refortifyv.

Brit.

/ˌriːˈfɔːtᵻfʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˌriˈfɔrdəˌfaɪ/

Forms: see re- prefix and fortify v.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, fortify v.

Etymology: < re- prefix + fortify v. Compare Middle French, French refortifier (second half of the 14th cent. as refortiffier in sense 1 and, used reflexively, in sense ‘to be strengthened, reinvigorated’; early 17th cent. in sense 2, used transitively), Italian rifortificare (first half of the 14th cent. in sense 2, 1558 in sense 1).

1. transitive. To rebuild or repair the defensive fortifications of (a place or position). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fortify [verb (transitive)]

fastenOE

enfirm1297

ofstrengthc1325

strengthc1325

warnc1330

ward1340

warnestorec1374

abattlec1380

embattlec1380

fortify1436

bulwark1450

strengthen1450

bastille1480

enstrength1483

rempare1525

munite1533

fence1535

force1535

ranforce1547

rampire1550

fort1559

ramforce1570

fortificate1575

refortify1579

ensconce1590

munify1596

sconce1598

renforce1602

harness1611

munish1633

tackle1645

schanze1901

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin viii. 450 The Venetians had the better oportunitie and meane to refurnishe and refortifie Padoa [Fr. de mieux pourueoir & fortiffier Padouë, It. di potere meglio prouuedere, & fortificare Padoua].

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 128 More commonly old Castels..be repaired and refortified.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 37 This was our continual duty, till the Castle was refortified.

1692 London Gaz. No. 2801/2 Above 6000 are summoned in with Shovels and Pickaxes..to re-fortifie the Town of Old-Manheim.

1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Harwich It has since been ordered to be refortified.

1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. i. iv. 182 He reoccupied and refortified such of those posts as promoted his vengeful designs.

1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xv. 315 St. George might take us to Nassau Castle, and you, Mr. Fitzloom, might refortify the old tower of Stein.

1896 W. H. Hutton Philip Augustus iii. 76 The island taken, Philip refortified it and rebuilt..the bridge.

1914 Philos. Rev. 23 357 There seems to be very little that is new; old positions are re-fortified, other old positions are re-refuted.

1941 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 10 398/2 Hitler was allowed to re-fortify the Rhineland with little more than feeble, short-lived protests from Britain and France.

2007 C. Gravett Castles of Edward I in Wales 25 Edward largely spent his money on..refortifying the south-east tower in the inner ward, and extending the outer gatehouse.

2. transitive. To reinvigorate, renew.

ΚΠ

1889 J. H. Skrine Mem. E. Thring 140 I am repeating a judgment formed long ago, and often refortified.

1926 S. Sassoon Satirical Poems 24 Refortified by exercise and air, I..Grow half-humane, and question the propriety Of Foxes Torn to Bits in Smart Society.

2007 Sophisticate's Black Hair Styles & Care Guide Mar.–Apr. 17/1 (advt.) With vitamin E and nourishing hydrators you can go beyond cleansing to refortify your skin's moisture.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	refortify
释义	refortifyv. Brit. /ˌriːˈfɔːtᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˌriˈfɔrdəˌfaɪ/ Forms: see re- prefix and fortify v. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, fortify v. Etymology: < re- prefix + fortify v. Compare Middle French, French refortifier (second half of the 14th cent. as refortiffier in sense 1 and, used reflexively, in sense ‘to be strengthened, reinvigorated’; early 17th cent. in sense 2, used transitively), Italian rifortificare (first half of the 14th cent. in sense 2, 1558 in sense 1). 1. transitive. To rebuild or repair the defensive fortifications of (a place or position). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fortify [verb (transitive)] fastenOE enfirm1297 ofstrengthc1325 strengthc1325 warnc1330 ward1340 warnestorec1374 abattlec1380 embattlec1380 fortify1436 bulwark1450 strengthen1450 bastille1480 enstrength1483 rempare1525 munite1533 fence1535 force1535 ranforce1547 rampire1550 fort1559 ramforce1570 fortificate1575 refortify1579 ensconce1590 munify1596 sconce1598 renforce1602 harness1611 munish1633 tackle1645 schanze1901 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin viii. 450 The Venetians had the better oportunitie and meane to refurnishe and refortifie Padoa [Fr. de mieux pourueoir & fortiffier Padouë, It. di potere meglio prouuedere, & fortificare Padoua]. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 128 More commonly old Castels..be repaired and refortified. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 37 This was our continual duty, till the Castle was refortified. 1692 London Gaz. No. 2801/2 Above 6000 are summoned in with Shovels and Pickaxes..to re-fortifie the Town of Old-Manheim. 1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Harwich It has since been ordered to be refortified. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. i. iv. 182 He reoccupied and refortified such of those posts as promoted his vengeful designs. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xv. 315 St. George might take us to Nassau Castle, and you, Mr. Fitzloom, might refortify the old tower of Stein. 1896 W. H. Hutton Philip Augustus iii. 76 The island taken, Philip refortified it and rebuilt..the bridge. 1914 Philos. Rev. 23 357 There seems to be very little that is new; old positions are re-fortified, other old positions are re-refuted. 1941 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 10 398/2 Hitler was allowed to re-fortify the Rhineland with little more than feeble, short-lived protests from Britain and France. 2007 C. Gravett Castles of Edward I in Wales 25 Edward largely spent his money on..refortifying the south-east tower in the inner ward, and extending the outer gatehouse. 2. transitive. To reinvigorate, renew. ΚΠ 1889 J. H. Skrine Mem. E. Thring 140 I am repeating a judgment formed long ago, and often refortified. 1926 S. Sassoon Satirical Poems 24 Refortified by exercise and air, I..Grow half-humane, and question the propriety Of Foxes Torn to Bits in Smart Society. 2007 Sophisticate's Black Hair Styles & Care Guide Mar.–Apr. 17/1 (advt.) With vitamin E and nourishing hydrators you can go beyond cleansing to refortify your skin's moisture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1579
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