reformadon.

Brit.

/ˌrɛfəˈmeɪdəʊ/,

/ˌrɛfəˈmɑːdəʊ/, U.S.

/ˌrɛfərˈmeɪdoʊ/,

/ˌrɛfərˈmɑdoʊ/

Inflections: Plural reformadoes, reformados.

Forms: 1600s reformader, 1600s reformadoe, 1600s– reformado.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish reformado.

Etymology: < Spanish reformado military officer left without a command owing to reorganization (probably a1593), person who is or has reformed in some respect (1598), use as noun of reformado, adjective (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in the military sense: see reformed adj.¹ and n.). Compare earlier reformed adj.¹ 5 and later reformade n., reformier n.

Now chiefly historical.

a. A military officer left without a command owing to reorganization but retaining his rank and seniority, and receiving full or half pay. Also: a volunteer serving in the army or navy without a commission, but with the rank of an officer. Cf. reform v.¹ 10. Now historical.Chiefly with reference to the period of the English Civil War.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer

adventurer1548

voluntary1601

reformado1616

volunteera1618

reformadec1645

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > officer without command on half-pay

reformado1616

reformier1644

reformadec1645

half-pay1826

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iii. v, in Wks. I. 39 Into the likenesse of one of these Reformado's had he moulded himselfe so perfectly.

1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 68 That the Earl of Crauford's Troop, and those other Officers in the Army that go under the name of Reformadoes, are an unnecessary Charge.

?1645 H. Peters Report to House of Commons in J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva (1647) iii. ii. 132 The Castle was manned with 700 men, divers of them Reformadoes.

1660 S. Pepys Diary 1 Oct. (1970) I. 256 Mr. Mansell (a poor Reformado of the Charles) who came to see me.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 90 There was about 30 Officers, who having no Soldiers..served as Reformadoes with the Regiment.

a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 311 Moving his majesty that the loyal Scotch officers, formed into a company of reformadoes.., might be cashiered.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xxi. 324 Jinker..had been reduced, with several others, by the advice of the Baron of Bradwardine, to the situation of what he called reformed officers, or reformadoes .

1891 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Civil War III. liii. 177 The Reformadoes were at last to be actually ejected from London.

1940 Eng. Hist. Rev. 55 237 In opposition to the New Model army, ‘presbyterians’ and city had tried to appeal to the separate interest of the ‘Reformado’ officers and soldiers, those who had been demobilized (without pay) at the reorganization in 1645.

1999 K. Hickman Daughters of Britannia (2000) Prol. p. xix The officers and reformadoes of the ship.

b. In extended use. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xiv. 16) 121 Kings cared not for souldiers (no more did the King of Sodome for Abraham, and his Reformadoes).

a1680 T. Goodwin Disc. Christ Mediator v. xvii, in Wks. (1692) III. 329 The Devil again put out of trade, and made a Reformado.

1922 G. Saintsbury Scrap Bk. xlv. 165 Moreover, I felt..that I might by that time be regarded as something of a reformado by the regulars of classical scholarship.

†2. A person who is, or has, reformed in some respect. Also: a person who favours reform; a reformer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > [noun] > one who is reformed

convertite1605

reformadoa1632

reform1756

the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > reform > one who > one who favours reform

reformado1787

reformationist1824

new-birthitea1834

new eraist1872

reformist1906

renewalist1966

a1632 J. Weever in H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. (1818) This was one of Celestin the pope's caveats for his new reformadoes.

1642 J. Spelman View of Observ. upon His Majesties Late Answers 22 I promise him upon that to turn Reformado.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 502 Now see the Rocks our false Reformado splits on.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. iv. §146 310 I promise hereafter to be a Reformado, or no Writer at all.

1787 Gentleman's Mag. 57 ii. 1053/1 Never surely did any Turkish or Algerine reformado slash his subject of conversion with a spirit so zealous.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto X xiii. 59 Even shuffling Southey..Would scarcely join again the ‘reformadoes’, Whom he forsook to fill the Laureate's sty.

1857 Blackwood's Mag. 81 394 Have I not set fast brothers by the ears..And sometimes roused the reformado's zeal?

1876 H. Melville Clarel II. iv. xix. 515 Oh, 'tis the sorriest thing! In me A reformado reformed ye see.

Compounds

†C1. Following another noun, either in appositive compounds or as a postmodifier, as captain reformado, gentleman reformado, knight reformado. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne v. ii, in Wks. I. 589 His Knights reformados are wound vp as high, and insolent, as euer they were.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 166 Wee tooke thirteene prisoners, among whom was a Captaine Reformado (as they terme them, for honour of antiquitie).

1645 J. Corbet Hist. Relation Mil. Govt. Gloucester 137 The prisoners taken in the garrison were five hundred and fifty on the list, of whom two Colonells,..with other Officers and Gentlemen reformadoes to the number of seventy.

1691 T. Spencer True Relation Proc. against French 3 Himself leading his own Guard of Gentlemen Reformadoes.

1768 A. Collins Peerage Eng. (ed. 4) VII. 150 The Irish were so numerous, that his own troop, which consisted of gentlemen reformadoes, was charged in front, flank, and rear, both by horse and foot.

C2. General attributive.

a. In sense 1a, as reformado officer, reformado soldier, etc.

ΚΠ

c1642 in S. Glover Hist. County of Derby (1829) I. App. 71 Two hundred and forty of the Lord Brooke's reformader troupe, which behaved themselves all very gallantly.

1644 Ordinance 26 Mar. in Husband Coll. Pub. Ord. Ho. Parl. (1646) 446 The condition of Reformadoe Officers.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 113 She..o'er her shoulder, Chastiz'd the Reformado Souldier.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 90 My Reformado Scots having observed that the Town Port [etc.].

1801 G. Huddesford in Poems (1801) II. 131 And, lo, our thrice-redoubted soldiers Have left your heads upon your shoulders! This, from our Reformado-race, Account no common mark of grace.

1965 Eng. Hist. Rev. 80 294 In addition there were many warrants for paying the reformado officers—who had been called to active service without a troop to serve under them.

1987 Hist. Jrnl. 30 567 Their ringleader, the reformado captain, William Musgrave.

b. In senses 1b, 2, as reformado saint, reformado priest, reformado sect, etc. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1661 R. L'Estrange Relaps'd Apostate sig. B Some Thousands of these Fire-balls, are already thrown among the Common People by the Reformado Presbyters.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 76 I grant You are a Reformado Saint.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 128 Three Reformado Sects joined in one..will not serve to maintain one Pedant.

?1717 E. Fenton in Poems (1717) 58 Venus, and all her naked Loves, The Reformado Nymph removes.

1820 C. Lamb in Indicator 20 Dec. 82 A reformado priest of the day.

1857 H. Melville Confidence-man xxii. 177 I'll none of your reformado boys.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reformado
释义	reformadon. Brit. /ˌrɛfəˈmeɪdəʊ/, /ˌrɛfəˈmɑːdəʊ/, U.S. /ˌrɛfərˈmeɪdoʊ/, /ˌrɛfərˈmɑdoʊ/ Inflections: Plural reformadoes, reformados. Forms: 1600s reformader, 1600s reformadoe, 1600s– reformado. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish reformado. Etymology: < Spanish reformado military officer left without a command owing to reorganization (probably a1593), person who is or has reformed in some respect (1598), use as noun of reformado, adjective (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in the military sense: see reformed adj.¹ and n.). Compare earlier reformed adj.¹ 5 and later reformade n., reformier n. Now chiefly historical. 1. a. A military officer left without a command owing to reorganization but retaining his rank and seniority, and receiving full or half pay. Also: a volunteer serving in the army or navy without a commission, but with the rank of an officer. Cf. reform v.¹ 10. Now historical.Chiefly with reference to the period of the English Civil War. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer adventurer1548 voluntary1601 reformado1616 volunteera1618 reformadec1645 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > officer without command on half-pay reformado1616 reformier1644 reformadec1645 half-pay1826 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iii. v, in Wks. I. 39 Into the likenesse of one of these Reformado's had he moulded himselfe so perfectly. 1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 68 That the Earl of Crauford's Troop, and those other Officers in the Army that go under the name of Reformadoes, are an unnecessary Charge. ?1645 H. Peters Report to House of Commons in J. Sprigge Anglia Rediviva (1647) iii. ii. 132 The Castle was manned with 700 men, divers of them Reformadoes. 1660 S. Pepys Diary 1 Oct. (1970) I. 256 Mr. Mansell (a poor Reformado of the Charles) who came to see me. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 90 There was about 30 Officers, who having no Soldiers..served as Reformadoes with the Regiment. a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 311 Moving his majesty that the loyal Scotch officers, formed into a company of reformadoes.., might be cashiered. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xxi. 324 Jinker..had been reduced, with several others, by the advice of the Baron of Bradwardine, to the situation of what he called reformed officers, or reformadoes . View more context for this quotation 1891 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Civil War III. liii. 177 The Reformadoes were at last to be actually ejected from London. 1940 Eng. Hist. Rev. 55 237 In opposition to the New Model army, ‘presbyterians’ and city had tried to appeal to the separate interest of the ‘Reformado’ officers and soldiers, those who had been demobilized (without pay) at the reorganization in 1645. 1999 K. Hickman Daughters of Britannia (2000) Prol. p. xix The officers and reformadoes of the ship. b. In extended use. Now rare. ΚΠ 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xiv. 16) 121 Kings cared not for souldiers (no more did the King of Sodome for Abraham, and his Reformadoes). a1680 T. Goodwin Disc. Christ Mediator v. xvii, in Wks. (1692) III. 329 The Devil again put out of trade, and made a Reformado. 1922 G. Saintsbury Scrap Bk. xlv. 165 Moreover, I felt..that I might by that time be regarded as something of a reformado by the regulars of classical scholarship. †2. A person who is, or has, reformed in some respect. Also: a person who favours reform; a reformer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > [noun] > one who is reformed convertite1605 reformadoa1632 reform1756 the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > reform > one who > one who favours reform reformado1787 reformationist1824 new-birthitea1834 new eraist1872 reformist1906 renewalist1966 a1632 J. Weever in H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. (1818) This was one of Celestin the pope's caveats for his new reformadoes. 1642 J. Spelman View of Observ. upon His Majesties Late Answers 22 I promise him upon that to turn Reformado. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 502 Now see the Rocks our false Reformado splits on. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. iv. §146 310 I promise hereafter to be a Reformado, or no Writer at all. 1787 Gentleman's Mag. 57 ii. 1053/1 Never surely did any Turkish or Algerine reformado slash his subject of conversion with a spirit so zealous. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto X xiii. 59 Even shuffling Southey..Would scarcely join again the ‘reformadoes’, Whom he forsook to fill the Laureate's sty. 1857 Blackwood's Mag. 81 394 Have I not set fast brothers by the ears..And sometimes roused the reformado's zeal? 1876 H. Melville Clarel II. iv. xix. 515 Oh, 'tis the sorriest thing! In me A reformado reformed ye see. Compounds †C1. Following another noun, either in appositive compounds or as a postmodifier, as captain reformado, gentleman reformado, knight reformado. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne v. ii, in Wks. I. 589 His Knights reformados are wound vp as high, and insolent, as euer they were. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 166 Wee tooke thirteene prisoners, among whom was a Captaine Reformado (as they terme them, for honour of antiquitie). 1645 J. Corbet Hist. Relation Mil. Govt. Gloucester 137 The prisoners taken in the garrison were five hundred and fifty on the list, of whom two Colonells,..with other Officers and Gentlemen reformadoes to the number of seventy. 1691 T. Spencer True Relation Proc. against French 3 Himself leading his own Guard of Gentlemen Reformadoes. 1768 A. Collins Peerage Eng. (ed. 4) VII. 150 The Irish were so numerous, that his own troop, which consisted of gentlemen reformadoes, was charged in front, flank, and rear, both by horse and foot. C2. General attributive. a. In sense 1a, as reformado officer, reformado soldier, etc. ΚΠ c1642 in S. Glover Hist. County of Derby (1829) I. App. 71 Two hundred and forty of the Lord Brooke's reformader troupe, which behaved themselves all very gallantly. 1644 Ordinance 26 Mar. in Husband Coll. Pub. Ord. Ho. Parl. (1646) 446 The condition of Reformadoe Officers. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 113 She..o'er her shoulder, Chastiz'd the Reformado Souldier. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 90 My Reformado Scots having observed that the Town Port [etc.]. 1801 G. Huddesford in Poems (1801) II. 131 And, lo, our thrice-redoubted soldiers Have left your heads upon your shoulders! This, from our Reformado-race, Account no common mark of grace. 1965 Eng. Hist. Rev. 80 294 In addition there were many warrants for paying the reformado officers—who had been called to active service without a troop to serve under them. 1987 Hist. Jrnl. 30 567 Their ringleader, the reformado captain, William Musgrave. b. In senses 1b, 2, as reformado saint, reformado priest, reformado sect, etc. Now rare. ΚΠ 1661 R. L'Estrange Relaps'd Apostate sig. B Some Thousands of these Fire-balls, are already thrown among the Common People by the Reformado Presbyters. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 76 I grant You are a Reformado Saint. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 128 Three Reformado Sects joined in one..will not serve to maintain one Pedant. ?1717 E. Fenton in Poems (1717) 58 Venus, and all her naked Loves, The Reformado Nymph removes. 1820 C. Lamb in Indicator 20 Dec. 82 A reformado priest of the day. 1857 H. Melville Confidence-man xxii. 177 I'll none of your reformado boys. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1616
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