residuen.

Brit.

/ˈrɛzᵻdjuː/,

/ˈrɛzᵻdʒuː/, U.S.

/ˈrɛzəˌd(j)u/

Forms: Middle English recedu, Middle English recidue, Middle English ressedew, Middle English resyduwe, Middle English resydw, Middle English–1500s resedew, Middle English–1500s resedewe, Middle English–1500s resedue, Middle English–1500s resydewe, Middle English–1500s resydu, Middle English–1600s resideu, Middle English–1600s residew, Middle English–1600s residewe, Middle English–1600s residu, Middle English–1600s resydew, Middle English–1600s resydue, Middle English– residue, late Middle English resude (transmission error), 1500s recydue, 1500s resdew, 1500s resdewe, 1500s resedeve, 1500s resedu, 1500s resideue, 1500s resydeue, 1500s resydwe, 1500s risidewe, 1500s–1600s reasidue, 1500s–1600s resdue, 1500s–1600s risidue; Scottish pre-1700 recedew, pre-1700 resedew, pre-1700 residew, pre-1700 residewe, pre-1700 1700s– residue.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French residue, residu; Latin residuum.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman residue (masculine and feminine) and Middle French residu (French résidu ) (masculine) remainder (in a computation) (1331), (more generally) remainder, rest (c1370), remainder of one's goods (first half of the 15th cent.), also residue (feminine) remainder, rest (a1400) and its etymon classical Latin residuum residuum n. Compare Catalan residu (1507), Spanish residuo (14th cent.), Portuguese residuo (15th cent.), Italian residuo (a1348). Compare residue adj. In sense 3b after post-classical Latin residuum and residuum quadraticum ( C. F. Gauss Disquisitiones arithmeticae (1801) iv. 93). In sense 3c after French résidu ( A. L. Cauchy Exercices mathématiques (1826) I. 11). In sense 5 after French résidu (Gerhardt 1839; compare loi des résidus (C. Gerhardt 1845, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 20 1031)). In sense 6 after Italian residuo ( V. Pareto Trattato di sociologia generale (1916) 440; compare quot. 1935).

1. The remainder, the rest; that which is left.

a. Of things.method of residues: see method n. 3e.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun]

bilevena1325

reliefa1382

residuea1382

remanant?a1400

remanence?a1425

remanent?a1425

remainc1430

remainant1430

rest?1440

remainingc1480

remainer1519

remanet?a1527

remainder1560

resident1581

residuum1636

restancy1667

residual1839

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxxi. 14 Wheþer haue we eny þing of resydewe [L. residui] in facultese & herytage of þe house of our fader?

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vii. 92 (MED) My dettis ben quyt..And wiþ þe residue [v.r. resude] & þe remenaunt..I wile worsshipe þerewiþ treuþe.

J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) 568 (MED) For that this matere ys obscure..I pase schortly..and now the resydu vp to descriue, I pray yow off pacyens.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope viii After this..the sellar demaunded of the byar the resydue.

a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 60 (MED) Take and boyle efros in pelletes in swete wyne..wast half, and of the residue euery mornyng put a sponefull in thi mouth.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxvii. 231 In grete payne & mysery we must vse the resydew of our lyues.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1716 If with moderate fare they were contented They might..save the residue of all their wealth.

1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 252 In the residue of the fifth verse.

1718 Free-thinker No. 7. 2 Nothing farther could be done unless the Residue was forth-coming.

1780 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett II. 43 If you looked him in the face, or, more properly..in the residue of his face.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 10 A slight repast had therefore been tricked up from the residue of dinner.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 199 Others assume that it is..the residue of the heat which the earth originally possessed.

1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. v. 251 A residue of untraced words which have led some scholars..to postulate a non-Indo-European strain in the early vocabulary.

1975 Language 51 561 A considerable residue of cases still remains which must be analysed.

2000 A. Rauch Hieroglyph of Trad. i. 30 They [sc. feelings] are the residue of an experience that cannot be remembered consciously.

b. Of persons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest > of persons

lavea1000

the other deal1258

remanantc1330

remnanta1375

reliefa1382

residuea1382

remanent1446

remain1483

remaindera1547

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xi. 11 The lord..shal ley to his hond to welde the residue [L. residuum] of his puple.

?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 25589 (MED) Þe resideu..Þat lefte after in your contres..had neuer grace ffor durande tim defende þar place.

1474–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 3rd Roll §32. m. 17 The said Henry Bodrugan..the residue of the same Britons yet kepeth in prisone.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. ZZZii^v On this maner the pore vnlerned fysshers, Petre, Johan, Andrewe, & Iames were taught, and the residewe of that holy couent.

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 21^v Both..promist not to faile, Themselves to come, and bid the residue.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 113 The residue of Britans remaining alive, withdrew themselves.

1683 I. Walton Chalkhill's Thealma & Clearchus 53 Six he slew, And so dismaid the fearful residue, That down the Hill they fled.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 67 The residue of the conquer'd People fled to their Canoes.

1792 R. Burns Let. 10 Sept. (2003) II. 146 An inescapable & inexorable Hell, expanding its leviathan jaws for the vast residue of Mortals!

1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 7 A number of men mounted guard,..while the residue..employed themselves below in dragging up the barges and canoes.

1851 Glasgow Herald 31 Oct. 3/3 There are also causes of attraction to America..for the residue of the Catholic celts of Ireland.

1938 Geogr. Jrnl. 91 226 A large residue of unemployed at present lingers in districts where mining cannot absorb it again.

1953 J. Vernant Refugee in Post-War World p. ix There is still a considerable residue of refugees in Europe left over after the disappearance of the International Refugee Organization.

2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 Mar. 12/4 The few younger members of the Society have a hard time relating to the large residue of older Jesuits.

†c. in (also for) the residue: for the rest, as to the remainder. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > as for the rest [phrase]

in (also for) the residue1532

(as) for (also to) the rest1545

au reste1752

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere iii. p. cccxii In all the resydew men were taught by the holy goste.

1548 N. Bodrugan Epitome Title to Souereigntie Scotl. 249 In the residue it was not my mynde to trifle with the fine flowers of Rethorike.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxi^v For the residue they committe all that euer they haue vnto the Emperour.

1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue p. lxix In the residue, he entreateth a better aspecte of the Planets, to the end, that either his life may bee inclined to a more happie course, or his death be hastned.

†d. The leavings of a destructive agent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > remains > after destructive agency

residue1560

wreck1713

1560 Bible (Geneva) Joel i. 4 The residue [Hebrew yeṯer, L. residuum] of the canker-worm hathe the caterpiller eaten.

1575 J. Banister Needefull Treat. Chyrurg. i. f. 2^v The cankred rottennes, the inflammation of bloude, the canker, and residue of that sort, are of the kinde of effectes besides nature.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Joel i. 4 The residue [L. residuum] of the locust hath the bruke eaten.

2. Law. That which remains of an estate after all charges, debts, and bequests have been paid; †also as a count noun.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > that which is inherited > residue of an estate

remainder1394

remnantc1400

residue1411

remainera1450

remainder over1523

remanant1528

particular estate1590

remaindment1629

subtract1641

residuum1663

1411 Will in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 216 (MED) Y be-queþe al þe Resydue of my godys to Jone my wyff.

1454 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 134 (MED) Yf my seide goodes, Residues, and dettis may not suffice ther-to, than y wul that myn Executours..modefye suche thynggis as ys set and lymet afore.

1470 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 186 (MED) The residu I bequeth to myn executours.

1529 Will of Thomas Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 63 The residue of all my goodes, catalles, and debttes not bequethed..I will shalbe sold.

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 115 He to whom all or the residue is bequeathed, is thereby vnderstood to be made executor.

1641 Office & Dutie Executors 132 The said Christopher Eyre..by his last will and testament..gives to the said Hester his wife all the residue of his estate.

1668 W. Prynne Exact Chronol. Vindic. III. Ep. Ded. sig. a^v The King and Lords..were to divide the residue of the Intestates goods amongst his Wife and Children if he had any.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 492 Then the residue of the goods shall go to the executor to perform the will of the deceased.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) V. 499 It was still the same residue remaining in the wife, which she had not disposed of before.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 585 Legacy and Residue Duties.

1896 M. W. Goodwin Dolly Madison iii. 43 The residue of the estate was to be divided equally among his five grandchildren.

1934 Yale Law Jrnl. 43 1320 In the event of her death before thirty-five, the principal was to go to her issue, and in default of issue the entire residue was left to a hospital.

1967 E. Rudinger Wills & Probate 9 You could, of course, provide that your residue should be divided..among a number of people.

2007 Cape Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. 3 The late George Strates of Oranjezicht left the residue of his estate to the University of Cape Town.

3. Mathematics.

†a. = remainder n. 4a. Obsolete except as in sense 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder

remanentc1450

residuec1450

remainer1543

residual1557

remain?a1560

remainder?a1560

rest1608

residue1808

c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 49 Thow shalt fynde the same figures that thow haddest before, And so that nought be the residue; And yf thow have any residue, than with the addicioun þerof that is reseruede with-out in thy table, thow shalt fynde thi first figures.

a1500 (?1397) G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Digby 72) (1872) ii. Suppl. §45. 56 After-ward added I too signes, degreis, Minutes, & Secundis, þe wiche I fond in my rote the ȝere of owre lord 1397; And kepte the residue; & þan had I the mene mote for þe laste day of Decembere.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. v. f. 145^v If the whole be to the whole, as the part taken away is to the part taken away: then shall the residue be vnto the residue, as the whole is to the whole.

1636 J. Mellis Record's Ground of Artes 154 From the last subtract the first, and the residue diuide by a number lesse by 1, then the number of the places.

1684 J. Wallis Treat. Angular Sections ii. 14 If E be put for the Subtense of 30 degrees, and A for that of the Residue to a Semicircumference, or of 150 degrees; then [etc.].

1732 H. Coggeshall Art of Pract. Measuring (ed. 5) i. i. 4 So the Residue is the whole Part of the Product.

1850 C. G. Burnham New Syst. Arithm. 303 If there be a remainder, subtract it from 8, and the residue will show the dominical letter.

b. A number congruent to a given whole number modulo a second whole number (the modulus); a number left as a remainder when the first number is divided by the second.Thus 1 is the residue of 10 (mod 3) because 10 ÷ 3 gives a remainder of 1; it can be expressed as 10 = 1 (mod 3). cubic (also quadratic, etc.) residue: a number left as a remainder when the square, cube, etc., of a whole number is divided by some other whole number. Thus the quadratic residues of 10 are 0 (mod 2), 1 (mod 3), 0 (mod 4), etc., since 10² divided by 2 gives a remainder 0, divided by 3 a remainder 1, divided by 4 a remainder 0, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder

remanentc1450

residuec1450

remainer1543

residual1557

remain?a1560

remainder?a1560

rest1608

residue1808

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder > of division of powers

residue1808

1808 Monthly Rev. 55 App. 529 The numbers b and c are called residues, (residus,) b the residue of c, and c the residue of b, to the modulus a.

1857 Q. Jrnl. Pure & Appl. Math. 1 186 (title) Eisenstein's geometrical proof of the fundamental theorem for quadratic residues.

1899 Q. Jrnl. Math. 30 363 The same representation of the coefficients also determines the residue when the coefficient is not a multiple of the modulus.

1963 W. W. R. Ball Math. Recreations & Ess. (ed. 12) ii. 60 There is an arithmetic of residues, closely analogous to the arithmetic of ordinary numbers.

1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 127/2 The number k is said to be a biquadratic residue of another number m if k is congruent modulo m to the fourth power of an integer.

1991 N. Stephens in C. Bondi New Applic. Math. xi. 254 There are, of course, m different possible remainders when dividing by m. These are the integers 0, 1, 2, …, m − 1, and are called the residues modulo m.

c. The coefficient of (z − a)⁻¹ in the Laurent expansion of a given complex function of a variable z about a point a.

ΚΠ

1855 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 145 173 Cauchy has proved that..the residue of φ(z) is equal to zero.

1893 A. R. Forsyth Theory Functions Complex Variable x. 223 The sum of the residues of a doubly-periodic function relative to a fundamental parallelogram of periods is zero.

1957 T. M. Apostol Math. Anal. xvi. 524 In many cases it is relatively easy to evaluate the residue at a point without the use of integration.

2006 P. Heres & W. Schilders in A. Di Bucchianico et al. Progr. Industr. Math. at ECMI 2004 ii. 143 Once this decomposition is obtained, the transfer function can be written in a pole-residue expansion.

4. That which remains after a process of combustion, evaporation, digestion, etc.; a deposit or sediment; a waste or residual product; = residuum n. 3.low-residue: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical processes (general) > that which remains after

residence1555

residue1586

manna1694

sublimate1822

1586 W. Bayley Briefe Treat. Preserv. Eie Sight 20 Let it stand fifteene daies in the sunne, that it may bee well dried, then remoue the glasse softly, that you doe not trouble the residue, or grounds, and so poure it into another vessell.

1660 J. H. tr. Paracelsus Archidoxis i. vii. 98 Cow-dung is a stinking Excrement; but if it be but Elevated or Distilled it gets an Odour of Ambergreece; but the residue of the matter that abides in the bottom, stinks more loathsome then mans Ordure.

1671 G. Thomson Μισοχυμὶας Ἔλεγχου 29 The inquinated matter was disposed to be carried away by abundant [sic] of Sweats, without any residue of any puncticular curdled Inhaesion.

1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova I. i. xiv. 162 Those that plead for these Acescent Remains of Chyle thought themselves sufficiently warranted by the Plicæ or Folds of the inner Coat of the Stomach to suppose a residue of some kind or other, and which they..expected shou'd turn Sower.

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. i. xii. 37 The uncrystallizable residue of the alum.

1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 357 The liquid being now filtered, boiled, and evaporated to dryness, left a residue, which may be considered as tannin.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 287 The aqueous residue was decanted off a resinous precipitate.

1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. ii. 82 The tissue-residue is then retreated with alcohol at 99°; this when evaporated gives a new residue.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xx. 491 The H₂S₂O₈ is hydrolysed to H₂O₂, which distils off, and the residue, after cooling and dilution, is re-electrolysed.

1962 R. L. Carson Silent Spring (1965) iii. 31 Residues of these chemicals linger in the soil.

2004 P. F. Hamilton Pandora's Star vii. 185 The starship carried tanks. As far as we can tell from the residue, they were filled with water and a type of monocellular algae.

5. Originally: a chemical species produced by the removal of one or more atoms from a molecule; a radical. In later use: a molecule which is incorporated into a larger one without major alteration; (Biochemistry) an amino acid, sugar, or other relatively small molecule incorporated into a polymer such as a protein, carbohydrate, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > atomic groups > types

residue1852

substituent1863

fluorophore1898

bridge1901

luminophore1910

triple1952

1852 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VII. 76 The compound thus formed by substitution contains therefore the residues [Ger. den Rest] of the two compounds united, that is to say, the first compound + the second, minus an equal number of H- and O-atoms.

1852 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VII. 77 Oxamide..may be regarded as a compound of the two residues, C⁴H²O⁴ and 2NH.

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 259 Suppose one or more of the component atoms of a fully saturated molecule to be removed: it is clear that the remaining atom or group of atoms will no longer be saturated... Such unsaturated groups are called residues or radicals.

1886 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Chem. Carbon Compounds 30 Ordinarily, radicals are groups containing carbon, while all others, like OH, SH, NH₂, NO₂, are residues or groups.

1903 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 84 i. 214 The (albumin) molecule may be regarded as made up of 125 groups or residues.

1955 H. R. Downes Chem. Living Cells v. 186 In one sample of lactoglobulin..there were found 20 serine residues, 36 from aspartic acid, and 50 from leucine.

1975 Nature 27 Feb. 694/2 Even the smallest protein (say 50 residues) is extremely complicated.

2000 W. Cabri & R. Di Fabio From Bench to Market vi. 123 The compounds with the acidic residue are up to three orders of magnitude more potent.

6. Sociology. A fundamental impulse which motivates human conduct, and which is not the product of rational deliberation.Chiefly with reference to the theories of Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > behaviourism > theories of motivation > [noun] > fundamental impulses

residue1923

1923 Econ. Jrnl. 33 586 Pareto..tries to find the fundamental forces, the ‘residues’, of social phenomena or of men's actions.

1935 A. Bongiorno & A. Livingston tr. V. Pareto Mind & Soc. II. vi. 508 It might perhaps be advisable to give word-names to the things we have been calling a, b, and c... Suppose we call the things a, residues [It. residui], the things b, derivations, and the things c, derivatives.

1939 F. Creedy Human Nature writ Large xix. 400 Public documents which have won high praise and wide acceptance..owe their acceptability to the fact that their Residues or fundamental assumptions coincide with those of the crowd.

1966 S. E. Finer V. Pareto: Sociol. Writings 38 Thus, if you strip from the theory its variable part you are left with a residuum. This is the constant element and Pareto therefore calls it a residue.

2005 Contemp. Sociol. 34 p. x/1 Persons who are high in Class I residues are clever, innovative, calculating risk takers.

Compounds

residue class n. [compare German Restklasse (1855 or earlier)] Mathematics the class of all the whole numbers that are congruent to one another modulo a given number.E.g. 2, 5, 8, 11, etc., are members of a residue class modulo 3 because when divided by 3 they all give the same remainder, 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > other

residue class1904

digital root1917

1904 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 67 The residue classes with respect to an ideal prime in an algebraic field are considered in connection with a linear congruence.

1948 O. Ore Number Theory ix. 214 There are m residue classes (mod m).

1996 J. H. Conway & R. K. Guy Bk. Numbers ii. 30 Modulo 4 the (red, orange, yellow, green) residue classes form columns, or diagonals.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	residue
释义	residuen. Brit. /ˈrɛzᵻdjuː/, /ˈrɛzᵻdʒuː/, U.S. /ˈrɛzəˌd(j)u/ Forms: Middle English recedu, Middle English recidue, Middle English ressedew, Middle English resyduwe, Middle English resydw, Middle English–1500s resedew, Middle English–1500s resedewe, Middle English–1500s resedue, Middle English–1500s resydewe, Middle English–1500s resydu, Middle English–1600s resideu, Middle English–1600s residew, Middle English–1600s residewe, Middle English–1600s residu, Middle English–1600s resydew, Middle English–1600s resydue, Middle English– residue, late Middle English resude (transmission error), 1500s recydue, 1500s resdew, 1500s resdewe, 1500s resedeve, 1500s resedu, 1500s resideue, 1500s resydeue, 1500s resydwe, 1500s risidewe, 1500s–1600s reasidue, 1500s–1600s resdue, 1500s–1600s risidue; Scottish pre-1700 recedew, pre-1700 resedew, pre-1700 residew, pre-1700 residewe, pre-1700 1700s– residue. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French residue, residu; Latin residuum. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman residue (masculine and feminine) and Middle French residu (French résidu ) (masculine) remainder (in a computation) (1331), (more generally) remainder, rest (c1370), remainder of one's goods (first half of the 15th cent.), also residue (feminine) remainder, rest (a1400) and its etymon classical Latin residuum residuum n. Compare Catalan residu (1507), Spanish residuo (14th cent.), Portuguese residuo (15th cent.), Italian residuo (a1348). Compare residue adj. In sense 3b after post-classical Latin residuum and residuum quadraticum ( C. F. Gauss Disquisitiones arithmeticae (1801) iv. 93). In sense 3c after French résidu ( A. L. Cauchy Exercices mathématiques (1826) I. 11). In sense 5 after French résidu (Gerhardt 1839; compare loi des résidus (C. Gerhardt 1845, in Comptes rendus hebd. de l'Acad. des Sci. 20 1031)). In sense 6 after Italian residuo ( V. Pareto Trattato di sociologia generale (1916) 440; compare quot. 1935). 1. The remainder, the rest; that which is left. a. Of things.method of residues: see method n. 3e. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] bilevena1325 reliefa1382 residuea1382 remanant?a1400 remanence?a1425 remanent?a1425 remainc1430 remainant1430 rest?1440 remainingc1480 remainer1519 remanet?a1527 remainder1560 resident1581 residuum1636 restancy1667 residual1839 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxxi. 14 Wheþer haue we eny þing of resydewe [L. residui] in facultese & herytage of þe house of our fader? c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vii. 92 (MED) My dettis ben quyt..And wiþ þe residue [v.r. resude] & þe remenaunt..I wile worsshipe þerewiþ treuþe. J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) 568 (MED) For that this matere ys obscure..I pase schortly..and now the resydu vp to descriue, I pray yow off pacyens. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope viii After this..the sellar demaunded of the byar the resydue. a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 60 (MED) Take and boyle efros in pelletes in swete wyne..wast half, and of the residue euery mornyng put a sponefull in thi mouth. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxvii. 231 In grete payne & mysery we must vse the resydew of our lyues. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1716 If with moderate fare they were contented They might..save the residue of all their wealth. 1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 252 In the residue of the fifth verse. 1718 Free-thinker No. 7. 2 Nothing farther could be done unless the Residue was forth-coming. 1780 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett II. 43 If you looked him in the face, or, more properly..in the residue of his face. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 10 A slight repast had therefore been tricked up from the residue of dinner. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 199 Others assume that it is..the residue of the heat which the earth originally possessed. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. v. 251 A residue of untraced words which have led some scholars..to postulate a non-Indo-European strain in the early vocabulary. 1975 Language 51 561 A considerable residue of cases still remains which must be analysed. 2000 A. Rauch Hieroglyph of Trad. i. 30 They [sc. feelings] are the residue of an experience that cannot be remembered consciously. b. Of persons. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest > of persons lavea1000 the other deal1258 remanantc1330 remnanta1375 reliefa1382 residuea1382 remanent1446 remain1483 remaindera1547 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xi. 11 The lord..shal ley to his hond to welde the residue [L. residuum] of his puple. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 25589 (MED) Þe resideu..Þat lefte after in your contres..had neuer grace ffor durande tim defende þar place. 1474–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 3rd Roll §32. m. 17 The said Henry Bodrugan..the residue of the same Britons yet kepeth in prisone. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. ZZZii^v On this maner the pore vnlerned fysshers, Petre, Johan, Andrewe, & Iames were taught, and the residewe of that holy couent. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 21^v Both..promist not to faile, Themselves to come, and bid the residue. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 113 The residue of Britans remaining alive, withdrew themselves. 1683 I. Walton Chalkhill's Thealma & Clearchus 53 Six he slew, And so dismaid the fearful residue, That down the Hill they fled. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 67 The residue of the conquer'd People fled to their Canoes. 1792 R. Burns Let. 10 Sept. (2003) II. 146 An inescapable & inexorable Hell, expanding its leviathan jaws for the vast residue of Mortals! 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 7 A number of men mounted guard,..while the residue..employed themselves below in dragging up the barges and canoes. 1851 Glasgow Herald 31 Oct. 3/3 There are also causes of attraction to America..for the residue of the Catholic celts of Ireland. 1938 Geogr. Jrnl. 91 226 A large residue of unemployed at present lingers in districts where mining cannot absorb it again. 1953 J. Vernant Refugee in Post-War World p. ix There is still a considerable residue of refugees in Europe left over after the disappearance of the International Refugee Organization. 2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 Mar. 12/4 The few younger members of the Society have a hard time relating to the large residue of older Jesuits. †c. in (also for) the residue: for the rest, as to the remainder. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > as for the rest [phrase] in (also for) the residue1532 (as) for (also to) the rest1545 au reste1752 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere iii. p. cccxii In all the resydew men were taught by the holy goste. 1548 N. Bodrugan Epitome Title to Souereigntie Scotl. 249 In the residue it was not my mynde to trifle with the fine flowers of Rethorike. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxi^v For the residue they committe all that euer they haue vnto the Emperour. 1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue p. lxix In the residue, he entreateth a better aspecte of the Planets, to the end, that either his life may bee inclined to a more happie course, or his death be hastned. †d. The leavings of a destructive agent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > remains > after destructive agency residue1560 wreck1713 1560 Bible (Geneva) Joel i. 4 The residue [Hebrew yeṯer, L. residuum] of the canker-worm hathe the caterpiller eaten. 1575 J. Banister Needefull Treat. Chyrurg. i. f. 2^v The cankred rottennes, the inflammation of bloude, the canker, and residue of that sort, are of the kinde of effectes besides nature. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Joel i. 4 The residue [L. residuum] of the locust hath the bruke eaten. 2. Law. That which remains of an estate after all charges, debts, and bequests have been paid; †also as a count noun. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > that which is inherited > residue of an estate remainder1394 remnantc1400 residue1411 remainera1450 remainder over1523 remanant1528 particular estate1590 remaindment1629 subtract1641 residuum1663 1411 Will in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 216 (MED) Y be-queþe al þe Resydue of my godys to Jone my wyff. 1454 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 134 (MED) Yf my seide goodes, Residues, and dettis may not suffice ther-to, than y wul that myn Executours..modefye suche thynggis as ys set and lymet afore. 1470 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 186 (MED) The residu I bequeth to myn executours. 1529 Will of Thomas Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 63 The residue of all my goodes, catalles, and debttes not bequethed..I will shalbe sold. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 115 He to whom all or the residue is bequeathed, is thereby vnderstood to be made executor. 1641 Office & Dutie Executors 132 The said Christopher Eyre..by his last will and testament..gives to the said Hester his wife all the residue of his estate. 1668 W. Prynne Exact Chronol. Vindic. III. Ep. Ded. sig. a^v The King and Lords..were to divide the residue of the Intestates goods amongst his Wife and Children if he had any. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 492 Then the residue of the goods shall go to the executor to perform the will of the deceased. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) V. 499 It was still the same residue remaining in the wife, which she had not disposed of before. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 585 Legacy and Residue Duties. 1896 M. W. Goodwin Dolly Madison iii. 43 The residue of the estate was to be divided equally among his five grandchildren. 1934 Yale Law Jrnl. 43 1320 In the event of her death before thirty-five, the principal was to go to her issue, and in default of issue the entire residue was left to a hospital. 1967 E. Rudinger Wills & Probate 9 You could, of course, provide that your residue should be divided..among a number of people. 2007 Cape Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. 3 The late George Strates of Oranjezicht left the residue of his estate to the University of Cape Town. 3. Mathematics. †a. = remainder n. 4a. Obsolete except as in sense 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder remanentc1450 residuec1450 remainer1543 residual1557 remain?a1560 remainder?a1560 rest1608 residue1808 c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 49 Thow shalt fynde the same figures that thow haddest before, And so that nought be the residue; And yf thow have any residue, than with the addicioun þerof that is reseruede with-out in thy table, thow shalt fynde thi first figures. a1500 (?1397) G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Digby 72) (1872) ii. Suppl. §45. 56 After-ward added I too signes, degreis, Minutes, & Secundis, þe wiche I fond in my rote the ȝere of owre lord 1397; And kepte the residue; & þan had I the mene mote for þe laste day of Decembere. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. v. f. 145^v If the whole be to the whole, as the part taken away is to the part taken away: then shall the residue be vnto the residue, as the whole is to the whole. 1636 J. Mellis Record's Ground of Artes 154 From the last subtract the first, and the residue diuide by a number lesse by 1, then the number of the places. 1684 J. Wallis Treat. Angular Sections ii. 14 If E be put for the Subtense of 30 degrees, and A for that of the Residue to a Semicircumference, or of 150 degrees; then [etc.]. 1732 H. Coggeshall Art of Pract. Measuring (ed. 5) i. i. 4 So the Residue is the whole Part of the Product. 1850 C. G. Burnham New Syst. Arithm. 303 If there be a remainder, subtract it from 8, and the residue will show the dominical letter. b. A number congruent to a given whole number modulo a second whole number (the modulus); a number left as a remainder when the first number is divided by the second.Thus 1 is the residue of 10 (mod 3) because 10 ÷ 3 gives a remainder of 1; it can be expressed as 10 = 1 (mod 3). cubic (also quadratic, etc.) residue: a number left as a remainder when the square, cube, etc., of a whole number is divided by some other whole number. Thus the quadratic residues of 10 are 0 (mod 2), 1 (mod 3), 0 (mod 4), etc., since 10² divided by 2 gives a remainder 0, divided by 3 a remainder 1, divided by 4 a remainder 0, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder remanentc1450 residuec1450 remainer1543 residual1557 remain?a1560 remainder?a1560 rest1608 residue1808 the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder > of division of powers residue1808 1808 Monthly Rev. 55 App. 529 The numbers b and c are called residues, (residus,) b the residue of c, and c the residue of b, to the modulus a. 1857 Q. Jrnl. Pure & Appl. Math. 1 186 (title) Eisenstein's geometrical proof of the fundamental theorem for quadratic residues. 1899 Q. Jrnl. Math. 30 363 The same representation of the coefficients also determines the residue when the coefficient is not a multiple of the modulus. 1963 W. W. R. Ball Math. Recreations & Ess. (ed. 12) ii. 60 There is an arithmetic of residues, closely analogous to the arithmetic of ordinary numbers. 1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 127/2 The number k is said to be a biquadratic residue of another number m if k is congruent modulo m to the fourth power of an integer. 1991 N. Stephens in C. Bondi New Applic. Math. xi. 254 There are, of course, m different possible remainders when dividing by m. These are the integers 0, 1, 2, …, m − 1, and are called the residues modulo m. c. The coefficient of (z − a)⁻¹ in the Laurent expansion of a given complex function of a variable z about a point a. ΚΠ 1855 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 145 173 Cauchy has proved that..the residue of φ(z) is equal to zero. 1893 A. R. Forsyth Theory Functions Complex Variable x. 223 The sum of the residues of a doubly-periodic function relative to a fundamental parallelogram of periods is zero. 1957 T. M. Apostol Math. Anal. xvi. 524 In many cases it is relatively easy to evaluate the residue at a point without the use of integration. 2006 P. Heres & W. Schilders in A. Di Bucchianico et al. Progr. Industr. Math. at ECMI 2004 ii. 143 Once this decomposition is obtained, the transfer function can be written in a pole-residue expansion. 4. That which remains after a process of combustion, evaporation, digestion, etc.; a deposit or sediment; a waste or residual product; = residuum n. 3.low-residue: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical processes (general) > that which remains after residence1555 residue1586 manna1694 sublimate1822 1586 W. Bayley Briefe Treat. Preserv. Eie Sight 20 Let it stand fifteene daies in the sunne, that it may bee well dried, then remoue the glasse softly, that you doe not trouble the residue, or grounds, and so poure it into another vessell. 1660 J. H. tr. Paracelsus Archidoxis i. vii. 98 Cow-dung is a stinking Excrement; but if it be but Elevated or Distilled it gets an Odour of Ambergreece; but the residue of the matter that abides in the bottom, stinks more loathsome then mans Ordure. 1671 G. Thomson Μισοχυμὶας Ἔλεγχου 29 The inquinated matter was disposed to be carried away by abundant [sic] of Sweats, without any residue of any puncticular curdled Inhaesion. 1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova I. i. xiv. 162 Those that plead for these Acescent Remains of Chyle thought themselves sufficiently warranted by the Plicæ or Folds of the inner Coat of the Stomach to suppose a residue of some kind or other, and which they..expected shou'd turn Sower. 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. i. xii. 37 The uncrystallizable residue of the alum. 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 357 The liquid being now filtered, boiled, and evaporated to dryness, left a residue, which may be considered as tannin. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 287 The aqueous residue was decanted off a resinous precipitate. 1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. ii. 82 The tissue-residue is then retreated with alcohol at 99°; this when evaporated gives a new residue. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xx. 491 The H₂S₂O₈ is hydrolysed to H₂O₂, which distils off, and the residue, after cooling and dilution, is re-electrolysed. 1962 R. L. Carson Silent Spring (1965) iii. 31 Residues of these chemicals linger in the soil. 2004 P. F. Hamilton Pandora's Star vii. 185 The starship carried tanks. As far as we can tell from the residue, they were filled with water and a type of monocellular algae. 5. Originally: a chemical species produced by the removal of one or more atoms from a molecule; a radical. In later use: a molecule which is incorporated into a larger one without major alteration; (Biochemistry) an amino acid, sugar, or other relatively small molecule incorporated into a polymer such as a protein, carbohydrate, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > atomic groups > types residue1852 substituent1863 fluorophore1898 bridge1901 luminophore1910 triple1952 1852 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VII. 76 The compound thus formed by substitution contains therefore the residues [Ger. den Rest] of the two compounds united, that is to say, the first compound + the second, minus an equal number of H- and O-atoms. 1852 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. VII. 77 Oxamide..may be regarded as a compound of the two residues, C⁴H²O⁴ and 2NH. 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 259 Suppose one or more of the component atoms of a fully saturated molecule to be removed: it is clear that the remaining atom or group of atoms will no longer be saturated... Such unsaturated groups are called residues or radicals. 1886 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Chem. Carbon Compounds 30 Ordinarily, radicals are groups containing carbon, while all others, like OH, SH, NH₂, NO₂, are residues or groups. 1903 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 84 i. 214 The (albumin) molecule may be regarded as made up of 125 groups or residues. 1955 H. R. Downes Chem. Living Cells v. 186 In one sample of lactoglobulin..there were found 20 serine residues, 36 from aspartic acid, and 50 from leucine. 1975 Nature 27 Feb. 694/2 Even the smallest protein (say 50 residues) is extremely complicated. 2000 W. Cabri & R. Di Fabio From Bench to Market vi. 123 The compounds with the acidic residue are up to three orders of magnitude more potent. 6. Sociology. A fundamental impulse which motivates human conduct, and which is not the product of rational deliberation.Chiefly with reference to the theories of Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > behaviourism > theories of motivation > [noun] > fundamental impulses residue1923 1923 Econ. Jrnl. 33 586 Pareto..tries to find the fundamental forces, the ‘residues’, of social phenomena or of men's actions. 1935 A. Bongiorno & A. Livingston tr. V. Pareto Mind & Soc. II. vi. 508 It might perhaps be advisable to give word-names to the things we have been calling a, b, and c... Suppose we call the things a, residues [It. residui], the things b, derivations, and the things c, derivatives. 1939 F. Creedy Human Nature writ Large xix. 400 Public documents which have won high praise and wide acceptance..owe their acceptability to the fact that their Residues or fundamental assumptions coincide with those of the crowd. 1966 S. E. Finer V. Pareto: Sociol. Writings 38 Thus, if you strip from the theory its variable part you are left with a residuum. This is the constant element and Pareto therefore calls it a residue. 2005 Contemp. Sociol. 34 p. x/1 Persons who are high in Class I residues are clever, innovative, calculating risk takers. Compounds residue class n. [compare German Restklasse (1855 or earlier)] Mathematics the class of all the whole numbers that are congruent to one another modulo a given number.E.g. 2, 5, 8, 11, etc., are members of a residue class modulo 3 because when divided by 3 they all give the same remainder, 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > other residue class1904 digital root1917 1904 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 67 The residue classes with respect to an ideal prime in an algebraic field are considered in connection with a linear congruence. 1948 O. Ore Number Theory ix. 214 There are m residue classes (mod m). 1996 J. H. Conway & R. K. Guy Bk. Numbers ii. 30 Modulo 4 the (red, orange, yellow, green) residue classes form columns, or diagonals. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † residueadj. Forms: Middle English residu, Middle English 1800s residue. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French residue ; Latin residuus ; residue n. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman residue remaining, left over, unpaid (late 14th cent. or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin residuus remaining, surviving (see residuum n.). In recent use probably < residue n. (see note at definition). Compare residue n. Obsolete. rare. Remaining, surviving.Quot. 1853 may represent residue n. used attributively. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [adjective] > remaining after others of its kind residuea1382 fossilized1861 survivalist1953 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 1 Chron. vi. 77 To the sonys forsothe of Mereri residue [a1425 L.V. residue sones of Merary; L. filiis autem Merari residuis], of the lond of Zabulon, Remon, and the suburbis of it. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Thess. iv. 14 We that lyuen, that ben residue, or left [L. residui], in the comynge of the Lord. 1433 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 149 (MED) His fader payed furst iij ml. saluz..and for þe residue ix ml. þe Lordes..leide in þeir seeles. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 29 (MED) The weye may be patente to the residu peple of God. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 27 Mrs. Bretton,..on leaving England, had brought with her such residue furniture of the former St. Ann's Street mansion, as she had thought fit to keep unsold. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1382adj.a1382
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residuen.

Compounds

† residueadj.