besidesadv.prep.

/bɪˈsʌɪdz/

Forms: Middle English bisides, Middle English bisidis, bysidis, bysydes, Middle English–1500s besydes, besydis, Middle English– besides.

Etymology: < beside adv. and prep. + s of the adverbial genitive, here probably a northern substitute for the southern -en of bisiden . This has been used in all the senses of beside adv. and prep., but is now used, in prose, only in senses 2, 3, for which it is the proper word.

A. adv.

†1. By the side; close by, near; = beside adv. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb]

nighOE

anewstOE

nearOE

yhendeOE

hendc1175

hendena1200

anighc1275

besidesc1275

bihalvec1275

beside1297

narc1325

on (also upon) hand (also hands)c1330

bya1400

anighsta1425

nearabout?a1425

near-awaya1586

a hand1637

anear1798

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adverb] > along the side or by the side

besidec1275

besidesc1275

sidelong1592

alongside1740

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2584 Brennes [wende] bisides. mid his folke of Burguine.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 76 Smal sendal bisides, a selure hir ouer.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum 114 Heer besydes is a foreste.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xliv. l. 388 Iosephs In that Castel not ne was, but at Anothir besides In that plas.

a. In addition, over and above, as well.

ΚΠ

1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vi. sig. K.iiii^v He deprived him of a portion of his kingdom, and assessed hym to pay a great summe of mony besides.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xix. 12 And the men said vnto Lot, Hast thou here any besides ?

1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 76 It drew Nurture besides, and life, from human fears.

1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xvi. 149 There are, besides, many marble slabs with long Greek inscriptions.

b. Introducing a further consideration: As an additional or further matter, moreover, further.

ΚΠ

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. i. 15 Besides, the lottrie of my destenie Barrs me the right of voluntary choosing.

1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 8 Besides, God is not at all Honour'd by the most costly oblations.

1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 22 Besides, they were indemnified for it.

1859 J. Bright Speeches 4 There is besides, this great significant fact.

1887 N.E.D. at Besides Mod. It is rather too late to go out; besides, I am tired.

3. Other than mentioned, otherwise, else.

ΚΠ

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 184 Which..leaues behind a staine Vpon the beauty of all parts besides .

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 15 Villains, who break with all the World besides, must keep Faith and Rules of Equity amongst themselves.

a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. I. i. (R.) An ignorant man, whatever he may know besides.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 4 Knowledge in which the gentlemen of England have been more remarkably deficient than those of all Europe besides.

†4. = beside adv. 6. Obsolete. (Now aside adv., prep., adj., and n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > past

forthbyc1386

herebyc1400

besidec1450

besides1619

past1790

pass1971

1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. v. sig. L1^v The blows thou makst at me Are quite besides.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis xi. 112 They never fail or cast it besides.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 43 He was so thoughtfull, that going to put Incense into a Censer, he put it besides.

B. prep.

†1. = beside prep. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside

nexteOE

toc1000

alongstc1180

besidesc1200

besidec1275

next handa1400

hard byc1450

juxta1860

upsides1883

the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition] > along or by the side of

alongeOE

alongstc1180

besidesc1200

besidec1275

aboard1449

longs1488

sidelong1577

aside?1615

alongside1704

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 Ða com on angel of heuene to hem, and stod bisides hem.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xiii. 1 Jhesus..sat besidis the see.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 16878 In a ȝard bisides þe tune.

1480 W. Caxton tr. Trevisa Descr. Eng. 6 At Stonhenge besides Salesbury.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 316^v I would..make you roome here besides me, but that I sitte in so narrowe a roome myself.

1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 372 King Edward kept his Christmasse at Kenington besides Lambeth.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xii. 216 Hold..your Right hand close besides your Left Hand.

a. Over and above, in addition to, as well as. (This and the next are the ordinary current senses.)

ΚΠ

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 24 Besydis thys condempnacion of me by hearsaye.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Besydes that, præterea.

1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xvi. 26 Besydes all this, betwene you and us there is a great gulfe set. [So 1611.]

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 484 Besides that..they have some part of his word solemnly read.

1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church ii. 50 St. Paul..became acquainted with many Christians besides his converts.

1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 48 The Emperor, beside the sword..receives a ring as the symbol of his faith.

b. with object clause.

ΚΠ

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Mar. Gloss. Besides the..affection..tormenteth the mynde.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xcviii. 86 Besides that, this water cooleth all the inward partes, it doth greatly helpe the stone.

1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. vii. 147 The representatives of the majority, besides that they would themselves be improved in quality..would no longer have the whole field to themselves.

3. Other than, else than: in negative and interrogative (formerly sometimes in affirmative) sentences, capable of being rendered by ‘except, excluding’.

ΚΠ

?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 393 No man may putt an-oþer ground bysidis þat þat is putt [So 1382 Bible ( (Wycliffite) ): 1 Cor. iii. 11; 1388 outtakun; Tind., Coverd., Genev., 1611, then; Rhem. beside.]

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 22 England is well stored with all kinde of beeastes, besides asses, mules, cammels, and elephants.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 116 Not the act of the Body, nor of any other Member thereof besides himselfe.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 110. ¶1 No living Creature ever walks in it besides the Chaplain.

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 37 The Jews..for ever unsainting all the World, besides themselves.

1758 J. Jortin Life Erasmus I. 266 In the opinion of every one besides himself.

1887 N.E.D. at Besides Mod. Have you nothing to tell us besides what we have already heard?

†4. = beside prep. 4.

a. Past, by. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) ii. 62 Carefull that none of this water runne besides the Mill.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. ii. 232 King Philip missed of his expectation, and the morsel fell besides his mouth.

1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iii. 39 [He] proposed sophisms to the disputants, slipping besides the sense.

1680 Observ. on ‘Curse Ye Meroz’ 5 No sooner did they perceive the waters begin to run besides their Mill..but they turned Cat in Pan, and cursed as fast the contrary way.

†b. Opposition: Out of, away from, off. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1537 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John in Wks. (1849) II. 183 Thou mayest well, besides Christ, know him [God] as a tyrant.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 247 Aelianus was a little besides the way, when he set downe..macrous, for microus.

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. vii. 90 He tels us we are besides the Cushion.

†c. Of removal: Out of, away from, off. to put besides: to put out of, do out of, deprive of.

ΚΠ

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cvii^v The husbandmen..by coueyne and fraude..be put besydes it.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 250/1 in Chron. I The Englishmen..desirous..to shake the yoke of Danishe thraldome besides their neckes and shoulders.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Oo2^v Doth not onely put a man besides his answere.

1654 J. Ussher Ann. World v. 88 That no God was able to put him besides his Kingdom.

1702 Eng. Theophrastus 47 An extravagant love..puts the Philosopher besides his Latin.

5. figurative (from 4.) = beside prep. 5.

†a. Out of any mental state; hence besides oneself: see beside prep. 5a. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvi. 24 Paul, thou arte besides thy selfe.

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 36 I am suer Tindale is not so farre besydis his comon sencis.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. v. 13 Whether wee bee besides our selues..or whether we bee sober.

1694 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xxvii. 186 Our way of speaking in English, when we say such an one is not himself, or is besides himself..as if..the self same Person was no longer in that Man.

†b. = beside prep. 5b. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1581 R. Goade in Confer. (1584) ii. sig. I iiij b You fall to discoursing cleane besides the purpose.

1651 W. Lilly Monarchy or no Monarchy To Rdr. sig. A4 Its besides my taske to write the Life of the late King.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 219 Though it be quite besides the subject.

†c. Beyond; = beside prep. 5c. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1564 Briefe Exam. **b Nothyng muste be brought into the Churche, besides or contrary to Scripture.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 8 This thou doest besides thine office; keepe thy selfe within thy bounds.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 36 If it teach any thing besides or against Gods word.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vii. 196 The Pope can do nothing in France..either against the Canons or besides the Canons.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. i. 159 Tis besides nature.

1692 J. Locke Toleration iii. iv, in Wks. (1727) II. 355 A model so wholly new, and besides all experience.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	besides
释义	besidesadv.prep. /bɪˈsʌɪdz/ Forms: Middle English bisides, Middle English bisidis, bysidis, bysydes, Middle English–1500s besydes, besydis, Middle English– besides. Etymology: < beside adv. and prep. + s of the adverbial genitive, here probably a northern substitute for the southern -en of bisiden . This has been used in all the senses of beside adv. and prep., but is now used, in prose, only in senses 2, 3, for which it is the proper word. A. adv. †1. By the side; close by, near; = beside adv. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] nighOE anewstOE nearOE yhendeOE hendc1175 hendena1200 anighc1275 besidesc1275 bihalvec1275 beside1297 narc1325 on (also upon) hand (also hands)c1330 bya1400 anighsta1425 nearabout?a1425 near-awaya1586 a hand1637 anear1798 the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [adverb] > along the side or by the side besidec1275 besidesc1275 sidelong1592 alongside1740 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2584 Brennes [wende] bisides. mid his folke of Burguine. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 76 Smal sendal bisides, a selure hir ouer. c1440 Gesta Romanorum 114 Heer besydes is a foreste. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xliv. l. 388 Iosephs In that Castel not ne was, but at Anothir besides In that plas. 2. a. In addition, over and above, as well. ΚΠ 1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vi. sig. K.iiii^v He deprived him of a portion of his kingdom, and assessed hym to pay a great summe of mony besides. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xix. 12 And the men said vnto Lot, Hast thou here any besides ? View more context for this quotation 1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 76 It drew Nurture besides, and life, from human fears. 1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xvi. 149 There are, besides, many marble slabs with long Greek inscriptions. b. Introducing a further consideration: As an additional or further matter, moreover, further. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. i. 15 Besides, the lottrie of my destenie Barrs me the right of voluntary choosing. View more context for this quotation 1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 8 Besides, God is not at all Honour'd by the most costly oblations. 1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 22 Besides, they were indemnified for it. 1859 J. Bright Speeches 4 There is besides, this great significant fact. 1887 N.E.D. at Besides Mod. It is rather too late to go out; besides, I am tired. 3. Other than mentioned, otherwise, else. ΚΠ 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 184 Which..leaues behind a staine Vpon the beauty of all parts besides . View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 15 Villains, who break with all the World besides, must keep Faith and Rules of Equity amongst themselves. a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. I. i. (R.) An ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 4 Knowledge in which the gentlemen of England have been more remarkably deficient than those of all Europe besides. †4. = beside adv. 6. Obsolete. (Now aside adv., prep., adj., and n.) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > past forthbyc1386 herebyc1400 besidec1450 besides1619 past1790 pass1971 1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. v. sig. L1^v The blows thou makst at me Are quite besides. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis xi. 112 They never fail or cast it besides. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 43 He was so thoughtfull, that going to put Incense into a Censer, he put it besides. B. prep. †1. = beside prep. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition] > next to or beside nexteOE toc1000 alongstc1180 besidesc1200 besidec1275 next handa1400 hard byc1450 juxta1860 upsides1883 the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition] > along or by the side of alongeOE alongstc1180 besidesc1200 besidec1275 aboard1449 longs1488 sidelong1577 aside?1615 alongside1704 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 Ða com on angel of heuene to hem, and stod bisides hem. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xiii. 1 Jhesus..sat besidis the see. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 16878 In a ȝard bisides þe tune. 1480 W. Caxton tr. Trevisa Descr. Eng. 6 At Stonhenge besides Salesbury. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 316^v I would..make you roome here besides me, but that I sitte in so narrowe a roome myself. 1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 372 King Edward kept his Christmasse at Kenington besides Lambeth. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xii. 216 Hold..your Right hand close besides your Left Hand. 2. a. Over and above, in addition to, as well as. (This and the next are the ordinary current senses.) ΚΠ 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 24 Besydis thys condempnacion of me by hearsaye. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Besydes that, præterea. 1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xvi. 26 Besydes all this, betwene you and us there is a great gulfe set. [So 1611.] c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 484 Besides that..they have some part of his word solemnly read. 1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church ii. 50 St. Paul..became acquainted with many Christians besides his converts. 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 48 The Emperor, beside the sword..receives a ring as the symbol of his faith. b. with object clause. ΚΠ 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Mar. Gloss. Besides the..affection..tormenteth the mynde. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xcviii. 86 Besides that, this water cooleth all the inward partes, it doth greatly helpe the stone. 1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. vii. 147 The representatives of the majority, besides that they would themselves be improved in quality..would no longer have the whole field to themselves. 3. Other than, else than: in negative and interrogative (formerly sometimes in affirmative) sentences, capable of being rendered by ‘except, excluding’. ΚΠ ?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 393 No man may putt an-oþer ground bysidis þat þat is putt [So 1382 Bible ( (Wycliffite) ): 1 Cor. iii. 11; 1388 outtakun; Tind., Coverd., Genev., 1611, then; Rhem. beside.] ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 22 England is well stored with all kinde of beeastes, besides asses, mules, cammels, and elephants. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 116 Not the act of the Body, nor of any other Member thereof besides himselfe. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 110. ¶1 No living Creature ever walks in it besides the Chaplain. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 37 The Jews..for ever unsainting all the World, besides themselves. 1758 J. Jortin Life Erasmus I. 266 In the opinion of every one besides himself. 1887 N.E.D. at Besides Mod. Have you nothing to tell us besides what we have already heard? †4. = beside prep. 4. a. Past, by. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) ii. 62 Carefull that none of this water runne besides the Mill. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. ii. 232 King Philip missed of his expectation, and the morsel fell besides his mouth. 1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. iii. 39 [He] proposed sophisms to the disputants, slipping besides the sense. 1680 Observ. on ‘Curse Ye Meroz’ 5 No sooner did they perceive the waters begin to run besides their Mill..but they turned Cat in Pan, and cursed as fast the contrary way. †b. Opposition: Out of, away from, off. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1537 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John in Wks. (1849) II. 183 Thou mayest well, besides Christ, know him [God] as a tyrant. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 247 Aelianus was a little besides the way, when he set downe..macrous, for microus. 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. vii. 90 He tels us we are besides the Cushion. †c. Of removal: Out of, away from, off. to put besides: to put out of, do out of, deprive of. ΚΠ 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cvii^v The husbandmen..by coueyne and fraude..be put besydes it. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 250/1 in Chron. I The Englishmen..desirous..to shake the yoke of Danishe thraldome besides their neckes and shoulders. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Oo2^v Doth not onely put a man besides his answere. View more context for this quotation 1654 J. Ussher Ann. World v. 88 That no God was able to put him besides his Kingdom. 1702 Eng. Theophrastus 47 An extravagant love..puts the Philosopher besides his Latin. 5. figurative (from 4.) = beside prep. 5. †a. Out of any mental state; hence besides oneself: see beside prep. 5a. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvi. 24 Paul, thou arte besides thy selfe. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 36 I am suer Tindale is not so farre besydis his comon sencis. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. v. 13 Whether wee bee besides our selues..or whether we bee sober. 1694 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xxvii. 186 Our way of speaking in English, when we say such an one is not himself, or is besides himself..as if..the self same Person was no longer in that Man. †b. = beside prep. 5b. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1581 R. Goade in Confer. (1584) ii. sig. I iiij b You fall to discoursing cleane besides the purpose. 1651 W. Lilly Monarchy or no Monarchy To Rdr. sig. A4 Its besides my taske to write the Life of the late King. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 219 Though it be quite besides the subject. †c. Beyond; = beside prep. 5c. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1564 Briefe Exam. *b Nothyng muste be brought into the Churche, besides or contrary to Scripture. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians* (new ed.) f. 8 This thou doest besides thine office; keepe thy selfe within thy bounds. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 36 If it teach any thing besides or against Gods word. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vii. 196 The Pope can do nothing in France..either against the Canons or besides the Canons. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. i. 159 Tis besides nature. 1692 J. Locke Toleration iii. iv, in Wks. (1727) II. 355 A model so wholly new, and besides all experience. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.prep.c1200
随便看	non-utility non-vacuous non-valent non-valid non-validity non-vanishing non-vascular non-veg non-vegetarian non-veggie non-venomous non-verbalized non-veridical non-viability non-viable non-vintage non-violence non-violent non-violently non-viral non-visual non-visualizer non-vital non-vocal non-vocalic