relievon.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈliːvəʊ/,

/ˌrɛlɪˈeɪvəʊ/, U.S.

/riˈlivoʊ/

Inflections: Plural relievos, (rare) relievoes, relievi.

Forms: 1600s releuo, 1600s relieuo, 1600s– relievo, 1700s releivo, 1700s relieva (irregular), 1700s–1800s rilievo.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian rilievo, relevo, relievo, rilevo.

Etymology: < Italian rilievo, †relevo, †relievo, †rilevo (of a protuberance or elevated area or point) fact of standing out from a surface (a1342), moulding, carving, or stamping in which the design stands out from the surface, a work of art produced in this way, effect or appearance of three dimensions given on the plane surface of a painting or similar work of art (all second half of the 14th or early 15th cent.) < rilevare , †relevare , †rilievare to lift, raise, elevate (see relieve v.). Compare slightly earlier relief n.³ Compare also earlier mezzo-relievo n., and alto-relievo n., basso-relievo n.In plural form relievi after the Italian plural form. The now standard spelling relievo and the naturalized pronunciation /rᵻˈliːvəʊ/ are probably both influenced by the earlier partial synonym relief n.³; compare also relieve v. III.

a. Moulding, carving, or stamping in which the design stands out from the surface; = relief n.³ 1a.alto-, basso-, mezzo-relievo: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [noun] > relief

relief1606

relievo1610

relevy1646

1610 S. Daniel Tethys Festival sig. F1 Betweene the two pillers on eyther side were great ornaments of Relieuo.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 56 Severall rusticall Instruments so artificialy represented, as would deceive an accurate Eye to discerne it from true Relievo.

1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 79 The Foliages and other Ornaments..by their Relievo seem to increase its bigness.

1747 G. Bickham Introductive Ess. Drawing 13 The Light..does not strike upon, or inlighten all the Parts, but some are shelter'd by the Relievo of others.

1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting vi. 114 In sculpture, they attempted not to mark their distances, otherwise, than by a simple diminution of the Relievo.

1801 Trans. Soc. Arts 19 Pref. p. xl The head, which ought to be most important and principal, is flat, and without relievo.

1845 Amer. Penny Mag. 12 July 365/1 Pictures of King George and Queen Charlotte, made of wax in a kind of relievo.

1915 E. A. Parkyn Introd. Prehist. Art xi. 270 There is only a very slight degree of relievo in the ornament, in some parts only the field is slightly depressed.

1993 V. Sage Mirror for Larks 81 I had paid altogether a total of 250,000 lire for 500 sheets of heavy grade watermarked linen paper, embossed in blue relievo.

b. figurative and in extended use. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub viii. 150 The Wind and Vapors issuing forth..distorted the Mouth, bloated the Cheeks, and gave the Eyes a terrible kind of Relievo.

1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 21 491 The comic features have more relievo, than most other productions of the author.

1842 Fraser's Mag Jan. 115 The representatives of every nation, stand forth in prominent and sharp relievo in the pages of Josephus.

1908 H. Keller in Cent. Mag. 75 575/1 In smell there is no notion of relievo... My smell perceives the tree as a thin sphere with no fullness or content.

2. A piece of work executed in this way; a design in relievo; = relief n.³ 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [noun] > relief > article executed in

embossment1620

relievo1627

relief1675

stamping1862

tondo1877

1627 Sir T. Roe in Michaelis' Anc. Marbles (1882) 200 My agent..hath brought me..some heads and small releuo's, antient and good worke.

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 116 Rounds, Busts, Relievos and entire Figures.

1717 G. Berkeley in Life & Lett. (1871) 515 The house..being enchased with beautiful relievos of antiquity.

1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 499 In one of which [grottos] they found 40 Urns cover'd with Relievos.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxvi. 226 The ornaments of the architecture, and the relievo in the frontispiece, are after the Chinese and Japan manner.

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. vi. 475 Her chapel is very rich in red marbles, Corinthian pillars, and poor sculptured relievos of her history.

1898 Times 14 Jan. 9/5 Some kind of memorial..which might take the form of a marble relievo to be inserted in the wall.

1916 Geogr. Jrnl. 48 198 We brought to light abundant remains of Buddhist manuscripts and block prints,..as well as plenty of interesting relievos.

2006 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 27 Dec. 2 The excavations at the ruined temple on the Hangaya Tuti resulted in the discovery of many interesting small terra cotta relievos.

3. In extended use. The effect or appearance of three dimensions given on the plane surface of a painting, etc.; an instance of this; = relief n.³ 2a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > relief and texture > [noun] > appearance or representation of relief

projection1619

relievo1685

relief1699

modelling1865

1685 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. i. 19 To give that Roundness to the Figures, which the Italians call Relievo, and for which we have no other Name.

1738 R. Smith Compl. Syst. Opticks I. Pref. 5 The effect of a large concave speculum in heightening the Relievo of Pictures.

1793 E. Harington Schizzo Genius of Man 382 It is said that not only the faces are finely coloured, with a good relievo, but also the heads and beards are so admirably performed, that almost every single hair is expressed.

a1806 J. Barry in R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting (1848) 226 The style which Titian afterwards adopted..was not of so high a relish for relievo and hue.

1856 D. Brewster Stereoscope ii. 46 The effect with which the artist gives relief to the painting exercises its whole effect in deceiving us, and hence, in monocular vision, the relievo of the painting is much more complete.

2003 Analecta Husserliana 78 29 For the late quattrocento Florentine painter, relievo was more important than disegno in the conversion of three-dimensional reality to two-dimensional illusion.

Phrases

in relievo: in relief. Sometimes with modifying word, as in high (or low, deep, etc.) relievo. [After Italian in rilievo, (more usually) di rilievo (both 15th cent.). In in high relievo after alto-relievo n.; in in deep relievo , in low relievo after Italian di basso rilievo (1550; compare basso-relievo n.).]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [adverb] > in (high) relief

in boss1651

in relievoa1660

a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 310 That..Gallery painted in deepe relievo, the Worke of 10 yeares study for a trifling reward.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 99 A new kind of Maps in a low Relievo.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 135 On that part..are to be seen Carvings in Relievo.

1765 Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Enchasing The art of enriching and beautifying gold, silver, and other metal-work, by some design..in low relievo.

1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 61 Two of them stand out in high relievo beyond the rest. The first is a change in the internal representation of this country.

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. ii. 177 Round the white circlet in relievo bold A serpent twines his scaly length in gold.

1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 111 In works where different objects appear in relievo, these are made separately.

1883 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 79 It has a frieze or cornice of terra-cotta tiles with Kufic inscriptions in relievo.

1904 M. Aurel Stein Sand-buried Ruins Khotan xviii. 263 Numerous reproductions in low relievo of the figure of Buddha.

1912 M. Aurel Stein Ruins of Desert Cathay II. xvii (caption) Stucco head in high relievo.

2004 L. Shtern Brodsky xxi. 330 The year after his death a bronze plaque appeared on the wall of his building with his profile in relievo.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

Relievon.²int.

Brit.

/rᵻˈliːvəʊ/, U.S.

/rəˈlivoʊ/,

/riˈlivoʊ/

Forms:

α. 1800s– Relieve-oh (English regional (Yorkshire)), 1800s– Relievo, 1900s– Relevo (U.S. regional), 1900s– Relievio.

β. 1800s– Leevo (English regional (Yorkshire)), 1900s– Leavio, 1900s– Leavo, 1900s– Lievo (U.S. regional).

Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: relieve v., -o suffix.

Etymology: < relieve v. (see sense 5a at that entry) + -o suffix. In β. forms shortened < α. forms. Compare later ring-a-levio n.

Originally English regional (northern).

A children's seeking game in which a captured player may be released by another member of his or her side. Also as int.: the call used to release a captured player.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > other chasing games

course-a-park1613

hunt the squirrel1742

Tom Tiddler's ground1816

one catch all1854

Relievo1877

pig in the middle1887

Red Rover1891

ring-a-levio1891

stuck-in-the-mud1944

British Bulldog1949

kiss chase1957

stick-in-the-mud1968

1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness 114/1 Relieve-oh.., a game something like prisoner's base.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 296 Bedlams or relievo, a game played by boys.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 297 If..one of the boys out at field runs through the den shouting ‘Relievo’, without being caught by the tenter, the prisoner is allowed to escape.

1912 J. Stephens Crock of Gold v. 39 ‘It's a nice game,’ said the Leprechaun, ‘and so is Cap-on-the-back, and..Relievo, and Leap-frog.’

1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games iv. 173 Commonly it is enough for the ‘releaser’ to shout ‘Relievo’ or ‘Rallio’ or perhaps ‘Bish-Bash’ as he rushes through the den.

1990 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 7 Oct. The Scout movement got hold of Relievo and destroyed it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	relievo
释义	relievon.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈliːvəʊ/, /ˌrɛlɪˈeɪvəʊ/, U.S. /riˈlivoʊ/ Inflections: Plural relievos, (rare) relievoes, relievi. Forms: 1600s releuo, 1600s relieuo, 1600s– relievo, 1700s releivo, 1700s relieva (irregular), 1700s–1800s rilievo. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian rilievo, relevo, relievo, rilevo. Etymology: < Italian rilievo, †relevo, †relievo, †rilevo (of a protuberance or elevated area or point) fact of standing out from a surface (a1342), moulding, carving, or stamping in which the design stands out from the surface, a work of art produced in this way, effect or appearance of three dimensions given on the plane surface of a painting or similar work of art (all second half of the 14th or early 15th cent.) < rilevare , †relevare , †rilievare to lift, raise, elevate (see relieve v.). Compare slightly earlier relief n.³ Compare also earlier mezzo-relievo n., and alto-relievo n., basso-relievo n.In plural form relievi after the Italian plural form. The now standard spelling relievo and the naturalized pronunciation /rᵻˈliːvəʊ/ are probably both influenced by the earlier partial synonym relief n.³; compare also relieve v. III. 1. a. Moulding, carving, or stamping in which the design stands out from the surface; = relief n.³ 1a.alto-, basso-, mezzo-relievo: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [noun] > relief relief1606 relievo1610 relevy1646 1610 S. Daniel Tethys Festival sig. F1 Betweene the two pillers on eyther side were great ornaments of Relieuo. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 56 Severall rusticall Instruments so artificialy represented, as would deceive an accurate Eye to discerne it from true Relievo. 1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 79 The Foliages and other Ornaments..by their Relievo seem to increase its bigness. 1747 G. Bickham Introductive Ess. Drawing 13 The Light..does not strike upon, or inlighten all the Parts, but some are shelter'd by the Relievo of others. 1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting vi. 114 In sculpture, they attempted not to mark their distances, otherwise, than by a simple diminution of the Relievo. 1801 Trans. Soc. Arts 19 Pref. p. xl The head, which ought to be most important and principal, is flat, and without relievo. 1845 Amer. Penny Mag. 12 July 365/1 Pictures of King George and Queen Charlotte, made of wax in a kind of relievo. 1915 E. A. Parkyn Introd. Prehist. Art xi. 270 There is only a very slight degree of relievo in the ornament, in some parts only the field is slightly depressed. 1993 V. Sage Mirror for Larks 81 I had paid altogether a total of 250,000 lire for 500 sheets of heavy grade watermarked linen paper, embossed in blue relievo. b. figurative and in extended use. Now rare. ΚΠ 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub viii. 150 The Wind and Vapors issuing forth..distorted the Mouth, bloated the Cheeks, and gave the Eyes a terrible kind of Relievo. 1796 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 21 491 The comic features have more relievo, than most other productions of the author. 1842 Fraser's Mag Jan. 115 The representatives of every nation, stand forth in prominent and sharp relievo in the pages of Josephus. 1908 H. Keller in Cent. Mag. 75 575/1 In smell there is no notion of relievo... My smell perceives the tree as a thin sphere with no fullness or content. 2. A piece of work executed in this way; a design in relievo; = relief n.³ 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [noun] > relief > article executed in embossment1620 relievo1627 relief1675 stamping1862 tondo1877 1627 Sir T. Roe in Michaelis' Anc. Marbles (1882) 200 My agent..hath brought me..some heads and small releuo's, antient and good worke. 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 116 Rounds, Busts, Relievos and entire Figures. 1717 G. Berkeley in Life & Lett. (1871) 515 The house..being enchased with beautiful relievos of antiquity. 1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 499 In one of which [grottos] they found 40 Urns cover'd with Relievos. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxvi. 226 The ornaments of the architecture, and the relievo in the frontispiece, are after the Chinese and Japan manner. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. vi. 475 Her chapel is very rich in red marbles, Corinthian pillars, and poor sculptured relievos of her history. 1898 Times 14 Jan. 9/5 Some kind of memorial..which might take the form of a marble relievo to be inserted in the wall. 1916 Geogr. Jrnl. 48 198 We brought to light abundant remains of Buddhist manuscripts and block prints,..as well as plenty of interesting relievos. 2006 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 27 Dec. 2 The excavations at the ruined temple on the Hangaya Tuti resulted in the discovery of many interesting small terra cotta relievos. 3. In extended use. The effect or appearance of three dimensions given on the plane surface of a painting, etc.; an instance of this; = relief n.³ 2a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > relief and texture > [noun] > appearance or representation of relief projection1619 relievo1685 relief1699 modelling1865 1685 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. i. 19 To give that Roundness to the Figures, which the Italians call Relievo, and for which we have no other Name. 1738 R. Smith Compl. Syst. Opticks I. Pref. 5 The effect of a large concave speculum in heightening the Relievo of Pictures. 1793 E. Harington Schizzo Genius of Man 382 It is said that not only the faces are finely coloured, with a good relievo, but also the heads and beards are so admirably performed, that almost every single hair is expressed. a1806 J. Barry in R. N. Wornum Lect. on Painting (1848) 226 The style which Titian afterwards adopted..was not of so high a relish for relievo and hue. 1856 D. Brewster Stereoscope ii. 46 The effect with which the artist gives relief to the painting exercises its whole effect in deceiving us, and hence, in monocular vision, the relievo of the painting is much more complete. 2003 Analecta Husserliana 78 29 For the late quattrocento Florentine painter, relievo was more important than disegno in the conversion of three-dimensional reality to two-dimensional illusion. Phrases in relievo: in relief. Sometimes with modifying word, as in high (or low, deep, etc.) relievo. [After Italian in rilievo, (more usually) di rilievo (both 15th cent.). In in high relievo after alto-relievo n.; in in deep relievo , in low relievo after Italian di basso rilievo (1550; compare basso-relievo n.).] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [adverb] > in (high) relief in boss1651 in relievoa1660 a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 310 That..Gallery painted in deepe relievo, the Worke of 10 yeares study for a trifling reward. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 99 A new kind of Maps in a low Relievo. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 135 On that part..are to be seen Carvings in Relievo. 1765 Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. at Enchasing The art of enriching and beautifying gold, silver, and other metal-work, by some design..in low relievo. 1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 61 Two of them stand out in high relievo beyond the rest. The first is a change in the internal representation of this country. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. ii. 177 Round the white circlet in relievo bold A serpent twines his scaly length in gold. 1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 111 In works where different objects appear in relievo, these are made separately. 1883 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 79 It has a frieze or cornice of terra-cotta tiles with Kufic inscriptions in relievo. 1904 M. Aurel Stein Sand-buried Ruins Khotan xviii. 263 Numerous reproductions in low relievo of the figure of Buddha. 1912 M. Aurel Stein Ruins of Desert Cathay II. xvii (caption) Stucco head in high relievo. 2004 L. Shtern Brodsky xxi. 330 The year after his death a bronze plaque appeared on the wall of his building with his profile in relievo. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Relievon.²int. Brit. /rᵻˈliːvəʊ/, U.S. /rəˈlivoʊ/, /riˈlivoʊ/ Forms: α. 1800s– Relieve-oh (English regional (Yorkshire)), 1800s– Relievo, 1900s– Relevo (U.S. regional), 1900s– Relievio. β. 1800s– Leevo (English regional (Yorkshire)), 1900s– Leavio, 1900s– Leavo, 1900s– Lievo (U.S. regional). Also with lower-case initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: relieve v., -o suffix. Etymology: < relieve v. (see sense 5a at that entry) + -o suffix. In β. forms shortened < α. forms. Compare later ring-a-levio n. Originally English regional (northern). A children's seeking game in which a captured player may be released by another member of his or her side. Also as int.: the call used to release a captured player. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > other chasing games course-a-park1613 hunt the squirrel1742 Tom Tiddler's ground1816 one catch all1854 Relievo1877 pig in the middle1887 Red Rover1891 ring-a-levio1891 stuck-in-the-mud1944 British Bulldog1949 kiss chase1957 stick-in-the-mud1968 1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness 114/1 Relieve-oh.., a game something like prisoner's base. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 296 Bedlams or relievo, a game played by boys. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 297 If..one of the boys out at field runs through the den shouting ‘Relievo’, without being caught by the tenter, the prisoner is allowed to escape. 1912 J. Stephens Crock of Gold v. 39 ‘It's a nice game,’ said the Leprechaun, ‘and so is Cap-on-the-back, and..Relievo, and Leap-frog.’ 1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games iv. 173 Commonly it is enough for the ‘releaser’ to shout ‘Relievo’ or ‘Rallio’ or perhaps ‘Bish-Bash’ as he rushes through the den. 1990 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 7 Oct. The Scout movement got hold of Relievo and destroyed it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1610n.²int.1877
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relievon.1

Phrases

Relievon.2int.

relievon.¹

Relievon.²int.