reluctancyn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈlʌkt(ə)nsi/, U.S.

/rəˈləkt(ə)nsi/,

/riˈləkt(ə)nsi/

Forms: 1600s reluctancie, 1600s– reluctancy.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reluctant adj., -ancy suffix.

Etymology: < reluctant adj.: see -ancy suffix. Compare slightly earlier reluctance n.In sense 4 apparently the result of folk-etymological association with classical Latin luctus grief (see luctual adj.); compare reluctance n. 4.

†1.

a. With reference to a person: the action or an act of resistance or opposition. Frequently with against. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance

witherOE

wiþerstrencþc1175

withstanding1303

resistancea1325

gainstandinga1340

withsetting1340

resistencec1390

again-standingc1400

resisting1436

repugnance?a1439

gainstandc1470

disstandingc1485

against-standinga1500

repugnancya1500

resist1535

objection1543

reluctation1593

resistment1605

rebeck1609

reluctance1609

reluctancy1613

obluctation1615

redaction1621

resistencya1623

obstrigillation1623

resistal1631

resistancy1656

recalcitration1658

stemc1700

calcitration1867

push-back1984

1613 J. Heath tr. P. Du Moulin Accomplishm. Prophecies 405 The dominion of the son of perdition shall neuer be without being contradicted by some fewe faithfull seruants of God, and..the gouernement of the one, and the reluctancy [Fr. la resistence] of the other, are of the same continuance.

1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) Ep. Ded. 5 My obstinate reluctancy, against the Advisoes of my Honoured Friends.

1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 15 Come, come, no more of this reluctancy against the Divine pleasure!

a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 239 Leslie had gaind the passes without reluctancie.

a1761 J. Duchal Sermons (1762) I. iv. 91 A kind of reluctancy against all diversion from the melancholy gloom.

b. Resistance to an external object or force; inertia; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance > specifically of one thing to another

reaction1599

reluctancy1625

resistance1833

water resistance1921

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 81 How can one solide and hard body bee imagined to heaue and push another forward without some reluctancie in the patient.

1640 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. New Planet (1707) ix. 250 The Followers of Ptolemy..deny the Heavens to be capable of any reluctancy to Motion.

a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) ix. 271 Nor is there any contrariety, or averseness, or reluctancy to the motion discerned in these fresh waters.

1702 Short Disc. conc. Miracles 11 The first Tendancy, or Reluctancy of Nature.

1862 M. C. Clarke Iron Cousin (new ed.) i. 2 The safely-impeding reluctancy of the dropped drag.

†2.

a. An internal or mental struggle. Obsolete.In quot. 1615 as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [noun] > mental struggle

conflictc1430

repugnancea1538

reluctancy1615

1615 T. Adams Blacke Devill To Rdr. sig. A4 The pleasures of Sinne, like old surfets, shall giue a bitter reluctancie in the stomacke of the conscience.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. ii. xi. 45 Lust counsels one things, reason an other, there is a new reluctancy in me.

1642 J. Howell The Vote 8 The humors still are combating for sway, (Which were they free of this reluctancy And counterpoys'd Man would immortall be).

1651 W. Lilly Charles I in Monarchy or no Monarchy 100 Also he had many reluctancies in himselfe, for preferring so unworthy a scornfull fellow.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie To Rdr. sig. A5^v I cannot think thereof without much afrightment, nor intimate thus much of it without great reluctancies.

b. Struggle of conscience; concern. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [noun] > conscientiousness > conscientious observance of or regard to

conscience1483

reluctancy1666

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > anxiety > [noun] > concern

concernance1645

concernment1652

concern1654

concernedness1661

reluctancy1666

1666 S. Pepys Diary 9 Mar. (1972) VII. 69 My nature..will esteem pleasure above all things; though, yet in the middle of it, it hath reluctancy after my business, which is neglected.

3. Aversion, disinclination, reluctance; an instance of this. Frequently in with (also without) reluctancy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [noun]

un-i-willa1225

unlustc1230

dangerc1290

loathnessa1300

thronessa1400

grudgingc1420

nilling?a1425

unlustiness?a1425

loathinessc1449

difficulty?c1450

grudge1477

sticking1525

scruple1526

unreadiness1526

sweerness1533

dangerousness1548

untowardnessa1555

envy1557

loathsomeness1560

retractation1563

stickling1589

indisposition1593

loathfulness1596

backwardness1597

unwillingness1597

reluctation1598

offwardness1600

undisposedness1600

hinka1614

reluctancy1621

reluctancea1628

renitence1640

nolencea1651

nolencya1651

indisposedness1651

shyness1651

nolition1653

costiveness1654

sullenness1659

scrupling1665

regret1667

queerness1687

stickiness1689

disinclination1695

uneasinessa1715

tarditude1794

disclination1812

inalacrity1813

grudgingness1820

tarrowing1832

reticence1863

grudgery1889

balkiness1894

safety first1913

1621 G. Hakewill King David's Vow 26 Pronouncing Sentence of death with a kinde of reluctancy and unwillingnes.

1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) iii. 171 For he who suffers want without reluctancie, may be poore not miserable.

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) II. 545 You must not give your alms with any reluctancy or unwillingness.

1703 R. Calder Vindic. Serm. 10 I with great Reluctancy condescended to the desire of these Gentlemen.

1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber xvi. 323 I yet feel a reluctancy to drop the comparison.

1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 69 The slowness and reluctancy with which errors yield to conviction.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. v. 133 Ascribing Amy's reluctancy to her..youth.

1914 Times 9 Sept. 9/6 And before we have gone far upon the road to them we shall, I fear, touch a stratum of reluctancy.

2000 B. Brock-Utne Whose Educ. for All? iii. 86 The reluctancy of the Tanzanian Ministry of Education to accept the views of external consultants hired by the World Bank.

†4. Regret. Cf. reluctance n. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [noun]

rueeOE

ruenessOE

forthinkinga1250

rueinga1400

regratec1485

remorse?1528

regretting1531

regret1534

resentment1632

reluctance1650

reluctancy1654

resentinga1716

lamentation1850

ruesomeness1881

1654 A. Wood Life 25 July (1891) I. 186 Hussey &..Peck..were hang'd in the Castle-yard in Oxon. to the great reluctancy of the generous royalists.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 9 He gave way to fate at Galloway..to the great reluctancy of all learned Men.

a1731 P. Aubin Lady Lucy ii, in Coll. Hist. & Novels (1739) II. 95 I parted with her with such Pangs and such Reluctancy as dying Misers feel, when they behold their shining Heaps of hoarded Gold dividing betwixt their greedy Heirs.

5. = reluctivity n. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > resistance to conduction

resistivity1885

reluctance1888

reluctancy1888

resistance1888

reluctivity1892

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > magnetic field > lines of magnetic force > opposition to passage of

reluctance1888

reluctancy1888

magnetic viscosity1892

reluctivity1892

1888 O. Heaviside in Electrician 11 May 27/2 I would suggest that what is now called magnetic resistance be called the magnetic reluctance; and per unit volumes the reluctancy.

2001 W. H. Yeadon & A. W. Yeadon Handbk. Small Electric Motors i. 78 (caption) (a) Example of a reluctance actuator in which only one coil is used, and (b) the corresponding reluctancy circuit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reluctancy
释义	reluctancyn. Brit. /rᵻˈlʌkt(ə)nsi/, U.S. /rəˈləkt(ə)nsi/, /riˈləkt(ə)nsi/ Forms: 1600s reluctancie, 1600s– reluctancy. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reluctant adj., -ancy suffix. Etymology: < reluctant adj.: see -ancy suffix. Compare slightly earlier reluctance n.In sense 4 apparently the result of folk-etymological association with classical Latin luctus grief (see luctual adj.); compare reluctance n. 4. †1. a. With reference to a person: the action or an act of resistance or opposition. Frequently with against. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance witherOE wiþerstrencþc1175 withstanding1303 resistancea1325 gainstandinga1340 withsetting1340 resistencec1390 again-standingc1400 resisting1436 repugnance?a1439 gainstandc1470 disstandingc1485 against-standinga1500 repugnancya1500 resist1535 objection1543 reluctation1593 resistment1605 rebeck1609 reluctance1609 reluctancy1613 obluctation1615 redaction1621 resistencya1623 obstrigillation1623 resistal1631 resistancy1656 recalcitration1658 stemc1700 calcitration1867 push-back1984 1613 J. Heath tr. P. Du Moulin Accomplishm. Prophecies 405 The dominion of the son of perdition shall neuer be without being contradicted by some fewe faithfull seruants of God, and..the gouernement of the one, and the reluctancy [Fr. la resistence] of the other, are of the same continuance. 1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) Ep. Ded. 5 My obstinate reluctancy, against the Advisoes of my Honoured Friends. 1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 15 Come, come, no more of this reluctancy against the Divine pleasure! a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 239 Leslie had gaind the passes without reluctancie. a1761 J. Duchal Sermons (1762) I. iv. 91 A kind of reluctancy against all diversion from the melancholy gloom. b. Resistance to an external object or force; inertia; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > opposition or resistance > specifically of one thing to another reaction1599 reluctancy1625 resistance1833 water resistance1921 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 81 How can one solide and hard body bee imagined to heaue and push another forward without some reluctancie in the patient. 1640 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. New Planet (1707) ix. 250 The Followers of Ptolemy..deny the Heavens to be capable of any reluctancy to Motion. a1665 J. Goodwin Πλήρωμα τὸ Πνευματικόv (1670) ix. 271 Nor is there any contrariety, or averseness, or reluctancy to the motion discerned in these fresh waters. 1702 Short Disc. conc. Miracles 11 The first Tendancy, or Reluctancy of Nature. 1862 M. C. Clarke Iron Cousin (new ed.) i. 2 The safely-impeding reluctancy of the dropped drag. †2. a. An internal or mental struggle. Obsolete.In quot. 1615 as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [noun] > mental struggle conflictc1430 repugnancea1538 reluctancy1615 1615 T. Adams Blacke Devill To Rdr. sig. A4 The pleasures of Sinne, like old surfets, shall giue a bitter reluctancie in the stomacke of the conscience. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. ii. xi. 45 Lust counsels one things, reason an other, there is a new reluctancy in me. 1642 J. Howell The Vote 8 The humors still are combating for sway, (Which were they free of this reluctancy And counterpoys'd Man would immortall be). 1651 W. Lilly Charles I in Monarchy or no Monarchy 100 Also he had many reluctancies in himselfe, for preferring so unworthy a scornfull fellow. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie To Rdr. sig. A5^v I cannot think thereof without much afrightment, nor intimate thus much of it without great reluctancies. b. Struggle of conscience; concern. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [noun] > conscientiousness > conscientious observance of or regard to conscience1483 reluctancy1666 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > anxiety > [noun] > concern concernance1645 concernment1652 concern1654 concernedness1661 reluctancy1666 1666 S. Pepys Diary 9 Mar. (1972) VII. 69 My nature..will esteem pleasure above all things; though, yet in the middle of it, it hath reluctancy after my business, which is neglected. 3. Aversion, disinclination, reluctance; an instance of this. Frequently in with (also without) reluctancy. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [noun] un-i-willa1225 unlustc1230 dangerc1290 loathnessa1300 thronessa1400 grudgingc1420 nilling?a1425 unlustiness?a1425 loathinessc1449 difficulty?c1450 grudge1477 sticking1525 scruple1526 unreadiness1526 sweerness1533 dangerousness1548 untowardnessa1555 envy1557 loathsomeness1560 retractation1563 stickling1589 indisposition1593 loathfulness1596 backwardness1597 unwillingness1597 reluctation1598 offwardness1600 undisposedness1600 hinka1614 reluctancy1621 reluctancea1628 renitence1640 nolencea1651 nolencya1651 indisposedness1651 shyness1651 nolition1653 costiveness1654 sullenness1659 scrupling1665 regret1667 queerness1687 stickiness1689 disinclination1695 uneasinessa1715 tarditude1794 disclination1812 inalacrity1813 grudgingness1820 tarrowing1832 reticence1863 grudgery1889 balkiness1894 safety first1913 1621 G. Hakewill King David's Vow 26 Pronouncing Sentence of death with a kinde of reluctancy and unwillingnes. 1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) iii. 171 For he who suffers want without reluctancie, may be poore not miserable. c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) II. 545 You must not give your alms with any reluctancy or unwillingness. 1703 R. Calder Vindic. Serm. 10 I with great Reluctancy condescended to the desire of these Gentlemen. 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber xvi. 323 I yet feel a reluctancy to drop the comparison. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 69 The slowness and reluctancy with which errors yield to conviction. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. v. 133 Ascribing Amy's reluctancy to her..youth. 1914 Times 9 Sept. 9/6 And before we have gone far upon the road to them we shall, I fear, touch a stratum of reluctancy. 2000 B. Brock-Utne Whose Educ. for All? iii. 86 The reluctancy of the Tanzanian Ministry of Education to accept the views of external consultants hired by the World Bank. †4. Regret. Cf. reluctance n. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [noun] rueeOE ruenessOE forthinkinga1250 rueinga1400 regratec1485 remorse?1528 regretting1531 regret1534 resentment1632 reluctance1650 reluctancy1654 resentinga1716 lamentation1850 ruesomeness1881 1654 A. Wood Life 25 July (1891) I. 186 Hussey &..Peck..were hang'd in the Castle-yard in Oxon. to the great reluctancy of the generous royalists. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 9 He gave way to fate at Galloway..to the great reluctancy of all learned Men. a1731 P. Aubin Lady Lucy ii, in Coll. Hist. & Novels (1739) II. 95 I parted with her with such Pangs and such Reluctancy as dying Misers feel, when they behold their shining Heaps of hoarded Gold dividing betwixt their greedy Heirs. 5. = reluctivity n. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > resistance to conduction resistivity1885 reluctance1888 reluctancy1888 resistance1888 reluctivity1892 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > magnetic field > lines of magnetic force > opposition to passage of reluctance1888 reluctancy1888 magnetic viscosity1892 reluctivity1892 1888 O. Heaviside in Electrician 11 May 27/2 I would suggest that what is now called magnetic resistance be called the magnetic reluctance; and per unit volumes the reluctancy. 2001 W. H. Yeadon & A. W. Yeadon Handbk. Small Electric Motors i. 78 (caption) (a) Example of a reluctance actuator in which only one coil is used, and (b) the corresponding reluctancy circuit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1613
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