refreshern.
/rᵻˈfrɛʃə/, U.S. /rəˈfrɛʃər/, /riˈfrɛʃər/ 1.
a. A person who or thing which refreshes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] > that which or one who refreshes or invigorates
spice?c1225
comfort1377
refresherc1450
refreshment1532
reviver1542
sauce1561
salt1579
refocillation1608
whettera1625
fillip1699
stimulant1728
stimulation1733
yeast1769
stimulus1791
inspiriter1821
stimulatory1821
refreshener1824
boost1825
bracer1826
young blood1830
freshener1838
invigoratorc1842
blow1849
tonic1849
elevation1850
stimulator1851
breather1876
pick-me-up1876
a shot in the arm1922
c1450 J. Lydgate Ballade Our Lady (Sloane) 45 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 256 (MED) Vinarye envermailyd, refrescher of oure food, Lycour aȝens all langour..wrappe us undyr thi weed.
c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 148 This seynt praxede was..a rich woman a louer of god a grete refrescher of pore men.
1534 G. Joye tr. Jeremy Prophete Pref. sig. Aiiiv Who so beleue in Cryste, shal neuer desyer any other mean, sauiour, counforter & refressher.
1581 T. Rogers S. Augustines Praiers ix. 45 Come thou hope of the poore, and refresher of them, which be readie to faint.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrigerateur, a refrigerator, refresher, cooler.
1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion ii. 16 Tho' Love like Wine be a good refresher, yet 'tis much more dangerous to be too busie withall.
1727 J. Thomson Summer 73 The great Refresher of the Summer-Heats.
1790 G. Davis St. Monday 20 Hail, potent Ale!..Thou kind refresher of dull evening's hours!
1845 W. Sewell Hawkstone (1846) II. 281 Miss Mabel Brook, who had been permitted to come in as a refresher in the evening.
1853 C. Mackay Voices from Mountains & Crowd 147 Water is..The adorner and refresher of the world.
1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 34/2 (advt.) Use Amami Wave Set and Conditioner after a shampoo, overnight for a refresher, for a ‘quickie’ before an evening date.
1992 R. McCall Hearing Loss? Guide to Self-help (ed. 2) 146 A fifteen-second refresher gives you that vital pause which will enable you to speechread for longer stretches at a time than would be possible otherwise.
b. spec. A refreshment; a light snack or (more usually) a drink.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught
shenchc950
drinkc1000
draughtc1200
beveragec1390
napa1450
potation1479–81
potionc1484
slaker?1518
glut1541
pocill1572
adipson1601
go-down1614
slash1614
gulf1674
libation1751
meridian1771
sinda1774
sling1788
mahogany1791
a shove in the mouth1821
nooner1836
quencher1841
refresh1851
slackener1861
squencher1871
refreshener1888
refresher1922
maiden's blush1941
maiden's water1975
1822 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 30 Mar. 795/1 When the press has taken a refresher, let it burst forth again in new peals of praise.
1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 53 Taking a piece of bread instead of a cup of tea or coffee as a refresher.
1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 17 From food to drink. Here is a pleasant ‘refresher’ specially suitable for the young after lawn tennis or sports on hot days.
1946 Liberty 25 May 24/3 These figures ignore the soda fountains, which also sell many refreshers.
1990 Country Living Aug. 49/1 (advt.) Having said I don't mix too well with pubs in general, there is nothing I enjoy more than a welcome refresher after a hard day in the field, birdwatching.
2. Law.† b. A revised brief. Obsolete. rare.
a. An extra fee paid to counsel when a case lasts longer than originally expected or allowed for.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee
bait1578
retaining fee1659
refreshing fee1697
retainer1770
refresher1796
refresher fee1818
1796 Attorney & Agent's New Table of Costs (ed. 5) 222 Refresher to Mr. Bearcroft.
1831 F. Reynolds Playwright's Adventures vi. 108 He also knew that barristers..can only be kept alive by refreshers.
1881 Times 19 Feb. 10/3 It is therefore recommended that daily refreshers should be abolished, as being one of the principal causes of the undue lengthening of trials.
1933 H. Allen Anthony Adverse xlix. 740 My retainer is reasonable, my refreshers modest, my reputation unblemished.
1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 68/3 The refreshers or daily fees will never be less than £1,000.
ΚΠ
1852 T. De Quincey Sketch from Childhood in Hogg's Instructor New Ser. 8 2/1 Every fortnight, or so, I took care that he should receive a ‘refresher’, as lawyers call it—a new and revised brief—memorialising my pretensions.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > a reminder
monishment1483
rememberera1542
remembrancer1556
memorandum1583
minding1601
remembrance1606
rememorative1613
reminder1614
rememoration1654
monit1692
flapper1726
remembrancing1800
tickler1808
refresher1809
reminding1865
?1799 E. Morris Secret iii. 34 A man's signature is such a refresher to his memory.]
1809 Tickler 17 May 2/2 A gentle refresher of the treatment his illustrious brother had received, soon convinced him that his antagonist..was too strong for him to contend with.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxx. 319 His memory had received a very disagreeable refresher on the subject of Mrs. Bardell's action.
1856 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 4 Dec. (1884) I. 5 I don't think that this noble ambition had recurred to my memory..up to the receipt of your refresher of yesterday.
4. Originally U.S. A refresher course; a review. Cf. Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of
summer session1594
evening class1762
summer school1793
training course1822
shop class1844
elective1850
optional1855
night class1870
correspondence class1876
Chautauqua1884
correspondence course1902
gut1902
holiday course1906
shop1912
pud1917
training seminar1917
film school1929
day school1931
refresher1939
farm shop1941
survey course1941
weekend course1944
crash programme1947
sandwich course1955
thick sandwich1962
module1966
bird course1975
1939 Atlanta Constit. 18 Apr. 2/4 Both furnish opportunities for persons very much in the public life to return to the scholastic fold for a ‘refresher’ and go forth rearmed with new knowledge.
1953 Catal. Dover Bks. in S. K. Langer Introd. Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) (advt.) Can be used as refresher, as handbook of applications and tables, or as full home-study course.
1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows vii. 104 When Mr Heath asked me..to examine the question of devolution,..I needed but a short refresher.
1984 A. Hailey Strong Medicine i. viii. 69 Others already employed were brought to headquarters in small groups for a ten-day refresher.
2007 Tri-City Herald (Washington) (Nexis) 13 July b3 The class is designed as a refresher and doesn't involve driving or tests.
Compounds
C1. General attributive, designating training or instruction provided as a review of material previously studied or to instruct a person in new developments, techniques, etc., in his or her field; esp. in refresher course.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [adjective] > reteaching
refresher1907
1907 Interim Rep. War Office Comm. Provision of Officers 10 Given a short term of liability, and short periods of recall to the Colours for ‘refresher’ training, many officers..would remain therein.
1907 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. May 546 It is important that they should..have the benefit of a thorough grounding as well as of ‘refresher’ courses under professional instructors.
1914 G. Hamel & C. C. Turner Flying x. 209 Others..go direct into the Royal Flying Corps Reserve..where they are available for periodical ‘refresher’ courses and for employment in the event of war.
1945 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 12 May 141/1 A clinical refresher training program for..medical officers.
1972 Accountant 17 Aug. (Suppl.) 14/3 (advt.) Terms of appointment include generous refresher leave periods.
1995 J. Miller & M. Stacey Driving Instructor's Handbk. (ed. 8) v. 157 Candidates who are allocated a gold or silver grade are expected to take a refresher test within three years.
2001 NurseWeek 12 Mar. 15/2 They usually require special refresher education and clinical precepting to return to the bedside.
C2.
refresher fee n. = sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > barrister's fee
bait1578
retaining fee1659
refreshing fee1697
retainer1770
refresher1796
refresher fee1818
1818 Attorney & Agent's New Table of Costs (ed. 8) 286 Refresher Fee to the Second Counsel, and Clerk.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Oct. 7/1 A master in chambers, who had disallowed the ‘refresher’ fees of his learned leader.
1996 P. W. Tague Effective Advocacy for Criminal Defendant iii. 84 For preparation and the first day of the trial, the barrister receives a ‘basic’ (or ‘brief’) fee. For each successive day in trial, he is paid a ‘refresher fee’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c1450