Reichn.

Brit.

/rʌɪx/,

/rʌɪk/, U.S.

/raɪk/

Inflections: Plural Reichs, (rare) Reiche.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Reich.

Etymology: < German Reich kingdom, realm, empire, normally denoting a monarchy, but also used of the Weimar Republic (see riche n.). In German Reich after German deutsches Reich, Deutsches Reich (unofficially) the Holy Roman Empire (1709 or earlier; originally short for Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation : see Holy Roman Empire n.), (officially) the German Empire and its successor states 1871–1945 (1871). Compare earlier Reichsthaler n., Reichschancellor n., etc.The German Empire of 1871 was named with conscious reference to the Holy Roman Empire, a tradition which was continued in its successor states up to 1945. In this period, terminology from the time of the Holy Roman Empire was used (and in some cases, revived) to refer to state offices and institutions (e.g. Reichstag Reichstag n. Reichskanzler Reichskanzler n.). The irregular use of Reich and its compounds to refer to a non-monarchical state between 1919 and 1945 is a result of this tradition. Compounds with the German combining form Reichs- are also found in English, chiefly with reference to the period from 1871 to 1945; most of these are direct borrowings of German compounds (e.g. Reichsbank n., Reichsmark n., Reichstag n.), but some are partial anglicizations (Reichschancellor n., Reichschancellery n.). In First Reich n. and Second Reich n. at sense 2 after German erstes Reich and zweites Reich, respectively (both 1923: see note at sense 2). Compare Third Reich n. The plural form Reiche is after the German plural.

1. More fully German Reich.

a. The Holy Roman Empire. Also Holy Roman Reich. Cf. First Reich n. at sense 2. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Germany

Reich1762

Reich1875

Third Reich1930

Weimar1932

new order1940

Thousand-Year Reich1946

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. IV. 4 The Empire [Ger. das deutsche Reich] is differently denominated as well by Germans themselves as by others. It is called the Reich [Ger. das Reich]..by way of eminence, as also the German Reich [Ger. das deutsche Reich].

1852 Times 6 July 6/4 It was the old court of appeal of the Reich, remarkable in its time, even among other courts, for its majestic slowness of procedure.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xix. ix. 628 The whole German Reich was deluged with secret Prussian Enlisters.

1870 Ladies' Repository Aug. 116/2 Kaiser Max,..just entering upon the possession of the Holy Roman Reich.

1941 Rev. Politics 3 450 The tradition of the Holy Roman Reich of the German Nation never had been wholly extinct.

1999 R. W. Gutman Mozart xxxiii. 711 For the moment the Reich had not even an emperor elect, for Leopold had never become King of the Romans.

2001 S. Murdoch Scotl. & Thirty Years' War 3 Frederick's election..involved the House of Stuart directly in the unfolding events in the German Reich.

b. Originally: the German Empire, 1871–1918. Subsequently: the German state under the Weimar Republic and Nazi rule (1919–45). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Germany

Reich1762

Reich1875

Third Reich1930

Weimar1932

new order1940

Thousand-Year Reich1946

1875 Times 27 Jan. 7/4 The resolution..to enlarge the powers of the Central Legislature and include civil law among the topics appertaining to the Reich.

1921 Times 19 Jan. 11/2 All the States proclaim..their loyalty to the Reich.

1924 Hansard Commons 16 Jan. 152 We have always pointed out that,..if any part of the German Reich wished to set up an autonomous area for itself, they must utilise their own constitutional machinery.

1933 Times 15 Mar. 15/2 During the past week the Nazi steam-roller has passed over every one of the seventeen Federal States of the Reich.

1946 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 341/2 Germany was deprived not only of all Hitler's annexations of territory, but also of all former German reich territory east of the Oder and western Neisse rivers.

1972 F. Forsyth Odessa File ii. 46 I have commandeered this ship in the name of the Reich.

2005 V. Seth Two Lives (2006) iii. xviii. 268 She was a Jew and this made Hans, in the taxonomy of the Reich, a Mischling (half-breed).

2. Preceded by an ordinal number: each of the empires or regimes posited by German nationalist, esp. Nazi, historians as stages in the development of the German state, culminating in the establishment of the Third Reich (Third Reich n.); (in extended use) a political regime comparable to or seen as continuing the ideology of Nazi Germany. Now historical except in extended use. First Reich n., the Holy Roman Empire, 962–1806. Second Reich n., the German Empire, 1871–1918.First suggested by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (1876–1925), a nationalist and conservative German historian, in his book Das Dritte Reich (1923); his ideas, esp. that of the Third Reich, were influential in the development of Nazi ideology in the 1920s. Apart from Third Reich, these terms are not part of normal historical terminology, largely on account of their association with Nazi historiography.

ΚΠ

1930 Times 26 Sept. 12/2 They hoped for the Third Reich, which would have as its keystone the conception of the people and the national idea.

1949 Tablet 3 Sept. 147/1 The overthrowal of the Second Reich of the Hohenzollerns.

1950 R. Haeger in A. Settel This is Germany i. 1 A wry joke in the form of a rhymed prayer buzzed through American-held Bavaria. It went like this: God, give us the Fifth Reich. The Third and Fourth are just alike.

1973 Nature 14 Sept. 107/2 The Jews had been emancipated in Prussia in 1812 and..had come to occupy high places in the Second Reich.

1976 New Yorker 8 Mar. 130/2 The villains here are a secret ‘Comrades Organization’ of ex-Nazis, who live in Brazil and hope to establish a Fourth Reich.

1986 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 58 Suppl. S1 James Bryce..portrayed the First Reich as a cumbrous, ‘un-German’ organism.

2006 G. Spence Bloodthirsty Bitches & Pious Pimps of Power xii. 201 (heading) The rise of the Fourth Reich... If we have not already arrived, the road we travel is one inevitably leading to a corporate-government oligarchy we may politely call electoral fascism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reich
释义	Reichn. Brit. /rʌɪx/, /rʌɪk/, U.S. /raɪk/ Inflections: Plural Reichs, (rare) Reiche. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Reich. Etymology: < German Reich kingdom, realm, empire, normally denoting a monarchy, but also used of the Weimar Republic (see riche n.). In German Reich after German deutsches Reich, Deutsches Reich (unofficially) the Holy Roman Empire (1709 or earlier; originally short for Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation : see Holy Roman Empire n.), (officially) the German Empire and its successor states 1871–1945 (1871). Compare earlier Reichsthaler n., Reichschancellor n., etc.The German Empire of 1871 was named with conscious reference to the Holy Roman Empire, a tradition which was continued in its successor states up to 1945. In this period, terminology from the time of the Holy Roman Empire was used (and in some cases, revived) to refer to state offices and institutions (e.g. Reichstag Reichstag n. Reichskanzler Reichskanzler n.). The irregular use of Reich and its compounds to refer to a non-monarchical state between 1919 and 1945 is a result of this tradition. Compounds with the German combining form Reichs- are also found in English, chiefly with reference to the period from 1871 to 1945; most of these are direct borrowings of German compounds (e.g. Reichsbank n., Reichsmark n., Reichstag n.), but some are partial anglicizations (Reichschancellor n., Reichschancellery n.). In First Reich n. and Second Reich n. at sense 2 after German erstes Reich and zweites Reich, respectively (both 1923: see note at sense 2). Compare Third Reich n. The plural form Reiche is after the German plural. 1. More fully German Reich. a. The Holy Roman Empire. Also Holy Roman Reich. Cf. First Reich n. at sense 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Germany Reich1762 Reich1875 Third Reich1930 Weimar1932 new order1940 Thousand-Year Reich1946 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. IV. 4 The Empire [Ger. das deutsche Reich] is differently denominated as well by Germans themselves as by others. It is called the Reich [Ger. das Reich]..by way of eminence, as also the German Reich [Ger. das deutsche Reich]. 1852 Times 6 July 6/4 It was the old court of appeal of the Reich, remarkable in its time, even among other courts, for its majestic slowness of procedure. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xix. ix. 628 The whole German Reich was deluged with secret Prussian Enlisters. 1870 Ladies' Repository Aug. 116/2 Kaiser Max,..just entering upon the possession of the Holy Roman Reich. 1941 Rev. Politics 3 450 The tradition of the Holy Roman Reich of the German Nation never had been wholly extinct. 1999 R. W. Gutman Mozart xxxiii. 711 For the moment the Reich had not even an emperor elect, for Leopold had never become King of the Romans. 2001 S. Murdoch Scotl. & Thirty Years' War 3 Frederick's election..involved the House of Stuart directly in the unfolding events in the German Reich. b. Originally: the German Empire, 1871–1918. Subsequently: the German state under the Weimar Republic and Nazi rule (1919–45). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Germany Reich1762 Reich1875 Third Reich1930 Weimar1932 new order1940 Thousand-Year Reich1946 1875 Times 27 Jan. 7/4 The resolution..to enlarge the powers of the Central Legislature and include civil law among the topics appertaining to the Reich. 1921 Times 19 Jan. 11/2 All the States proclaim..their loyalty to the Reich. 1924 Hansard Commons 16 Jan. 152 We have always pointed out that,..if any part of the German Reich wished to set up an autonomous area for itself, they must utilise their own constitutional machinery. 1933 Times 15 Mar. 15/2 During the past week the Nazi steam-roller has passed over every one of the seventeen Federal States of the Reich. 1946 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 341/2 Germany was deprived not only of all Hitler's annexations of territory, but also of all former German reich territory east of the Oder and western Neisse rivers. 1972 F. Forsyth Odessa File ii. 46 I have commandeered this ship in the name of the Reich. 2005 V. Seth Two Lives (2006) iii. xviii. 268 She was a Jew and this made Hans, in the taxonomy of the Reich, a Mischling (half-breed). 2. Preceded by an ordinal number: each of the empires or regimes posited by German nationalist, esp. Nazi, historians as stages in the development of the German state, culminating in the establishment of the Third Reich (Third Reich n.); (in extended use) a political regime comparable to or seen as continuing the ideology of Nazi Germany. Now historical except in extended use. First Reich n., the Holy Roman Empire, 962–1806. Second Reich n., the German Empire, 1871–1918.First suggested by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (1876–1925), a nationalist and conservative German historian, in his book Das Dritte Reich (1923); his ideas, esp. that of the Third Reich, were influential in the development of Nazi ideology in the 1920s. Apart from Third Reich, these terms are not part of normal historical terminology, largely on account of their association with Nazi historiography. ΚΠ 1930 Times 26 Sept. 12/2 They hoped for the Third Reich, which would have as its keystone the conception of the people and the national idea. 1949 Tablet 3 Sept. 147/1 The overthrowal of the Second Reich of the Hohenzollerns. 1950 R. Haeger in A. Settel This is Germany i. 1 A wry joke in the form of a rhymed prayer buzzed through American-held Bavaria. It went like this: God, give us the Fifth Reich. The Third and Fourth are just alike. 1973 Nature 14 Sept. 107/2 The Jews had been emancipated in Prussia in 1812 and..had come to occupy high places in the Second Reich. 1976 New Yorker 8 Mar. 130/2 The villains here are a secret ‘Comrades Organization’ of ex-Nazis, who live in Brazil and hope to establish a Fourth Reich. 1986 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 58 Suppl. S1 James Bryce..portrayed the First Reich as a cumbrous, ‘un-German’ organism. 2006 G. Spence Bloodthirsty Bitches & Pious Pimps of Power xii. 201 (heading) The rise of the Fourth Reich... If we have not already arrived, the road we travel is one inevitably leading to a corporate-government oligarchy we may politely call electoral fascism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1762
随便看	angelman syndrome angelocracy angelography angelolatry angelological angelologies angelologist angelologists angelology angelomachy ant colony ant community ant cow ant egg ant farm ant guest ant heap ant lion ant lions ant mound ant nest ant orchid ant orchis ant plant ant rice