renderingn.

Brit.

/ˈrɛnd(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈrɛnd(ə)rɪŋ/

Forms: see render v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: render v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < render v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare render n.¹, rendition n., and also rent n.¹

I. Senses relating to render v. III.

1. The action or an act of returning or restoring something, or of giving something in return. Also with back.

ΚΠ

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 429 Renderynge, reddicio.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 112 God at the lenynge, & the deuyll at rendrynge.

1580 A. Munday Zelauto ii. vii. 149 The rendring of the money I doo not accoumpt of, ne wyll I be pleased with twise as much restored.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxviii. 165 Seeing all Soveraign Power, is originally given by the consent of every one of the Subjects..the Punishment of the Innocent, is a rendring of Evill for Good.

1775 R. Robinson tr. J. Saurin Serm. I. 222 The only reason, which prevents the rendering of evil for evil, is a want of opportunity.

1835 H. Stebbing Disc. Death 169 We simply regard death as a rendering back of the soul to Him who gave it.

1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Benediction,..a rendering of thanks to God for blessings conferred.

1950 Agric. Hist. 24 105/2 Without a rendering back of what is taken out, [the earth] will become an obdurate crust.

1995 L. E. Irish & A. G. Kent in S. P. Serota ERISA Fiduciary Law (1999) xii. 290 Recommendations made by mutual fund distributors might constitute the rendering of investment advice for a fee.

II. Senses relating to render v. II.

2. The action of giving or surrendering. Also: that which is given or surrendered.In quot. 1889: the quantity that is yielded.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > [noun]

givec1275

gifta1300

giving13..

donationc1425

gifture1503

rendering1523

donature1629

the mind > possession > giving > giving back or restitution > [noun]

restitutiona1325

restoringa1382

restorance1389

restaurancea1400

restorec1400

reddition1449

relivery1463

restorementa1500

restorative?c1500

redeliverya1513

rendering1523

return1534

redeliverance1535

rembursement1579

retribution1583

restoration1608

restoral1611

repetition1649

returnal1651

rendition1652

regift1658

retradition1875

kickback1932

society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] > surrender

deliverancea1387

appointmenta1513

composition1523

dedition1523

rendering1523

surrender?a1525

fall1535

render1548

rendry1600

rendition1601

capitulation1604

recapitulation1641

reddition1641

surrendering1648

capitulating1734

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxliii. f. Cxlviii/1 At the rendring & puttyng in possessyon of y^e kyng my father into the duchy of Acquitayne, he quited all maner of resortes.

c1536 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hist. & Chron. Scotl. (1821) II. 160 Concerning the randering of the town.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 605 To intreate or speake of the rendering of thys towne.

1616 in H. Paton Rep. MSS Earl of Mar & Kellie (1904) 75 Refusall of the randring of his duarie in kess of ether of thair deths.

1646 D. Evance Noble Order 20 The rule of Gods rendrings to the Creature, is according to our workes.

c1685 P. Henry in M. Henry Wks. (1853) II. 746/2 Alas! our renderings are nothing to our receivings; we are like the barren field.

1738 J. Hooper Impartial Hist. Rebellion 262/1 Some Soldiers were taken after the rendering of the Town, and were executed.

1860 J. L. Krapf Trav. E. Afr. ii. ix. 406 He must not expect much..with regard to the..rendering by them of genuine assistance in the promulgation of the gospel.

1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §213 Love itself is, in its highest state, the rendering of an exquisite praise to body and soul.

1889 Times 10 Dec. 9/4 The rendering in chromic acid is much higher for the Macedonian mineral.

1910 Times 5 Nov. 42/4 The voluntary rendering of taxes at £1 per head of the manhood, cheerfully and readily paid by a contented people.

1977 Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. 8 33 Symbolic gestures such as gift-giving, public rendering of homage, [etc.].

2000 W. R. Herzog Jesus, Justice, & Reign of God vi. 121 Obligations and debts owed to the temple..included the rendering of tithes and offerings.

3. Chiefly Nautical. The running or slipping of a rope or cable. Cf. render v. 13.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [noun] > operations on ropes or tackle

reeving1627

worming1644

rounding1766

rendering1769

snaking1815

surging1839

snubbing1846

swig1849

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Rendering, as a sea-term,..is usually expressed of a complicated tackle, laniard, or lashing,..in contra-distinction to sticking or jamming.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1916/1 To rack a tackle is to seize the parts together and prevent rendering.

1894 Outing 24 227/2 Placing the thumb lightly upon the spool [of the fishing-rod] to control the rendering of the line.

1911 Encycl. Brit. IX. 265/1 By this alternate hauling and ‘rendering’ of the rope the [elevator] cage is raised and lowered.

1991 Oilman (Nexis) June 69 There is variable rendering in the lifting rope..which allows the boat to be raised and lowered into the water with minimal pitching.

III. Senses relating to render v. I.

a. A version or reproduction in another language; a translation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > instance of

drawingc1300

translationa1382

translate?1518

traductiona1533

version1582

conversion1586

metaphrase1594

rendering1637

traduct1647

upset1828

1637 Abp. J. Williams Holy Table 56 The translatour..useth in his rendring of these words, the Genus for the Species, which in an Argument will by no means endure a Reciprocation.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 217 Those..Translators..put no more difference betwixt their rendring of Davids Hebrew word, and S. Peters Greek word, but pursue, and ensue.

1721 J. Toland Let. 21 May in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 477 We are..told that Dominus is the rendring..of Δεσπότης.

1774 J. Bryant Anal. Anc. Mythol. I. 8 By which is meant the land of Metzor, a different rendering of Mysor.

1814 M. Flinders Voy. Terra Australis I. Introd. p. cxxxv Called by the natives, womat, wombat, or womback, according..perhaps to the different rendering of the wood rangers who brought the information.

1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 405/1 (heading) We do not include now the renderings of the ecclesiastical terms which the churches variously interpret.

1870 W. L. Collins Homer: Iliad i. 29 Pope's rendering has all the fire of the original.

1920 Chambers's Jrnl. 296/2 The muleteer (or drabi, as he is generally called, this being the native rendering of the English word ‘driver’).

1960 E. David French Provinc. Cooking 70 In an English translation of a cookery book by a famous French authority, there were some highly enjoyable literal renderings. Tomates concasseés became concussed tomatoes.

2005 P. Wilson in S. Gillespie & D. Hawkins Oxf. Hist. Literary Transl. in Eng. III. v. ii. 181 Green's own rendering of the opening of the second Olympian..[is] close to a rendering offered by Coleridge.

b. The action or process of translating a work, passage, or word; reproduction in another language; translation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun]

remeninga1382

translatinga1382

translationa1382

interpretation1382

interpretingc1384

reducing?a1425

traductiona1533

conversion1586

reddition1609

renderinga1653

rendition1653

transposition1653

transfusion1700

gloss1756

reduction1826

transc1877

machine-aided translation1966

a1653 R. Filmer Patriarcha (1680) ii. 28 In the rendring of this place, the Elder Translations have been more faithful.

1756 in G. Wishart tr. J. Graham Mem. Publisher's Pref. p. viii The translator is frequently mistaken in the sense of the author, and almost never right in the rendering of proper names.

1883 M. Arnold in 19th Cent. Apr. 589 Correct rendering is very often conspicuously absent from our authorised version of the Old Testament.

1902 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 3 141 No one without special knowledge should be entrusted with the rendering into English of a technical or scientific book.

1968 J. Hynd & E. M. Valk tr. W. Benjamin in Delos 2 90 Fidelity in the rendering of individual words can almost never carry over fully the sense they have in the original.

2000 S. L. Montgomery Sci. in Transl. Pref. p. x I have also dealt only glancingly with..the rendering of Latin scientific literature into the European vernaculars.

a. Representation or reproduction in an artistic form; an instance or result of this, an artistic depiction.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun]

portrayingc1385

portraiturea1393

portrayc1415

counterfeitingc1440

portraiting1552

rendering1825

paraphrase1951

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation

ylikenesseOE

likenessOE

anlikenessOE

ylikeOE

imagec1300

acornc1388

portraiturea1393

resemblancea1393

semblanta1400

counterfeitc1400

shapec1400

statuec1405

representation1477

presentationa1513

presentment1535

effigy1539

porture1542

express1553

effigium1564

representance1565

designment1570

icon1572

mimesisa1586

effigies1615

expressurea1616

represent1615

signature1618

proportion1678

representative1766

rendering1825

buggerlugs1839

effigiation1876

1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 98 It is of this varnish and glitter of sentiment that..must for ever intercept the true feeling and genuine rendering of nature in French art.

1854 A. Gilchrist Life William Etty II. 23 The study was made con amore: a lovely rendering of the fulness of youth and vivacity.

1862 S. Lucas Secularia 67 Almost all the copyists of history hitherto have been more or less mistaken in their rendering of the past.

1906 Connoisseur 14 54/2 Among the fine renderings are those of Titian's Gathering Storm.

1939 R. Fry Last Lect. v. 68 They [sc. the sculptures] are squat and humpish renderings, often of seated forms.

1977 R. Alter Defenses of Imagination 185 The Breughelian painting..combines an intense quality of apocalyptic vision with painstaking, almost clinical realism in the rendering of individual detail against a large social background.

2001 L. Collins in N. Roberts Compan. 20th Cent. Poetry (2003) xv. 204 Notable also here is the attention to detail, the microscopic rendering of the natural world.

b. A performer's interpretation of a work, part, or role; a performance of a piece of music or drama; = rendition n. 7.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [noun]

modulationa1398

timing?1578

tuning1609

musicking1703

melodizing1786

rendering1840

rendition1851

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > interpretation

performance?1611

reading1814

rendering1840

interpretation1880

1840 Knickerbocker June 537 Her performance of ‘Ophelia’ was a very touching and beautiful rendering..of the ‘poor demented maiden’.

1846 Musical Times Dec. 55/2 We have only space now to mention in general terms of commendation the rendering of the choruses.

1881 Athenæum 10 Sept. 347/2 The rendering of the cantata..was excellent.

1909 Chatterbox 234/1 Jackson was a born actor, and many of his renderings of the principal parts were great improvement on the way they were rendered by the sixth.

1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 110 His rendering of ‘Barnacle Bill the Sailor’ was a riot and became his party piece.

1999 S. Rushdie Ground beneath her Feet (2000) xi. 339 She'd electrify her young audiences by surging out of anecdote into heart-stopping..renderings of gospel songs.

IV. Senses relating to branch IV.

a. Plastering. The first coating of plaster applied to stone or brick; a base coat of plaster. Also: the action or process of applying this coating. Now chiefly in rendering coat n. (b) at Compounds 2. Cf. laying n. 2d.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > plastering with first coat > first coat

first coat?1600

rendering1659

rough coat1791

render1833

scratch-coat1891

1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §li, in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) Lime, oxhair, loom, rendring, cleer lime.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 82 The workmanship only in Lath and Lathing three pence the yard, rendering two pence a yard.

?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 89 For Plaistering, Lathing and Rendring at one shilling a yard.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 383 Rendring on a Brick-wall is Three-pence a Yard.

1798 C. Hutton Course Math. II. 90 Plasterers' work is of two kinds, namely, ceiling, which is plastering upon laths; and rendering, which is plastering upon walls.

1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 485 Plastering, in this article..will include plastering on laths in several ways; also rendering on brick or stone.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 613 By set is denoted a superficial coat of fine stuff or putty upon the rendering.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 871/2 First coat,... That of two-coat work is called laying, when executed on lath, and rendering, when on brick.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 785/1 The finishing or setting coat..is worked with a hand float on the surface of the rendering.

b. The action or process of coating stonework, brickwork, etc., with cement or a similar material; spec. (in later use) the action of covering an external wall with render (render n.¹ 8b). Also: (a layer of) cement or render applied in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > other types of plastering

white stone1481

rendering1845

1845 Union Workhouses (Ireland) 11 in Parl. Papers: Rep. Commissioners XIII It has been found necessary..to protect the walls either by cement rendering or pointing, or by roughcast.

1872 A. M. Lang Professional Papers on Indian Engin. I. 549 Old Portland cement rendering which presented a honey-combed..appearance.

1904 Proc. Amer. Gas Light Assoc. 21 40 What circumstances call for the rendering with cement of a brick tank for a gas holder?

1954 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 2 July 9/1 Rendering..on the hospital building itself is almost completed on the northwest wing.

1963 F. J. Osborn & A. Whittick New Towns xiv. 189 Brick is often used in contrast with pale cement rendering.

1993 Which? June 23/2 Use a metal plasterer's trowel to apply rendering to a small area.

2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) ix. 40/2 Scutch Hammers... Used by bricklayers for fitting brick or stone work prior to laying and for dressing brick and stone work prior to rendering.

†c. A coating of mortar applied to the underside of slating to keep the slates firm. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > coating of mortar under slates

rendering1889

1889 21st Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland 18 in Parl. Papers (C. 5835) XLIII. 285 The dust and broken mortar, which accumulate owing to the fall of the rendering from the roof.

7. With complement. Conversion or transformation into a specified state or thing; making.

ΚΠ

1669 W. Walker Some Improvem. to Art of Teaching viii. 181 Knowledge of the Elegancies of the Particles, and of skill to use them elegantly..will be found to be hugely conducing to the rendring of the Learners Latine elegant.

1764 Monthly Rev. Dec. 404 For the rendering of the books more intelligible, men thought of making little abridgments.

1871 Q. Jrnl. Prophecy 23 150 Equivalent to the rendering of the true Church invisible.

1905 F. C. Howe City vi. 77 The upbuilding of the city and the rendering of it a more comfortable and beautiful place in which to live.

1967 Times 30 May 9/5 The rendering of the air in our towns and suburbs ‘almost unbreathable’.

2000 C. Brunsdon Feminist, Housewife & Soap Opera i. i. 33 We can relate this work to feminist ethnographies of the feminine and the rendering visible of female experience.

a. The action or process of melting down fat in order to clarify it; (also) the extraction of fat from meat by heating.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > extracting

extraction1605

rendering1780

recovery1867

1780 W. Fleming Jrnl. 20 Mar. in N. D. Mereness Trav. Amer. Colonies (1916) 640 Bear fat is preserved sweet and pure by putting in a bunch of the Slippery Elem [sic] bark into it when rendering.

1847 C. Morfit Chem. applied to Manuf. Soap & Candles xli. 326 In New York, the butchers..possess a large foundery exclusively for the rendering of tallow.

c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 94/1 Another mode of rendering, is to submit the melted tallow to the action of steam.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ii. 16 In some cases, as in the ‘rendering’ of fats, the crude material must first be liquefied by gently heating it.

1945 ABC of Cookery (Min. of Food) xii. 46 Rendering means melting to extract the fat from surrounding tissues.

1986 E. M. Mickler White Trash Cooking vii. 115 Cracklins are the skins and other pieces left after the rendering of pork fat at hog-killing time.

2005 Courier-Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 5 Sept. 5 Both breasts of the bird..had flabby skins and seemed to need more crisping and rendering of the fat contained within.

b. Fat obtained through this process. Usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1866 National Q. Rev. Dec. 85 Muscovites delight in the stale renderings of lard.

1902 Mod. Amer. Tanning I. 271 1 lb. beef tallow (renderings of beef fat).

1979 N. Lyons & I. Lyons Champagne Blues 174 We cook the steak in renderings of pork belly.

1993 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 15 Oct. (Review section) 3 Slices of white pork swimming in clear gravy that looks suspiciously like pure pork rendering.

2007 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. (Nexis) 19 Sept. d1 Wilted lettuce, warmed by the bacon renderings, is as Southern a food as you want to get.

9. Computing.

a. The action or process of render v. 22a; the creation of a bitmap; (also) an image produced by this process. Frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 18 Mar. 28/3 A Ridge 32 super-minicomputer with special-purpose modelling, animation and rendering software written in the C language.

1988 InfoWorld 1 Feb. 50/3 (caption) Autoshade, an add-on to Autocad, lets users produce true-perspective, three-dimensional finished renderings in 256 shades.

1992 MacWorld June 177 You use a rendering program to specify surface attributes..of objects in the scene.

2002 M. Campbell Compl. Idiot's Guide to Computer Illustr. ii. 19 They make for pretty compelling realistic renderings. Those dinosaurs in Jurassic Park?.. Rasters.

2005 J. Kundert-Gibbs et al. Maya Secrets of Pros (ed. 2) ii. 50 The width of each stroke is adjusted..before final rendering to create an image consistent with what might be produced with a traditional paintbrush.

2008 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 1 Nov. i10 His most recent designs, seen in computer renderings, are so chillingly empty, and so spacious.

b. The action of render v. 22b; conversion of an HTML or similar text into a formatted form. Frequently attributive, esp. in rendering engine.

ΚΠ

1994 Single-FAQ: How to Use WWW via E-mail & TELNET in news.newusers.questions (Usenet newsgroup) 24 Dec. If you have a local HTML-rendering program..feel free to fetch this by ftpmail.

2001 M. McCune Integrating Linux & Windows v. 43 What started as bug fixes turned into a complete rewrite of the Netscape rendering engine.

2004 M. A. Kittel & G. T. LeBlond ASP.NET Cookbk. xii. 607 During the rendering of the page, whenever the browser encounters an image tag, it sends a request for that image to the server.

2008 Seattle Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. c2 Dreamweaver CS4 now uses the WebKit rendering engine to display its Live Preview mode, so you can preview a page without sending it out to a browser.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 8).

ΚΠ

1844 Parramatta (New S. Wales) Chron. 22 June 3/1 Messrs. Benjamin and Moses have..everything desirable to carry on the rendering system on a very large scale.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1916/2 Rendering apparatus, an apparatus for extracting oil or lard from fatty animal matters.

1923 Amer. Food Jrnl. 18 226/2 The author discusses..the curing, smoking and rendering processes.

2006 Scotsman (Nexis) 25 Apr. 37 Tallow-fat produced as a by-product of the rendering process.

C2.

rendering coat n. (a) a coating or covering of cement or render; cf. sense 6b; (b) a base coat of plaster; = render coat at render n.¹ 8a; cf. sense 6a.

ΚΠ

1850 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 13 260/2 The face of these walls is then rendered with a coat of hydraulic mortar... The proportions of sand to lime in this rendering coat are two of sand to one of lime.

1944 E. Lucas in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder ii. 103/2 The first rendering and the second or floated coat consist of coarse stuff made up of 1 part lime to 2 or 3 parts sharp sand.

1984 Britannia 15 42 The first, rendering coat was of coarse, slightly pinkish, sandy plaster, the floating coat of coarse buff sandy material.

1996 H. Nash Compl. Pond Builder v. 61/1 Rendering is important to give a smooth finish to the final surface of the concreted pond. A rendering coat should be three parts sand to one part portland cement.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rendering
释义	renderingn. Brit. /ˈrɛnd(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrɛnd(ə)rɪŋ/ Forms: see render v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: render v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < render v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare render n.¹, rendition n., and also rent n.¹ I. Senses relating to render v. III. 1. The action or an act of returning or restoring something, or of giving something in return. Also with back. ΚΠ Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 429 Renderynge, reddicio. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 112 God at the lenynge, & the deuyll at rendrynge. 1580 A. Munday Zelauto ii. vii. 149 The rendring of the money I doo not accoumpt of, ne wyll I be pleased with twise as much restored. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxviii. 165 Seeing all Soveraign Power, is originally given by the consent of every one of the Subjects..the Punishment of the Innocent, is a rendring of Evill for Good. 1775 R. Robinson tr. J. Saurin Serm. I. 222 The only reason, which prevents the rendering of evil for evil, is a want of opportunity. 1835 H. Stebbing Disc. Death 169 We simply regard death as a rendering back of the soul to Him who gave it. 1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Benediction,..a rendering of thanks to God for blessings conferred. 1950 Agric. Hist. 24 105/2 Without a rendering back of what is taken out, [the earth] will become an obdurate crust. 1995 L. E. Irish & A. G. Kent in S. P. Serota ERISA Fiduciary Law (1999) xii. 290 Recommendations made by mutual fund distributors might constitute the rendering of investment advice for a fee. II. Senses relating to render v. II. 2. The action of giving or surrendering. Also: that which is given or surrendered.In quot. 1889: the quantity that is yielded. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > [noun] givec1275 gifta1300 giving13.. donationc1425 gifture1503 rendering1523 donature1629 the mind > possession > giving > giving back or restitution > [noun] restitutiona1325 restoringa1382 restorance1389 restaurancea1400 restorec1400 reddition1449 relivery1463 restorementa1500 restorative?c1500 redeliverya1513 rendering1523 return1534 redeliverance1535 rembursement1579 retribution1583 restoration1608 restoral1611 repetition1649 returnal1651 rendition1652 regift1658 retradition1875 kickback1932 society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] > surrender deliverancea1387 appointmenta1513 composition1523 dedition1523 rendering1523 surrender?a1525 fall1535 render1548 rendry1600 rendition1601 capitulation1604 recapitulation1641 reddition1641 surrendering1648 capitulating1734 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxliii. f. Cxlviii/1 At the rendring & puttyng in possessyon of y^e kyng my father into the duchy of Acquitayne, he quited all maner of resortes. c1536 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hist. & Chron. Scotl. (1821) II. 160 Concerning the randering of the town. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 605 To intreate or speake of the rendering of thys towne. 1616 in H. Paton Rep. MSS Earl of Mar & Kellie (1904) 75 Refusall of the randring of his duarie in kess of ether of thair deths. 1646 D. Evance Noble Order 20 The rule of Gods rendrings to the Creature, is according to our workes. c1685 P. Henry in M. Henry Wks. (1853) II. 746/2 Alas! our renderings are nothing to our receivings; we are like the barren field. 1738 J. Hooper Impartial Hist. Rebellion 262/1 Some Soldiers were taken after the rendering of the Town, and were executed. 1860 J. L. Krapf Trav. E. Afr. ii. ix. 406 He must not expect much..with regard to the..rendering by them of genuine assistance in the promulgation of the gospel. 1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §213 Love itself is, in its highest state, the rendering of an exquisite praise to body and soul. 1889 Times 10 Dec. 9/4 The rendering in chromic acid is much higher for the Macedonian mineral. 1910 Times 5 Nov. 42/4 The voluntary rendering of taxes at £1 per head of the manhood, cheerfully and readily paid by a contented people. 1977 Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. 8 33 Symbolic gestures such as gift-giving, public rendering of homage, [etc.]. 2000 W. R. Herzog Jesus, Justice, & Reign of God vi. 121 Obligations and debts owed to the temple..included the rendering of tithes and offerings. 3. Chiefly Nautical. The running or slipping of a rope or cable. Cf. render v. 13. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [noun] > operations on ropes or tackle reeving1627 worming1644 rounding1766 rendering1769 snaking1815 surging1839 snubbing1846 swig1849 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Rendering, as a sea-term,..is usually expressed of a complicated tackle, laniard, or lashing,..in contra-distinction to sticking or jamming. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1916/1 To rack a tackle is to seize the parts together and prevent rendering. 1894 Outing 24 227/2 Placing the thumb lightly upon the spool [of the fishing-rod] to control the rendering of the line. 1911 Encycl. Brit. IX. 265/1 By this alternate hauling and ‘rendering’ of the rope the [elevator] cage is raised and lowered. 1991 Oilman (Nexis) June 69 There is variable rendering in the lifting rope..which allows the boat to be raised and lowered into the water with minimal pitching. III. Senses relating to render v. I. 4. a. A version or reproduction in another language; a translation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > instance of drawingc1300 translationa1382 translate?1518 traductiona1533 version1582 conversion1586 metaphrase1594 rendering1637 traduct1647 upset1828 1637 Abp. J. Williams Holy Table 56 The translatour..useth in his rendring of these words, the Genus for the Species, which in an Argument will by no means endure a Reciprocation. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 217 Those..Translators..put no more difference betwixt their rendring of Davids Hebrew word, and S. Peters Greek word, but pursue, and ensue. 1721 J. Toland Let. 21 May in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 477 We are..told that Dominus is the rendring..of Δεσπότης. 1774 J. Bryant Anal. Anc. Mythol. I. 8 By which is meant the land of Metzor, a different rendering of Mysor. 1814 M. Flinders Voy. Terra Australis I. Introd. p. cxxxv Called by the natives, womat, wombat, or womback, according..perhaps to the different rendering of the wood rangers who brought the information. 1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 405/1 (heading) We do not include now the renderings of the ecclesiastical terms which the churches variously interpret. 1870 W. L. Collins Homer: Iliad i. 29 Pope's rendering has all the fire of the original. 1920 Chambers's Jrnl. 296/2 The muleteer (or drabi, as he is generally called, this being the native rendering of the English word ‘driver’). 1960 E. David French Provinc. Cooking 70 In an English translation of a cookery book by a famous French authority, there were some highly enjoyable literal renderings. Tomates concasseés became concussed tomatoes. 2005 P. Wilson in S. Gillespie & D. Hawkins Oxf. Hist. Literary Transl. in Eng. III. v. ii. 181 Green's own rendering of the opening of the second Olympian..[is] close to a rendering offered by Coleridge. b. The action or process of translating a work, passage, or word; reproduction in another language; translation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] remeninga1382 translatinga1382 translationa1382 interpretation1382 interpretingc1384 reducing?a1425 traductiona1533 conversion1586 reddition1609 renderinga1653 rendition1653 transposition1653 transfusion1700 gloss1756 reduction1826 transc1877 machine-aided translation1966 a1653 R. Filmer Patriarcha (1680) ii. 28 In the rendring of this place, the Elder Translations have been more faithful. 1756 in G. Wishart tr. J. Graham Mem. Publisher's Pref. p. viii The translator is frequently mistaken in the sense of the author, and almost never right in the rendering of proper names. 1883 M. Arnold in 19th Cent. Apr. 589 Correct rendering is very often conspicuously absent from our authorised version of the Old Testament. 1902 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 3 141 No one without special knowledge should be entrusted with the rendering into English of a technical or scientific book. 1968 J. Hynd & E. M. Valk tr. W. Benjamin in Delos 2 90 Fidelity in the rendering of individual words can almost never carry over fully the sense they have in the original. 2000 S. L. Montgomery Sci. in Transl. Pref. p. x I have also dealt only glancingly with..the rendering of Latin scientific literature into the European vernaculars. 5. a. Representation or reproduction in an artistic form; an instance or result of this, an artistic depiction. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] portrayingc1385 portraiturea1393 portrayc1415 counterfeitingc1440 portraiting1552 rendering1825 paraphrase1951 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation ylikenesseOE likenessOE anlikenessOE ylikeOE imagec1300 acornc1388 portraiturea1393 resemblancea1393 semblanta1400 counterfeitc1400 shapec1400 statuec1405 representation1477 presentationa1513 presentment1535 effigy1539 porture1542 express1553 effigium1564 representance1565 designment1570 icon1572 mimesisa1586 effigies1615 expressurea1616 represent1615 signature1618 proportion1678 representative1766 rendering1825 buggerlugs1839 effigiation1876 1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 98 It is of this varnish and glitter of sentiment that..must for ever intercept the true feeling and genuine rendering of nature in French art. 1854 A. Gilchrist Life William Etty II. 23 The study was made con amore: a lovely rendering of the fulness of youth and vivacity. 1862 S. Lucas Secularia 67 Almost all the copyists of history hitherto have been more or less mistaken in their rendering of the past. 1906 Connoisseur 14 54/2 Among the fine renderings are those of Titian's Gathering Storm. 1939 R. Fry Last Lect. v. 68 They [sc. the sculptures] are squat and humpish renderings, often of seated forms. 1977 R. Alter Defenses of Imagination 185 The Breughelian painting..combines an intense quality of apocalyptic vision with painstaking, almost clinical realism in the rendering of individual detail against a large social background. 2001 L. Collins in N. Roberts Compan. 20th Cent. Poetry (2003) xv. 204 Notable also here is the attention to detail, the microscopic rendering of the natural world. b. A performer's interpretation of a work, part, or role; a performance of a piece of music or drama; = rendition n. 7. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [noun] modulationa1398 timing?1578 tuning1609 musicking1703 melodizing1786 rendering1840 rendition1851 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > interpretation performance?1611 reading1814 rendering1840 interpretation1880 1840 Knickerbocker June 537 Her performance of ‘Ophelia’ was a very touching and beautiful rendering..of the ‘poor demented maiden’. 1846 Musical Times Dec. 55/2 We have only space now to mention in general terms of commendation the rendering of the choruses. 1881 Athenæum 10 Sept. 347/2 The rendering of the cantata..was excellent. 1909 Chatterbox 234/1 Jackson was a born actor, and many of his renderings of the principal parts were great improvement on the way they were rendered by the sixth. 1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 110 His rendering of ‘Barnacle Bill the Sailor’ was a riot and became his party piece. 1999 S. Rushdie Ground beneath her Feet (2000) xi. 339 She'd electrify her young audiences by surging out of anecdote into heart-stopping..renderings of gospel songs. IV. Senses relating to branch IV. 6. a. Plastering. The first coating of plaster applied to stone or brick; a base coat of plaster. Also: the action or process of applying this coating. Now chiefly in rendering coat n. (b) at Compounds 2. Cf. laying n. 2d. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > plastering with first coat > first coat first coat?1600 rendering1659 rough coat1791 render1833 scratch-coat1891 1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §li, in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) Lime, oxhair, loom, rendring, cleer lime. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 82 The workmanship only in Lath and Lathing three pence the yard, rendering two pence a yard. ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 89 For Plaistering, Lathing and Rendring at one shilling a yard. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 383 Rendring on a Brick-wall is Three-pence a Yard. 1798 C. Hutton Course Math. II. 90 Plasterers' work is of two kinds, namely, ceiling, which is plastering upon laths; and rendering, which is plastering upon walls. 1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 485 Plastering, in this article..will include plastering on laths in several ways; also rendering on brick or stone. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 613 By set is denoted a superficial coat of fine stuff or putty upon the rendering. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 871/2 First coat,... That of two-coat work is called laying, when executed on lath, and rendering, when on brick. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 785/1 The finishing or setting coat..is worked with a hand float on the surface of the rendering. b. The action or process of coating stonework, brickwork, etc., with cement or a similar material; spec. (in later use) the action of covering an external wall with render (render n.¹ 8b). Also: (a layer of) cement or render applied in this way. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > other types of plastering white stone1481 rendering1845 1845 Union Workhouses (Ireland) 11 in Parl. Papers: Rep. Commissioners XIII It has been found necessary..to protect the walls either by cement rendering or pointing, or by roughcast. 1872 A. M. Lang Professional Papers on Indian Engin. I. 549 Old Portland cement rendering which presented a honey-combed..appearance. 1904 Proc. Amer. Gas Light Assoc. 21 40 What circumstances call for the rendering with cement of a brick tank for a gas holder? 1954 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 2 July 9/1 Rendering..on the hospital building itself is almost completed on the northwest wing. 1963 F. J. Osborn & A. Whittick New Towns xiv. 189 Brick is often used in contrast with pale cement rendering. 1993 Which? June 23/2 Use a metal plasterer's trowel to apply rendering to a small area. 2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) ix. 40/2 Scutch Hammers... Used by bricklayers for fitting brick or stone work prior to laying and for dressing brick and stone work prior to rendering. †c. A coating of mortar applied to the underside of slating to keep the slates firm. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > coating of mortar under slates rendering1889 1889 21st Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland 18 in Parl. Papers (C. 5835) XLIII. 285 The dust and broken mortar, which accumulate owing to the fall of the rendering from the roof. 7. With complement. Conversion or transformation into a specified state or thing; making. ΚΠ 1669 W. Walker Some Improvem. to Art of Teaching viii. 181 Knowledge of the Elegancies of the Particles, and of skill to use them elegantly..will be found to be hugely conducing to the rendring of the Learners Latine elegant. 1764 Monthly Rev. Dec. 404 For the rendering of the books more intelligible, men thought of making little abridgments. 1871 Q. Jrnl. Prophecy 23 150 Equivalent to the rendering of the true Church invisible. 1905 F. C. Howe City vi. 77 The upbuilding of the city and the rendering of it a more comfortable and beautiful place in which to live. 1967 Times 30 May 9/5 The rendering of the air in our towns and suburbs ‘almost unbreathable’. 2000 C. Brunsdon Feminist, Housewife & Soap Opera i. i. 33 We can relate this work to feminist ethnographies of the feminine and the rendering visible of female experience. 8. a. The action or process of melting down fat in order to clarify it; (also) the extraction of fat from meat by heating. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > extracting extraction1605 rendering1780 recovery1867 1780 W. Fleming Jrnl. 20 Mar. in N. D. Mereness Trav. Amer. Colonies (1916) 640 Bear fat is preserved sweet and pure by putting in a bunch of the Slippery Elem [sic] bark into it when rendering. 1847 C. Morfit Chem. applied to Manuf. Soap & Candles xli. 326 In New York, the butchers..possess a large foundery exclusively for the rendering of tallow. c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 94/1 Another mode of rendering, is to submit the melted tallow to the action of steam. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ii. 16 In some cases, as in the ‘rendering’ of fats, the crude material must first be liquefied by gently heating it. 1945 ABC of Cookery (Min. of Food) xii. 46 Rendering means melting to extract the fat from surrounding tissues. 1986 E. M. Mickler White Trash Cooking vii. 115 Cracklins are the skins and other pieces left after the rendering of pork fat at hog-killing time. 2005 Courier-Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 5 Sept. 5 Both breasts of the bird..had flabby skins and seemed to need more crisping and rendering of the fat contained within. b. Fat obtained through this process. Usually in plural. ΚΠ 1866 National Q. Rev. Dec. 85 Muscovites delight in the stale renderings of lard. 1902 Mod. Amer. Tanning I. 271 1 lb. beef tallow (renderings of beef fat). 1979 N. Lyons & I. Lyons Champagne Blues 174 We cook the steak in renderings of pork belly. 1993 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 15 Oct. (Review section) 3 Slices of white pork swimming in clear gravy that looks suspiciously like pure pork rendering. 2007 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. (Nexis) 19 Sept. d1 Wilted lettuce, warmed by the bacon renderings, is as Southern a food as you want to get. 9. Computing. a. The action or process of render v. 22a; the creation of a bitmap; (also) an image produced by this process. Frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 18 Mar. 28/3 A Ridge 32 super-minicomputer with special-purpose modelling, animation and rendering software written in the C language. 1988 InfoWorld 1 Feb. 50/3 (caption) Autoshade, an add-on to Autocad, lets users produce true-perspective, three-dimensional finished renderings in 256 shades. 1992 MacWorld June 177 You use a rendering program to specify surface attributes..of objects in the scene. 2002 M. Campbell Compl. Idiot's Guide to Computer Illustr. ii. 19 They make for pretty compelling realistic renderings. Those dinosaurs in Jurassic Park?.. Rasters. 2005 J. Kundert-Gibbs et al. Maya Secrets of Pros (ed. 2) ii. 50 The width of each stroke is adjusted..before final rendering to create an image consistent with what might be produced with a traditional paintbrush. 2008 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 1 Nov. i10 His most recent designs, seen in computer renderings, are so chillingly empty, and so spacious. b. The action of render v. 22b; conversion of an HTML or similar text into a formatted form. Frequently attributive, esp. in rendering engine. ΚΠ 1994 Single-FAQ: How to Use WWW via E-mail & TELNET in news.newusers.questions (Usenet newsgroup) 24 Dec. If you have a local HTML-rendering program..feel free to fetch this by ftpmail. 2001 M. McCune Integrating Linux & Windows v. 43 What started as bug fixes turned into a complete rewrite of the Netscape rendering engine. 2004 M. A. Kittel & G. T. LeBlond ASP.NET Cookbk. xii. 607 During the rendering of the page, whenever the browser encounters an image tag, it sends a request for that image to the server. 2008 Seattle Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. c2 Dreamweaver CS4 now uses the WebKit rendering engine to display its Live Preview mode, so you can preview a page without sending it out to a browser. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 8). ΚΠ 1844 Parramatta (New S. Wales) Chron. 22 June 3/1 Messrs. Benjamin and Moses have..everything desirable to carry on the rendering system on a very large scale. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1916/2 Rendering apparatus, an apparatus for extracting oil or lard from fatty animal matters. 1923 Amer. Food Jrnl. 18 226/2 The author discusses..the curing, smoking and rendering processes. 2006 Scotsman (Nexis) 25 Apr. 37 Tallow-fat produced as a by-product of the rendering process. C2. rendering coat n. (a) a coating or covering of cement or render; cf. sense 6b; (b) a base coat of plaster; = render coat at render n.¹ 8a; cf. sense 6a. ΚΠ 1850 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 13 260/2 The face of these walls is then rendered with a coat of hydraulic mortar... The proportions of sand to lime in this rendering coat are two of sand to one of lime. 1944 E. Lucas in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder ii. 103/2 The first rendering and the second or floated coat consist of coarse stuff made up of 1 part lime to 2 or 3 parts sharp sand. 1984 Britannia 15 42 The first, rendering coat was of coarse, slightly pinkish, sandy plaster, the floating coat of coarse buff sandy material. 1996 H. Nash Compl. Pond Builder v. 61/1 Rendering is important to give a smooth finish to the final surface of the concreted pond. A rendering coat should be three parts sand to one part portland cement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † renderingadj. Forms: see render v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: render v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < render v. + -ing suffix². Obsolete. rare. 1. Grammar. Of a conjunction: that introduces the reason for the preceding statement. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > conjunction > [adjective] > giving a reason rationalc1450 rendering1571 ratiocinative1585 rationative1650 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lx. 13) i. f. 231^v The copulative (And) is almost by the consente of all men turned here into the rendering particle (For) [L. copula hîc in causalem particulam resoluitur]. a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xxii, in Wks. (1640) III Of Conjunctions..Rendring are such, as yeeld the cause of a thing going before: as For. because. 2. That yields or gives way; yielding. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective] tougha700 lithyc1000 softc1330 weak?a1366 plianta1382 persha1398 plyinga1398 lithec1400 supplec1400 plicable?a1425 curvable?1440 lethec1440 scretec1440 pliablec1475 bowable1483 bowing1483 waldinc1485 supple1513 flexible1548 limber1565 lither1565 bending1567 osier1577 wiry1588 buxom1590 withy1598 suppliable1599 renderingc1600 fluxible1607 winding1609 bendable1611 flippant1622 flexive1629 flexile1633 maniable1633 compliant1667 flectible1705 limp1706 yieldy1757 complying1774 limberly1782 willowy1791 switchy1810 wandy1825 twistable1853 bendsome1861 whippy1867 swack1868 bendy1873 c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 57 The rendring reid vhilk bouis with euerie blast. 1606 A. Craig Amorose Songes sig. Gvi With whips & wands they bat their randring slaues. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1440adj.1571
随便看	feedingroom feedings feedingstead feedingstuff feedingtime feedingtrace feedingtrough feedingtube feedingvessel feedingwork feedlot feedlots feedman feedmill feedmotion feedmouth feedpipe feedpipecock feedpipestrainer feedpipestrum feedpump feedrack feedrod feedroller feedroom

renderingn.

Compounds

† renderingadj.