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单词 renegade
释义

renegaden.adj.

Brit. /ˈrɛnᵻɡeɪd/, U.S. /ˈrɛnəˌɡeɪd/
Forms: 1600s renegad, 1600s– renegade.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: renegado n.
Etymology: Alteration of renegado n., after -ade suffix. Compare earlier renegate n. and the Romance nouns cited at that entry. With use as adjective compare earlier renegado adj., renegate adj., and also renegant adj.
A. n.
1. A person who renounces his or her faith; an apostate; (in early use) spec. a Christian who converts to Islam. Cf. renegado n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun] > person
apostate1340
postatea1387
relapse1407
pervert1501
reneganta1525
runagate1530
reniant1532
backfaller1545
apostatrice1551
turn-tippet?1556
runaway1561
faller-away1564
reneger?1577
renegado1584
backslider1591
retrospicientc1600
relapser1608
renegade1611
runagado1614
runagade1670
fallaway1673
lapser1695
faller-out1964
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Rinegato,..a renegade, a foresworne man, or one that hath renounced his religion or country.
1623 T. Jackson Raging Tempest Stilled 60 And for this purpose I alledge the Testimonie of one of their owne, (whom I doe not name for honour, being such a wretched, and faithlesse Hypocrite and Renegade).
1662 J. Heath in Pagitt's Heresiogr. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. J. Frederick sig. π3v Some of the watchmen ought to have been watched themselvs, who..in conclusion run over and turned renegads.
1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxv. 107 The Janizaries..compos'd partly of Tributary Children, and partly of voluntary Renegades.
1712 R. Blackmore Creation Pref. p. xx Renegades and Deserters of Heaven, who renounce their God for the Favour of Men.
1814 R. Southey Roderick viii. 103 How best they might evade The Moor, and renegade's more watchful eye.
1816 Ld. Byron Siege Corinth xxvii. 46 Unanealed he passed away,..To the last a renegade.
1873 S. Smiles Huguenots in France i. vii. 147 Like all renegades, he was a bitter and furious persecutor.
1899 S. M. A. Dill Rom. Soc. in Last Cent. of Western Empire (ed. 2) iii. 38 A law of 409 directed..Jovius, to take the severest measures against those renegades who were adopting the superstition of the Heaven-worshippers.
1922 W. S. Davis Short Hist. Near East i. iv. 45 Persian and Armenian refugees, Arabic renegades from Islam, and later many types of Slav and Turanian Turkomans always found in the Emperor a liberal paymaster.
1963 E. Sordo Moorish Spain 18 Among the Moslems, the Arab leaders, the soldiers, came first; then the Berbers; then the Christian renegades; and lastly the Mozarabs, Hispano-Romans who would not be converted to Islam.
2007 T. Blanning Pursuit of Glory vii. 358 The most serious damage was no longer inflicted by Protestant heretics;..it came from Catholic renegades such as Voltaire.
2. A person who deserts, betrays, or is disloyal to an organization, country, or set of principles; a turncoat, a traitor. Cf. renegado n. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [noun] > desertion of one's party or principles > one who
renay1340
apostate1362
renegatec1450
starter1519
reniant1532
changeling1539
rannigala1560
recreant1570
turncoat1570
renegado1573
start-away1574
off-faller?1575
start-back1579
departer1586
reneger1597
retrospicientc1600
runagadea1604
renegade1611
turn-tail1621
runagado1623
trip-coata1625
retrogredient1650
retrograde1651
tergiversator1716
rat1755
ratter1819
tergiversant1833
blackleg1844
strike-breaker1904
faller-out1964
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Rinegato,..a renegade, a foresworne man, or one that hath renounced his religion or country.
1637 J. Shirley Young Admirall v. sig. K2 That double renegade, where is Cassandra? Off with her head, and his.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 127 Not a few English turning Renegades, and being contemned by the Spaniard.
1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 31 For if these Renegades had formed such a Conspiracy, what hindered their accomplishing it?
1779 Ann. Reg. 1778 75/2 The dregs, or renegades of parties, brought into the highest and most responsible of stations.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 451 The renegade soon found a patron in the obdurate and revengeful James.
1872 C. Gibbon For King ii The past makes me seem in my own eyes, and in the eyes of others—a renegade.
1921 A. R. Williams Through Russ. Revol. vii. 103 In a storm of hoots, jeers and taunts of ‘Renegades! Traitors!’ from the proletarians, the intelligentsia pass out of the hall and out of the Revolution.
1993 Compass (Toronto, Ont.) Mar.–Apr. 35/1 He was denounced as a renegade, and wrote virtually nothing until his death in a gulag in 1940.
3. In extended use.
a. A person who abandons or turns his or her back on an activity, way of life, etc. Usually with from, to. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1636 T. Heywood Loves Maistresse iv. i. sig. I*4 Thou sinner to sence, and renegade to reason, dost thou blame length in any thing?
1691 W. Wollaston Design Part of Bk. Ecclesiastes 90 They, whom equal Sympathy did bind, And Sex perswades still to continue kind, Turn Renegades to love, and change their mind.
1700 D. Defoe Pacificator 4 M—n, a Renegade from Wit, came on And made a false Attack.
1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 690 Must he..be driven A renegade like me from Love and Heaven?
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! ix. 158 There, on the stream bank, lay the two renegades from civilized life.
1919 R. Lynd Old & New Masters xxiii. 203 The bud is renegade to the tree, and the flower to the bud, and the fruit to the flower.
b. A person who rejects authority and control or behaves in an unconventional manner; a rebel, a nonconformist.
ΚΠ
1920 Dial May 662 The aesthetic renegade has the privilege of vitality.
1960 John o' London's 31 Mar. 384/3 An educated renegade..in the classic Raffles tradition.
1993 Independent on Sunday 17 Oct. (Review Suppl.) 70/1 Christopher Farr is something of a renegade in the rug world.
2006 Sight & Sound Sept. 18/3 Mann produced the ideal early 1980s hero, an ex-convict renegade who overcame the economic recession as well as new-age male expectations.
B. adj. (attributive).
1. Having treacherously changed allegiance; rebel. Also in extended use.
ΚΠ
1636 J. Taylor Brave Sea-fight 15 The ship was set on fire in the fight, which made the Pyrats forsake her..three of their Captaines being fugitive or Renegade Englishmen.
1691 J. Dryden King Arthur iii. 23 Thou miscreant Elf, thou Renegade Scout, So clean, so furbish'd, so renew'd in White, The Livery of our Foes.
1727 J. Arbuthnot Tables Anc. Coins 242 If the Roman Government subsisted now, they would have had renegade Seamen and Ship-wrights enough.
1832 M. Barney Biogr. Mem. Joshua Barney vii. 72 Interrupting the sentence which Barney was about to pronounce on his renegade associate.
1890 Cent. Mag. Aug. 618/2 This Lieutenant Barrett was an ignorant man, supposed to be a renegade Yankee, whose occupation was that of a ‘negro-driver’ before the war.
1904 F. S. Mathews Field Bk. Wild Birds & their Music 195 This Warbler according to Mr. Chapman is a renegade Dendroica who is indifferent to the wood.
1948 Life 6 Sept. 24/1 We might be more impressed with easy slander if certain organs of the Left ever impugned the credibility of such renegade Republicans as Harold Ickes and Henry Wallace.
2002 Toronto Metro 26 Sept. 03/2 With renegade troops controlling swathes of Ivory Coast, tension shot up with neighboring Burkina Faso.
2. Having abandoned one's religious beliefs; apostate; (also) characteristic of or characterized by apostasy.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [adjective]
forraughtc1175
renayedc1380
apostate1382
apostasied1393
relapse?a1425
departed1439
renegate1488
retractive1509
apostatical1532
shrinking1535
apostatatec1540
runagate1558
apostatic1583
apostatous1588
collapsed1609
renegado1612
recreant1613
apotactical1615
apostatized1629
apostating1630
lapsed1638
apostated1642
apostatizing1652
renegade1664
diabolonian1682
backsliding1816
relapsing1864
backslidden1871
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [adjective]
renayedc1380
renegate1488
regenerate?1536
runagate1549
renegantc1550
turncoat1571
relenting1576
reneged1594
renegado1612
recreant1613
tergiversating1654
renegade1664
apostate1671
tergiversant1710
blackleg1767
revulsionary1817
tergiversated1831
tergiverse1852
tergiversatory1891
breakaway1934
walk-in1978
1664 P. Wyche tr. J. Freire de Andrade Life Dom John de Castro 193 Moors, Turks, Rumes, Coracos, and Renegade Christians, Germans, Venetians, Genuese, and French.
1734 G. Sale in tr. Koran To Rdr. p. viii Dressed up by a renegade Christian, slightly instructed in his new religion.
1769 W. Anderson Hist. France II. v. vi. 269 Instead of supposing that Selim needed a renegade Jew, and a buffoon from Lisbon, to instigate him to this enterprize [etc.].
1837 R. Huish Hist. William the Fourth i. 36 Colonel Bude was a kind of renegade Catholic, and his religious principles were of that accommodating kind.
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 98 The renegade Christian must forswear the true Deity.
1936 R. Heppenstall Apol. for Dancing iv. 267 The America of Walt Whitman, entangled round a hot core of renegade Irish Catholicism.
1968 P. White Let. 18 Mar. (1994) x. 325 I am prejudiced by all the publicity from this rather revolting little bog-Irish almost priest married to a renegade nun.
1996 L. Lower in L. E. Smith & J. Rieder Changing Representations of Minorities 162 A pottery-producing hamlet peopled mainly by hidden Christians stubbornly clinging to their renegade faith.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

renegadev.

Brit. /ˈrɛnᵻɡeɪd/, U.S. /ˈrɛnəˌɡeɪd/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: renegade n.
Etymology: < renegade n. Compare earlier renege v. and later renegado v.
rare except in 19th cent.
intransitive. To abandon one's religion, party, etc.; to become a renegade. Frequently with from.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > be or become apostate [verb (intransitive)]
renayc1300
to go backward1382
to fall awayc1384
to stand behindc1475
to turn (one's) tippet1546
relapse1563
backslide1581
apostate1596
apostatize1611
renegade1611
apostasize1696
renegado1731
renege1744
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)] > desert one's party or principles
declinec1374
starta1450
revert?a1525
to fall away1535
to turn (one's) tippet1546
revolt1549
shrink1553
to turn one's coat1565
to come over1576
apostate1596
to change (one's) sides1596
defect1596
renegade1611
to change foot1618
to run over1643
to face about1645
apostatize1648
tergiverse1675
tergiversate1678
desert1689
apostasize1696
renegado1731
rat1810
to cross the floor1822
turncoat1892
to take (the) soup1907
turn1977
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Maranisé, marranized, renegaded.
1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 316 Which last [rivalling] both High and Low, do Precaution themselves against..more than against their Converts Renegading or Starving.
1811 Eclectic Rev. Sept. 833 More than usual, it is said, have lately renegaded, especially among the subjects of the Sicilian king.
1859 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 24 Jan. The parties from which its author has at different times renegaded.
1861 G. Meredith Evan Harrington III. xv. 236 That was before he renegaded.
1893 C. G. Leland Memoirs II. 140 Johnson had renegaded from the Confederacy.
1903 E. T. Seton Two Little Savages iii. iii. 270 His ‘Paw’ was too near to prevent his renegading to the Indians.
1981 N. C. O'Brien We shall rise Again viii. 109 He has renegaded from this and renegaded from that.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1611v.1611
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