† reforcev.

Forms: late Middle English–1700s reforce; Scottish pre-1700 reforse.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French reforcer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French reforcer to become stronger (c1270 in Anglo-Norman), to reinforce, strengthen (mid 14th cent.) < re- re- prefix + forcer force v.¹ Compare force v.¹ 13a, and later renforce v., reinforce v.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To reinforce, strengthen, redouble. Also reflexive: to exert oneself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase in strength or force

afforce1425

forcec1430

reforcec1450

fortify1470

reinforcec1485

stiffen?a1500

strengthen1548

toughen1582

invigorate1646

hardena1677

recruit1678

emphasize1800

bastion1822

beef1941

c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 73 (MED) Then the thothre toke the stone and reforced hym and did so myche that he caste as farre.

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 113 He byganne to reforce his callynge, cryinge wyth a hyghe voyce.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 176 Thus bygan ayen the batayll to be reforced.

1546 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 54 Men..that can reforse the strenthis.

1627 G. Barry tr. H. Hugo Seige of Breda ii. 11 (margin) Iustinus de Nasaw reforced the towne with ahondereth companies.

1702 F. Povey Sea-gunners Compan. 6 I hope reforcing a Gun..will burn more powder.

2. intransitive. To become stronger, be reinforced.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > in intensity or degree

waxc897

reforce1490

rise1594

fortify1605

strengthena1616

harden1625

intend1655

thicken1672

exasperate1742

intensify1853

thick1879

to hot up1922

to build up1936

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 110 Nothyng coude playse nor brynge hym tyll his hertys ease, But euer more reforced and redoubled his sorowe.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 290 There reforced the batayll.

Derivatives

reforcing n.

ΚΠ

1546 in T. Ruddiman Epistolae (1724) II. App. 376 He sall send men of experience for reforsing of strenthis and biggein of the samyn.

1641 W. Prynne Antipathie ii. 192 Each man might understand the causes that moved him to rise in Armes against the King, the reforcing whereof did not yet appertaine unto him.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	reforce
释义	† reforcev. Forms: late Middle English–1700s reforce; Scottish pre-1700 reforse. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French reforcer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French reforcer to become stronger (c1270 in Anglo-Norman), to reinforce, strengthen (mid 14th cent.) < re- re- prefix + forcer force v.¹ Compare force v.¹ 13a, and later renforce v., reinforce v. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To reinforce, strengthen, redouble. Also reflexive: to exert oneself. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase in strength or force afforce1425 forcec1430 reforcec1450 fortify1470 reinforcec1485 stiffen?a1500 strengthen1548 toughen1582 invigorate1646 hardena1677 recruit1678 emphasize1800 bastion1822 beef1941 c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 73 (MED) Then the thothre toke the stone and reforced hym and did so myche that he caste as farre. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 113 He byganne to reforce his callynge, cryinge wyth a hyghe voyce. c1500 Melusine (1895) 176 Thus bygan ayen the batayll to be reforced. 1546 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 54 Men..that can reforse the strenthis. 1627 G. Barry tr. H. Hugo Seige of Breda ii. 11 (margin) Iustinus de Nasaw reforced the towne with ahondereth companies. 1702 F. Povey Sea-gunners Compan. 6 I hope reforcing a Gun..will burn more powder. 2. intransitive. To become stronger, be reinforced. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > in intensity or degree waxc897 reforce1490 rise1594 fortify1605 strengthena1616 harden1625 intend1655 thicken1672 exasperate1742 intensify1853 thick1879 to hot up1922 to build up1936 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) 110 Nothyng coude playse nor brynge hym tyll his hertys ease, But euer more reforced and redoubled his sorowe. c1500 Melusine (1895) 290 There reforced the batayll. Derivatives reforcing n. ΚΠ 1546 in T. Ruddiman Epistolae (1724) II. App. 376 He sall send men of experience for reforsing of strenthis and biggein of the samyn. 1641 W. Prynne Antipathie ii. 192 Each man might understand the causes that moved him to rise in Armes against the King, the reforcing whereof did not yet appertaine unto him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1450
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