residuumn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈzɪdjʊəm/,

/rᵻˈzɪdʒʊəm/, U.S.

/rəˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəm/,

/riˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəm/

Inflections: Plural residua, residuums.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin residuum.

Etymology: < classical Latin residuum that which remains, remnant, remainder, something that remains to be done or experienced, time that has yet to elapse, outstanding debt, use as noun of neuter of residuus persisting, surviving, residual, that remains to be done, outstanding, remaining < residēre reside v.¹ + -uus , suffix forming adjectives. Compare earlier residual n., residue n.In quot. 1636 at sense 1a translating ancient Greek ἀποτομή (see apotome n.).

a. That which remains; a residue; a remainder. Chiefly of immaterial things, and sometimes with more or less direct allusion to sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun]

bilevena1325

reliefa1382

residuea1382

remanant?a1400

remanence?a1425

remanent?a1425

remainc1430

remainant1430

rest?1440

remainingc1480

remainer1519

remanet?a1527

remainder1560

resident1581

residuum1636

restancy1667

residual1839

1636 W. Bedwell tr. P. Ramus Via Regia ad Geometriam xiv. 174 Euclide calleth each of these segments..Residuum, a Residuall or remaine.

1672 T. Jacombe Several Serm. Rom. ix. 199 God..lets out so much of these corruptions..and the residuum or overplus he keeps in.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 93 That residuum of natural liberty.

1802 T. Jefferson Let. 1 Apr. in Wks. (1905) IX. 360 The residuum of money remaining in the treasury.

1848 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) I. vi. 287 His reasonings..are not, therefore, vitiated by the residuum of error which we reject.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 240 To us there seems to be no residuum of this long piece of dialectics.

1911 W. James Some Probl. Philos. i. 10 What men call ‘philosophy’ to-day is but the residuum of questions still unanswered.

1961 P. Weiss Nine Basic Arts Introd. 7 An artist takes his work to be a residuum of the creative process.

2004 J. Thomas Archaeol. & Modernity ix. 212 Style, as the residuum of formal variation that cannot be accounted for in functional terms, provided a means of defining ‘types’ of artefacts.

b. People of the lowest class considered collectively; the masses, the poor. Now historical.In quot. 1840 part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > persons of the lowest class (collectively)

chenaille1340

offal?a1425

putaylea1425

ribaldail1489

abject1526

offscouring1526

dreg1531

outsweeping1535

braggery1548

ribaldry1550

raff1557

sink1574

cattle1579

offscum1579

rabble1579

baggagery1589

scum1590

waste1592

menialty1593

baggage1603

froth1603

refuse1603

tag-rag1609

retriment1615

trasha1616

recrement1622

silts1636

garbage1648

riffle-raffle1668

raffle1670

riff-raff1678

scurf1688

mob1693

scouring1721

ribble-rabble1771

sweeping1799

clamjamphrie1816

ragabash1823

scruff1836

residuum1851

talent1882

1840 Fraser's Mag. June 702/1 A bait rich and attractive enough to every dishonest peculator;..the froth of St. Giles' and the residuum of St. James'—roués of desperate fortunes, and blacklegs on their last legs.]

1851 Times 26 Sept. 4/6 The great sum which fills the multiplying emigrant-ships..leaves a large residuum in every town.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxi. 71 The ignorant masses of such great cities as New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Chicago,..answer better to what is called in England ‘the residuum’.

1905 F. C. Howe City xv. 237 As a matter of justice, this residuum should be relieved from the consequences of the industrial and social maladjustment which tends to cast it into the scrap heap.

1934 W. E. Williams Rise Gladstone to Leadership of Liberal Party vi. 73 The nature of his profession and his fear of the ‘residuum’ are enough to refute the charge.

2002 G. Eley Forging Democracy xii. 194 Social Democrats took a didactic and patronizing view of the working-class poor, separating respectable working families from the rough and disorderly residuum.

2. Law. = residue n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > that which is inherited > residue of an estate

remainder1394

remnantc1400

residue1411

remainera1450

remainder over1523

remanant1528

particular estate1590

remaindment1629

subtract1641

residuum1663

1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xiii. 497 The Father having no brethren, the inheritance was to be to the inheritance that was next to him of his family, who was counted residuum, a part, and the remaining part of himself.

1743 Swinburne's Testaments (ed. 6) i. 40 One of the Daughters of the Testator sued for her distributive Part of the Residuum.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 514 When all the debts and particular legacies are discharged, the surplus or residuum must be paid to the residuary legatee.

1842 H. J. Stephen New Comm. Laws Eng. II. 250 In relation to the residuum which may be in the hands of the administrator.

1893 Yale Law Jrnl. 2 170 This whole section of the will depended for its effect on the existence of a residuum.

1932 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. & Amer. Law Reg. 80 1035 The decedent designs to bequeath in a true residuary clause only that residuum of his property which remains after previous gifts have been satisfied.

1973 Amer. Jrnl. Legal Hist. 17 107 After the payment of funeral expenses and debts, the residuum of personalty would be divided between the widow..and the children.

2006 Chicago Daily Law Bull. (Nexis) 12 Oct. She assumed the residuum would be enough to cover all of the federal taxes.

a. Science. That which remains after a process of combustion, evaporation, digestion, etc.; a deposit, a sediment; a waste or residual product; = residue n. 4. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > [noun] > solid matter left after evaporation, etc.

magma?1440

residuum1687

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > leavings after main part exhausted > after a process

residuum1687

hinder end1825

1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 145 [This]..plainly discovers it an Animal substance, though it affords much less than the Calculus Humanus does: and by consequence gives us a much larger proportion of Caput Mortuum or Residuum in the Retort.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 52 The residuum of Tinemouth sea water was some degrees brighter.

1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 69 433 The residuums of air that remained unabsorbed were more or less phlogisticated.

1809 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 ii. 336 The solid residuum,..being ignited in a platinum crucible, became nearly white.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 822 The residuum of the pyrites is turned to account in Sweden.

1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. i. 4 You could not evaporate the truth..and then show the residuum of falsehood glittering and visible.

1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids Introd. p. xv Of all the extractive composite residua the alkaloids of animal origin..are worthy of the deepest interest.

1959 H. F. Williamson & A. R. Daum Amer. Petroleum Industry x. 245 A fine, tarry substance left in stills along with coke after the completion of distillation, residuum had remained largely a waste product except for occasional use as a boiler fuel.

1978 Nature 16 Mar. 241/1 Rocks of granodioritic composition subjected to pressures appropriate to a depth of 35 km (about 10 kbar) begin to melt at a temperature close to 700°C leaving a dry and refractory residuum.

1997 G. Ottonello Princ. Geochem. x. 696 The melting proportions of solid phases differ from the modal proportions in the initial solid, so that the modal composition of the residuum is progressively modified throughout the process.

b. Physical Geography. A deposit or sediment left by weathering, flooding, etc. Cf. residual adj. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > other soils

white earth1448

Chiltern?1530

light land1589

deads1653

rosil1691

moorland1753

prairie soil1817

residuum1828

rendzina1905

podzol1908

solonetz1924

solod1925

solonchak1925

pedalfer1928

pedocal1928

skeletal soil1932

peloid1933

sierozem1934

planosol1938

lithosol1939

regosol1949

andosol1958

Alfisol1960

Aridisol1960

Histosol1960

Spodosol1960

Andisol1978

1828 Cornish Mag. Apr. 97/2 An alluvial deposit, or the residuum of floods.

1888 W. J. McGee Geol. Head Chesapeake Bay iii. 565 Its soil..is a residuum derived from hornblendic and chloritic schist.

1920 S. Weller Geol. Hardin County x. 232 Surficial material is that which has accumulated..through the agency of the transportive power of the streams. The source of the material is the residuum.

1963 Jrnl. Paleontol. 37 1074/2 Some of the fossils that occur in the residuum are known from horizons in the middle and upper parts of the Redwall.

1999 Castanea 64 18 The combination of rock and ice falls have..produced a layer of sandy residuum.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	residuum
释义	residuumn. Brit. /rᵻˈzɪdjʊəm/, /rᵻˈzɪdʒʊəm/, U.S. /rəˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəm/, /riˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəm/ Inflections: Plural residua, residuums. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin residuum. Etymology: < classical Latin residuum that which remains, remnant, remainder, something that remains to be done or experienced, time that has yet to elapse, outstanding debt, use as noun of neuter of residuus persisting, surviving, residual, that remains to be done, outstanding, remaining < residēre reside v.¹ + -uus , suffix forming adjectives. Compare earlier residual n., residue n.In quot. 1636 at sense 1a translating ancient Greek ἀποτομή (see apotome n.). 1. a. That which remains; a residue; a remainder. Chiefly of immaterial things, and sometimes with more or less direct allusion to sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] bilevena1325 reliefa1382 residuea1382 remanant?a1400 remanence?a1425 remanent?a1425 remainc1430 remainant1430 rest?1440 remainingc1480 remainer1519 remanet?a1527 remainder1560 resident1581 residuum1636 restancy1667 residual1839 1636 W. Bedwell tr. P. Ramus Via Regia ad Geometriam xiv. 174 Euclide calleth each of these segments..Residuum, a Residuall or remaine. 1672 T. Jacombe Several Serm. Rom. ix. 199 God..lets out so much of these corruptions..and the residuum or overplus he keeps in. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 93 That residuum of natural liberty. 1802 T. Jefferson Let. 1 Apr. in Wks. (1905) IX. 360 The residuum of money remaining in the treasury. 1848 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) I. vi. 287 His reasonings..are not, therefore, vitiated by the residuum of error which we reject. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 240 To us there seems to be no residuum of this long piece of dialectics. 1911 W. James Some Probl. Philos. i. 10 What men call ‘philosophy’ to-day is but the residuum of questions still unanswered. 1961 P. Weiss Nine Basic Arts Introd. 7 An artist takes his work to be a residuum of the creative process. 2004 J. Thomas Archaeol. & Modernity ix. 212 Style, as the residuum of formal variation that cannot be accounted for in functional terms, provided a means of defining ‘types’ of artefacts. b. People of the lowest class considered collectively; the masses, the poor. Now historical.In quot. 1840 part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > persons of the lowest class (collectively) chenaille1340 offal?a1425 putaylea1425 ribaldail1489 abject1526 offscouring1526 dreg1531 outsweeping1535 braggery1548 ribaldry1550 raff1557 sink1574 cattle1579 offscum1579 rabble1579 baggagery1589 scum1590 waste1592 menialty1593 baggage1603 froth1603 refuse1603 tag-rag1609 retriment1615 trasha1616 recrement1622 silts1636 garbage1648 riffle-raffle1668 raffle1670 riff-raff1678 scurf1688 mob1693 scouring1721 ribble-rabble1771 sweeping1799 clamjamphrie1816 ragabash1823 scruff1836 residuum1851 talent1882 1840 Fraser's Mag. June 702/1 A bait rich and attractive enough to every dishonest peculator;..the froth of St. Giles' and the residuum of St. James'—roués of desperate fortunes, and blacklegs on their last legs.] 1851 Times 26 Sept. 4/6 The great sum which fills the multiplying emigrant-ships..leaves a large residuum in every town. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxi. 71 The ignorant masses of such great cities as New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Chicago,..answer better to what is called in England ‘the residuum’. 1905 F. C. Howe City xv. 237 As a matter of justice, this residuum should be relieved from the consequences of the industrial and social maladjustment which tends to cast it into the scrap heap. 1934 W. E. Williams Rise Gladstone to Leadership of Liberal Party vi. 73 The nature of his profession and his fear of the ‘residuum’ are enough to refute the charge. 2002 G. Eley Forging Democracy xii. 194 Social Democrats took a didactic and patronizing view of the working-class poor, separating respectable working families from the rough and disorderly residuum. 2. Law. = residue n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > that which is inherited > residue of an estate remainder1394 remnantc1400 residue1411 remainera1450 remainder over1523 remanant1528 particular estate1590 remaindment1629 subtract1641 residuum1663 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xiii. 497 The Father having no brethren, the inheritance was to be to the inheritance that was next to him of his family, who was counted residuum, a part, and the remaining part of himself. 1743 Swinburne's Testaments (ed. 6) i. 40 One of the Daughters of the Testator sued for her distributive Part of the Residuum. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 514 When all the debts and particular legacies are discharged, the surplus or residuum must be paid to the residuary legatee. 1842 H. J. Stephen New Comm. Laws Eng. II. 250 In relation to the residuum which may be in the hands of the administrator. 1893 Yale Law Jrnl. 2 170 This whole section of the will depended for its effect on the existence of a residuum. 1932 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. & Amer. Law Reg. 80 1035 The decedent designs to bequeath in a true residuary clause only that residuum of his property which remains after previous gifts have been satisfied. 1973 Amer. Jrnl. Legal Hist. 17 107 After the payment of funeral expenses and debts, the residuum of personalty would be divided between the widow..and the children. 2006 Chicago Daily Law Bull. (Nexis) 12 Oct. She assumed the residuum would be enough to cover all of the federal taxes. 3. a. Science. That which remains after a process of combustion, evaporation, digestion, etc.; a deposit, a sediment; a waste or residual product; = residue n. 4. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > [noun] > solid matter left after evaporation, etc. magma?1440 residuum1687 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > leavings after main part exhausted > after a process residuum1687 hinder end1825 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 145 [This]..plainly discovers it an Animal substance, though it affords much less than the Calculus Humanus does: and by consequence gives us a much larger proportion of Caput Mortuum or Residuum in the Retort. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 52 The residuum of Tinemouth sea water was some degrees brighter. 1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 69 433 The residuums of air that remained unabsorbed were more or less phlogisticated. 1809 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 ii. 336 The solid residuum,..being ignited in a platinum crucible, became nearly white. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 822 The residuum of the pyrites is turned to account in Sweden. 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1872) 3rd Ser. i. 4 You could not evaporate the truth..and then show the residuum of falsehood glittering and visible. 1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids Introd. p. xv Of all the extractive composite residua the alkaloids of animal origin..are worthy of the deepest interest. 1959 H. F. Williamson & A. R. Daum Amer. Petroleum Industry x. 245 A fine, tarry substance left in stills along with coke after the completion of distillation, residuum had remained largely a waste product except for occasional use as a boiler fuel. 1978 Nature 16 Mar. 241/1 Rocks of granodioritic composition subjected to pressures appropriate to a depth of 35 km (about 10 kbar) begin to melt at a temperature close to 700°C leaving a dry and refractory residuum. 1997 G. Ottonello Princ. Geochem. x. 696 The melting proportions of solid phases differ from the modal proportions in the initial solid, so that the modal composition of the residuum is progressively modified throughout the process. b. Physical Geography. A deposit or sediment left by weathering, flooding, etc. Cf. residual adj. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > other soils white earth1448 Chiltern?1530 light land1589 deads1653 rosil1691 moorland1753 prairie soil1817 residuum1828 rendzina1905 podzol1908 solonetz1924 solod1925 solonchak1925 pedalfer1928 pedocal1928 skeletal soil1932 peloid1933 sierozem1934 planosol1938 lithosol1939 regosol1949 andosol1958 Alfisol1960 Aridisol1960 Histosol1960 Spodosol1960 Andisol1978 1828 Cornish Mag. Apr. 97/2 An alluvial deposit, or the residuum of floods. 1888 W. J. McGee Geol. Head Chesapeake Bay iii. 565 Its soil..is a residuum derived from hornblendic and chloritic schist. 1920 S. Weller Geol. Hardin County x. 232 Surficial material is that which has accumulated..through the agency of the transportive power of the streams. The source of the material is the residuum. 1963 Jrnl. Paleontol. 37 1074/2 Some of the fossils that occur in the residuum are known from horizons in the middle and upper parts of the Redwall. 1999 Castanea 64 18 The combination of rock and ice falls have..produced a layer of sandy residuum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1636
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