besomn.

/biːzəm/

Forms: Old English–Middle English besma, Old English besema, Middle English besem, Middle English besme, Middle English beesme, bisme, Middle English besum, Middle English besumme, bessume, besowme, Middle English–1600s besome, 1500s bysom, beasome, bessem, 1500s–1700s beesom(e, 1600s beesum, beasom, (1500s Scottish boosome, 1600s bissome, 1800s dialect bezom, bizzim, buzzom), Middle English– besom.

Etymology: Common West Germanic: Old English besema, besma (= Old Frisian besma, Old High German besamo, Middle High German besme, besem, modern German besen, Dutch bezem) < Germanic *besmon- (not found in East Germanic). Ulterior derivation obscure.

†1. A bundle of rods or twigs used as an instrument of punishment; a birch. Obsolete. (Latin fascis.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > rod or birch

besomc893

yardc1000

rodlOE

baleysa1259

ferule1559

scutcher1611

birch1648

whisk rod1688

twig1736

fasces1762

tickler1765

tickle-tail1785

wand1828

tickle-toby1830

birch-rod1834

birch-wand1876

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. ii. iii. §2 He..hy..het gebindan, and..mid besman swingan.

a1225 St. Marher. 5 [He] strupeth hire steorcnaket..ant beateth hire bare bodi with bittere besmen.

a1225 Juliana 16 Þu schalt beon ibeaten mid besmes.

2. An implement for sweeping, usually made of a bunch of broom, heather, birch, or other twigs bound together round a handle; a broom. (Dialectally, as in Scotland, the generic name for sweeping implements of any material, e.g. a heather, birch, or broom besom, a hair besom; but in literary English ‘broom’ is now generic, and ‘besom’ specific.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom

besomc1000

bast broom1357

brush1377

broom14..

sweepc1475

duster1575

bristle brush1601

broom-besom1693

flag-broom1697

stock-brush1700

whisk1745

birch-broom1747

hair-broom1753

spry1796

corn-broomc1810

pope's head1824

whisker1825

sweeping-brusha1828

swish1844

spoke-brush1851

whisk broom1857

Turk's head1859

wisp1875

tube-brush1877

bass-broom?1881

crumb-brush1884

dusting-brush1907

palmetto brush1913

suede brush1915

swale1949

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 44 He gemet hyt æmtig, and geclænsod mid besmum[v.r. besemum].

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 Mid beseme clene swopen.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xii. 44 Clensid with bismes [a1425 L.V. besyms].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clix. 1055 Of bowes and sprayes þerof [sc. birche] beþ besomes ymade.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 33 Besme or besowme[1499 besym], scopa.

1493 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 185 A bessume of pekoks fethers.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Beasome, Loke in browme.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 44 There is no more difference betweene them, then betweene a Broome and a Besome.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 109 Wee make the Miller take a beesome and sweepe a place.

1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. ii. iii. 186 He swept the Temple with a beasom of Lawrel.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 51 The..bath is scrubbed all over with a birchen beesom.

1857 H. G. Bohn Handbk. Prov. There is little for the rake after the besom.

3. figurative. Any agent that cleanses, purifies, or sweeps away things material or immaterial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > clearing or sweeping away > riddance > a means of

besomc1380

riddance1567

purgation1581

c1380 J. Wyclif De Papa in Wks. (1880) 468 Ȝif he & his secte be..clensid wiþ besumms.

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. xlviii Swepe thy soule clene wyth the besome of the drede of god.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xiv. 23 I will sweepe it with the besome of destruction.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xix. 31 The riuer Kishon, Gods besome to sweep away Sisera's great armie.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. ix. 160 With steel-besom, Rascality is brushed back into its dim depths.

1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 iv. 30 Grandly the cloud-besom swept the mountains.

4. figurative. Anything resembling a besom in shape; spec. applied to a comet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > comet > [noun]

faxed stareOE

cometOE

blazing starc1503

besom1566

crinital star1580

blazera1635

Dog Star1727

sword-star1852

sungrazer1887

cometesimal1964

1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 254 A comet..called ‘The fyrie boosome.’

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) ii. 94 A Comet of that kind which..the vulgars [call] a firie Bissome.

5. Applied dialectally to heath and broom, plants used for besoms. (Cf. broom n., in its two senses.)

ΚΠ

1796 W. Marshall Rural Econ. W. Eng. II. 324 Beesom or bizzom (Spartium Scoparium), the Broom plant.

1864 E. Capern Devon Provincialism Bizzim, Heath.

1878 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 26 Basam, Basom, Bassam or Bisom, Sarothamnus scoparius.

6. A contemptuous or jocular designation for a woman. Scottish and dialect. (Pronounced

/ˈbɪzəm/; also

/ˈbʌzəm/).

ΚΠ

1808–1929 in Sc. National Dict.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 206 To set up to be sae muckle better than ither folk, the auld besom.

1930 J. Buchan Castle Gay xvi. 255 She's a determined besom.

a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) v. i. 276 Gosh! The little besom!

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

besom-handle n.

besom-staff n.

C2.

besom-head n. figurative a foolish or stupid person, a blockhead.

besom-headed adj.

ΚΠ

1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. at Bezom ‘He's as fond as a bezom,’ or ‘bezom-headed,’ very foolish indeed.

besom-heath n. heath used for making besoms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom > material of

besom-heath1757

1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 829 Erica brabantica..Low Dutch Heath, or Besom Heath.

besom-rider n. a witch, from the popular notion that they rode on broom-sticks.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > sorcerer or magician > witch > [noun]

walkyrieOE

witchOE

hagc1230

strya1300

wise woman1382

sorceressc1384

luller14..

tylyester14..

chantressc1425

magicienne1490

gyre-carline1535

witch-womana1538

eye-biter1584

beldama1586

witch-wife1591

cunning woman1594

saga?a1600

magha1609

magicianess1651

hag-witcha1658

haggard1658

besom-rider1664

wizardess1789

fly-by-night1796

lucky1827

bruja1829

weird-woman1845

hex1856

Baba Yaga1857

pishogue1906

witcher1928

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 161 Defaming them for Beesom-riders or witches.

besom-tail n. a tail formed like a besom, a bushy tail.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [adjective] > relating to the tail > having a tail > having a bushy tail > bushy

bush-tail1606

besom-tail1678

1678 London Gaz. No. 1356/4 Lost or stolen..one of the King's Setting Dogs..a long beesum tail.

besom-tailed adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [adjective] > relating to the tail > having a tail > having a bushy tail

besom-tailed1695

brushing1734

brush-tailed1853

bushy-tailed1868

bush-tailed1872

1695 London Gaz. No. 3086/4 A dark Iron grey Mare..Silver Eyed, and Besome Tailed.

besom-weed n. = 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > broom and allies > [noun]

broomc1000

genistaa1398

junipera1425

broom-treea1450

cytisus1548

French broom1548

besom-weed1578

green broom?1578

scorpion-thorn1760

retama1764

retem1777

broom-wood1810

scorpion1840

scorpion plant1866

ginestra1884

scorpion-broom1884

tree lucerne1933

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 628 Bessem weede, or the herbe serving for Bysoms.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. iii. 368 By a Witch-bridle they can make a fair of horses of an acre of besome-weed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	besom
释义	besomn. /biːzəm/ Forms: Old English–Middle English besma, Old English besema, Middle English besem, Middle English besme, Middle English beesme, bisme, Middle English besum, Middle English besumme, bessume, besowme, Middle English–1600s besome, 1500s bysom, beasome, bessem, 1500s–1700s beesom(e, 1600s beesum, beasom, (1500s Scottish boosome, 1600s bissome, 1800s dialect bezom, bizzim, buzzom), Middle English– besom. Etymology: Common West Germanic: Old English besema, besma (= Old Frisian besma, Old High German besamo, Middle High German besme, besem, modern German besen, Dutch bezem) < Germanic besmon- (not found in East Germanic). Ulterior derivation obscure. †1. A bundle of rods or twigs used as an instrument of punishment; a birch. Obsolete. (Latin fascis.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > rod or birch besomc893 yardc1000 rodlOE baleysa1259 ferule1559 scutcher1611 birch1648 whisk rod1688 twig1736 fasces1762 tickler1765 tickle-tail1785 wand1828 tickle-toby1830 birch-rod1834 birch-wand1876 c893 tr. Orosius Hist.* ii. iii. §2 He..hy..het gebindan, and..mid besman swingan. a1225 St. Marher. 5 [He] strupeth hire steorcnaket..ant beateth hire bare bodi with bittere besmen. a1225 Juliana 16 Þu schalt beon ibeaten mid besmes. 2. An implement for sweeping, usually made of a bunch of broom, heather, birch, or other twigs bound together round a handle; a broom. (Dialectally, as in Scotland, the generic name for sweeping implements of any material, e.g. a heather, birch, or broom besom, a hair besom; but in literary English ‘broom’ is now generic, and ‘besom’ specific.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom besomc1000 bast broom1357 brush1377 broom14.. sweepc1475 duster1575 bristle brush1601 broom-besom1693 flag-broom1697 stock-brush1700 whisk1745 birch-broom1747 hair-broom1753 spry1796 corn-broomc1810 pope's head1824 whisker1825 sweeping-brusha1828 swish1844 spoke-brush1851 whisk broom1857 Turk's head1859 wisp1875 tube-brush1877 bass-broom?1881 crumb-brush1884 dusting-brush1907 palmetto brush1913 suede brush1915 swale1949 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 44 He gemet hyt æmtig, and geclænsod mid besmum[v.r. besemum]. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 Mid beseme clene swopen. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xii. 44 Clensid with bismes [a1425 L.V. besyms]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clix. 1055 Of bowes and sprayes þerof [sc. birche] beþ besomes ymade. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 33 Besme or besowme[1499 besym], scopa. 1493 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 185 A bessume of pekoks fethers. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Beasome, Loke in browme. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 44 There is no more difference betweene them, then betweene a Broome and a Besome. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 109 Wee make the Miller take a beesome and sweepe a place. 1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. ii. iii. 186 He swept the Temple with a beasom of Lawrel. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 51 The..bath is scrubbed all over with a birchen beesom. 1857 H. G. Bohn Handbk. Prov. There is little for the rake after the besom. 3. figurative. Any agent that cleanses, purifies, or sweeps away things material or immaterial. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > clearing or sweeping away > riddance > a means of besomc1380 riddance1567 purgation1581 c1380 J. Wyclif De Papa in Wks. (1880) 468 Ȝif he & his secte be..clensid wiþ besumms. c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. xlviii Swepe thy soule clene wyth the besome of the drede of god. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xiv. 23 I will sweepe it with the besome of destruction. View more context for this quotation 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xix. 31 The riuer Kishon, Gods besome to sweep away Sisera's great armie. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. ix. 160 With steel-besom, Rascality is brushed back into its dim depths. 1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 iv. 30 Grandly the cloud-besom swept the mountains. 4. figurative. Anything resembling a besom in shape; spec. applied to a comet. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > comet > [noun] faxed stareOE cometOE blazing starc1503 besom1566 crinital star1580 blazera1635 Dog Star1727 sword-star1852 sungrazer1887 cometesimal1964 1566 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) I. 254 A comet..called ‘The fyrie boosome.’ a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) ii. 94 A Comet of that kind which..the vulgars [call] a firie Bissome. 5. Applied dialectally to heath and broom, plants used for besoms. (Cf. broom n., in its two senses.) ΚΠ 1796 W. Marshall Rural Econ. W. Eng. II. 324 Beesom or bizzom (Spartium Scoparium), the Broom plant. 1864 E. Capern Devon Provincialism Bizzim, Heath. 1878 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 26 Basam, Basom, Bassam or Bisom, Sarothamnus scoparius. 6. A contemptuous or jocular designation for a woman. Scottish and dialect. (Pronounced /ˈbɪzəm/; also /ˈbʌzəm/). ΚΠ 1808–1929 in Sc. National Dict. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 206 To set up to be sae muckle better than ither folk, the auld besom. 1930 J. Buchan Castle Gay xvi. 255 She's a determined besom. a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) v. i. 276 Gosh! The little besom! Compounds C1. General attributive. besom-handle n. besom-staff n. C2. besom-head n. figurative a foolish or stupid person, a blockhead. besom-headed adj. ΚΠ 1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. at Bezom ‘He's as fond as a bezom,’ or ‘bezom-headed,’ very foolish indeed. besom-heath n. heath used for making besoms. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom > material of besom-heath1757 1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 829 Erica brabantica..Low Dutch Heath, or Besom Heath. besom-rider n. a witch, from the popular notion that they rode on broom-sticks. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > sorcerer or magician > witch > [noun] walkyrieOE witchOE hagc1230 strya1300 wise woman1382 sorceressc1384 luller14.. tylyester14.. chantressc1425 magicienne1490 gyre-carline1535 witch-womana1538 eye-biter1584 beldama1586 witch-wife1591 cunning woman1594 saga?a1600 magha1609 magicianess1651 hag-witcha1658 haggard1658 besom-rider1664 wizardess1789 fly-by-night1796 lucky1827 bruja1829 weird-woman1845 hex1856 Baba Yaga1857 pishogue1906 witcher1928 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 161 Defaming them for Beesom-riders or witches. besom-tail n. a tail formed like a besom, a bushy tail. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [adjective] > relating to the tail > having a tail > having a bushy tail > bushy bush-tail1606 besom-tail1678 1678 London Gaz. No. 1356/4 Lost or stolen..one of the King's Setting Dogs..a long beesum tail. besom-tailed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [adjective] > relating to the tail > having a tail > having a bushy tail besom-tailed1695 brushing1734 brush-tailed1853 bushy-tailed1868 bush-tailed1872 1695 London Gaz. No. 3086/4 A dark Iron grey Mare..Silver Eyed, and Besome Tailed. besom-weed n. = 5. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > broom and allies > [noun] broomc1000 genistaa1398 junipera1425 broom-treea1450 cytisus1548 French broom1548 besom-weed1578 green broom?1578 scorpion-thorn1760 retama1764 retem1777 broom-wood1810 scorpion1840 scorpion plant1866 ginestra1884 scorpion-broom1884 tree lucerne1933 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 628 Bessem weede, or the herbe serving for Bysoms. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. iii. 368 By a Witch-bridle they can make a fair of horses of an acre of besome-weed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021). besomv. Etymology: < besom n. Compare to brush.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbesom. †1. intransitive. To sweep with force or violence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow strongly besom?a1400 bluster1530 overblow1587 ruffiana1616 to blow great guns1779 to blow guns1833 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3662 The..wynde owte of the weste rysses, Brethly bessomes with byrre in berynes sailles. 2. transitive. To sweep. Often with away, out, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > clean by brushing or sweeping [verb (transitive)] swopec1000 sweepa1300 brusha1475 streak1492 soop?a1500 to brush upa1600 besom1791 broom1838 to brush down1839 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xxii. 526 They cleansed The thrones and tables, while Telemachus Beesom'd the floor. 1842 E. B. Barrett Some Acct. Greek Christian Poets in Athenæum 26 Feb. 190/2 We breathe away, or peradventure besom away, the thick dust which lies upon their heavy folios. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xix. 361 One of Leofric's sons..would besom you all out. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.c893v.?a1400
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besomn.

Compounds

besomv.