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单词 red cross
释义

red crossn.

Brit. /ˌrɛd ˈkrɒs/, U.S. /ˌrɛd ˈkrɔs/, /ˌrɛd ˈkrɑs/
Forms: see red adj. and n. and cross n.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: red adj., cross n.
Etymology: < red adj. + cross n.Formerly also with postpositive use of the adjective (compare quot. ?1536 at sense 1a). In sense 3a after French croix rouge in the original account of the proceedings of an international conference held in Geneva in October 1863. Although it has subsequently been asserted that this symbol was chosen as a version of the Swiss flag with the colours reversed, the contemporary documentation does not record a reason for its selection.
1.
a. A red cross on a white background, the symbol of St George, esp. and usually as the national emblem of England and frequently also as the badge and emblem of the Crusades; a banner or ensign bearing this device.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national
ravenOE
thistle1488
red cross1523
St George's cross1548
Britannia1605
red rose1618
British Lion1687
shamrock1712
leek1714
American eagle1782
rising sun1787
white horse1814
Bird of Freedom1825
Union Jack1847
maple leaf1860
meatball1919
red star1920
hammer and sickle1921
chakra1947
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxviii. f. cxiiiv He was come thither..to exhorte the kynge to take on hym the redde crosse, and to helpe to open the passage against goddes ennemies.
?1536 Batayll of Eygyngecourte sig. A.ii On euery panes a crosse rede..Saynt Georges stremers sprede ouer hede.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 29 The Scottis..war all faine..to tak on the reid crose and to be sworne as natiue subiectis of the king of Ingland.
1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 30 Wearing the red Crosse or Cognizance of England.
c1610 Pilgrim's Song in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1848) 110 I am a pilgrim-warriour bound to fight Under the red crosse, 'gainst my rebell will.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1652 (1955) III. 57 Heraulds, carrying the armes of the State (as they cald it) namely the red Crosse.
1705 W. Forbes Treat. Church-lands & Tithes ii. iii. 244 All wore the Badge of the Red Cross, and received from the Pope the Red Standart.
1784 R. Cumberland Carmelite ii. i. 23 When the red Cross darts terror from my shield, The coward's heart shall quail.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. vi. 12 To see St George's red cross streaming.
1838 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. i On fresh or on salt water,..down comes the red cross and up go the stars.
1903 R. P. Berry Hist. Volunteer Infantry 455 The Queen's Colour is the ‘Union’ throughout, bearing in the centre of the red cross of St. George an embroidered Royal Crown.
1958 Folklore 69 197 The Red Cross of St George is everywhere.
2007 S. A. Grasse Evil Empire 28 The Union Jack..is actually three flags in one—the red cross of England on top of the white ‘X’ of Scotland and the red ‘X’ of Ireland.
b. An English ship. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels from specific country or region > [noun] > English or British
Englishman1533
red cross1624
lime-juicer1859
Limey1918
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia vi. 236 More afraid..then the smallest Red-Crosse that crosses the Seas would be..of any French Pickaroun [etc.].
c. The Christian side in the Crusades. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1801 W. Scott Fire-king in M. G. Lewis Tales of Wonder I. 67 The Red-cross wax'd faint, and the Crescent came on.
1801 W. Scott Fire-king in M. G. Lewis Tales of Wonder I. 69 How the Red-Cross it conquer'd, the Crescent it fell.
2. A red cross made on the door of a house to signify the presence of a plague victim, esp. in the 17th cent. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun] > place infected with > sign of
wisp?1507
red cross?1566
?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi iii. sig. L.iiv Where the aire was so infected, the dwellers remained marked with a red crosse.
1595 A. Copley Wits Fittes & Fancies iii. 85 In a plague time a Constable passing by his neighbors house..set vp a red crosse vpon his doore.
1636 Direct. Cure Plague H 2 b That euery house visited be marked with a Red Crosse of a foot long, in the middle of the doore.
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 529 A Door,..and a red Crosse on it would..effectually bring a licentious Gallant out of conceit with a Brothell-house.
1664 T. Killigrew Parsons Wedding iv. iii in Comedies & Trag. 129 Let us not forget ourselves in our grief; I am not ambitious of a Red-cross upon the door.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 194 He set the great Red Cross upon his Door with the words Lord Have Mercy Upon Us.
1818 A. Opie New Tales III. 249 I with trembling feet walked to the door, on which I beheld the portentous red cross, and its accompanying prayer.
1865 C. Knight Shadows Old Booksellers i. 13 He has seen the red cross on many a door during 1665, and has heard the awful midnight cry of ‘Bring out your dead’.
1927 Sci. Monthly Dec. 513/1 The infected house was shut up with a large red cross and ‘Lord have mercy upon us’ painted on the door.
a1963 L. MacNeice Coll. Poems (1979) XII. 445 The watch will stop and mark the red cross on the door.
1996 M. Prince Here comes Candle xxiv. 149 Why is there no watchman outside the third house on the other side of the road with the red cross on its door?
3.
a. A red cross as the international symbol of the nursing and ambulance service of the same name (see sense 3b); = Geneva cross n. at Geneva n. 4b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [noun] > signs of medical services
red lamp1785
red cross1866
society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > others
cocklestone1591
Rosy Cross1621
toison d'or1704
greyhound1747
foul anchor1754
red cross1866
Geneva cross1870
Tammany tiger1871
fasces1889
waist-plate1902
blue star1917
gold star1917
red ribbon1990
1866 Treaty Amelioration Condition Wounded Soldiers (Amer. Assoc. for Relief of Misery of Battle Fields) 17 Article 7. A distinctive and uniform flag shall be adopted for hospitals, ambulances, and evacuations..The flag and the arm-badge shall bear a red cross [Fr. croix rouge] on a white ground.
1891 F. E. Hulme Heraldry (1897) 269 The doctors, nurses, and assistants have a white armlet with the red cross, the sacred badge that proclaims their errand of mercy.
1921 Aeronautics 2 June 394/1 The first air ambulance..is painted aluminium with a large Red Cross painted on the fuselage and beneath the wings.
1943 Life 11 Jan. 71/1 Others, the hospital ships, are vessels of mercy, and—painted white with a broad green stripe and a red cross on their sides—go unescorted..to pick up and tend sailors wounded in sea battles.
1971 J. Leasor Love-All ix. 155 The Dolls' Hospital... A giant red cross and red crescent painted on the glass showed..that here was a hospital of some kind.
2006 Daily Tel. 23 June 16/2 The so-called ‘Red Crystal’—a red square standing on its corner—will now take its place alongside the Red Cross and the Red Crescent as an internationally-recognised humanitarian emblem.
b. With capital initials and the. An organization set up following the Geneva Convention of 1864 to provide ambulance, nursing, first aid, hospital, and relief services, originally and esp. in time of war, and identified and symbolized by a red cross. Also: a person working for this organization (rare). Cf. Red Crescent n. at red adj. and n. Compounds 1f(c)(i).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > paramedic > [noun] > Red Cross personnel
red cross1869
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [noun] > ambulance service > Red Cross or Crescent
red cross1869
Red Crescent1877
1869 Times 10 Sept. 10/3 Also an interesting exhibition now open by the Association, known as the Red Cross, which has for special object the affording assistance to sick and wounded soldiers in time of war.
1877 W. E. Forster in T. W. Reid Life W. E. Forster (1888) II. iv. 169 I went down with Russian Red Crosses in the Austrian steamer.
1897 C. Bigham With Turkish Army in Thessaly xiv. 121 Detachments of the Red Cross, who worked efficiently and generously throughout.
1914 M. Gyte Diary 8 Aug. (1999) 26 Kate brought word that the members of the Red Cross must be ready when they hear from War Office.
1933 P. Fleming Brazilian Adventure i. x. 88 Girls..sold flags for the Red Cross.
1940 P. White Let. 12 Sept. (1994) ii. 33 I am doing a job with the Red Cross, in the Foreign Relations Department, which traces the missing in various dead countries of Europe.
1974 Maclean's Oct. 29 Nobody could tell them about knitting, so when the wool and the instructions came from the Red Cross they just ignored the details.
2005 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 8 Jan. m2/1 Free skiing, boarding, tubing rentals and lessons with a donation to the Red Cross.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 1a), as red-cross ensign, red-cross flag, redcross knight, red-cross power, red-cross rank, red-cross shield, etc.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F4v The Redcrosse knight was slain with Paynim knife.
1631 P. Heylyn Hist. St. George ii. viii. 296 The Pilgrim in the Poet, thus prophecieth unto his Red-crosse Knight, as hee there calls him.
1777 T. Warton Poems 64 When Arthur rang'd his red-cross ranks On conscious Camlan's crimson'd banks.
1777 R. Colvill Atalanta i. 19 Her red cross shield, like Jove's dread ægis, blaz'd Terrific splendors.
1787 Berwick Museum 3 42/1 Many a steel-clad king, who..bore the radiant red cross shield.
1805 Poet. Reg. 77 And still, where-e'er your red cross flag unfurl'd, Strove to enlighten, humanize the world.
1811 W. Scott Don Roderick lvi. 50 Fast as they land the red-cross ranks unite.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke iii. 23 He..had fought under the red cross ensign against Frenchman, Don, Dutchman, and Moor.
1916 C. F. Smith Fighting Men 54 He sees his red-cross ensign float on all the winds that blow.
2001 H. Nicholson Love, War & Grail i. iv. 160 Here the red cross shield represents the power of Christ with Perceval.
C2. General attributive (in sense 3), as Red Cross Association, Red Cross hospital, Red Cross man, Red Cross Society, Red Cross work, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [adjective] > Red Cross
red cross1870
1870 Times 11 Aug. 8/1 These gentlemen [i.e. surgeons] will work under the Red Cross Society, and receive their instruction from the president at Berlin and at Paris.
1873 C. A. Gordon Lessons Hygiene Introd. Societies and individuals connected with the Red Cross Associations.
1876 W. E. Forster in T. W. Reid Life W. E. Forster (1888) II. iii. 124 The steamer was crowded with Russians, but many of them really Red Cross men, an ambulance from Kazan.
1878 Temple Bar 54 525 Women..who left their..homes to work almost day and night in the rough barracks of the Red Cross hospitals.
1914 W. Owen Let. 23 Sept. (1967) 284 There are already too many ladies offering to help with red cross work.
1938 J. Grenfell Let. 11 Apr. in Darling Ma (1989) 49 The lecturer was a Red Cross officer..who was most anxious that no one should be alarmed and assured us that ARP are really to eliminate panic.
1972 D. Barthelme Sadness 67 This morning a Red Cross lady with a squint gave me some very good coffee, however.
2007 Daily Tel. 12 Mar. 5/1 A third skier was found alive after a Red Cross patrol team stumbled across them by chance.

Derivatives

ˌred-ˈcrossed adj. marked with or symbolized by a red cross.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > cross > [adjective]
crossed1494
croised1586
white-crossed1632
red-crossed1635
cruciferous1656
crucigerous1658
crossleted1801
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. xiii. Epigr. 295 Tell me, my wishing soule, didst ever trie How fast the wings of Red-crost Faith can flie?
1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia xxii. 79 The pris'ners cloath'd with red-cross'd Sambitoes, Were at Validolid plac'd all in rowes.
1839 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici ix. x. 324 Such was the war-cry of our red-crossed knights.
1849 tr. F. H. K. de La Motte Fouqué Sir Elidoc 204 The white, red-crossed mantle of a Templar, shone before him.
1900 W. S. Churchill in Morning Post 17 Feb. 8/1 White-hooded, red-crossed ambulance waggons.
1935 ‘C. S. Forester’ Afr. Queen ii. 30 The Mediterranean squadron..with the red-crossed Admiral's flag in the van.
1962 J. B. Priestley Margin Released ii. iv. 113 The starched and red-crossed debs.
2006 D. R. Woodward Hell in Holy Land iv. 56 The Red Cross Unit with their dozens of white hooded red crossed wagons.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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