Post 10 Mar. d1/1 Maybe we should all repair to..the new net cafe.
b. transitive (reflexive). = sense 2a. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward [verb (reflexive)]
vaunce1303
advancec1425
repair1509
work1528
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxvi. 113 Than on my Iorney myselfe to repayre..Forthe on I rode.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. lx. 810/1 Hee was conueyed to the Tower..Whither shortly after the Lords themselues repaired.
1654 R. Codrington tr. P. Trogus Hist. Iustine xi. 167 Alexander did declare unto them that he would repair himself unto Tyre to pay his vows to Hercules.
1712 E. Budgell Spectator No. 347. 149 We do hereby earnestly pray and exhort all husbands..to repair themselves to their respective habitations at early and seasonable hours.
1792 Marquis de Lafayette Let. 29 July in Mem. Corr. & Manuscripts (1837) III. 429 I shall place the camp of six thousand men at Sedan,..repairing myself to those points that appear to me most exposed.
1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. ii. 66 The Commissioners then proposed to repair themselves to Khatmandu, engaging to return in twelve days with a definitive reply.
1962 Sociol. Q. 3 102 Footloose individuals could repair themselves to a city..[and] establish a community.
2001 Granta Summer 24 Do a deal, repair thyselves home, soften the lights, put on some music,..make yourself comfortable, lay back and..swallow.
3.
a. intransitive. To go habitually or frequently to a place or (occasionally) a person. Chiefly with to, †unto.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > haunt or resort [verb (intransitive)]
floatc1315
haunta1375
repaira1393
resort1432
abraid?a1439
accustomc1475
use1488
frequent1577
howff1808
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1136 (MED) Scorpio..harmeth Venus and empeireth, Bot Mars unto his hous repeireth.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 6982 If that ye haue ought to do In place that I repeire to I shal it speden.
1432 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. May 1432 §51. m. 3 All wolles..goyng oute of þis royalme..sholde repaire to þe staple at Caleis.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 906 All the worlde, crystenyd and hethyn repayryth unto the Rounde Table.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 556 For I but suspicioun Micht repair till hir preuely.
1560 T. Ingelend Disobedient Child sig. E.i Sometymes to the Churche, they do repayre.
1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) 57 At a Certayne tyme of the yere they make a great, and solemne feaste wherunto their neighbours of the townes adioninge repayre from all parts.
1602 E. Hayes Treatise in J. Brereton Briefe & True Relation (1902) I. 17 Nations that haue beene accustomed to repaire vnto the Newfound-land for the commoditie of fish and oiles alone.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Surrey 82 He used to examine the Pockets of such Oxford Scholars as repaired unto him.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 694 During Mr. Dugdale's stay in London, he repaired sometimes to the Lodging of Sir Hen. Spelman.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. iv. 165 It is usual for the young Gentlemen of the Bar to repair to these Sessions. View more context for this quotation
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 242 Thither no more the peasant shall repair To sweet oblivion of his daily care.
1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 31 In the proper season of the year, the people of Calais repair hither for their evening dance.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. viii. 294 The latter were wont to repair to Granada to settle their affairs of honor, by personal rencounter.
1911 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough: Magic Art (ed. 3) I. v. 250 When the rains do not come..the people of Central Angoniland repair to what is called the rain-temple.
1947 S. J. Perelman Acres & Pains v. 37 At sundown..I generally repaired to the village store.
2004 Ireland's Own 19 Mar. 15/2 In bygone times, the men repaired to the local tavern after church to drink the ‘pota Padraig’.
b. intransitive. To be present or assembled, habitually or temporarily; to present oneself; to stay, dwell, reside. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)]
wonc725
erdec893
siteOE
liveeOE
to make one's woningc960
through-wonOE
bigc1175
walkc1225
inwonea1300
lenda1300
lenga1300
lingera1300
erthec1300
stallc1315
lasta1325
lodge1362
habit?a1366
breeda1375
inhabitc1374
indwella1382
to have one's mansionc1385
to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400
keepc1400
repairc1400
to have (also hold, keep, make) one's residencec1405
to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425
winc1425
to make (one's) residence1433
resort1453
abidec1475
use1488
remaina1500
demur1523
to keep one's house1523
occupy1523
reside1523
enerdc1540
kennel1552
bower1596
to have (also hold, keep, make) residence1597
subsist1618
mansiona1638
tenant1650
fastena1657
hospitate1681
wont1692
stay1754
to hang out1811
home1832
habitate1866
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 1028 (MED) Þe cyte stod abof..ful fayre..Þe wonez wythinne enurned ware Wyth alle kynnez perre þat moȝt repayre.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 272/1 Thy blood whiche repayrest in heuenes.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 477 In-till a stalward place heir-by Reparis all thair cumpany.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1171 In wildernes, Qwhar na man dar repayr na dwel.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xi. 11 Also there was the Erle of Arundell..repayryng about the Kyngis courte.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 21 Till he come to quhair the nyne [nobles] did repair.
1597 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 109 Quhair evir the said Helen is knawin, or hes reparit thir mony yeiris bigane, sche..is reportit..to be a..witch.
c. transitive (reflexive) in same sense. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (reflexive)]
lenda1300
nesta1400
lodgec1400
inhabit1413
repair1509
settle1551
stay1558
plant1560
seat1603
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxxii. 157 So forthe we wente in to a chambre fayre Where many ladyes dyde them selfe repayre.
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China ii. vii. 150 They vnderstood..he must abide and repayre himself in some place nigh there aboutes.
4. intransitive. To resort; to have recourse to a person or thing for aid, guidance, etc. Now archaic.In later use merging with sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > have recourse to [verb (transitive)]
fang855
runOE
to take to ——?c1225
seeka1300
goc1390
to have (one's or a) recourse toc1405
recourse?a1425
suit1450
to take (also make or make one's) recourse to (also into)c1456
repairc1475
to fall to ——1490
recur1511
to take unto ——1553
flee1563
betake1590
retreat1650
to call on ——1721
devolve1744
to draw upon ——1800
to draw on ——a1817
c1475 Wisdom (Folger) (1969) 71 O worthy spowse and soueren father..to yowr loue wo dothe repeyer.
1539 T. Elyot Bankette of Sapience f. 44 Hym, whose howse is..open to all menne, where euery manne, as it were in tempestes and stormes, may repayre for theyr succours.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David ix. v Thither the world for justice shall repaire.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 150 If any desire farther Information herein, let him repair to the worthy Work, which..the..Arch-bishop of Armagh, hath written.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 62 Sometimes his Captain..repairs to him for a Refitment.
1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature vii. 145 No shops to repair to for tools.
1817 Panoplist Nov. 493 Flee to him for safety... Sensible that you are justly condemned, may you repair to Christ as guilty, and ruined, and helpless.
1968 K. A. Menninger Crime of Punishm. x. 254 Illness..is best defined as a state of impaired functioning of such a nature that the public expects the sufferer to repair to the physician for help.
1992 New Yorker 3 Feb. 52/2 At a luncheon meeting..he repaired to the Bible for a spirited apologia for the tradition of liberalism.
5.
a. transitive. To convey, deliver. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
ferryOE
weighOE
bearOE
take?a1160
weve13..
carry1348
passa1350
tow1391
geta1393
convey1393
winc1400
transport1483
set1487
convoy1500
traduce1535
port1566
repair1612
vehiculate1628
transmute1683
transplant1769
gallant1806
transit1859
inveigh1878
waltz1884
sashay1928
conduct-
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxix.141 Thou canst not decerne Thy ladyes mynde though that she speke the fayre Her herte is false she wyll no trouthe repayre.
1612 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 8 This 50li Mr. Eustace delivered Thomas Russell of Ballyea for me who did repair yt unto me.
b. transitive. With back. To recover, reclaim. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > pull back
reduce?a1425
retract?a1475
retraha1513
retire1594
disadvance1596
repair1596
rehale1613
repull1632
revulsec1694
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X3v He ere he could his weapon backe repaire, His side all bare and naked ouertooke. View more context for this quotation
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

repairv.2

Brit. /rᵻˈpɛː/, U.S. /rəˈpɛ(ə)r/, /riˈpɛ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English reparare (transmission error), Middle English repeire, Middle English repeyr, Middle English repeyre, Middle English–1600s repaire, Middle English–1600s repare, Middle English–1600s repayr, Middle English–1600s repayre, Middle English– repair, 1500s repayer, 1500s repear, 1500s reper; Scottish pre-1700 repaire, pre-1700 repar, pre-1700 repare, pre-1700 repayr, pre-1700 repear, pre-1700 repeare, pre-1700 repeir, pre-1700 1700s– repair.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French reparer; Latin reparāre.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French reparer, Middle French (rare) repairer (modern French réparer ) to restore (something damaged) to good or proper condition, to make good, put right (12th cent. in Old French), (of a sick person) to recover (a1365), to make good, make up for (the consequences of an action, etc.) (1369), to compensate (someone for something) (1398) and its etymon classical Latin reparāre to get back, restore, to recreate, reconstruct, renew, to revive, to reinvigorate, in post-classical Latin also to regenerate, renew (3rd cent.), to mend (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources) < re- re- prefix + parāre to make ready, put in order (see pare v.1). In sense 4a (and perhaps also in sense 1d) probably after Middle French, French reparer to adorn, decorate, enhance (a1389), which is probably < re- re- prefix + parer pare v.1, and thus a different formation from réparer , as shown by the differing vowel in the prefix in later use (although it is difficult to be certain of this in the case of earlier examples in Middle French). Compare Old Occitan reparar , Catalan reparar (14th cent.), Spanish reparar (13th cent.), Portuguese reparar (1364), Italian riparare (a1320). Compare prepare v.
1.
a. transitive. To restore (a damaged, worn, or faulty object or structure) to good or proper condition by replacing or fixing parts; to mend, fix. Also intransitive and in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (transitive)]
beetc975
menda1200
amenda1250
rightc1275
botcha1382
reparela1382
cure1382
repaira1387
dighta1400
emend1411
to mend up1479
restablishc1500
help1518
trimc1520
redub1522
reparate1548
accommodate1552
reinstaure1609
reconcinnate1623
to do up1647
righta1656
fixa1762
doctor1829
vamp1837
service1916
rejig1976
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (intransitive)]
to keep (up) the reparation (also reparations)a1440
botch1537
to keep (also put) in repair1648
repair1820
to make do and mend1927
a1387 [implied in: J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 129 At þe repayrynge [v.r.reparailynge; L. reparandam] of Seynt Petres chirche, he wente to wiþ a mattok and opened first þe erþe. (at repairing n.1 1)].
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 1213 (MED) Pallamydes..is to his shippes goon For to considre..Wher nede was..Any of hem to mendyn or repeire.
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1700 (MED) More esily a thing is al mad newe In many cas then is an olde repared.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 218) 554 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 350 As..an artificer repareth a reven cheste.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. sig. k.iiiv/2 They repayred agayn the castell and mended the walles and gates of the towne.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxj He repared his nauie and returned to Constantinople.
1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 744 They agreed..that in the night they should sende to haue our weares robbed, and also to cause them to bee broken and once being broken neuer to bee repayred againe by them.
1600 in House of Gordon (1907) II. 193 [Alexander Gordon] has repaired and builded in Lesmoir more sumptuouslie by farr then it was befor.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 194 The fourth Bridge..being rebuilt or repaired of stone, by King Charles the sixth.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 878 Disburd'nd Heav'n rejoic'd, and soon repaird Her mural breach. View more context for this quotation
1747 J. Barker Ess. Agreem. Anc. & Mod. Physicians iv. 289 A Physician is like..a Builder, who undertakes to repair a decayed Pile; he must add what is wanting.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 75 He brought materials for repairing the place, and some furniture.
1820 J. Gifford Compl. Eng. Lawyer (ed. 5) 418 The law excuses the lessee, unless there is a covenant to repair and uphold.
1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 270/2 While I was repairing some of the loose leaves with paste.
1878 H. James Europeans I. iii. 89 A lot of money..that comes forward very quietly for subscriptions to institutions, for repairing tenements, for paying doctor's bills.
1924 J. Mosley in B. C. Williams O. Henry Prize Stories (1925) 126 The rack-boned horse quietly pulled the swingletree in two, and I found myself without the means to repair.
1951 J. W. Vale Mod. Auto Body & Fender Repair xiii. 162 The deck compartment..may be repaired in the same way.
1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day ii. 37 He had a wheelbarrow to take in for the blacksmith to repair.
2005 Ships Monthly Oct. 4/2 Both vessels were escorted to Falmouth where Sierra Express was repaired alongside at A & P.
b. transitive. To rebuild (a city).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct > again or anew
re-edifya1425
repairc1425
new-build1480
rebuilda1525
re-erect1579
re-edificea1601
recompack1602
recompose1611
recast1625
repiece1642
reconstitute1759
restructure1932
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 462 (MED) Þe kyng..Hath souȝt a weye þe cite to repare.
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 97 King Priant had repaired Troye ayen, þe which was destroyed.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ii. xxxi. 23 Whan..Belyn was retourned into Brytayne he repayred olde Cyties.
1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem ix. 306 Nehemiah..was sent to repaire Ierusalem in the 20. yeare of king Artaxerxes.
1676 J. Brydall Camera Regis 10 Some are of opinion, that London took the name of Ludstone; for King Lud..repaired this City.
1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. vi. 100 Ælfred, King of the West Saxons..honourably repaired this City, made it again habitable.
1769 J. Trusler Chronology 22 London repaired by Alfred, in 885; burnt to the ground, about 982.
1828 J. Bruce Summary Anc. Hist. v. 35 Ezra, a learned Jew, of the family of Aaron, received a commission from Artaxerxes to repair Jerusalem.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. x. 242 A place called Almeida..which Bückeburg had tried to repair into strength.
1951 Internat. Affairs 27 138 The government is doing its best to repair the city; they are repairing the roads; the administration is by no means bad and public utility services..work well.
2001 Lancaster (Pa.) New Era (Nexis) 26 Oct. a8 Americans are paying billions for weapons..and billions more to repair New York and plan for additional terrorist attacks.
c. transitive. To put (a country) in order. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > specifically a country, affairs, etc.
stablish1470
statute1488
repairc1503
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxiv/2 The soudan..caused the holy lande to be better repared and more suerly kept.
d. transitive (reflexive). To put oneself in order; esp. to give oneself a neat and tidy appearance, spruce oneself up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > put in order [verb (reflexive)] > again
repair1570
reorder1579
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iii. 220/1 But Cadolus as he had ye better cause, so had he ye worse fortune: who being repelled, yet repaired him selfe & came again wt a greater power.
1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) iii. ii. vi. iii. 561 Let her have a boxe of beauty to repaire herselfe still, such a one as Venus gave Phaon.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 35 On arriving (too late to repair yourself), you are obliged to sit down to table..with plastered hair [etc.].
1873 L. B. Monroe Public & Parlor Readings (1878) 87 I've been repairing myself; and I'm all the better for being a little done up.
a1910 ‘M. Twain’ Mysterious Stranger (1922) 303 She was always immediately recognizable, notwithstanding she was so given to repair herself and getting up doubtful improvements in her hair and eyes.
1997 V. Andrews Heart Song vii. 152 I went into the bathroom on the boat, where there was a small wall mirror, and repaired myself the best I could.
e. intransitive. In the progressive with passive meaning. Also occasionally in non-progressive use: to undergo repairs. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1653 Weekly Intelligencer 22 Feb. 752 She was occasioned that night to make for Portsmouth, there to repair.
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 71 Houses here and there are always Repairing.
1751 T. Saunders Despatch 24 Oct. in H. Dodwell Cal. Madras Despatches 1744–55 (1920) 147 His Majesty's sloop Swallow which is repairing in Bengal will call here for despatches.
1835 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 465/1 After being a week out, she was forced back from bad weather, and is now repairing.
1844 Boston Daily Atlas 21 Oct. She was supplied by brig Philura, at New York, and would put into the nearest port to repair.
1864 D. G. Farragut Let. 4 Nov. in Official Rec. Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1906) 1st Ser. XXI. 713 Steamers Cayuga, Genesee, Kanawha... Most of these steamers are repairing.
2.
a. transitive. To bring or restore (an immaterial thing) to normal or proper condition, compensating for some form of deterioration or downturn. Also occasionally intransitive.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 17 Þe offis of þese angelis is to tehe hem þat haueþ vertue how þey schul in hemmself reparare [read repare; L. reparent] þe ymage of god and reforme it.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 3484 (MED) The lyllyes ffayre, And..herbys..That wynter slowh..ther Rychesse I [sc. Nature] do repare.
1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips vi. 42 The iii. daye [he] rose againe from the dead, and repared life for all beleuers.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G4 Flesh may empaire (qd. he) but reason can repaire.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. ii. 12 Mans ore-labor'd sense Repaires it selfe by rest. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 665 Secret refreshings, that repair his strength. View more context for this quotation
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) i. 9 The Fair..Repairs her Smiles, awakens ev'ry Grace.
1746 Hist. Man I. ix. 45 That is too light a punishment to repair my honour.
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 29 The Baths..will, I hope, repair my strength.
1811 Ld. Byron Let. 17 July in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 485 I pass through town to repair my irreparable affairs.
1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 95 O love that cannot be repair'd Whate'er the future bring!
1882 R. Johnson Hist. French War v. 76 This chair was frugally devoted to the work of repairing the friendship with Charnisay.
1921 H. Johnston Man who did Right Thing (1922) xviii. 317 When she went down there it was to rest and repair her beauty.
1960 Scotsman 21 Apr. Labour has no outstanding Socialist propagandist and no one to repair its drooping fortunes.
1996 Times 13 Nov. 26/4 The CBI called on the Chancellor to..produce measures aimed at encouraging investment and repairing public finances.
b. transitive. To restore (a material thing, esp. a body or body part) to good or proper condition by compensating for waste, decay, exhaustion, etc.; to renew.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew
newOE
freshc1300
renovela1325
renewa1382
renulec1384
refreshc1425
repairc1425
anewc1440
ennew1523
renovatea1555
renove1588
regenerate1607
righta1656
reficiate1657
freshen1710
refreshen1780
to fresh up1831
recondition1857
renovize1932
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 25 Þey..repayren [v.rr. repeireth; repairith; repareþ] not here heere in to newe gras tyme.
?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 136 Þis herbe..reparyth and kepyth a mannes heer on his hed.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxxiiiv The fruyte of the tree of lyfe..onely repared & nourysshed ye bodyes of the eaters.
1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Troas ii. sig. Ciiiiv Hecate her chaunged hornes repeares.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 296 The armie being a little repaired here, the Marques went to the Ile of Coruo to meete with the Indian fleete.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. i. 98 My decayed faire, A sunnie looke of his, would soone repaire . View more context for this quotation
1620 J. Brinsley tr. Virgil De Apibus in Eclogues 103/1 The way by which Bees may be repaired againe when they shall be vtterly dead and gone.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King So sinks the day-starre in the Ocean bed, And yet anon repairs his drooping head.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 115 While the Southern Air And dropping Heav'ns, the moisten'd Earth repair . View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 69. ¶5 We repair our Bodies by the Drugs of America.
1757 T. Gray Ode II iii. iii, in Odes 21 To-morrow he [sc. the sun] repairs the golden flood.
1791 W. Cowper Let. 24 June (1982) III. 533 While your church is undergoing repair, its Minister may be repair'd also.
1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 24 The waste of the tissues which these elements go to repair.
1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 188 I see my trees repair their boughs.
1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 32 Mammalia..can, indeed, repair injured epidermis and the like.
1924 Peabody Jrnl. Educ. 1 325 Our bodies..are all the time wearing out and repairing themselves.
1987 P. Quillan Healing Nutrients (1989) Preface p. xii The human body is entirely built from, fueled by, and repaired with substances found in our diet.
2009 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 2 Jan. r11 An animated children's animation meets visionary sci-fi story about the last robot on Earth and his quest to repair the planet.
c. transitive. To revive, reinvigorate (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]
akeleOE
restOE
comfort1303
ease1330
quickc1350
recurea1382
refresha1382
refetec1384
restorec1384
affilea1393
enforcec1400
freshc1405
revigour?a1425
recomfortc1425
recreatec1425
quicken?c1430
revive1442
cheerc1443
refection?c1450
refect1488
unweary1530
freshen1532
corroborate1541
vige?c1550
erect?1555
recollect?1560
repose1562
respite1565
rouse1574
requicken1576
animate1585
enlive1593
revify1598
inanimate1600
insinew1600
to wind up1602
vigorize1603
inspiritc1610
invigour1611
refocillate1611
revigorate1611
renovate1614
spriten1614
repaira1616
activate1624
vigour1636
enliven1644
invigorate1646
rally1650
reinvigorate1652
renerve1652
to freshen up1654
righta1656
re-enlivena1660
recruita1661
enlighten1667
revivify1675
untire1677
reanimate1694
stimulate1759
rebrace1764
refreshen1780
brisken1799
irrigate1823
tonic1825
to fresh up1835
ginger1844
spell1846
recuperate1849
binge1854
tone1859
innerve1880
fiercen1896
to tone up1896
to buck up1909
pep1912
to zip up1927
to perk up1936
to zizz up1944
hep1948
to zing up1948
juice1964
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) v. iv. 11 Repaire me, with thy presence, Siluia: Thou gentle Nimph, cherish thy for-lorne swaine. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 30 It much repaires me To talke of your good father. View more context for this quotation
1625 I. B. Psalme of Mercy 183 Thy holy Spirit..striueth to reuiue, repaire, and reforme me.
3.
a. transitive. To heal or cure (a wound, injury, etc.). Also intransitive: (of a wound, injury, etc.) to heal. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > unite fractures, wounds, etc. > heal a wound
repairc1475
glutinate1564
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > of wound: heal
healc1390
solda1425
uphealc1440
heal up1590
repair1590
menda1600
recure1616
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 74v With þis poudre..þe generacioun of þe pores may riȝt myche be amendid and plenerly be repeirid & restorid.
1568 Bible (Bishops') Jer. xxxiii. 6 I wyll repaire and heale their woundes, and make them whole.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N5 So well he did her deadly wounds repaire.
1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xv. 138 Many venemous creatures are by Arte used to cure the wounds, and repaire the injuries, which themselves had made.
1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Rev. xiii. 4 They worship the Devil, under the name of Heathen Gods, for making their Empire so great, and repairing the Wound of their Religion.
1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady i. x. 98 The Fluids..to soder and repair their Wounds.
a1771 T. Gray Imit. Propertius in Wks. (1814) II. 88 The Lemnian's hurt Machaon could repair.
1826 Lancet 1 Apr. 32/1 Nature is unable to repair the extensive injury.
1881 Daily News 29 Aug. 5/6 The wound was not repairing, and was not better than on Friday.
1883 Harper's Mag. June 124/1 The Carlsbad waters will restore the deranged functions of an organ [i.e. the liver]; but they will not repair the structural lesions of the organ itself.
1931 Biol. Bull. 60 414 It is evident that the radiation injury cannot be repaired by ordinary nutrition.
1980 P. Davis Social Context of Dentistry i. 23 Like caries, it [sc. periodontal disease] can be controlled but, unlike caries, it cannot be repaired.
2002 Here's Health Mar. 78/3 Supplementing with collagen and glucosamine..can help to relieve pain and help repair joint damage.
b. transitive. To reconstruct (defective or injured body parts) surgically.
ΚΠ
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxiii. ii. 871 There was a Surgeon of Italy of late yeares which would restore or repaire the portion of the nose that was cut away after this manner.
1661 J. Evelyn tr. G. Naudé Instr. conc. Erecting of Libr. iv. 30 We should open our Libraries, and receive them therein, who first wrote of Subjects the least known..; as..Tagliacotius, how to repair a decayed Nose.
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iv. 120 When the mutilation of the nose was to be repaired.
1853 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. xlviii. 665 By plastic or reparative surgery is meant those processes by which mutilations are repaired, and loss of structure replaced.
1881 Canad. Jrnl. Med. Sci. Feb. 42/2 To repair the upper lid a flap was taken from the top of the nose and the forehead.
1915 Internat. Clinics 25th Ser. 2 238 In some cases [of rectal prolapse] it is indicated to repair the pelvic floor.
1965 Pop. Sci. Jan. 116/1 Recently, in Chicago, a patient had two bad heart valves replaced with artificial ones, a third valve delicately repaired.
2003 Vogue Nov. 422/1 Tummy tuck, in which scar tissue is excised, the muscle beneath it repaired and tightened, and the excess skin removed.
c. intransitive. Of a person: to recuperate, recover. rare.
ΚΠ
1919 ‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 22 Oct. (1993) III. 42 I got up this morning & came straight outside & here I am resting in lovely weather, repairing—so don't you worry.
1991 L. Miller Lett. from Lost Generation 271 Sara is repairing slowly,..but it's been a wretched business, Ernest's death affected her deeply.
4.
a. transitive. To adorn, decorate. Also intransitive. Obsolete. [The analysis of quot. a1525 is not certain; it is possible that it could instead show repair n.2 in an otherwise unrecorded sense ‘ornamentation’.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lii. 75 Of them..that so moche waste their good to be Iolyf & repayre their carayn.
?1503–5 H. Watson tr. Valentine & Orson (1937) 109 I haue hope that anone I shall take you, and hange you on the hyghest braunche of my tree for to repayre the place.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 614 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 114 And in yair tymeralis tryid trewly yai bere The plesand povne in a part provde to repaire.
b. transitive. Originally: to maintain by paying for upkeep. Later: to provide or supply with something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything
feather?c1225
serve?c1225
astore1297
purveya1325
purveyc1325
warnishc1330
supply1384
bego1393
garnish?a1400
stuff14..
instore1432
relievec1480
providec1485
appurvey1487
support?1507
furnishc1515
repair1518
supply1529
speed1531
help (a person) to (also with)1569
sort1598
suffice1600
enduea1616
starta1640
employ1690
find1713
to fix out1725
issue1737
service1969
1518 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 182 We..gevis [them]..the forsaid ile with the pertinence, with power to thame till honour and repair the samyn honorably as thai think maist expedient to the honour of God.
1557 Will of John Bowler (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/39) f. 395 My wif shall kepe maynteyn and repayer all my said children with meate drincke and honnest apparrell.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1678 What bird doth cut the aire With her swift wing, but that we doe repaire Therwith our tables?
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. viii. Epigr. 275 What need that House be daub'd with flesh and blood? Hang'd round with silks and gold; repair'd with food?
1669 T. Vaughan Brief Nat. Hist. 36 Whether the same Individual Light, be still resident in the body of the Sun..or whether it continue empty and spend it self, and so like a River be repared with fresh supplies..I cannot certainly affirm.
5. transitive. To make up (a sum of money); to bring up to a given amount. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > make up (a sum) again
repair1486
1486 in F. J. Furnivall Gild of St. Mary, Lichfield (1920) 22 Willing to fulfill, renew, and make hoole the seid summe off xl li. [margin the hole summe of xl li repared.]
6. transitive. To regain, recover (something lost). Now rare.
ΚΠ
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 135 In very contricion..þe troubled conscience is reconciled, grace lost is repeired [L. reparatur]..and god & þe meke soule metiþ in an holy kosse.
1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 747 As to the Vitreous humor, he judges it to be of that nature, that being once lost, it can never be repaired.
1769 E. Griffith School for Rakes v. 87 Your tenderness for the weakness you have caused, may incline you to repair her lost honour.
1860 C. D. Yonge Life Field-Marshall Arthur, Duke of Wellington I. xxxii. 608 He did not waste a moment in unavailing reproaches, and at once set himself to repair the lost time.
1914 Colonnade July 18 The education process is a means of repairing the lost estate of man.
7.
a. transitive. To make amends for (a wrong or harm done); to make up or compensate for.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > atone for [verb (transitive)]
beetc897
i-bye10..
abyelOE
answer?a1300
buya1300
amendc1300
mendc1330
forbuy1340
redressa1387
answera1400
byea1400
filla1400
peasea1400
ransoma1400
to pay for——c1400
recompense?a1439
abidea1450
satisfyc1460
redeema1464
repaira1513
syth1513
reconcile1535
acquit1567
dispense1590
assoil1596
propitiate1610
expiatea1626
atone1661
retrievea1679
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1965) II. 120 Als mony sinnis and trespassis as he committis, sa mekle he is oblist to repar and mak satisfaccioun for.
1562 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 227 Knawing that the actioun and caus laid to thair charge..is sensyne reparit, dressit and aggreit.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 123 The rest of the beistes..hald besyd the, in thy power, ay quhil thair maistir repair the skaith.
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xii. xii. 161 Great Fido, clad in sunne-like arms, With his unmatched force repairs all former harms.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. xv §1 423 If the judge erre there, his errour can seldom be repair'd.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 432 A gen'rous heart repairs a sland'rous tongue.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxi. 263 The emperor seemed impatient to repair his injustice.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond 316 His Grace was most anxious to restore the royal race of his benefactors, and to repair his former treason.
1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel II. viii. ii. 308 I wish to repair to you any wrong, real or supposed, I may have done you in past times.
1866 Birmingham Daily Post 21 May 5/5 The peace of the civilised world will never be secure till past errors are repaired.
1914 W. H. Dawson Municipal Life & Govt. Germany ix. 233 For some years energetic measures have been taken with a view to repairing the mischief which that policy brought in its train.
1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. x. v. 173 This injustice was repaired after the lapse of years. A re-trial was ordered and he received honourable acquittal.
2006 Pembroke (Ontario) Observer (Nexis) 11 Jan. 1 The NDP would implement a program that would see youth have to repair the crimes they committed.
b. transitive. To remedy, put right (an undesirable condition or situation); to rectify, make good (a fault).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > put right (a wrong or loss)
winc1220
righta1275
astorec1300
addressa1325
reform1405
dressc1410
redressa1413
arightc1420
refound1497
richa1500
redub1531
repair1533
to make good1569
reducec1592
remend1592
to set up1610
to get up1688
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. v. 231 To repare þe dammaige þat Is hapnit be publict birning.
1565 T. Peend tr. M. Bandello Moste Notable Hist. Ld. Mandosse sig. F Hym selfe a sacryfyce, on alter of the crosse Was offered also, for to repayre ould Adams losse.
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 93 That losse is not yet repaired, the Emperor not hauing at this time aboue 5. gallies.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xv. 74 Ile repaire the misery thou dost beare With something rich about me. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 152 I can repaire That detriment. View more context for this quotation
c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 128 The one good yeare sufficiently repaires their loss.
1760 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 3 The Gauls..were altogether unskilful either in improving their victories, or repairing their defeats.
1831 E. Burton Lect. Eccl. Hist. i. xii. 374 They..made him [sc. Christ]..to have been sent into the world to repair the evil, which the Demiurgus..had caused.
1839 W. A. Chatto Treat. Wood Engraving viii. 645 The defect may be repaired by inserting a small piece of wood and re-engraving it: this..is technically termed ‘plugging’.
1857 New Monthly Mag. Nov. 370 Her bosom was thus entirely exposed... Her hands were bound: they hastened to unfasten them that she might herself repair this accidental disorder.
1937 Canad. Jrnl. Econ. & Polit. Sci. 3 378 In recent years a movement has been started to repair these defects..by a reconstruction of the theory itself.
1989 M. Lane Literary Daughters ii. 52 The damage done to Maria in infancy took a lifetime to repair.
2002 D. Lindley in W. Shakespeare Tempest 101/2 (note) [Prospero's] concern to repair Miranda's ‘ignorance’—which is also that of the audience.
c. intransitive. To make up for a wrong done. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > atone [verb (intransitive)]
abyelOE
amendc1330
to make or do asseth1340
to make a seth(e1387
make amends and sethec1420
satisfyc1425
byec1440
to do or make greec1492
syth1513
reconcile1539
respond1789
repair1886
1886 Fargus Living or Dead II. 93 I..endeavoured by the warmth of my waved adieu to repair for my show of annoyance.
8.
a. transitive. To restore (a person or group of people) to a previous state or status; (esp. in Theology) to renew spiritually, deliver from sin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restoration of a person > [verb (transitive)]
uprighta1340
to bring to (one's) statea1387
restorea1387
remount?c1400
reducec1425
redraw1480
reintegrate1495
restitutec1503
repair?1521
revocate1527
recall1567
redintegrate1578
rehabilitate1580
refetch1599
revindicate1609
re-estate1611
uprighten1618
redintegrate1622
restate1625
redeem1686
?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. D.vv Ye holy sacramentes..reneweth & repareth synners dayly.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xxxi. 4 I wil repayre the agayne (o thou doughter of Israel) that thou mayest be fast and sure.
1573 G. Gifford tr. W. Fulke Prælections xxi. 136 For as by the fall of man the whole world fell in to ruine and destruction, so also with the restoring of mankinde, the other creature shalbe repayred.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. iv. §4. 246 To repaire himselfe hee could find no way safer, than to put all to aduenture.
1646 E. Fisher Marrow Mod. Divin. (ed. 2) 25 Such a..person that had..compassion toward man that he might be repaired.
1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. iii. 124 Prometheus is said to have repaired and restored Mankind.
1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) li. xix Then hear the contrite Sinner's Prayer, And every ruin'd Soul repair.
1791 W. Heckford Succinct Acct. All Relig. i. xvi. 78 Deucalion and Pyrrha..took the stones, which they made use of, to repair mankind.
1855 Altar at Home vii. 41 Thine the sleep which hath relieved our cares, and soothed our hearts, and repaired us with fresh strength.
b. transitive. To compensate or make amends to (a person) for a misfortune or wrong done. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > put right (a wrong or loss) > put right a wrong against (a person)
rightOE
amendc1300
remedy1414
redressc1450
repaira1578
disendamage1655
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 129 To be revengit or ellis repairit of all oppressiouns and iniurieis committit.
1612 W. Strachey Lawes in P. Force Tracts (1844) III. ii. 22 He may be committed, who for the first offence shall suffer three daies imprisonment, and make the officer wronged, satisfaction before his squadron to repaire him, and satisfie him, without base submission, which may vnworthy him to carry Armes.
1647 T. May Hist. Parl. ii. iii. 52 He accounts himself injured by the Parliament, in not repairing him against Hotham.
1691 S. Bethel Providences of God 54 I had great Misfortunes, and..this was a ready way to repair me.
c. transitive. To save, deliver from something. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)]
areddec885
leeseOE
reddOE
winc1220
deliver?c1225
ridc1225
quita1250
betellc1275
casta1300
to cast outa1300
liverc1330
rescuec1330
wrechec1330
borrowc1350
to put out of ——c1350
to bring awaya1400
redea1400
wreakc1400
rescourec1425
rescousa1450
savec1480
relue1483
salue1484
redeem1488
recovera1500
redressa1500
eschewc1500
rescours1511
to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526
recourse1533
withtakec1540
redeem1549
vindicate1568
retire1578
repair1591
reprieve1605
to bring off1609
1591 R. Southwell Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares f. 38 Could thy loue repaire thee from his rage?
d. transitive (reflexive). To compensate oneself for a loss or outlay. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1617 T. Taylor Davids Learning v. 123 What? shall a man consider of his houses, rents, fields or garments? and take no time to repaire himselfe, and hurts sustained by inconsideratenesse?
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xc. 183 The Prince should pay his forfeiture,..of whom he might at his leasure repair himself.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Chester 189 He repaired himself by a gainfull composition with the Indians, for the losses he had sustained by the Turkes.
1693 N. Tate tr. P. Coste Life Lewis Bourbon i. 58 He thought he might repair himself by a Battel, for the Loss of a Town which he had not time to rescue.
9. transitive. To make exact. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > exactly or precisely
justify1556
repair1691
register1887
1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 124 All the forementioned Incurvations are to be trimmed and repaired by reconciled lines.
10. intransitive. To change oneself for the better; to reform oneself. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform [verb (intransitive)]
risec1175
amenda1275
menda1400
reform1582
reclaim1625
to turn down a leaf1633
to take up1661
repair1748
mend1782
to go straight1888
to straighten up1891
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. xlix. 190 Marry and repair, at any time. This (wretch that I was!) was my plea to myself.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1390n.21425v.1a1325v.2a1387
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