rencountern.

Brit.

/rɛnˈkaʊntə/,

/rɛŋˈkaʊntə/, U.S.

/rɛnˈkaʊn(t)ər/,

/rɛŋˈkaʊn(t)ər/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s rencountre, 1500s– rencounter, 1600s rancountre, 1600s–1700s rancounter; also Scottish pre-1700 rancounter.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: rencounter v.

Etymology: < rencounter v., after Middle French rencontre rencontre n. Compare slightly later re-encounter n. and later rencontre n., and compare also rencountering n.

Now rare.

a. An encounter or engagement between two opposing military forces; a battle, a skirmish.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun]

fightc893

coursec1325

stourc1325

acounterc1330

meetingc1330

setc1330

showera1375

brusha1400

semblya1400

hosting1422

poynyec1425

conflictc1440

militancea1460

grate1460

rencounter1471

chaplea1500

flitea1513

concourse?1520

concursion1533

rescounter1543

spurnc1560

rencontrea1572

discourse1573

action1579

combat1582

opposition1598

do1915

1471 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 185 Entendyng fro thens to goo foorth..to the rencountre of the said enemyes.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lxxxiv. 106 At the first rencounter many were ouerthrowen.

1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 56 Amorathe, and Aladino,..in the rencountre that they had wyth Selim [etc.].

1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 59 Recounte all the..rencounters of a very fewe Catholikes against the heretikes and rebelles in Flanders.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 419 Tartars are not..so manly as the Polonians, who counter-blow them at rancounters.

1682 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 169 There lately happened a rancounter between some forces of the French..and some Spaniards.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 28. ⁋8 There are mentioned several Rencounters between..Detachments of the Swedish and Russian Armies.

1781 T. Jefferson Let. 18 Jan. in Papers (1951) IV. 399 Three little rencounters have happened with the enemy.

1821 W. Aiton Hist. Rencounter at Drumclog iii. 109 There was then no ditch whatever, at or near the place of the rencounter.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xxi. iv. 482 The Russian Armies had only to show themselves to beat the Turks in every rencounter.

1918 Mil. Surgeon 28 368 The various types of engagements must be appreciated and the special conditions that present themselves in a rencounter.

b. A hostile engagement between two individuals; a fight; spec. a duel. Now chiefly historical.In early use sometimes distinguishing (after similar use of French rencontre) an unpremeditated duel from a regular, formal one.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel

handplayeOE

deraignc1300

battlea1400

duellation1502

two-hand battlec1503

combat1567

push of pick1578

monomachy1582

combacy1586

hand fight1587

duel1589

rencounter1590

single fight1598

field meeting1603

camp-fight1605

duello1606

judicial combat1610

fight of stand?1611

stand-fight?1611

business1612

monomachia1624

single combat1625

single field1630

duelliona1637

rencontrea1722

affair of honour1737

meeting1813

holmgang1847

mensur1848

duomachy1885

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Bb6 He gan to feare His toward perill,..Which by that new rencounter he should reare.

1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle ii. 14 Pox ont, a Rencounter is nothing when thou art us'd to't.

1686 G. Mackenzie Observ. Acts Parl. 311 Fighting by rencounter may be punished as a duel, though there was no formal cartal.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 39. ⁋7 A Rencounter or Duel was..far from being in Fashion among the Officers that serv'd in the Parliament-Army.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xl. 257 Duelling is often deemed a rencounter, and as such is pardoned.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. v. 124 We will dine together and arrange matters for this rencounter. I hope you understand the use of the weapon?

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. viii. 294 The latter were wont to repair to Granada to settle their affairs of honor, by personal rencounter.

1906 Amer. State Rep. 108 39 You believe from the evidence that Bradley assaulted Morscheimer and brought on the rencounter between himself and Morscheimer.

1978 P. O'Brian Desolation Island ii. 53 You are to consider, that very few rencounters result in so much as a scratch, if that.

†c. An argument, dispute, or contest; (in early use) esp. a contest of wit, an exchange of repartee. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition

match1531

goala1555

vie1568

skirmish1576

rencounter1594

drop-vie1598

duellism1602

duello1606

bout1609

duel1613

competition1618

matcha1637

tournament1638

contest1648

rencontre1667

pingle?1719

sprawla1813

go1823

bet1843

bucklea1849

comp1929

cook-off1936

title race1948

1594 A. Hume Treat. Felicitie sig. C4^v Pretty and quicke conceits, and rancounters of Comediens.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 386 The Sycilians..are full of witty sentences, and pleasant in their rancounters.

1652 M. Nedham in tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea Ep. Ded. Our late Wars, wherein the Pen Militant hath had as many sharp rancounters as the Sword.

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 166 If so I should, as often it happens in such Rencounters, not onely draw Mr. Bayes, but J. O. too upon my back.

1681 Dialogue Philautus & Timotheus viii. 12 Now for the Rancounter, as thy War-like word is.

1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible I. i. 68 This Rencounter had not a little ruffled Jacob's mild Disposition.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) I. 47 We have a right to lard our history with rencounters and conquests of these voracious animals.

1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. ix. 212 Mr. Falkland's servants, hearing the bustle of the rencounter [etc.].

1830 N. S. Wheaton Jrnl. 69 Few quarrels and rencounters happened among the boys.

1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. i. 7 That unequal rencounter between foolish innocence and the predatory.

†a. The action or fact of coming together, meeting, or colliding. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1050/1 He was vnhorsed with the rencounter of an english speare.

1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 54 In the various Rencounter of Bodies knocking and jostling one against another the only Part of us that is acted upon, is our Body.

1700 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Light & Colours in Treat. conc. Search after Truth i. i. 3 All Motions proceed in a right line, unless otherwise determin'd by the Rencounter, of some foreign and particular Causes.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 314 Millions of People dread the Rencounter of an Algerine as they would that of a crew of Dæmons.

1780 T. A. Mann in Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 619 When two equal currents of homogeneous fluids meet in opposite directions, there is first a swelling and rising up of them at the point of rencounter.

1799 W. Godwin St. Leon III. vii. 166 I was made uneasy by the rencounter of the traveller.

1810 W. Marrat Introd. Theory & Pract. Mech. ii. i. 130 In this state, the first point of rencounter may be taken as a new point of departure.

1849 tr. A. Vinet Gospel Stud. 131 It is necessary at the moment of rencounter to put your heart in safety.

1899 C. C. Harrison Circle of Cent. 103 The landlord of the Dog and Duck, bustling out to the rencounter of customers on this dripping evening.

b. A meeting, esp. a chance encounter. Also in extended use. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [noun] > encounter

counterc1330

coming ina1398

recountera1470

re-encounter1525

re-encountry1569

rencontre1586

occurrent1592

risconter1592

rencounter1632

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 488 My formalists durst neuer attempt..any passing countenance in our rancounters.

1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice iii. 30 My Eyes and the Picture had never any rencounter since.

1715 J. Vanbrugh tr. F. C. Dancourt Country House i. 15 Bar. We have not seen one another since we were school-fellows before. Marquis. The happiest Rencounter!

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xvi. 127 I was so well pleas'd with this rencounter..that I forgot my resentment.

1785 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 406 My next business..was to be presented [to the king]..I had only to prepare myself for the rencounter.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 88 The casual rencounter had the appearance of a providential interference.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. Sequel 312 Perhaps at this remote season the embarrassment of a rencounter would not have been intense.

1909 R. Brooke Let. Apr. (1968) 165 I don't know what meals (if any) I shall be free for, so I can scarcely arrange any rencounter.

†c. An impact, a collision. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent > collision

hurtlinga1250

rackc1300

rasha1450

collision?a1475

fraying1489

running1538

conflict1555

jostling1580

intershock1611

jostle1611

allision1615

complosion1644

intershocking1652

rencounter1662

interfering1677

shocking1702

bump1843

cannoning1864

confliction1868

boink1963

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §8 By their frequent rancounters and justlings one upon another, they at last link themselves together.

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 199 My Nose and this very Post should have a Rencounter.

1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 67 Projecting Bodies, just at its own height..seem to menace the Eye with a Rencounter.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 92 In this theory, Doctor Hutton wisely steers clear of a rencounter with the sun.

1815 O. Gregory Treat. Mech. (ed. 3) I. ii. 174 To find the time and place of their rencounter.

†3. An experience or event undergone or encountered by a person, esp. an unpleasant one. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > unpleasant experience

rencounter1589

rencontre1661

rub1733

dose1847

cold shower1875

murder1878

bummer1967

1589 J. Eliot tr. Duke de Montpencier in Aduise Catholike Gentleman 44 You haue met with some ill rencounter, which hath hindered you so long from imparting vnto mee your letters.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings v. 4 But now our Lord my God hath geuen me rest round about: there is no satan, nor il rencounter.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 62 The Turkes..were mindfull to giue vs the new rancounter of a second alarum.

1645 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 52 The first rancounter I had at Campheir was that thair I hard that [etc.].

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 114 Our hard entrance into the World, our miserable going out of it, our..sad Rencounters in it.

†4. More fully vessel of rencounter. = retort n.¹ 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > retorts or stills

limbeckc1350

cucurbitc1386

alembicc1405

serpentaryc1450

pelican1527

retort1527

gourd1582

cucurbittel1605

horse-belly1660

long neck1660

philosophical egg1660

infuser1688

chapel1694

rencounter1694

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. vii. 212/1 Cover the Cucurbit with a Vessel of Rencounter, luting it well.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Age Fit a Rencounter to the long Neck, lute the Junctures very close.

†5. Heraldry. The head of a beast shown with full face, but with no part of the neck visible. Also in rencounter (in quot. apparently in extended use, of a fleece). Cf. rencontre n. 6 Obsolete. rare.Never part of English heraldic terminology (the quots. show anglicized forms but are ultimately derived from A. Furetière Dict. universel (1690)); the standard English equivalent would be head caboshed (see caboched adj.).

ΚΠ

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Rencounter, or Rencontre, in Heraldry, is applied to Animals when they shew the Head in Front, with both Eyes, &c.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) He bears Sable, in Rencounter, a Golden Fleece.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rencounterv.

Brit.

/rɛnˈkaʊntə/, U.S.

/rɛnˈkaʊn(t)ər/

Forms:

α. late Middle English–1600s rencountre, late Middle English– rencounter, 1600s rancountre, 1600s–1700s rancounter; also Scottish pre-1700 ranckuntre, pre-1700 rancounter, pre-1700 rancownter, pre-1700 rancowntre, pre-1700 rantcounter, pre-1700 rencowntre.

β. Scottish pre-1700 1800s ramcounter.

Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: rencontre v.; French rencontrer.

Etymology: Alteration of rencontre v. or its etymon French rencontrer after encounter v. Compare later re-encounter v., and also rencounter n.

Now rare.

a. transitive. To engage or encounter (an enemy, an opposing army, etc.) in a battle or fight; (occasionally) spec. to challenge (a person) to a fight or duel. rare after 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > have hostile encounter with

keepc1275

encounterc1300

rencounter1463

counterc1475

re-encounter1523

1463 King Edward IV in J. O. Halliwell Lett. Kings Eng. (1846) I. 131 Purposing, therefore, to enter our land on Monday or Tuesday next coming, arready us, with the mystery of God's might, to rencounter, resist, and repress their intent.

1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 34 Preamble With the Kinges hooste roiall..they were rencountered, vaynquesshed, dispersed.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D5^v But th'Elfin knight,..Him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray.

a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 45 Boadicia..bearing down all before her till rancountred by Suetonius.

1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iv. 90 Forced him to return back into the Battel, where General Sobieski with a party Rencountred him.

1728 Guide to Knowl. Publick Affairs xlviii. 315 The Place where the same Hercules rencountered the famous Giant and Murderer Antæus, and killed him.

1757 W. Maitland Hist. & Antiq. Scotl. II. 975 On her return to Edinburgh, having but a few attendants, she was rencountered by Bothwell, near Linlithgow, with a numerous band.

1772 W. Hooper tr. L. S. Mercier Mem. Year Two Thousand Five Hundred I. xvi. 99 The enraged man..rencountered the other, the day before yesterday, in a private path without the city.

1978 J. A. B. van Buitenen tr. Mahābhārata iv. 99 To get them with all their speed To rencounter this mass of lionlike warriors!

†b. intransitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. With with. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1608 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) II. 539 He thaireftir rancounterit with the said vmq^le Thomas [etc.].

a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) xii. 475 The English rencounters with the Dutch Smyrna fleet..and takes some of them.

1780 Hist. Feuds & Confl. Clans Scotl. 26 It fortuned that Henry Sinclair and his company rencountered first with the Clan-Gun.

†2. intransitive with reciprocal sense. Of two combatants: to encounter each other in battle. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > join or meet in battle

to come togetherOE

to lay togetherc1275

smitec1275

to have, keep, make, smite, strike, battle1297

joustc1330

meetc1330

copec1350

assemblea1375

semblea1375

coup?a1400

to fight togethera1400

strikea1400

joinc1400

to join the battle1455

to commit battle?a1475

rencounter1497

to set ina1500

to pitch a battlea1513

concura1522

rescounter1543

scontre1545

journey1572

shock1575

yoke1581

to give in1610

mix1697

to engage a combat1855

to run (or ride) a-tilt1862

1497 P. Butler Let. 7 Sept. in J. Graves & A. Prim Hist. Cathedral Church St. Canice (1857) ii. ii. 194 S^r James and I..rencountred and fought togeders so long till God had wrought his will upon hym.

1591 King James VI & I Lepanto 11 Betwixt the baptiz'd race And circumcised Turband Turkes, Rencountring in that place.

3. Originally Scottish.

a. transitive. To meet with, esp. to meet (a person) by chance; to encounter, chance upon, come across.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > encounter or experience > of a person

meetOE

rencounter1574

to come on ——a1599

intersect1858

1574 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 404 A schip of the toun of Tweisk..and ane uther schip..wer in thair dew cours rancounterit and takin be a schip of weare.

c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 492 Gif ony persoun..is haldand ane horse..on ane brig..meitis and rancounteris ony uther persoun..drivand twa or ma horse [etc.].

1611 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 157 I wes exceeding glaid to have rencountered that occasion to offer to your lordschip this discours.

1672 T. Shadwell Miser v. 75 I wonder who those Fellows were we rancounter'd last night.

1696 J. Aubrey Miscellanies 72 A Minister walking over the Park to give Sir John Warre a visit, was rencountred by a venerable old man.

1751 T. Mortimer tr. J. Gautier Life & Mil. Exploits Pyrrhus i. 39 He was contented to go as far as the Ocean, subduing every thing that he rencountered on the Way.

1788 Authentic Detail Particulars Relative to Late Duchess Kingston 74 Dessein and her Grace never rencountered each other without parting the dearest friends in the world.

1800 E. A. Kendall Swallow xvii. 131 One day..he rencountered the identical Wagtail.

1889 R. L. Stevenson Master of Ballantrae iv. 97 On the occasion I had the good fortune to rencounter you at Durrisdeer.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 383 One worthy acquaintance, Mr Malachi Mulligan, now appeared in the doorway..accompanied with a friend he had just rencountered.

1997 J. D. Canfield Tricksters & Estates ix. 184 Antonio sweetens his class revenge against Isabella..by arranging for her to rencounter Guiliom in his propria persona.

†b. intransitive. Chiefly Scottish. With with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > come across or meet with

again-comea1382

counterc1475

occur1527

to fall on ——1533

recounter1583

greeta1627

encounter1632

rencounter1632

bemeet1656

pop1668

to fall in1808

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 330 To my great contentment, I rancountred here with a countrey Gentleman of mine.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 373 Vpon the seauenth day, wee rancountred with another soyle.

1644 W. Mure Let. in Wks. (1898) Introd. 16 We are now lying before Newcastle engaiged anew to rancounter w^t new dangers.

a1830 W. Dimond Lady & Devil (1849) i. i. 10 There, upon each succeeding day, have I rencountered with my charmer about the hour of noon.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xix. 218 Him I found already at his desk..in the same ante-room where I rencountered with James More.

†4. intransitive with reciprocal sense. Of people: to meet one another; to meet up. Obsolete. rare (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > come across or meet with > each other

rencounter1601

1601 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rancounter v I howp that the providence off the Almychtie hes maid us so happely to rancounter.

1786 J. Gillies Hist. Anc. Greece I. iii. 130 They seldom rencountered in the streets or walks, without discovering their animosity in mutual reproaches, and sometimes in blows.

1802 Ld. Campbell Let. 8 Sept. in Life (1881) I. iv. 100 They had arrived before me, but through some misunderstanding we never rencountered.

1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes iii. 21 Here it chaunced, that upon their quest, Sir Galahad and Sir Percivale rencountered in the depths of a great forest.

†5.

a. transitive. To collide or come into heavy physical contact with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > collide with

hurtlec1430

to run up against1625

rencounter1671

collide1700

shock1783

1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 38 The Repulse or Antiperistasis, which the hot and dry exhalations meet with by rancountring the cold Clouds.

1685 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II I. 146 Men wander about in the dark, and justle and rancounter one another.

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vii. 201 Swords clashing Swords, and Shields rencountring Shields.

b. intransitive. Of physical objects: to come together, collide. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > collide

hurtle1340

to strike together1340

thrusta1400

fray1483

concura1522

shock1575

to knock together1641

intershock1650

bulgea1676

collide1700

rencounter1712

clash1715

ding1874

bonk1947

1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 8 Could stupid Atomes..From Regions opposite begin their Flight, That here they might Rencounter, here Unite?

1799 W. Jones Adams's Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. (ed. 2) II. xvi. App. 263 The balls will seem to rencounter and pass over each other.

†6. intransitive. To move counter to something. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1689 T. Plunket Char. Good Commander 28 Ran-counter to the counter-part, and you Perchance some un-expected thing may do.

†7. transitive. To oppose, reverse. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]

withgo743

to go again ——OE

withsayc1175

again-goc1275

withsitc1300

thwarta1325

to go against ——a1382

counter1382

repugnc1384

adversea1393

craba1400

gainsaya1400

movec1400

overthwart?a1425

to put (also set) one's face againsta1425

traversea1425

contrairc1425

to take again ——c1425

contraryc1430

to take against ——a1450

opposec1485

again-seta1500

gain?a1500

oppone1500

transverse1532

to come up against1535

heave at1546

to be against1549

encounter1549

to set shoulder against1551

to fly in the face of1553

crossc1555

to cross with1590

countermand1592

forstand1599

opposit1600

thorter1608

obviate1609

disputea1616

obstrigillate1623

contradict1632

avert1635

to set one's hand against1635

top1641

militate1642

to come across ——1653

contrariate1656

to cross upon (or on)1661

shock1667

clash1685

rencounter1689

obtend1697

counteract1708

oppugnate1749

retroact?1761

controvert1782

react1795

to set against ——1859

appose-

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > arrange in sequence or series [verb (transitive)] > reverse natural or proper order

misturna1350

inverse?a1425

invert1533

transvert1552

preposterate1566

retrograde1582

rencounter1689

transverse1738

1689 E. Hickeringill Ceremony-monger v. 49 To Rancounter and Ruffle the whole course of Nature, and make Heaven a pair of Stairs..to Hell.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rencounter
释义	rencountern. Brit. /rɛnˈkaʊntə/, /rɛŋˈkaʊntə/, U.S. /rɛnˈkaʊn(t)ər/, /rɛŋˈkaʊn(t)ər/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s rencountre, 1500s– rencounter, 1600s rancountre, 1600s–1700s rancounter; also Scottish pre-1700 rancounter. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: rencounter v. Etymology: < rencounter v., after Middle French rencontre rencontre n. Compare slightly later re-encounter n. and later rencontre n., and compare also rencountering n. Now rare. 1. a. An encounter or engagement between two opposing military forces; a battle, a skirmish. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] fightc893 coursec1325 stourc1325 acounterc1330 meetingc1330 setc1330 showera1375 brusha1400 semblya1400 hosting1422 poynyec1425 conflictc1440 militancea1460 grate1460 rencounter1471 chaplea1500 flitea1513 concourse?1520 concursion1533 rescounter1543 spurnc1560 rencontrea1572 discourse1573 action1579 combat1582 opposition1598 do1915 1471 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 185 Entendyng fro thens to goo foorth..to the rencountre of the said enemyes. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lxxxiv. 106 At the first rencounter many were ouerthrowen. 1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 56 Amorathe, and Aladino,..in the rencountre that they had wyth Selim [etc.]. 1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 59 Recounte all the..rencounters of a very fewe Catholikes against the heretikes and rebelles in Flanders. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 419 Tartars are not..so manly as the Polonians, who counter-blow them at rancounters. 1682 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 169 There lately happened a rancounter between some forces of the French..and some Spaniards. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 28. ⁋8 There are mentioned several Rencounters between..Detachments of the Swedish and Russian Armies. 1781 T. Jefferson Let. 18 Jan. in Papers (1951) IV. 399 Three little rencounters have happened with the enemy. 1821 W. Aiton Hist. Rencounter at Drumclog iii. 109 There was then no ditch whatever, at or near the place of the rencounter. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xxi. iv. 482 The Russian Armies had only to show themselves to beat the Turks in every rencounter. 1918 Mil. Surgeon 28 368 The various types of engagements must be appreciated and the special conditions that present themselves in a rencounter. b. A hostile engagement between two individuals; a fight; spec. a duel. Now chiefly historical.In early use sometimes distinguishing (after similar use of French rencontre) an unpremeditated duel from a regular, formal one. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun] > single combat or duel handplayeOE deraignc1300 battlea1400 duellation1502 two-hand battlec1503 combat1567 push of pick1578 monomachy1582 combacy1586 hand fight1587 duel1589 rencounter1590 single fight1598 field meeting1603 camp-fight1605 duello1606 judicial combat1610 fight of stand?1611 stand-fight?1611 business1612 monomachia1624 single combat1625 single field1630 duelliona1637 rencontrea1722 affair of honour1737 meeting1813 holmgang1847 mensur1848 duomachy1885 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Bb6 He gan to feare His toward perill,..Which by that new rencounter he should reare. 1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle ii. 14 Pox ont, a Rencounter is nothing when thou art us'd to't. 1686 G. Mackenzie Observ. Acts Parl. 311 Fighting by rencounter may be punished as a duel, though there was no formal cartal. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 39. ⁋7 A Rencounter or Duel was..far from being in Fashion among the Officers that serv'd in the Parliament-Army. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xl. 257 Duelling is often deemed a rencounter, and as such is pardoned. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. v. 124 We will dine together and arrange matters for this rencounter. I hope you understand the use of the weapon? 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. viii. 294 The latter were wont to repair to Granada to settle their affairs of honor, by personal rencounter. 1906 Amer. State Rep. 108 39 You believe from the evidence that Bradley assaulted Morscheimer and brought on the rencounter between himself and Morscheimer. 1978 P. O'Brian Desolation Island ii. 53 You are to consider, that very few rencounters result in so much as a scratch, if that. †c. An argument, dispute, or contest; (in early use) esp. a contest of wit, an exchange of repartee. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition match1531 goala1555 vie1568 skirmish1576 rencounter1594 drop-vie1598 duellism1602 duello1606 bout1609 duel1613 competition1618 matcha1637 tournament1638 contest1648 rencontre1667 pingle?1719 sprawla1813 go1823 bet1843 bucklea1849 comp1929 cook-off1936 title race1948 1594 A. Hume Treat. Felicitie sig. C4^v Pretty and quicke conceits, and rancounters of Comediens. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 386 The Sycilians..are full of witty sentences, and pleasant in their rancounters. 1652 M. Nedham in tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea Ep. Ded. Our late Wars, wherein the Pen Militant hath had as many sharp rancounters as the Sword. 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 166 If so I should, as often it happens in such Rencounters, not onely draw Mr. Bayes, but J. O. too upon my back. 1681 Dialogue Philautus & Timotheus viii. 12 Now for the Rancounter, as thy War-like word is. 1737 L. Clarke Compl. Hist. Bible I. i. 68 This Rencounter had not a little ruffled Jacob's mild Disposition. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) I. 47 We have a right to lard our history with rencounters and conquests of these voracious animals. 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. ix. 212 Mr. Falkland's servants, hearing the bustle of the rencounter [etc.]. 1830 N. S. Wheaton Jrnl. 69 Few quarrels and rencounters happened among the boys. 1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. i. 7 That unequal rencounter between foolish innocence and the predatory. 2. †a. The action or fact of coming together, meeting, or colliding. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1050/1 He was vnhorsed with the rencounter of an english speare. 1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 54 In the various Rencounter of Bodies knocking and jostling one against another the only Part of us that is acted upon, is our Body. 1700 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. conc. Light & Colours in Treat. conc. Search after Truth i. i. 3 All Motions proceed in a right line, unless otherwise determin'd by the Rencounter, of some foreign and particular Causes. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 314 Millions of People dread the Rencounter of an Algerine as they would that of a crew of Dæmons. 1780 T. A. Mann in Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 619 When two equal currents of homogeneous fluids meet in opposite directions, there is first a swelling and rising up of them at the point of rencounter. 1799 W. Godwin St. Leon III. vii. 166 I was made uneasy by the rencounter of the traveller. 1810 W. Marrat Introd. Theory & Pract. Mech. ii. i. 130 In this state, the first point of rencounter may be taken as a new point of departure. 1849 tr. A. Vinet Gospel Stud. 131 It is necessary at the moment of rencounter to put your heart in safety. 1899 C. C. Harrison Circle of Cent. 103 The landlord of the Dog and Duck, bustling out to the rencounter of customers on this dripping evening. b. A meeting, esp. a chance encounter. Also in extended use. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [noun] > encounter counterc1330 coming ina1398 recountera1470 re-encounter1525 re-encountry1569 rencontre1586 occurrent1592 risconter1592 rencounter1632 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 488 My formalists durst neuer attempt..any passing countenance in our rancounters. 1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice iii. 30 My Eyes and the Picture had never any rencounter since. 1715 J. Vanbrugh tr. F. C. Dancourt Country House i. 15 Bar. We have not seen one another since we were school-fellows before. Marquis. The happiest Rencounter! 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xvi. 127 I was so well pleas'd with this rencounter..that I forgot my resentment. 1785 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 406 My next business..was to be presented [to the king]..I had only to prepare myself for the rencounter. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 88 The casual rencounter had the appearance of a providential interference. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. Sequel 312 Perhaps at this remote season the embarrassment of a rencounter would not have been intense. 1909 R. Brooke Let. Apr. (1968) 165 I don't know what meals (if any) I shall be free for, so I can scarcely arrange any rencounter. †c. An impact, a collision. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent > collision hurtlinga1250 rackc1300 rasha1450 collision?a1475 fraying1489 running1538 conflict1555 jostling1580 intershock1611 jostle1611 allision1615 complosion1644 intershocking1652 rencounter1662 interfering1677 shocking1702 bump1843 cannoning1864 confliction1868 boink1963 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §8 By their frequent rancounters and justlings one upon another, they at last link themselves together. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 199 My Nose and this very Post should have a Rencounter. 1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 67 Projecting Bodies, just at its own height..seem to menace the Eye with a Rencounter. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 92 In this theory, Doctor Hutton wisely steers clear of a rencounter with the sun. 1815 O. Gregory Treat. Mech. (ed. 3) I. ii. 174 To find the time and place of their rencounter. †3. An experience or event undergone or encountered by a person, esp. an unpleasant one. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > unpleasant experience rencounter1589 rencontre1661 rub1733 dose1847 cold shower1875 murder1878 bummer1967 1589 J. Eliot tr. Duke de Montpencier in Aduise Catholike Gentleman 44 You haue met with some ill rencounter, which hath hindered you so long from imparting vnto mee your letters. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings v. 4 But now our Lord my God hath geuen me rest round about: there is no satan, nor il rencounter. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 62 The Turkes..were mindfull to giue vs the new rancounter of a second alarum. 1645 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 52 The first rancounter I had at Campheir was that thair I hard that [etc.]. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 114 Our hard entrance into the World, our miserable going out of it, our..sad Rencounters in it. †4. More fully vessel of rencounter. = retort n.¹ 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > retorts or stills limbeckc1350 cucurbitc1386 alembicc1405 serpentaryc1450 pelican1527 retort1527 gourd1582 cucurbittel1605 horse-belly1660 long neck1660 philosophical egg1660 infuser1688 chapel1694 rencounter1694 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. vii. 212/1 Cover the Cucurbit with a Vessel of Rencounter, luting it well. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Age Fit a Rencounter to the long Neck, lute the Junctures very close. †5. Heraldry. The head of a beast shown with full face, but with no part of the neck visible. Also in rencounter (in quot. apparently in extended use, of a fleece). Cf. rencontre n. 6 Obsolete. rare.Never part of English heraldic terminology (the quots. show anglicized forms but are ultimately derived from A. Furetière Dict. universel (1690)); the standard English equivalent would be head caboshed (see caboched adj.). ΚΠ 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Rencounter, or Rencontre, in Heraldry, is applied to Animals when they shew the Head in Front, with both Eyes, &c. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) He bears Sable, in Rencounter, a Golden Fleece. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rencounterv. Brit. /rɛnˈkaʊntə/, U.S. /rɛnˈkaʊn(t)ər/ Forms: α. late Middle English–1600s rencountre, late Middle English– rencounter, 1600s rancountre, 1600s–1700s rancounter; also Scottish pre-1700 ranckuntre, pre-1700 rancounter, pre-1700 rancownter, pre-1700 rancowntre, pre-1700 rantcounter, pre-1700 rencowntre. β. Scottish pre-1700 1800s ramcounter. Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: rencontre v.; French rencontrer. Etymology: Alteration of rencontre v. or its etymon French rencontrer after encounter v. Compare later re-encounter v., and also rencounter n. Now rare. 1. a. transitive. To engage or encounter (an enemy, an opposing army, etc.) in a battle or fight; (occasionally) spec. to challenge (a person) to a fight or duel. rare after 18th cent. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > have hostile encounter with keepc1275 encounterc1300 rencounter1463 counterc1475 re-encounter1523 1463 King Edward IV in J. O. Halliwell Lett. Kings Eng. (1846) I. 131 Purposing, therefore, to enter our land on Monday or Tuesday next coming, arready us, with the mystery of God's might, to rencounter, resist, and repress their intent. 1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 34 Preamble With the Kinges hooste roiall..they were rencountered, vaynquesshed, dispersed. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D5^v But th'Elfin knight,..Him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray. a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 45 Boadicia..bearing down all before her till rancountred by Suetonius. 1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iv. 90 Forced him to return back into the Battel, where General Sobieski with a party Rencountred him. 1728 Guide to Knowl. Publick Affairs xlviii. 315 The Place where the same Hercules rencountered the famous Giant and Murderer Antæus, and killed him. 1757 W. Maitland Hist. & Antiq. Scotl. II. 975 On her return to Edinburgh, having but a few attendants, she was rencountered by Bothwell, near Linlithgow, with a numerous band. 1772 W. Hooper tr. L. S. Mercier Mem. Year Two Thousand Five Hundred I. xvi. 99 The enraged man..rencountered the other, the day before yesterday, in a private path without the city. 1978 J. A. B. van Buitenen tr. Mahābhārata iv. 99 To get them with all their speed To rencounter this mass of lionlike warriors! †b. intransitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. With with. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1608 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) II. 539 He thaireftir rancounterit with the said vmq^le Thomas [etc.]. a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) xii. 475 The English rencounters with the Dutch Smyrna fleet..and takes some of them. 1780 Hist. Feuds & Confl. Clans Scotl. 26 It fortuned that Henry Sinclair and his company rencountered first with the Clan-Gun. †2. intransitive with reciprocal sense. Of two combatants: to encounter each other in battle. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > join or meet in battle to come togetherOE to lay togetherc1275 smitec1275 to have, keep, make, smite, strike, battle1297 joustc1330 meetc1330 copec1350 assemblea1375 semblea1375 coup?a1400 to fight togethera1400 strikea1400 joinc1400 to join the battle1455 to commit battle?a1475 rencounter1497 to set ina1500 to pitch a battlea1513 concura1522 rescounter1543 scontre1545 journey1572 shock1575 yoke1581 to give in1610 mix1697 to engage a combat1855 to run (or ride) a-tilt1862 1497 P. Butler Let. 7 Sept. in J. Graves & A. Prim Hist. Cathedral Church St. Canice (1857) ii. ii. 194 S^r James and I..rencountred and fought togeders so long till God had wrought his will upon hym. 1591 King James VI & I Lepanto 11 Betwixt the baptiz'd race And circumcised Turband Turkes, Rencountring in that place. 3. Originally Scottish. a. transitive. To meet with, esp. to meet (a person) by chance; to encounter, chance upon, come across. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (transitive)] > encounter or experience > of a person meetOE rencounter1574 to come on ——a1599 intersect1858 1574 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 404 A schip of the toun of Tweisk..and ane uther schip..wer in thair dew cours rancounterit and takin be a schip of weare. c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 492 Gif ony persoun..is haldand ane horse..on ane brig..meitis and rancounteris ony uther persoun..drivand twa or ma horse [etc.]. 1611 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 157 I wes exceeding glaid to have rencountered that occasion to offer to your lordschip this discours. 1672 T. Shadwell Miser v. 75 I wonder who those Fellows were we rancounter'd last night. 1696 J. Aubrey Miscellanies 72 A Minister walking over the Park to give Sir John Warre a visit, was rencountred by a venerable old man. 1751 T. Mortimer tr. J. Gautier Life & Mil. Exploits Pyrrhus i. 39 He was contented to go as far as the Ocean, subduing every thing that he rencountered on the Way. 1788 Authentic Detail Particulars Relative to Late Duchess Kingston 74 Dessein and her Grace never rencountered each other without parting the dearest friends in the world. 1800 E. A. Kendall Swallow xvii. 131 One day..he rencountered the identical Wagtail. 1889 R. L. Stevenson Master of Ballantrae iv. 97 On the occasion I had the good fortune to rencounter you at Durrisdeer. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. 383 One worthy acquaintance, Mr Malachi Mulligan, now appeared in the doorway..accompanied with a friend he had just rencountered. 1997 J. D. Canfield Tricksters & Estates ix. 184 Antonio sweetens his class revenge against Isabella..by arranging for her to rencounter Guiliom in his propria persona. †b. intransitive. Chiefly Scottish. With with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > come across or meet with again-comea1382 counterc1475 occur1527 to fall on ——1533 recounter1583 greeta1627 encounter1632 rencounter1632 bemeet1656 pop1668 to fall in1808 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 330 To my great contentment, I rancountred here with a countrey Gentleman of mine. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 373 Vpon the seauenth day, wee rancountred with another soyle. 1644 W. Mure Let. in Wks. (1898) Introd. 16 We are now lying before Newcastle engaiged anew to rancounter w^t new dangers. a1830 W. Dimond Lady & Devil (1849) i. i. 10 There, upon each succeeding day, have I rencountered with my charmer about the hour of noon. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xix. 218 Him I found already at his desk..in the same ante-room where I rencountered with James More. †4. intransitive with reciprocal sense. Of people: to meet one another; to meet up. Obsolete. rare (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > come across or meet with > each other rencounter1601 1601 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rancounter v I howp that the providence off the Almychtie hes maid us so happely to rancounter. 1786 J. Gillies Hist. Anc. Greece I. iii. 130 They seldom rencountered in the streets or walks, without discovering their animosity in mutual reproaches, and sometimes in blows. 1802 Ld. Campbell Let. 8 Sept. in Life (1881) I. iv. 100 They had arrived before me, but through some misunderstanding we never rencountered. 1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes iii. 21 Here it chaunced, that upon their quest, Sir Galahad and Sir Percivale rencountered in the depths of a great forest. †5. a. transitive. To collide or come into heavy physical contact with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > collide with hurtlec1430 to run up against1625 rencounter1671 collide1700 shock1783 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 38 The Repulse or Antiperistasis, which the hot and dry exhalations meet with by rancountring the cold Clouds. 1685 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II I. 146 Men wander about in the dark, and justle and rancounter one another. 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vii. 201 Swords clashing Swords, and Shields rencountring Shields. b. intransitive. Of physical objects: to come together, collide. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > collide hurtle1340 to strike together1340 thrusta1400 fray1483 concura1522 shock1575 to knock together1641 intershock1650 bulgea1676 collide1700 rencounter1712 clash1715 ding1874 bonk1947 1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 8 Could stupid Atomes..From Regions opposite begin their Flight, That here they might Rencounter, here Unite? 1799 W. Jones Adams's Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. (ed. 2) II. xvi. App. 263 The balls will seem to rencounter and pass over each other. †6. intransitive. To move counter to something. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1689 T. Plunket Char. Good Commander 28 Ran-counter to the counter-part, and you Perchance some un-expected thing may do. †7. transitive. To oppose, reverse. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] withgo743 to go again ——OE withsayc1175 again-goc1275 withsitc1300 thwarta1325 to go against ——a1382 counter1382 repugnc1384 adversea1393 craba1400 gainsaya1400 movec1400 overthwart?a1425 to put (also set) one's face againsta1425 traversea1425 contrairc1425 to take again ——c1425 contraryc1430 to take against ——a1450 opposec1485 again-seta1500 gain?a1500 oppone1500 transverse1532 to come up against1535 heave at1546 to be against1549 encounter1549 to set shoulder against1551 to fly in the face of1553 crossc1555 to cross with1590 countermand1592 forstand1599 opposit1600 thorter1608 obviate1609 disputea1616 obstrigillate1623 contradict1632 avert1635 to set one's hand against1635 top1641 militate1642 to come across ——1653 contrariate1656 to cross upon (or on)1661 shock1667 clash1685 rencounter1689 obtend1697 counteract1708 oppugnate1749 retroact?1761 controvert1782 react1795 to set against ——1859 appose- the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > arrange in sequence or series [verb (transitive)] > reverse natural or proper order misturna1350 inverse?a1425 invert1533 transvert1552 preposterate1566 retrograde1582 rencounter1689 transverse1738 1689 E. Hickeringill Ceremony-monger v. 49 To Rancounter and Ruffle the whole course of Nature, and make Heaven a pair of Stairs..to Hell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1471v.1463
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