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reproofn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French reproefe, repreuve. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reproefe, repreofe, reproef, reprove, reproeve and Middle French repreuve, reprouve reproach, cause for reproach, shame, dishonour, disgrace (13th cent. in Old French) < reprover reprove v.1 Compare reprove v.1, reproving n.On the form history see discussion at proof n. 1. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] α. a1375 (c1350) (1867) 652 (MED) Alisandrine..bi-þouȝt hire ful busily howe best were to werche..properly vnparceyued for reproue after. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 1 (MED) Vnneþe forsoþe is þer eny booke þat fleeth reproof [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. reprehencioun]. a1450 (Vesp.) (1902) 1230 (MED) If ane wil not mend her so, Opyn reprofe falis hir vnto. a1500 (?a1425) tr. (Lamb.) 189 Reprowe was founde for amendement of hym that Is reprowid. a1538 T. Starkey (1989) 93 They may abuse them selfe in al vayn lustys & vanyte wythout punyschement or reprove of any degre. 1569 R. Grafton II. 662 In reproofe of Jasper Erle of Penbroke, he created William Lord Herbert Erle of the same place. 1611 Prov. xv. 5 A foole despiseth his fathers instruction: but hee that regardeth reproofe, is prudent. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. ii. 33 A Mallice, that..would plucke reproofe and rebuke from euery Eare that heard it. View more context for this quotation 1654 R. Whitlock 384 Pride..jealousie..or other Distastives incident to that part of advise, called Reproofe. 1711 A. Pope 33 Those best can bear Reproof, who merit Praise. 1778 16 Advice is well enough—reproof's a bore. 1846 C. Dickens (1848) ii. 9 Mrs. Chick contented herself with a glance of reproof. 1887 1 Oct. 1303 Without reproof from the priest or rebuke from country-side opinion. 1937 A. Christie xiv. 144 ‘Your problem interests me,’ said Poirot with a touch of reproof in his manner. 2006 25 June 16/1 Although the dawdling activity it describes may be deserving of mild reproof, the word itself..deserves a place in formal discourse. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] > instance of α. c1400 J. Wyclif (1871) III. 231 (MED) Crist was more innocent þen any freris ben and suffred more reproves of his gode dedes. c1460 (McClean) (1960) 46 (MED) An eere of myghtier strength þat þou may suffre to be wiedid bi scharp rebewkyng and reprovis. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil i. Prol. 452 Of resoun me behuvis Excuse Chaucer fra all maner repruvis. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Matt. ix. 41 Unto this manifest and false reprofe..Jesus aunswered verey gentelye. 1645 J. Marsh 11 She her reproofs with sweetnesse enterlines. 1692 R. L'Estrange ccxvii. 190 Here's a Reproof to Men of Sensuality and Pleasure. 1719 19 Jan. 1/2 If it be the Right and Privilege of the Burgesses..to manifest a disregard to the Interest of the Crown..I must then own my reproofs heretofore ought to be spared. 1794 A. Radcliffe I. xiii. 335 How have I deserved these reproofs! 1850 J. Inglis 178 Perhaps three public reproofs should be administered, before expulsion is resorted to. 1879 F. W. Farrar I. vi. xxiii. 445 A reproof is intolerable when it is administered out of pride or hatred. 1919 S. Anderson 149 She..wrote down a series of sharp, stinging reproofs she intended to pour out upon him. 1995 7 Oct. 15/3 Penalties can range from a private reproof to disbarment. †2. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] α. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xi. 2 I drawe out þe riȝt eeȝen of ȝou alle, & I putte ȝou reproof in al israel. a1425 (?a1350) (Galba) (1907) 3197 (MED) Þou wirkis to þi reproue Onence þi son, þat þou sold loue. a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5555 Thurgh defaute of hym er þai In grete reprove. c1475 (1969) 874 Mercy..Ȝe be compacient to my inexcusabyll reprowe. a1500 (1870) 1252 Madem, I wot that for to loue yone knycht,..It war to yow no maner of Reprwe. 1569 II. 56 Under the pane of repruif, infamy, and perjurie. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. i. 91 She did betray me to my owne reproofe . View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne (1953) VI. 329 If..thou returne..to the re-pursuite of those halfe-repented sins..This is a reproofe. c1650 (a1500) (Percy) (1933) 1727 It were too great reprove and shame To be discovered by my name. 1765 C. Smart tr. lxix. 62 This shame, reproof, and foul disgrace So justly made my own. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > [noun] > source of discredit or discrediting circumstance > person or thing causing discredit c1436 Duke Burgundy (Rome) 3 in R. H. Robbins (1959) 86 (MED) O thou Phelippe..Repref of al knyghthode..Thou clepist thiself duc. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 130 in (1967) 18 Schaw now thy shame,..schaw thyn endyt, repruf [1579 Edinb. reprufe] of rethoryis. †3. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > insult > [noun] α. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xvii. 10 I haue ȝiuen reproof [a1425 L.V. schenschip] to þe cumpanyes of israel to day. a1400 (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 97 Bereawey fro me reprof and despyt. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif (1871) III. 336 (MED) Prelatis..cursen so faste for here owene cause and wordly muk, and not for reprofe don to Crist and his majeste. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xiv. 4 Reprofe that was sayd agayns men, he accept it noght. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1895) II. 284 Lenox selfe thay cast doune to the Jnglis schipis farr of with gret reprofe. 1602 T. Heywood sig. Dv My sonne not like a husband gaue her words Of great reproofe, despight, and contumely. a1679 M. Poole (1683) I. (Isa. xviii. 9) sig. 9I4v/2 By way of scoff, reproof, or disdainful insulting. ?a1737 W. Hals (?1750) xlix. 113 With the greatest Contempt, Reproof and Scorn, imaginable he sent them back to the Pict their Master. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > insult > [noun] > an insult α. c1400 (Rawl. B. 171) 258 (MED) Harmes, shames, and reprofes haue falle vnto þe Kyng. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 1 He sufferd many reprufes [?a1425 Titus C. 16 repreuynges] and scornes by vs. 1480 W. Caxton cxcviii. 176 They cast vpon hym many snowe balles and many other reproues dyd him. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxxii. 4 Oure saule trauayls in reprofis and oure body in passiouns. 1584 E. Paget tr. J. Calvin 395 The word of God is in daunger of so many reproofes, taunts, and furious scornes: because euery man striueth for the defence of their own sinnes. 1611 J. Cartwright 25 The King..sent him away with this skornefull reproofe: That an Armenian now was good for nought, saue as a Camel to transport merchandise. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > object of contempt a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Judith vii. 16 Betere it is..than wee die, and be repref to alle flesh. c1450 (a1400) R. Lavynham (Harl. 211) (1956) 5 Our lif is ful of mochil wo: þerfor we arn repreef to hem þat ben plentewos. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxi. 5 I am a worm and noght man, reproue of men and outkastynge of folke. 1535 Psalms xxx. 11 I am become a very reprofe amonge all myne enemies. 1602 tr. G. Corrozet 259 The vertuous do hold it in no sort lawfull to leaue vertue, vnlesse they will wholly yeeld themselues to be a scorne and reproofe to the whole world. †4. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xx. 8 Don is the sermoun of the Lord to me in to repref [a1425 L.V. in to schenschip; L. in opprobrium]. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. iii. 2 It bihoueth a byschop for to be irreprehensyble, or withoute reproue. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 267 It is reproue and contrarie of honour For to ben holden a comune hasardour. c1440 (Thornton) (1913) 50 Ȝe knawe..thyngez þat ere for to come, and þare-fore all thyngez þat ȝe doo, ȝe do it wit-owten any lakke or repreue. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxix. 62 All thyng..shold ben..good, and commendable, that noo repreef were founden therin. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil i. Prol. 435 That war repreif to thair diuinite, And na reproche vnto the said Enee. 1567 (1897) 31 Do gude for euill, and leid zour lyfe Without reprufe. 1695 J. Smith 62 The Work is not perform'd with that Exactness as to be in every part without Reproof. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > [noun] > condition of being censured a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 419 Yf þat I..Had loued oþer hym or Achilles..Ye nold han had no mercy ne mesure On me, but alwey had me in repreue. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. 151 (MED) Sour lond, to weet, or salt is, neuer delue, And alwey thristy drilond in repreue is [L. improbatur]. a1525 A. Cadiou tr. A. Chartier Porteous Noblenes in W. A. Craigie (1923) I. 178 Ane man hatit liffis allway in gret repref. c1550 (1830) i. 295 I will..have ȝow in moir haitret and reproufe Nor of befor I had ȝow into luife. society > authority > punishment > [noun] > pain or suffering inflicted as ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena (Harl.) (1966) 272 (MED) With greet repreef in þe eende of her deeþ þei schulen be sent of me to eendelees peyne. ?c1450 (1891) l. 5571 (MED) He was tane..And to þe kyng led as a thefe, To suffre reprofe and mykil grefe. a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 224 (MED) The dede..mowe by oure helpes..be delyuered fro that hydous fyre and reproue of beggynge and come to the euerlastynge ioye. 1565 J. Hall 34 And he shall be a happy man That with suche lyke agayne Shall the rewarde, as thou didst vs, With great reprofe and payne. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in 272/1 There were shewed vnto hym manye thynges for the reproofe of that vnresonable and detestable heresye. 1584 J. Rainolds & J. Hart vii. 409 Vpon the letters he frameth a reproofe of Constantines donation. 1612 T. Taylor (ii. 14) 534 All proofes & reproofes must be fetched from the Scriptures. 1667 Bp. J. Taylor (title page) In..reproof and conviction of the Roman errors. 1739 C. Labelye 38 As to the many false Reports..I leave the Piers of Westminster-Bridge, to give them the strongest Reproofs. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante III. iii. 3 By proof of right, and of the false reproof. 1918 II. 319/1 The subject of reproof, i.e. the refutation of error, the discovery of sin, the convincing and convicting of the wrongdoer.., is mentioned frequently in the Bible. Derivatives the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > insult > [adjective] 1609 sig. G2 This critique is hoarsh, vnsauerie, and reproofeful. 1847 5 211 ‘Sir,’ said he, bending his reproofful eye on Sheamus, ‘you must quit that farm.’ 1857 H. A. Murray (ed. 2) xxvi. 383 The next spokesman was a clerical slaveholder, with a..sanctified, reproof-ful voice. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > irreproachable 1832 J. Eagles 36 He..gives his reproofless recommendation in perfect accordance with the view taken of that matter by the Member. 1843 Apr. 18 The rapt wires of his reproofless harp. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) 1 Esdras Prol. l. 6 Þe studeys of enuyous men neiȝen to þis, þat alle thing þat wee wrijten wenyn repref worþi. 1659 J. Fergusson i. ii. 72 When Peter falleth in a sin reproof-worthy,..Paul doth freely and boldly give testimony against his sinful course. 1794 W. Huntington 9 To conform to all that venerable society, by conniving at some reproof-worthy, countenancing others who ought to be shunned, and cutting at others out of complaisance to the rest. 1971 J. J. Wilhelm ix. 357 (margin) Reprevable, reproof-worthy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reproofv. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, proof v. Etymology: < re- prefix + proof v. society > communication > printing > correction > correct [verb (transitive)] > proofs the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of bread > prepare bread [verb (transitive)] > prove the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > proof > in specific way 1850 24 May What is sent to us in manuscript is, after being set in type, reproofed and sent to the Journal office. 1922 6 Nov. 2 (advt.) Dirty weatherproofs cleaned and reproofed. 1971 Spring 55/1 If we have an ad that was originally proofed in the Group II inks, it will cost double to reproof in Group IV inks. 1987 6 July 34/2 A bread line machine..will mix, divide, round, proof, and form dough that can then be reproofed if necessary and baked. 1994 June 79/3 The guns can be adapted, of course, and re-proofed; that could be regarded as a sort of ‘re-manufacturing’ which wipes out the original date of manufacture. 2008 (Nexis) 22 May (Extra section) 10 Tips included reproofing raincoats by rubbing beeswax over the inside, then ironing. Derivatives 1912 10 Sept. 20/1 Expensive revisions and re-proofing. 2000 P. Whitefield 16 After a few years, the canvas may need reproofing. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : re-proofn.2 <  n.1a1375 v.1850see also |
