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单词 regulation
释义

regulationn.adj.

Brit. /ˌrɛɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛɡ(j)əˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: 1600s– regulation; U.S. regional 1800s reggelation, 1800s reglashin.
Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin regulation- , regulatio ; regulate v., -ion suffix1.
Etymology: Either < post-classical Latin regulation-, regulatio (from 13th cent. in British sources), or independently < regulate v. + -ion suffix1 (compare -ation suffix). Compare French régulation (c1470 in Middle French in an isolated attestation in sense ‘power, sovereignty’, subsequently from 1832), Catalan regulació (1554), Spanish regulación (first half of the 16th cent.), Italian regolazione (a1311).In sense A. 5a after German Regulation (H. Driesch 1898, in Ergebnisse der Anat. u. Entwickelungsgeschichte 8 718).
A. n.
1. The action or fact of regulating (in various senses of regulate v.); an instance of this. Also: the state of being regulated.In quots. 1688, 1849: spec. with reference to the activities of the 17th-cent. regulators (see regulator n. 3).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation
ordinancec1384
rule1438
ordera1500
reglement1604
regulation1611
correction1657
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > action of winding or setting
winding1630
rewinding1785
regulation1885
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. xiv. 611 Such transcendent courses deuiating from all due regulation of Iustice, haue been too frequent in this Kingdome.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xxxviii. 173 The regulation of the motion of the wing.
1676 G. Carew Fraud & Oppress. Detected & Arraigned 40 In all regulations of trade, and Treaties Marine, both parties should have their respective Considerations of advantage.
1676 G. Towerson Explic. Decalogue 501 The whole duty of man..as concerns the regulation of our manners.
1688 Acct. Late Proposals Archbishop of Canterbury in G. Burnet Coll. Papers 9 He would..restore to those Corporations which had been already disturbed, their ancient Charters, Priviledges, Grants, and Immunities, and Condemn all those late Illegal Regulations of Corporations.
1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 389 The Regulation and Supervisal of the whole Course of a Man's Life.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xviii. 459 The advancement and regulation of manufactures and commerce.
1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts in Wks. (1815) IV. 199 For the interiour regulation of India, a minute knowledge of India is requisite.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xlviii. 590 The regulation of the calendar, and the prediction of eclipses, were regarded in this country [sc. China] as important objects.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. viii. 334 From the records of the Privy Council it appears that the number of regulations, as they were called, exceeded two hundred.
1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 316/2 Regulation is effected by raising the pendulum bob to make the clock go faster.
1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism iv. 260 What the poor need for their spiritual health is..‘regulation’, and regulation is possible only if they work under the eye of an employer.
1953 Ann. Reg. 1952 145 This plan provides for the discussion of the regulation of all armaments..and of their disclosure and verification by two committees.
1969 E. P. Anderson Home Appliance Servicing (ed. 2) ii. 26 One type of thermostat usually employed in the regulation of temperature in electrical home appliances depends for its operation on the expansion of metals.
2005 L. H. Kaufman Leaders Count viii. 215 Under regulation, a railroad had been expected to cross-subsidize various lines of business.
2. A rule or principle governing behaviour or practice; esp. such a directive established and maintained by an authority.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule
lawa1225
precepta1325
line1340
observancea1382
rulea1387
reglec1475
regimentc1485
reuglec1485
instruction1526
maxima1564
maxim1578
preception1620
reglement1622
positure1624
gnomon1627
regulationa1640
parapegm1646
rubric1891
reg1904
a1640 L. Roberts Treasure of Traffike (1641) 72 What decrees and ordinances are enacted in foraine states or countries..and how to meet with, and prevent the same by counter Decrees, and Regulations.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 462 And then several regulations were made, chiefly the famed ones at Clarendon.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. vii. 263 The nature of foreign trade, it's privileges, regulations, and restrictions.
1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man II. ii. x. 51 I heartily approve every regulation that tends to prevent idleness.
1809 C. Mackenzie in Asiatic Researches (London ed.) 9 244 Books on the laws, customs, ceremonies and regulations of the Jain religion.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 368 The government did not venture..to enforce a regulation of which the legality might well be questioned.
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood ii. 12 It's against regulations for me to call at night.
1911 R. G. S. Williams Austral. White Slaves 72 He was leg-ironed, in accordance with the prison regulations.
1971 C. J. White Introd. Coal Mining Industry x. 99 Explosions of the deadly firedamp gas and the resultant heavy toll of life gave rise to a spate of rules and regulations.
2000 Pop. Sci. June 33/1 Both cars meet California's tough regulations for Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles.
3. North American. Frequently with capital initial. The protest or uprising by the Regulator Movement (Regulator movement n. at regulator n. Compounds 2); (also) the movement itself. Now historical.
ΚΠ
1768 Scots Mag. Oct. 546/2 They unanimously adopted the plan of regulation, and are now executing it with indefatigable ardour.
1809 D. Ramsay Hist. S. Carolina I. vi. 213 This mode of proceeding was called regulation, and its authors and friends regulators.
1812 H. Williamson Hist. N. Carolina 128 The Regulation began in the northern part of the colony.
1856 Southern Literary Messenger Sept. 164/2 As the Revolution had its Arnold and its Conway, so the Regulation had its crowd of rioters.
1916 Amer. Hist. Rev. 21 320 The Regulation has been exhaustively studied, and is still something of a cause célèbre in North Carolina history.
2002 M. Kars Breaking Loose Together ii. 26 Contrasting goals and values lay at the heart of the deep social unrest known as the Regulation, which was to divide the region bitterly.
4. Electrical Engineering. The degree to which the output voltage of a circuit or device remains unchanged as the load is varied, typically expressed as the percentage change in the former for a given change in the latter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [noun] > maintaining constancy
regulation1889
1889 E. W. Rice U.S. Patent 396,602 3/1 I am thus enabled..to obtain a fairly good regulation of the electro-motive force fed to the circuit in proportion to the load.
1947 Proc. IRE 35 444/2 The operations can be performed to any desired degree of precision, providing power supplies of excellent regulation and circuit components of high precision are used.
1975 Physics Bull. June 247/2 (advt.) Excellent regulation of 0·005%, stability to 0·01% and low noise combine to assume high output resolution.
2005 A. R. Hambley Electr. Engin. (ed. 3) xv. 723 Poor regulation in a residence would mean that the lights dim when an electric clothes dryer is started.
5. Biology.
a. The process whereby a living organism, embryo, etc., adapts its structure in order to accommodate disturbances or damage that it undergoes, so that it develops as an integrated whole.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > mechanism for self-regulation > [noun]
regulation1898
servo1953
servomechanism1953
1898 Science 4 Feb. 160/2 There is adaptiveness also in regeneration and self-regulation of the organism... These questions can be answered by paying attention to cases of unadaptive response and unadaptive regeneration and regulation.
1928 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 261 For Haldane, regulation places organisms in a different category from any non-living systems: for Driesch, it demands the intervention of vitalistic ‘forces’.
1948 New Biol. 5 121 This phenomenon of regulation, the adjustment of the entire developmental mechanism to disturbances.., is a characteristic of the early stages of development of many kinds of animals.
1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. xiii. 422 Eggs..which have the capacity to redevelop normally after a disturbance, are known as regulation eggs.
2006 Development. Biol. 297 304/1 The embryos can undergo regulation if the D quadrant macromere is removed.
b. Genetics. The control of gene expression.
ΚΠ
1927 Science 21 Oct. 365/2 A theory of quantitative regulation of the genes, according to which each gene..enters into activity at a rate..proportional to a precisely regulated initial quantity.
1963 Proc. 16th Internat. Congr. Zool. II. 243 Changes in histone proteins permit an estimate of the variety and proportions of histone molecules available for possible gene regulation.
1983 E. F. Keller Feeling for Organism i. 7 Monod and Jacob worked out a mechanism for genetic regulation that allowed for environmental control of the rates of protein production.
2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 May 17/4 The regulation of genes inside the embryo..is part of a larger set of processes that allow organisms to experiment with evolution.
B. adj.
That is prescribed by, or in accordance with, a regulation or regulations; (hence) standard; of a typical or predictable type.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > usual or customary
wonesomec1200
wonec1275
customable1381
customeda1382
useda1382
wonta1382
wonted1408
accustomed1429
vulgarc1430
usualc1444
famosec1449
customalc1450
accustomablec1475
accustomatea1513
frequent1531
accustomary1541
customary1574
frequented1586
consuetudinary1590
ordinary1605
consuetudinal1656
habitual1689
solent1694
regulation1803
usitate1885
1803 Times 8 Oct. 2/3 It is said, that all the Volunteers are to wear Regulation Caps.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xviii. 306 The regulation mode of cutting the hair.
1855 G. J. Whyte-Melville Gen. Bounce I. xi. 246 The handsome lieutenant was already wrapped in slumber and an enormous rough great-coat (not strictly regulation).
1865 J. Morley Mod. Characteristics 168 Conversation is, as a rule, reduced to a regulation level of decorous flatness.
1917 R. Batchelder Watching & Waiting on Border iv. 52 Everything which the soldier uses or wears must be ‘regulation’.
1977 B. Pym Quartet in Autumn i. 12 The regulation plastic water-jug and glass.
1999 D. Sobel Galileo's Daughter (2000) ii. 19 By the end of the year, the university authorities were docking his pay for a different sort of infraction: his refusal to wear the regulation academic regalia at all times.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as regulation book, regulation district, regulation office, regulation order, etc.
ΚΠ
1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scotl. 28 Rules of OEconomy and Management..which..may be entered in the Regulation Book, so be observed as Law for Government of the House.
1816 Times 11 Nov. 2/3 Capt. Richbell, late of His Majesty's Regulation-office for seamen.
1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 121 The presidency of Bengal is divided into sixteen provinces, in seven of which..certain regulations prevail... These former are called regulation districts.
1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 123 Surat [etc.]..constitute the regulation collectorates; Scinde, Sattarah,..comprise the non-regulation divisions.
1904 C. R. Henderson Mod. Methods Charity iv. 188 The exceptional cases in which outdoor relief can be granted under the prohibitory order are also valid under the regulation order.
1918 Times 7 Dec. 5/2 40 prisoners had secured repatriation to Germany in consequence of forgery and other irregularities of Germans employed in the camp regulation office.
2005 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 55 588 By exhaustive analysis of the statute and regulation books, he refuted Hewart comprehensively.
C2.
Regulation movement n. American History = Regulator movement n. at regulator n. Compounds 2; see also regulator n. 4.
ΚΠ
1849 Sartain's Mag. Dec. 352/1 Soon after the Revolution, the leading men out of North Carolina, regarded this regulation movement as a mere riot; but now, after the lapse of a century, the leading men see in this ‘tumultuous outbreak’ the first indications of that restless and mighty spirit which is destined to regulate the world.]
1867 A. Gregg Hist. Old Cheraws 130 Such, however, was not the history of the Regulation Movement on the Pedee.
1919 C. L. Skinner Pioneers of Old Southwest viii. 159 Meanwhile the Regulation Movement stirred the Back Country of both the Carolinas.
1994 Amer. Hist. Rev. 99 966/2 These feelings were manifest in the Regulation movement of the late 1760s.
regulation roll n. Scots Law (now historical) one of the rolls of the Court of Session, containing a list of those cases in which no appearance has been made for the defender.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [noun] > list of undefended cases
regulation roll1711
1711 J. Spotiswood Form of Process p. xi After finishing his Suspension &c. Roll, he would call the Causes in the Regulation Roll of ordinary Actions.
1825 Act 6 George IV c. 120 §29 All the Actions above enumerated, originating in the Court of Session, shall be first enrolled in..the Regulation Roll.
1990 I. Macleod et al. Scots Thes. 236/1 Regulation roll, a roll of the Court of Session listing jury cases or those where no appearance had been made for the defender.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1611
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