单词 | reductive |
释义 | reductiveadj.n. A. adj. 1. Scots Law. Relating to or concerned with the reduction (reduction n. 7) of a deed, decree, etc.; rescissory. Frequently as postmodifier. Now rare. †reduction reductive: reduction or annulment of a previous reduction (obsolete). ΚΠ 1547 in C. Innes Registrum Honoris de Morton (1853) II. 297 For the reductioun of the foirsaid decrete reductive gevin contrar him self. 1593 in Poems A. Montgomerie (1910) 316 Aganis þe summundis reductiwe, persewit be þe said mr williame erskyne aganis him. 1683 J. Dalrymple Decisions Lords of Council & Session I. 712 By the same Reason, Reductions might be taken away; because the Decreet Reductive might be Reduced, and that Decreet by another Reduction without end. 1766 Information for C. Inglis against R. Waddel 29 The defender humbly hopes, that your lordships will have no difficulty to assoilzie him from the reductive conclusions of the present action. a1786 W. Wallace Decisions Court Session 1772–4 (1792) 333 Bringing an action, containing a variety of conclusions reductive and declaratory, against the patrons of Cowan's hospital, the two Mess. Dundas, and others. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 834 An action of reduction reductive is an action in which a decree of reduction, which has been erroneously or improperly obtained, is sought to be reduced. 1897 Glasgow Herald 9 Dec. 4/4 Lord Young..thought there were no grounds for sustaining any of the conclusions, either declaratory or reductive, of the summons. 1929 Law Rep.: Appeal Cases 316 Such a finding alone..would found a good petitory action for repetition; but in any case it would be simplicity itself to add a reductive conclusion. 2007 Session Cases 161 Declaratory and reductive remedies may, in appropriate circumstances, be sought and obtained against them by reference solely to the Scotland Act. 2. a. Relating to, of the nature of, or tending to bring about reduction, transformation, diminution, etc. Also with of. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [adjective] > causing transitive1590 transient1601 reductive1633 catalysing1943 catalytic1945 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > producing or allowing decrease reductive1633 straiteninga1652 diminishing1665 diminutive1677 remissive1686 1633 H. Gellibrand in T. James Strange Voy. App. sig. R2 [The moon's] Reductive Scruples. 1651 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Dying iv. §6 Repentance..productive of fixed Resolutions of holy Living, and reductive of these to act. a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 156 So such kind of Reductive Questions become transient. 1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 295 The important question before us, under what circumstances it may be expedient to employ a palliative plan, and under what a cooling and reductive? 1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Nov. 6/3 The Imperial Government do not expect to be recouped one penny on the reductive move. 1956 Jrnl. Politics 18 128 The Steel Corporation's distaste for competition had a constrictive and reductive effect upon the development of the iron and steel industry of the South. 1995 N. Morris in N. Morris & D. J. Rothman Oxf. Hist. Prison viii. 257 That intermediate punishments have not been shown to be reductive of crime should come as no surprise. b. In Chemistry, Metallurgy, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > reducing reductive1684 reducing1741 reducent1822 1684 tr. S. Du Clos Observ. Mineral Waters France 16 Whether..by the means of Reductive Salts there might be drawn forth somewhat Metallic, or not. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 405/2 They can never be separated therefrom, without recourse to some reductive Salt. 1741 tr. J. A. Cramer Elements Art of assaying Metals 51 Artificers compose a great many Fluxes with the above-mentioned Salts and with the reductive ones. 1867 Sci. Amer. 27 July 52/3 By the admission of a surplus of gas..the flame can be made of a reductive character, and used accordingly for de-oxidation. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. ix. 626 Reductive organic sediments. 1993 Wine May (Champagne Suppl.) 33/3 (advt.) Following secondary fermentation the wine rests in a reductive state undergoing yeast autolysis in contact with the yeast residues and carbon dioxide. 2005 C. Mendelson Laundry i. iv. 75 A color remover is a reductive bleach. c. Relating to or of the nature of the interpretation or reanalysis of something in simpler or more basic terms (see reduction n. 16a); simplificatory; (in later use frequently depreciatively) reductionist, characterized by excessive simplification. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > simplifying, popularization > [adjective] reductive1901 simplicist1904 simplificatory1905 Disney1937 Disneyfied1947 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > empiricism > [adjective] > relating to reductionism or reductionists reductive1901 reductionist1931 reductionistic1941 reductivist1950 1901 Philos. Rev. 10 569 The author claims that the logical reductive procedure of transcendentalism has not the objective real value it purports to have. 1937 T. Parsons Struct. Social Action v. 181 He [sc. Pareto] is thus free at the outset at least from the ‘reductive’ tendencies so prominent in the older positivism. 1974 Times 19 Nov. 9/4 Mr. Wilson..is not a reductive writer: he wants to recreate Crowley, not to explain him away. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 June 29/4 Daly's overarching narrative is subtle, eschewing reductive simplicities in favour of the careful elucidation of historical sources and cultural context. d. Art. = minimal adj. 6a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > minimalist minimal1965 reductive1967 reductivist1967 1967 New Yorker 25 Feb. 99 To judge by art magazines and museum programs, nothing new has been done in the past few years but Happenings, optical displays, and so-called primary structures and reductive paintings. 1970 Britannica Bk. of Year 1969 798/3 Rejective art, a simplified and often depersonalized art (as painting or sculpture) based on the principle of the artist rejecting the various options open to him; called also reductive art, reductivism, rejectivism. 2004 Washington Times (Nexis) 9 Oct. b1 The largely misunderstood ‘minimal’, or ‘reductive’, arts movement of the 1960s..rejected traditional painting and sculpture as expressive materials. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adjective] > returning towards point of departure > that leads or brings back reductivea1635 the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > [adjective] repairinga1616 redintegral1651 restoring1818 reductive1823 redintegrative1845 reintegrative1923 a1635 R. Sibbes Light from Heaven (1638) 126 What ever we preach, it is reductive to Christ, that men may walke worthy of Christ. 1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. 25 The Zoroastrian Oracles mention reductive Angels, which reduce Souls to them, drawing them from several things. 1735 H. Brooke Universal Beauty iv. 6 Effects like Acts inevitable rise, (Preordinate in the Design Allwise) Yet still their earthly Origine retain, Reductive to the Principle terrene. 1787 Wishart's Theologia (new ed.) I. ix. 342 Reductive justice is that whereby God is just in these afflictions he sometimes brings on his elect, for reducing them from their evil ways, and bringing them home to himself. 1823 C. Lamb Old Benchers in Elia 208 Her prettiest blushing curtsy..reductive of juvenescent emotion! 4. That may be referred to or derived from something else. Cf. reductively adv. 1. Now rare (historical in later use). [The following example apparently shows post-classical Latin reductive , adverb (compare reductively adv.): 1624 ‘R. B.’ Answ. Mr Fisher's Relation Third Conf. 71 in F. White Repl. Fisher The Errors were Fundamentall, reductiue, by a Reducement, if they which embraced them, did pertinaciously adhere to them, hauing sufficient meanes to be better enformed. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective] > originated or derived > that may be derived reductive1655 derivablea1682 affiliable1862 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 7 Both Englands and his Majesties sufferings may in some sort be reductive to the causality of that match [sc. his marrying a Catholic]. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. iii. 197 The Church makes laws either by her declarative and direct power, or by a reductive and indirect power. 1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 705 His Commission is to make known the Gospel; to deliver that..which is not reductive to this, is besides his instructions. 1691 W. Nicholls Answer Naked Gospel 59 There is a guilt contracted from this reductive Heresy as well as from the other. 1999 tr. H. Grotius in O. O'Donovan & J. L. O'Donovan From Irenaeus to Grotius v. 799 There is a looser sense (what the scholastics like to call a ‘reductive’ sense) in which some things are said to be of natural Right because they are not inconsistent with it. 5. Psychology. Esp. in analytical psychology or psychotherapy: involving or characterized by the tracing of psychological traits to an origin in infancy. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > reduction > [adjective] reductive1915 reductionist1964 1915 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 12 691 First, according to the ‘reductive method’ of Freud, it is made out as symbolizing an infantile and sexual wish-fulfilment. 1950 J. A. Hadfield Psychol. & Mental Health xvi. 410 We style our method direct reductive analysis: it is reductive in that we analyse back to the deep-seated and predisposing causes as well as the more recent and precipitating causes. 1985 J. N. Isbister Freud Introd. 3 The nature of man requires a psychology and an anthropology which is far richer than Freud's reductive model. B. n. Something which has a reductive effect (in various senses of the adjective). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > one who or that which decreases anything shortener?1566 abater1583 abator1592 diminutive1596 reductivea1676 reducer1894 shrinker1921 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > reduction > [noun] > that which reduces reductivea1676 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. ix. 215 There needed no other Reductive of the Numbers of Men to an Equability, than the Wars that have happened in the World. 1689 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) xxxviii. 249 All sorts of Creatures whatever have their Reductives, and Corrections, else the Universe be over-stock'd. 1774 C. Bowlker Art of Angling 5 Some of the other chief destructives, and reductives, by which the numbers of those natatile animals are lessened, are these which follow. 1801 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 212 This opinion, that hydrogen is really the reductive, is the more extraordinary, as it is not founded on the single experiment above-mentioned. 1904 G. S. Hall Adolescence I. iv. 269 The critical faculties are often hardly able to supply reductives of extravagant impulses or of visions, etc. Derivatives reˈductiveness n. the quality of being reductive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > simplifying, popularization > [noun] simplification1751 popularization1797 popularizing1817 vulgarization1865 tabloidization1926 vulgarisation1939 haute vulgarisation1946 reductiveness1953 1953 Hudson Rev. 6 148 It is such a notion, I take it, that led Mr. Ellison back to the widely-ranging novel of the ninetee[n]th century,..as against the sparse reductiveness of the Hemingway school. 2005 New Yorker 13 June 129/1 I saw through all the pretenses of psychoanalysis—its sterile reductiveness, its hostility to unscripted experience. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1547 |
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