† redoublen.1
Rhetoric. Obsolete. rare.
= anadiplosis n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > repetition > at end of one clause and start of next
anadiplosis?1526
reduplication1588
redouble1589
redoublinga1679
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 167 Ye haue another sort of repetition when with the worde by which you finish your verse, ye beginne the next verse... The Greeks call this figure Anadiplosis, I call him the Redouble as the originall beares.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
redoublen.2int.
/ˌriːˈdʌbl/, U.S. /riˈdəb(ə)l/ Cards (esp. Bridge).
A call that doubles a bid already doubled by an opponent; the action or tactic of making such a call. Also occasionally as int.: a call used to double an already doubled bid.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > bid > double > redouble
redouble1906
S.O.S. redouble1926
1906 ‘Cut-Cavendish’ Compl. Bridge Player 98 The redouble is the rara avis of the Bridge world.
1910 J. B. Elwell Auction Bridge 103 The laws of Auction, as embodied for club play, limit the doubling feature to one double and one re-double.
1964 E. Kaplan Winning Contract Bridge Compl. i. 7 After you double, either opponent has the right to say ‘Redouble’ at his turn to bid. A redoubled contract fulfilled scores four times the value of the tricks.
1998 Eng. Bridge Feb. 7/2 One way to escape is to play redouble as indicating that responder has a suit of his own.
2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 45/3 In my methods partner's double would still be take-out. But I guess after a card-showing redouble it is common sense that double is penalty.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
redoublev.1
/ˌriːˈdʌbl/, /rᵻˈdʌbl/, U.S. /riˈdəb(ə)l/ 1. transitive and intransitive. To double (a thing) for a second or further time; (also) to double repeatedly. Chiefly in collocations with double.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > change direction of movement [verb (intransitive)] > move with sudden turn > move with sudden turns
redoublec1443
double1594
weave1596
hare1893
jinkle1893
to bob and weave1928
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > multiply by two or double [verb (transitive)] > again
redouble1589
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 52 Y schulde double and þanne it double, double eftsones, and so make it xvj siþis grettir, and þan double þis and ȝitt redouble it.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 682/1 It is a sporte to se an hare doubyll and redoubyll.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. x. 72 The maker will double or redouble his rime or concords, and set his distances farre or nigh.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 283 Doubling and redoubling the praises of the king.
1728 D. Defoe Plan Eng. Commerce 155 The Labour of the People, being added to the Value, shall so far double and redouble the Sum, as the Nature of the Things respectively shall admit.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 403 The volume that is doubled or redoubled is imposed in the whole Chase.
1849 J. C. Myers Sketches on Tour xxxi. 348 The cloth forming the bags is doubled and redoubled in its tube.
1909 Polit. Soc. Q. 24 472 The circulation of the newspaper doubled and redoubled beyond anything then known in journalism.
2003 Wired Jan. 110/2 Dupers..look for software bugs that let them double and redouble their gold on command, turning a single piece into billions with just a few mouseclicks.
2. transitive. To sail (back) round; = double v. 9a. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > sail round to the other side of
double1548
redouble1611
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. v. i. 155/2 The huge enorme tract of ground beyond Caledonia..was first redoubled with the Romane fleet by Iulius Agricola.
2000 L. P. Paine Ships of Discov. 75/1 Turning west, on the twenty-first the ship redoubled the North Cape.
3. intransitive and transitive. Cards (esp. Bridge). To double a bid which an opponent has already doubled.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > bid > types of bid
overbid1887
double1894
redouble1894
to go back1900
pre-empt1913
rebid1914
S.O.S.1926
overcall1927
cue-bid1932
psych1932
to sign off1932
reverse1939
sacrifice1952
to pass out1959
stop1959
underbid1974
under-call-
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > bid > types of bid
double1894
redouble1894
respond1901
overbid1908
underbid1908
to take out of ——1909
rebid1914
rescue1921
jump1927
overcall1927
pre-empt1928
cue-bid1932
psych1937
1894 ‘Boaz’ Pocket Guide to Bridge 6 The leader has then to ask the adversaries whether either of them wishes to redouble.
1898 ‘Professor Hoffmann’ Bk. Card & Table Games (ed. 2) i. 312 The main elements of novelty in Bridge..may be classed under the following heads:—..3. Licence to each party alternately to double and re-double the normal value of tricks.
1910 J. B. Elwell Auction Bridge 102 The general Auction laws do not limit the number of times that a declaration may be doubled and re-doubled.
1921 Sat. Westm. Gaz. 1 Oct. 17/1 The player who doubles would not lose much if the rule was that his double could not be re-doubled.
1980 Times 12 Jan. 10/6 South doubles for a take-out and West redoubles.
2008 Independent (Nexis) 20 Feb. (Extra section) 22 Helness, with points to spare for his bidding thus far, redoubled.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
redoublev.2
/ˌriːˈdʌbl/, /rᵻˈdʌbl/, U.S. /riˈdəb(ə)l/ I. To increase, multiply; to intensify.† 4. intransitive. To be as great again (by a specified multiple). Obsolete. rare.
1. intransitive. To become greater or more intense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > in specific proportion
doublec1320
redouble?1473
treblea1625
quadruple1776
quintuple1792
triple1799
octuple1837
sextuple1856
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > be multiplied by two or doubled [verb (intransitive)]
doublec1320
redouble?1473
reduplicate1618
duplicate1646
?1473 [implied in: W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 244 Her sorowe redowblid and grewe In this redoublyng she wrote yet a nother lettre whiche she sente to hercules. (at redoubling n.2 1)].
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxiv. 90 Redoublen her sorowes and her trystesses enforce more vpon her.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 682/1 Whan I thynke upon his dethe my sorowes redouble.
a1631 J. Donne Extasie in Poems (1633) 279 A single violet transplant, The strength, the colour, and the size, (All which before was poore, and scant) Redoubles still, and multiplies.
1631 Funerals Right Reuerend Father Patrick Forbes of Corse 412 Their doole redoubled so, their cryes became confusde,That Natures workes all round about was stupified, and musde.
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxxi. 189 The heat of the body reflecting at the fingers ends, redoubles, and is more intense than in any other part.
1739 J. Wesley Let. 7 May (1931) I. 304 But when her pangs redoubled, so that all her bones shook, he knew not what to think.
1766 E. Griffith Double Mistake i. 5 At the sight of him, my terror and confusion redoubled.
1838 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott VII. xi. 362 His impatience redoubled: all his fine dreams of recovery seemed to vanish at once.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 46 The clamour redoubled when it was known that the convert..had accepted the Deanery of Saint Paul's.
1956 L. Lockert tr. P. Du Ryer Saül iv, in Chief Rivals Corneille & Racine 142 Before thee, and for thee, my fear redoubles.
2008 C. Delors Mistress of Revol. xiii. 78 ‘Thérèse,’ I said, ‘I think I know what is ailing you.’ Her sobs redoubled.
2. transitive. To increase, intensify. Esp. in to redouble one's efforts. Also occasionally more specifically (chiefly in early use): to increase twofold, to double.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase by specific proportion
doublec1290
treblea1325
triplea1400
redouble1477
quadruple1487
sextuple1632
quintuple1639
quinquiplicate1656
quintuplicate1676
fivefold1858
tenfold1858
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > multiplication by two > multiply by two or double [verb (transitive)]
doublec1290
duplec1425
redouble1477
duplify1509
reduplicate1570
duplicate1623
ingeminate1625
geminatea1637
twice1637
iterate1660
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 18 b I haue yet good wil that to morne I shal redouble that.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xlii. 159 These tydynges dyde redouble her ioye ouer mesure.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 249v By this meanes are the customes redoubeled.
1591 R. Southwell Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares f. 21 v Thy losse hath redoubled the torment of my owne [grief].
1592 Soliman & Pers. v. ii. 63 He lept for ioy, swearing and promising That our reward should be redoubled.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 219 The feare which she hath lest her little one should take harme redoubleth her courage.
1698 S. Clarke Scripture-justif. iv. 18 When God justified Job,..he return'd and redoubled all his Temporal Blessings to him again.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vi. 192 This made our people redouble their efforts.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia II. iv. x. 261 Mrs. Delvile, who perceived her uneasiness with much concern, redoubled her civilities and caresses.
1809 S. T. Coleridge Three Graves iii, in Friend 21 Sept. 93 There was a Hurry in her Looks, Her struggles she redoubled.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 513 The King's alms and prayers and fastings are redoubled.
1899 K. Chopin Awakening x. 68 Of late he had sometimes held away from her for an entire day, redoubling his devotion upon the next..as though to make up for hours that had been lost.
1915 Lima (Ohio) Daily News 6 Mar. 1/1 The steamers rushing to her assistance had redoubled their speed.
1916 C. S. Churchill Let. 4 Feb. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) vii. 168 I really have worked hard but now I shall have to redouble my efforts to deserve all this.
1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) iv. 125 The Japanese..redoubled the fire of their grenade launchers.
1986 E. E. Scharff Worldly Power xv. 274 After Watergate other publications redoubled their investigative reporting, sometimes going to extremes.
2000 D. Ginsberg Waiting vii. 175 My father redoubled his efforts to make Peppy's a place where everybody would want to eat.
3. intransitive. To increase in a particular quality, emotion, etc.
ΚΠ
1574 T. Tymme tr. J. de Serres Three Partes Comm. Ciuill Warres Fraunce ix. 265 The prince of Nauarre gaue cause of singular courage to the souldiours, whose stomakes..seemed to redouble in desire, the rather at the gracious view and persuasions of the yong Prince.
a1627 J. Hayward Ann. Four Years Elizabeth (1840) 62 The Englishe..redublinge in courage upon the importance of their danger,..drave the French againe home to the towne.
1831 J. Jekyll Let. 27 Oct. (1894) ix. 281 The morning papers redouble in fury.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 249 The row when we reached the town redoubled in volume.
1933 E. A. Powell Slanting Lines of Steel iii. 34 The artillery fire redoubled in intensity... The hot blue sky was dappled with fleecy white powder-puffs.
2003 J. Garth Tolkien & Great War ii. viii. 152 It [sc. a cannonade] went on for over an hour, towards the end somehow redoubling in fury.
ΚΠ
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vii. xxii. 338/1 The Armie of this enemie is reported to redouble thirty times his.
II. To repeat, reiterate.† 5. transitive. To reproduce, cause to recur. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xx. sig. eviii Often tymes the omittynge of correction redoubleth a trespace.
6. † b. intransitive. In Fencing: to repeat a thrust or stroke. Obsolete.Cf. 1960 at redoublement n. 1.
a. transitive. To repeat (a blow, a stroke, etc.); also figurative. Chiefly archaic in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > deal or give (a stroke or blow) > another or repeated
recovera1500
redouble1576
1576 T. Achelley tr. M. Bandello Most Lamentable & Tragicall Hist. sig. Fj Shee like a vile Medea fell, Her deuelish rage prouokes: And on his wretched rented corps, Redoubleth still her strokes.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales vi. viii. 134 He..being carried away with his horse, was not able to redouble his stroke.
1608 R. Johnson Hist. Seuen Champions Christendome (new ed.) i. vi. 53, sig. H The valiant Knight..neuer rested his wearie arme, but redoubled blow after blow till the Gyant..was forced to giue the worlde a farewell.
1646 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. II. vi. 40 e He was..wounded in the side by one who was come thither to kill him, and who did not redouble his thrust.
1720 D. Manley Power of Love iii. 219 He struggled, but Violenta, like another Medea, mad with Rage and Fury, redoubled her Stroke.
1808 J. Pickersgill Three Brothers II. 245 He felt the thick blood trickle on his breast, and redoubled the thrust.
1818 C. Wolfe Let. 24 Mar. in Remains Charles Wolfe (1842) 115 Although I have not received an answer to a letter which I wrote to you..I am induced to write again, and redouble my blow.
1843 tr. A. L. L. de Custine Empire of Czar II. 341 A favourite endeavoured to stay the hand of the tyrant; Ivan redoubled his blow, and the Czarewitch fell mortally wounded.
1955 J. M. Cohen tr. F. Rabelais Hist. Gargantua & Pantagruel ii. 263 Pantagruel intended to redouble the blow as he disengaged. But, raising his club, Werewolf advanced against him.
2003 C. Lynch tr. N. Machiavelli Art of War (2005) iii. 72 By speed, one doesn't let them redouble the blow..and it is able to hurt a smaller number of men.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > fence [verb (intransitive)] > actions
traversea1470
to hold one's handa1500
flourish1552
lock1579
to come in1594
retire1594
pass1595
recover1600
redouble1640
allonge1652
caveat1652
parry1671
disengage1684
overlap1692
volt1692
tierce1765
whip1771
wrench1771
lunge1809
salute1809
riposte1823
cut1833
quart1833
repost1848
remise1889
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes iii. 220 He ran him with his sword into the thigh, and instantly redoubling on his helmet, he overturned him.
1692 W. Hope Compl. Fencing-master (ed. 2) 98 When you Redouble or give in another Thrust.
1765 D. Angelo School of Fencing (ed. 2) 51/1 You should never redouble with such people, for fear of a counter thrust.
7. transitive. gen. To do, speak, act, etc., a second or further time; esp. to say or state again. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > repeating > repeat (an action) [verb (transitive)]
renovela1325
reiterate?a1425
replicate?a1425
repeat?1440
iter1530
iterate?1548
redouble1580
redo1598
second1610
answer1613
renewa1616
ingeminate1625
reiter1634
double1645
reperform1651
rename1665
rehandle1697
retracta1699
rehearse1700
re-enact1819
the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (transitive)]
doublec1380
naitc1400
reportc1405
repeat1427
renewa1464
iterate1533
resume1535
to run over ——1538
redouble1580
to go over ——1583
re-say1583
reclaim1590
ingeminate1594
reword1604
reassume1631
reutter1632
oversay1639
to fetch over1642
reassert1647
1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted ii. f. 61 Our Lorde and Sauiour Christe..setting downe a speciall marke, promiseth That he that seeth the Sonne, and beleeueth on him, shall haue life euerlasting. And redoubling the same promise else where, He that beleeueth in mee shall not die for euer.
1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 71 There is not a visitant..that will not roame from house to house..and redouble iourney after iourney heerevpon.
1658 B. L. Let. 20 Sept. in R. Baxter Reliquiæ Baxterianæ (1696) Appendix 60 The Lord requite your Labour of Love. I only redouble my Request for an Interest in your Prayers.
1712 R. D. Descr. Gospel Church i. 35 Has he not redoubled this Promise more than three or four times in his Gospel by St. John?
1727 A. Pope et al. Peri Bathous 73 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. Common Cryers and Hawkers, who by redoubling the same Words, persuade People to buy their Oysters, green Hastings, or new Ballads.
1757 Du Plessis's Mem. II. ii. 27 He..fell into a Strain of downright Abuse; which aggravated the other to such a Degree, as caus'd him to redouble his Oath.
a1831 J. Stoddart Gram. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 91/1 It is sufficient..that the negative conception should be once expressed in a simple sentence; but we generally find it redoubled in old English.
1853 J. Cumming Church before Flood (1854) xv. 270 Whenever the Hebrew writers wish to express their sentiments very strongly, they redouble the word and speak thus, ‘King of kings’, which means very great king; so ‘Lord of lords’.
1919 ‘S. G. Tallentyre’ tr. Voltaire Voltaire in his Lett. 101 I repeated these charming words to myself: I redoubled my questions: La Mettrie redoubled his assertions.
2005 Renaissance Drama 33 70 To promise sincerity is to beg the question. This, perhaps, is why the promise is ineffectually redoubled in the vow to keep the vow.
III. To repeat back; to return.† 8. transitive. To pay back (doubly); to return in kind or ‘with interest’. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xii. sig. Tvii Thus my kyndenesse hathe he well acquyted, or (as I mought saye) redoubled, delyvering me from the dethe.
1598 H. Roberts Honours Conquest sig. I3 Euerie blow, with blow, redoubled this noble Brytaine on the robbers, doing such feates of honor and chiualrie, that it amazed them to see.
9.
a. transitive. To repeat back (a sound); to reflect, re-echo. Chiefly literary in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (transitive)] > reverberate or echo
answera1425
redoublea1542
rebound1555
return1557
reply1565
report1589
re-echo1595
repercuss?a1597
render1598
reverberate1603
respeak1604
reverb1608
retort1609
reword1609
revoice1610
refract1621
to give back1889
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 80 To me thei do redowble still off stormye syghes the voyce.
1596 E. Spenser Prothalamion vii. sig. B So ended she; and all the rest around To her redoubled that her undersong.
1609 A. Nixon Warres Swethland vi. sig. E4 The Souldiers vpon this shewde as great forwardnesse, and as Ecchoes redoubled his wordes.
1673 J. Milton Sonnets xv, in Poems (new ed.) 59 Their moans The Vales redoubl'd to the Hills, and they To Heav'n.
1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper iii. i. 24 Hollow Mountains My groans redouble.
1766 T. Sadler Poems Var. Subj. 71 The Clock strikes Twelve; over the wat'ry Plain, The Sound's redoubled, and I hear again.
1789 ‘A. Pasquin’ Poems II. 41 Sweet Harmony mellows the notes with her shell, And Echo redoubles each lay from her cell.
1853 T. H. Chivers Atlanta 14 A flock of wild Swans..Whose clamorous shouts, redoubled by the Hills, Filled the wide Heavens.
1970 J. Blish Spock must Die! x. 84 Over it all arched a leaden roof in which every sound was doubled and redoubled.
1996 L. Norfolk Pope's Rhinoceros 26 He hears the Lion's rage in a plainsong rising to the resonant vaults, an echo redoubled in the darkness above their heads.
b. intransitive. To echo back, esp. repeatedly; to reverberate, resound. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo
aqueathOE
again-sounda1382
replya1393
answera1425
rolla1522
rebellow1590
re-echo1590
redouble1595
surrebound?1611
speaka1616
rethunder1716
reverb1796
1595 R. Parry Moderatus i. sig. A2 The mount Apenninus..repeated againe their sorrowes in such wise, that the sound thereof redoubling in the aire, could haue resolued a tirant his stony breast to compassion.
1607 Trag. Claudius Tiberius Nero sig. G Didst thou not see..How that discordant quire redoubled With their vntuned voyces?
1650 J. Reynolds Flower of Fidelitie i. 29 The delectable sound of a ravishing Cornet; the delicious (tripled) eccho whereof, redoubling through the thicknes of a curled Grove there next adjoyning.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 136 Loud shrieks the virgin train, And the loud shriek redoubles from the main.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 240 Peal upon peal redoubling all around.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vii. xi. 161 A stunning clang of massive bolts redoubling Beneath the deep.
1834 M. R. Mitford Charles I v. i. 62 Each loud stroke Rings like a knell, distinct, discordant, shrill, Gathering, redoubling, echoing round my head.
2005 D. Butler Last European 112 The echo redoubled.
c. transitive. To reflect back (an object, a colour, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (transitive)] > an image
reflect1582
reflex1590
render1598
glassa1628
redouble1728
image1792
mirror1820
1728 tr. M.-C. D'Aulnoy Coll. Novels & Tales of Fairies (ed. 2) III. 114 Cross the Plain there was a Valley; at the Bottom of which run a River by a Wood's Side; the pleasing Sight of which redoubling itself in the Reflexion of the Water, made an agreeable Landskip.
1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus (1823) ii. i. 60 I love to see their [stars'] rays redoubled in The tremulous silver of Euphrates' wave.
1827 J. Montgomery Pelican Island i. 11 The sun Sole in the firmament, but in the deep Redoubled.
1869 J. Ruskin Queen of Air §18 As you may trace new forms and softer colours in a hillside, redoubled by a lake.
2006 H. Lee Revol. of Heart (2007) ii. v. 198 She is gazing intently at her reflection... This emphasis on the face—refracted and redoubled by the mirror—calls to mind Arnold Davidson's argument.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† redoublev.3
Obsolete.
transitive. To make amends for (a transgression, a misdemeanour, etc.); to rectify (an error). Cf. redub v.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > specifically an error or fault
correct1340
reforma1475
resarce1524
redub1537
redouble1542
mend?1566
rectify1588
1542 Earl of Surrey Let. 25 July in Wks. H. Howard & T. Wyatt (1815) I. 169 Thys symple bodye..shalbe wthowt respecte alwayes reddie to be employed in his [sc. the king's] service trustynge ons so to redouble this error, wch may be well repe[n]ted but not revoked.
1571 Duke of Norfolk in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1896) App. IV. 574 Manye men have runne astraie who..have afterwardes, with good service, redobled ther former follies.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 55 They would fain reduble and redress this error.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
<
n.11589
n.2int.1906
v.1c1443
v.2?1473v.31542