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单词 red
释义

redadj.n.adv.

Brit. /rɛd/, U.S. /rɛd/
Forms: early Old English ræde- (in compounds), early Old English rede- (in compounds), Old English readdest (superlative), Old English reade- (in compounds), Old English (rare)–early Middle English ræd, Old English–1500s read, Old English (rare)– red, late Old English hread- (in compounds), late Old English reæd, early Middle English ræde, early Middle English reað, Middle English rad, Middle English rade, Middle English ræden, Middle English reedde, Middle English reid, Middle English reyd, Middle English ride, Middle English rod, Middle English rode, Middle English ryd, Middle English ryde, Middle English–1500s rede, Middle English–1500s reed, Middle English–1500s reede, Middle English–1500s 1700s rid, Middle English–1600s reade, Middle English–1600s redd, Middle English–1600s redde, late Middle English sed (transmission error); English regional (chiefly northern) 1700s– reed, 1800s– reead, 1800s– rid; Scottish pre-1700 rade, pre-1700 raid, pre-1700 reade, pre-1700 redde, pre-1700 rede, pre-1700 reide, pre-1700 ride, pre-1700 ryid, pre-1700 1700s read, pre-1700 1700s– red, pre-1700 1700s– reed, pre-1700 1700s– reid, pre-1700 1700s– rid, pre-1700 1800s redd, pre-1700 1800s ried, pre-1700 2000s– ridd, 1700s 1900s– rud, 1800s rot (northern), 1900s– reyd, 1900s– rudd; also Irish English (chiefly northern) 1800s– reed, 1800s– rid, 1800s– rud.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian rād , Middle Dutch root , rood (Dutch rood ), Old Saxon rōd (Middle Low German rōt ), Old High German rōt (Middle High German rōt , German rot ), Old Icelandic rauðr , Norn (Shetland) ru , Old Swedish röðer (Swedish röd ), Old Danish røth (Danish rød ), Gothic rauþs < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin rūfus , Gaulish roud- (in names), Early Irish rúad (Irish rua ), Old Welsh rud (Welsh rhudd ) red, Lithuanian raudas reddish, reddish-brown; other ablaut grades of the same base are shown by (from the e -grade) reod adj., ancient Greek ἐρεύθειν to redden, and (from the zero grade) rud n.1, ruddy adj., classical Latin ruber , ancient Greek ἐρυθρός red, Old Polish rudy (Polish rudy ), Czech rudý , both in sense ‘(dark) red, reddish-brown, red-haired’, Lithuanian rudas brown, red, ruddy, Sanskrit rudhira red. Compare also rust n.1, ultimately showing a derivative formation from the same base.The modern standard form with short vowel reflects shortening of Middle English open ē (or its reflex) before /d/ in Middle English or early modern English. (In the comparative and superlative forms a short vowel would anyway have been found as a result of late Old English or early Middle English shortening before a double consonant.) The original long vowel is preserved in the surnames Read , Reade , Rede , Reed , and Reid , as well as in a number of the forms in modern regional varieties. In sense A. 1f attested slightly earlier in surnames: William Redtopping (1246–7), Adam Redhed (1256). Attested early in place names, with reference to the colour of rocks, soil, water, vegetation, etc., as Radecliue , Lancashire (1086; now Radcliffe), Radeclive , Buckinghamshire (1086; now Radclive), Redmelde , Leicestershire (1086; now Redmile), Redeford , Nottinghamshire (1086; now Radford), Ratreu , Devon (1086; now Rattery), Radelega , Berkshire (1176; now Radley), Redehelde , Surrey (1301; now Redhill), etc. The forms with a reflect early shortening. On use in sense A. 5d see discussion at redskin n.
A. adj.
1.
a. Designating the colour of blood, a ruby, a ripe tomato, etc., and appearing in various shades at the longer-wavelength end of the visible spectrum, next to orange and opposite to violet; of or having this colour.In early use also designating shades of purple, pink, and orange, which are now distinguished by these distinct colour terms. The term is now applied to shades that vary from bright scarlet or crimson to reddish yellow or brown (the latter esp. of the hair of certain animals: cf. sense A. 5b). Red light has a wavelength in the approx. range 625 to 740 nm. (cf. infra-red adj.).The numerous varieties of red are frequently distinguished by prefixed nouns or adjectives, as blood-, brick-, cherry-, fire-, flame-, flesh-, robin-, rose-red; dark, dull, light, lively red; fiery, foxy red; brown-, orange-, yellow-red; brownish, yellowish red, etc.: see the first element.Red often designates a thing in which the colour forms a natural or obvious mark of type or class, as red wine, red corpuscle, etc. Particular examples are given at separate senses and lemmas.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective]
redeOE
reodeOE
ruddya1398
reddy?c1400
purple1415
rougea1425
redly1486
gules1503
red-coloured1547
guly1592
blushing1597
angrya1616
rubric1623
minious1646
nacarinea1648
ruddle1649
rubriform1704
carbuncly?1730
blushful1804
envermeiled1822
ablush1852
flammulated1872
pyrrhous1890
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > orange-red
redeOE
fire-reda1382
flame-red1382
flammid1610
flammeous1656
orange-red1796
iron-red1798
pimento1921
pimiento1963
flame1970
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > red > having
redeOE
rousec1400
red-haired?a1513
sandy?1530
red-headed1548
amber-crowneda1586
redhead1664
sandy-pated1687
red-polled1787
sandy-haireda1817
brick-topped1858
Titian-haired1880
eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 22 Flauum uel fulfum, read.
eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 103/2 Ruber, read.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xv. 95 On ðæs sacerdes hrægle scoldon hangigan bellan & ongemang ðæm bellum reade apla.
OE Riddle 26 15 Nu þa gereno ond se reada telg ond þa wuldorgesteald wide mære dryhtfolca helm.
OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 143 Cerauniae, reade winberige.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) xxxii. 74 Ægðer ge hwite gimmas ge reade & ælces cynnes gimcyn.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 (MED) Þer bloweð inne blisse blostmen hwite & reade.
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 424 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 231 (MED) Þo cam þare fleo a luytel foul and brouȝte a gret bouȝ Fol of grapus swyþe rede.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2786 Tueye grete dragons out of þis stones come; Þe on was red, þe oþer wyt.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 129 Ȝit we writeþ capital lettres wiþ reed colour.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. ii. 12 (MED) Hir fyngres were fretted with golde wyre, And þere-on red [v.r. rede] rubyes, as red as any glede.
a1425 (a1349) R. Rolle Meditations on Passion (Uppsala) (1917) 44 (MED) More ȝit, swete Ihesu, þi bodi is like a boke wreten al wiþ reed Inke.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 93 A wand of colour reid and greyne.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiii The pockes apere vpon the skynne & are lyke reed pumples.
1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 366/1 Leues new..Some very red, and some a glad light grene.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. ii. 65 A kersey boot-hose..gartred with a red and blew list. View more context for this quotation
1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 172 A sort of trefoil, with..bright purple or red flowers.
1726 J. Thomson Winter 16 The red Marks Of Persecution's Scourge.
1794 W. Cowper Needless Alarm 19 Nor yet the hawthorn bore her berries red.
1830 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 3) I. 72 The former [sparks] are brilliant,..the latter usually of a paler or redder hue.
1858 J. F. W. Herschel Outl. Astron. (ed. 5) xvi. 622 Many of the red stars are variable.
1881 G. MacDonald Warlock o' Glenwarlock xxiv. 352 The red wall, mottled and clouded with its lichens.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel xii. 124 A star-shaped flower drawn in red ink.
1931 V. Woolf Waves 17 I do not want red petals of hollyhocks or geranium.
1971 Nature 12 Nov. 89/1 The red colour of Mars suggests the presence of ferric iron.
1980 D. K. Cameron Willie Gavin v. 46 Rowan tree and reid threid Keep the witches frae their speed.
2001 M. Hughes et al. World Food: India 158 Tandoori chicken is jointed and put into spicy red gravy.
b. Designating fire, a flame, lightning, etc., or an object or objects lit up by one of these. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
OE Cynewulf Crist II 809 Blac rasetteð recen reada leg, reþe scriþeð geond woruld wide.
OE Genesis A (1931) 44 Þæt witehus,..geondfolen fyre and færcyle, rece and reade lege.
c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 198 Heo þenne iseoð þas world sweliȝende, mid fure brastlende.., ant þone heahroder on reade liȝeum.
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 161 Fur is hot & read.
c1300 St. Margarete (Harl.) 214 in O. Cockayne Seinte Marherete (1866) 30 We gonne blowe & blaste & briȝt fur glowinge red out of þe vrþe caste.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 719 Þe castel lihteþ al abouten, And is raddore þen euere eny rose schal, Þat þuncheþ as hit barnde al.
?a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (St. John's Cambr. L. 1) (1894) iii. l. 1633 Also seur as reed is euery fire.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 428 Quhat euir he be reskewis off that kyn Fra the rede fyr, him selff sall pas tharin.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. xvi. 88 His hede apperit (as It war blesand) in ane rede low.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. K1 Two red fires in both their faces blazed. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 175 The Thunder, Wing'd with red Lightning. View more context for this quotation
1727 J. Thomson Summer 63 Th' unconquerable Lightning..Ragged, and fierce, or in red whirling Balls.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Cyclops in Posthumous Poems (1824) 345 He strewed Upon the ground, beside the red fire light, His couch.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xxviii The hills were red with bonfires in every village.
1936 E. Hamilton in Thrilling Wonder Stories Dec. 66/1 That red flame of anger and hate rose in my brain again as I spoke.
1989 K. Green Night Angel xxvii. 272 The grenade..mushroomed into red fire with a sound that split the air.
2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 430/2 As if it were dancing in the midst of red flames.
c. Designating the sky or sun, esp. at dawn or sunset. Hence also: designating dawn, the east, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [adjective] > colour
redOE
azure?a1513
the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [adjective] > colour of sun at dawn or sunset
redOE
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [adjective] > red (of sunrise or sunset)
redOE
rosy-fingered1590
rose-fingered1599
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xvi. 2 Serenum erit, rubicundum est enim caelum : smolt bið read is forðon heofon.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1117 On þære nihte..wæs seo heofon swyðe read gesewen, swylce hit bryne wære.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 72 (MED) In þat tyme þe sonne shal bene also rede as blode.
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 54 (MED) We trowen þat þis day schal be a reyny day for þat his morownyng was reed, or þat to morow schal be a fayre day for þat his euentide is reed.
a1500 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 287 (MED) Wherfor is þe sonne red to-fore mete? For he wot not yf he may goo abowte þe Fyrmament or nyȝt. Where-for is þe sonne rede att eue? For he goothe toward hell.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Rubesco Aurora rubescebat, the morning waxed redde.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iii. 60 O setting Sunne: As in thy red Rayes thou doest sinke to night; So in his red blood Cassius day is set. View more context for this quotation
a1627 A. Craig Pilgrime & Heremite (1631) sig. A And the red morning rose from the right airt.
1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 220 Hence at eve, Steam'd eager from the red horizon round [etc.].
1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 10 When red morn Made paler the pale moon.
1874 H. H. Jackson Saxe Holm's Stories 29 The morning twilight was just fading away; both the east and the west were clear and glorious; the east was red, and the west pale blue.
1949 ‘J. Macdonald’ Moving Target xvii. 119 Before we crossed the valley the red sun had plunged behind the clouds over the coastal range.
1980 M. Thelwell Harder they Come ii. 70 Through the slotted jalousies, rays of red sunset streamed.
2007 Sunday Times Trav. May 86/1 The lichened cathedral silhouetted..against the red sky.
d. Designating earth, clay, sand, etc. Cf. red land n.1Recorded earliest in red earth n. at Compounds 1e(e)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > other types of soil
redeOE
Armeniac?a1425
rosiny1613
Chiltern1669
light land1770
acid1806
residuary1829
mottled1845
sedentary1870
residual1876
azonal1896
Bulli1904
immature1921
mature1924
intrazonal1927
podzolic1927
pedalferic1928
pedocalic1928
solonetzic1935
planosolic1949
solodic1968
cryptogamic1973
cryptobiotic1992
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. lxiv. 290 Þu scealt hine [sc. se hwita stan] scafan on wæter..& þære readan eorþan dæl scafe þær to.
OE Glosses to Bella Parisiacae Urbis of Abbo of St. Germain (Harl. 3271) in W. H. Stevenson Early Scholastic Colloquies 111 Fateor probum buteonem, qui bidentat burra arua : ic andete godne geongan þe þe delf[ð] reade eorðan.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 17 (MED) Þere is also white cley and reed.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) Prol. 27 Bellona..dwellyth..In Lebye-lond vp-on the sondes rede.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 139 (MED) Þanne take reed sond and seth þe leye and þe sond well to-gedyr.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 95 It [sc. chestnut]..ioyeth in a shadowy and Northerly bancke: it hateth a stiffe and a redde clay grounde.
1599 J. Welsh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 131 We sounded and had 15 fadom water and grosse red sand.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia v. 169 The hardest kinde of it lies vnder the red ground.
1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility ii. 124 Vapours drawn up out of red earth aloft into the Air.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xi. 128 The men are bedawb'd all over with red Earth.
1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 53 The common opinion, that all hot grounds are red or brown..is..exploded by Columella.
1834 H. R. Schoolcraft Narr. Exped. Itasca Lake 299 Little mounds of red earth frequently appeared above the grass.
1878 A. K. Johnston Africa viii. 94 Hills of red sand formed from the weathering of a ferruginous sandstone.
1937 M. Covarrubias Island of Bali iv. 71 The ever present ricefield,..a patch of land filled with water held by dikes cut out of the red earth.
1992 E. Goudge Such Devoted Sisters ii. 243 She could see wisps of steam rising from the muddy red soil.
e. Of the cheeks, complexion, or lips: of a healthy reddish colour, rosy, ruddy. Hence also: (of a person) having a ruddy complexion. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective]
redOE
ruddya1300
red-faced1579
cherry-cheeked1586
rose-cheeked1593
red-cheeked1602
murrey1623
florid1650
sanguine1684
sanguine-complexioned1692
apple-faced1781
apple-cheeked1827
pippin-faced1836
lobsterish1914
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective] > of face
redOE
ruddyc1225
flush-coloured1748
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. vi. 187 Him wæs gecynde, þæt he symble wæs read [OE Otho reod] on his andwlitan.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 521 (MED) Wið se swiðe leufsume leores ha leien, se rudie ant se reade.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 295 Grickisch fur is imaked of read monnes blod... Þet is Iesu crist ireadet mid his achne blod on þe deore rode. & wes inread cundeliche. as me weneð.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 (MED) Heo [sc. the blessed] beoð so read so rose, so hwit so þe lilie.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 38 (MED) Heo haþ a mury mouht to mele wiþ lefly rede lippes lele.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Sir Thopas (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 14 Sire Thopas wax a doghty swayn..Hise lippes reed as Rose.
c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 161 (MED) I was reddere [v.r. raddur] in rode [v.r. radder of rode] þan rose in þe rayne.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 3956 (MED) Dede they faunde Gaynour the quene With Roddys feyre and Rede as chery.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 322/1 Redde as ones lyppes or their chekes,..vermeil.
1599 ‘T. Cutwode’ Caltha Poetarum sig. B4v So wags this wanton with a red complexion, When as the Sun darts to her his reflection.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 236 Two lippes indifferent redde . View more context for this quotation
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 39 Women with big black Eyes, and red Cheeks.
1728 J. Swift Phyllis in J. Swift et al. Misc. Prose & Verse (ed. 2) II. 133 She..practised how to place her Head And bit her Lips to make them red.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere i, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 7 The Bride hath pac'd into the Hall, Red as a rose is she.
1841 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 3) III. vi. 399 The Slavonian nations had red hair and a red complexion.
1862 W. Bagehot in National Rev. Jan. 218 Pope..had not the large red health that uncivilised women admire.
1946 Cosmopolitan Oct. 31 The white teeth showing between parted red lips were innocent of braces.
2004 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 22 June 43 Old Pop..was a chubby gnome of a bloke with red cheeks and nose and a Walt Disney cartoon smile.
f. Designating hair or a beard. Cf. red-haired adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > red
redc1275
auburn1591
Abraham?1592
sorrel1600
Abram1602
sandy-coloured1661
carrot1671
carrot-coloured1684
Judas colour1695
carroty1696
sandy1734
gingery1844
Titian1863
gingerous1864
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 830 (MED) Þe uox..Ne kan..hine so bi þenche..Þat he ne lost his rede uel.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 307v Of fleume comeþ white heer; of blood, rede.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 554 His beerd as any sowe or fox was reed.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 4769 (MED) Þe kyng of Perce Cam..Whos berd and her, reed as flawme of fire.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 635 (MED) A maiden..brought be-fore hir on hir sadell a dwerf..and his browes reade and rowe, and his berde reade and longe.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Addicion Aenobarbus,..a Roman, so callyd bycause he had a berde as red as brasse.
1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. E4 Hee inherited..a iolly long red peake,..[which] hee cherisht continually without cutting.
a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrrv/2 Thou art a proper man, if thy beard were redder.
1663 J. Wright tr. Martial in Sales Epigrammatum 28 Red hair, black mouth, badger legs, blind, I see.
1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Hart The Coats and Colours of this noble Beast..are usually of three several sorts, viz. Brown, Red and Fallow.
1806 G. Pinckard Notes W. Indies III. xxix. 360 The hair,..from being slightly tinged with yellow, assumes..that particular hue, which is, more commonly than correctly, termed red.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! I. iv. 125 A boat, rowed by one with a red beard.
1917 J. Conrad Shadow-line iv. 151 He was simply overtaxing his returning strength in a shaky attempt to clip off the thick growth of his red beard.
1978 A. Maupin Tales of City 113 His sad eyes and scraggly red whiskers reminded Mary Ann of some pitiful zoo animal on the verge of extinction.
2003 Newsweek 19 May 52/1 A gene called melanocortin-1..is also responsible for red hair and fair skin.
g. figurative. Designating rage, anger, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] > inflamed (of anger)
overboiling1594
gunpowdered1604
red1609
incensed1612
1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica x. 262 But his red wrath King Nestor did restraine.
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion iv. 25 My rage doth kindle as red against him as ever.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii. in Fables 45 There, the Red Anger dar'd the Pallid Fear.
1778 J. Langhorne Owen of Carron 27 Sudden he sees the fated Bower, and red Rage on his dark Brow glows.
1868 C. Heavysege Jezebel i. 130 My red wrath shall fall like yon bright bolt.
1892 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen ii. 34 God's red anger seize them.
1938 W. B. Yeats Herne's Egg iii. 28 The Great Herne himself And he in a red rage.
1987 N. Spinrad Little Heroes (1989) 90 No matter how red his fury, he wasn't loco enough to really piss off the big black doorman.
2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad xi. 78 Menelaus was now in a red rage, and so was his brother Agamemnon because of the slight to the family honour.
2.
a. Designating blood (chiefly poetic). Cf. red-blooded adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > [adjective] > red
redOE
purple1590
florid1638
red-blooded1794
laky1898
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xviii. 174 Biddende georne þone ælmihtigan wealdend þæt seo [read se] swiðra ne wurde æfre gewemmed ðurh readum blode romaniscre leode.
c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. B) l. 27 Mid his reade blode þet he ȝeat on rode. Þo þu we[re] ifreoed to farene into heouene.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 202 Swa he dude mid read [a1300 Caius reað] blod up o þe rode.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15179 Urnen þa brockes of reden blodes.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1124 (MED) Me slou þat al þe erþe aboute stod as in flode..al of rede blode.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 407 The rede blood Ran endelong the tree ther as she stood.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 2622 (MED) Of þat blessede virgyn..Þe redde blode..so fast ron.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aviv Thai brochit bloukis to thair sidis brist of rede blude.
1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. A.viii The red bloud may run downe in thy necke.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. K3 To Simois reedie bankes the red bloud ran. View more context for this quotation
1649 in T. Craig-Brown Hist. Selkirkshire (1886) I. 451 His kou gave reid blude in steid of milk.
a1755 Edom o' Gordon xix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 434/1 Clear, clear was hir yellow hair, Whereon the reid bluid dreips!
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel v. xxi. 145 I have..Seen through red blood the war-horse dashing.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick lxxxiv. 410 Instead of sparkling water, he now spouts red blood.
1913 J. Muir Story of my Boyhood iii. 114 Their enthusiastic appreciation of boys full of red blood, and of girls in full bloom.
1991 R. R. McCammon Boy's Life iii. vii. 301 Red blood spattered the Cadillac's hood.
†b. In extended use, with the implication of being of superior quality or stock. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. i. 7 Let vs make incyzion for your loue, To proue whose blood is reddest, his or mine. View more context for this quotation
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet II. xi. 255 His blood was too red to be spared when that sort of paint was in request.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxviii. 275 Inasmuch as very red blood of the superior quality, like inferior blood unlawfully shed, will cry aloud.
3.
a. Chiefly poetic. Of gold: pure, as shown by becoming red when heated. Now archaic.This use is also found in other Germanic languages.Some examples may refer to an alloy of copper and gold: see red-gold n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [adjective] > epithet of gold
redOE
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) iv. 209 He..þa grenan gyrda gebletsode, & hi wurdon to readum golde awende.
OE Genesis A (1931) 2406 Gesawon ofer since salo hlifian, reced ofer readum golde.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 Þet fotspure..wæs eall of read golde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11632 He sende..swiðe gode horsses, seoluer and ræd gold.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 47 (MED) In that tyme a man þat bore red gold up-on his bac..Ne funde he non that him misseyde.
c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 798 in PMLA (1931) 46 127 Selmin made þe charter as hengist wold. & seled it al wiþ red gold.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4763 Þof þai had siluer and gold red Þai moght noght find to bi þam bred.
a1475 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 183 (MED) Owre lorde offeryd whate he wollde, A challes alle off ryche rede golde.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 98 Sex thousand ȝeirlie..Into tribute of fynest gold so reid.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1742 We haue riches full rife, red gold fyn.
1616 George Lord Favkonbridge vi. 36 The more to aduance his deserued honours, the King bestowed vpon him twelue barrels of good red gold.
1684 E. Ravenscroft Dame Dobson v. ii. 53 Look you Dame, here was 9 pieces of red Gold for your Spirits, your Devils and your Hobgoblins.
1705 J. Webster Sacramental Serm. ix. 130 Hath not the Mediator's Red-Gold a joyful clink with it?
1771 H. J. Pye Poems 28 Of red gold shines the towre.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. I. 68 From the red gold keep thy finger.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 141 The men of Pharaoh's, beautiful with red And with red gold.
1892 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen i. 18 I am half mindful to go pray to him To cover all this table with red gold.
1910 J. M. Synge Deirdre of Sorrows iii. 76 There will be weazels and wild cats crying on a lonely wall where there were queens and armies and red gold.
1997 T. Hughes Tales from Ovid 138 Among those leaves Hang apples of red gold. I picked three.
b. Of a coin, item of jewellery, etc.: golden; made of gold. Now rare (slang in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [adjective] > epithet of gold > made of gold
redOE
gildenOE
goldc1230
goldenc1300
goldedc1384
giltenc1450
OE Soul & Body II (1936) 54 Ne magon þe nu heonan adon hyrste þa readan, ne gold ne sylfor ne þinra goda nan, ac her sculon abidan ban bireafod.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. 501 (MED) Now is routhe to rede how þe red noble Is reuerenced or þe Rode.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiii. 463 Sevin hundreth paris of spuris rede War tane of knychtis that war dede.
a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover v. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. D3/1 There's a red rogue to buy thee handkerchers.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 325 It's a red half-guinea to him every time he mounts his mare.
1879 Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 502/2 I touched for a red toy (gold watch) and red tackle (gold chain).
1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago 61 Sich a nice watch,—a red 'un an' all.
1905 Hackney & Kingsland Gaz. 15 Sept. 3/7 He said ‘Here comes a German with a red lot (gold chain, etc.). If you have heart, pull it.’
4. Of fabric, an item of clothing, etc.: of a red colour; dyed with red.See also red flag n., redshirt n., red hat n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > [adjective] > made red > by dye, stain, or pigment
redOE
purpureda1382
in grainc1386
purpledc1450
engored1602
encrimsoned1609
vermeiled1616
raddled1656
ruddled1691
vermilioned1725
incrimsoned1831
incarmined1863
carmined1893
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 209 Þeah we us scyrpen mid þam readdestan godewebbe & gefrætewigen mid ðam biorhtestan golde,..hwæðere he sceal in nearonesse ende gebidan.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv.144 Hi..eft hine unscryddon þam readan wæfelse.
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) x. 54 Genim þas wyrte & gewrið mid anum readum þræde onbutan þæs monnes swyran.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 2528 Leie a-dun..þinne rede sceld.
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 92 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 302 (MED) Weouedes huy founden þreo, With rede palles huy weren i-heoled.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxiii. 2 Why thanne red is thi clothing?
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2036 Vpon þat ryol red cloþe þat ryche watz to schewe.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 700 Than were they ware in the wynde where cam a ryche vessell heled over with rode sylke.
a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 2399 (MED) Redde sadull, shyld, & spere, Redde was all his oþur geyre.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 633 The Erle of Warwike, whose seruitures were apparailed in red Cotes.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 177 A valiant Gentleman, marked by a red cap he wore.
1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 37 All that wear Red Ribbons in their Hats.
1727 A. Pope Macer 4 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. 'Twas all th' Ambition his great Soul could feel To wear red Stockings.
1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 75 Then over all..His long red cloak..He manfully did throw.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) v. 50 The long ends of his loose red neckcloth were streaming out behind him quite as often as before.
1895 ‘F. Anstey’ Lyre & Lancet i. 7 A..revolutionary poet..in a flannel shirt and no tie—or else a red one.
1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iv. i. 216 Marie wore a short red skirt of stoutly woven cloth.
1945 T. Raddall Tambour & Other Stories 373 He had a pair of stout brown sea boots under their wide bottoms, and a sailor's red shirt tucked in the top.
1956 S. H. Bell Erin's Orange Lily i. 22 We slapped a coat o' green whitewash on his rid jacket.
2001 Vogue Oct. 346/1 Stella Tennant, actual fashion model, strolls along the riverbank in a red gown that itself defies parody.
5.
a. Of a person: having hair of an auburn or ginger colour. Also in personal nicknames (now chiefly historical). Now rare.Some examples may refer to persons of a ruddy complexion (cf. sense A. 1e).
ΚΠ
OE Charter: Bp. Eadsige to St. Augustine's, Canterbury (Sawyer 1400) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 204 Nu is ðises to gewitnesse..Eadwine þæs arcebiscop broðor & Ælfwine se reada & Godric æt Burnan.
a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 133 (MED) Ne ches þu neuere to fere littele mon, ne long, ne red.
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 686 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 319 (MED) Ho-so hath of fuyre mest, he is smal and red, Oþur he is blac with cripse here.
?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) 920 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 308 (MED) After his endyng Reignede Willam the rede kyng.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 3491 (MED) He þat was rugh was rede wit-al, Esau þai did him call.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 103 He..beqwathe þe kyngdam of Ynglond to his son, clepid William Rede..William þe Rede was crowned in þe ȝere of oure Lord mlxxxvi.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 229 (MED) Tho that bene rede men bene Parceuynge and trechurus.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Rufus, somewhat redde; one that hath a redde head.
1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 189 Richard Bourk Earle of Vlster (commonly called the Redde-Earle).
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 232 In all regions, the children are born fair, or at least red.
1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. iv. 322 From Red De Clare, stout Gloster's Earl.
1849 Fraser's Mag. 39 490 Laudations of such persons as Hugh O'Neill and the Red O'Donnell and others.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. i. [Telemachus] 22 You know that red Carlisle girl, Lily?
1991 R. Thompson 1952 Vincent Black Lightning in Songbk. (2010) II. 5 Says James to Red Molly..‘Red hair and black leather, my favourite colour scheme.’
1998 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 21 Apr. (Sport section) 3 Hauling his burly frame all over the pitch and prompting teenagers..to ask: ‘Hey, red lad, how'd you get so big?’
b. Of an animal: having red or reddish hair; tawny, chestnut, bay.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > of parts of > having coat of specific kind > defined by colour
redOE
sorrel1469
roan1530
red roan1674
OE Prognostics (Tiber.) in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1916) 134 284 Gif him þince, þæt he on readum [lOE Hatton redum] horse ride, þæt biþ his goda wanung.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 520 (MED) He sette him on stede, Red so any glede.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xix. 2 Comaunde..þat þei bryngyn forþ areed cow.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 913 A staloun asse..al blaak Or moushered or reed.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 359 (MED) Somme of theim causenge redde swyne thro wycchecrafte, [etc.].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Zech. vi. 2 In the first charet were reade horse, in the seconde charet were blacke horse.
1591 Edinb. Test. XXIII. f. 214v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Red(e Ane auld broun meir..ane reid meir.
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 6 The wooll of a red Heyfer makes a good body.
1705 J. Beaumont Hist. Treat. Spirits iii. 71 Then appear'd another also a Red, or Sandy spotted Dog, with Legs not so long as a Tiger.
1787 T. Hale Farmer’s Assistant i. iii. 37 The red Cows milk has long been famous;..but the breed is the thing of consequence, not the colour.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! vii The red cattle lowed to each other.
1892 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 78 The red mare played with the snaffle-bars.
1931 J. Lucas Hunt & Working Terriers xxiii. 189 Mr. Nichols..was breeding a small red dog which he called the Norwich terrier.
1971 R. G. Montgomery Big Red ix. 119 But he did not reckon with the agility of the red stallion, who was nimble in spite of his weight and thick legs.
2001 Nation (N.Y.) 24 Dec. 15/2 Young Jewish students..study how to slaughter a red heifer.
c. Of a person: having (or regarded as having) a reddish skin colour.
ΚΠ
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. ii. 21 Hee maketh some folkes whyte, some blacke, some read, and some Tawny [Fr. de blancs, de noirs, de roux, d'oliuastres]; and yet is hee but one selfesame Sunne.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 40 This worlds Sunne doth effects beget..Makes the More black, & th'European white, Th'American tawnie, and th'East Indian red.
1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 12 Some are..between a deep Yellow, Red, and Black, as the Mauritanians.
1889 I. Taylor Origin Aryans iv. 198 The half-castes between Europeans and Maoris are unmistakeably red without any tendency to yellow.
1995 R. M. Glasse in A. Biersack Papuan Borderlands 70 The red boy played an important role in earth magic, and finding the right lad was a complicated matter...His mother, too, had to be red-skinned.
d. spec. Of or relating to North American Indians. Cf. Red Indian n., red man n., redskin n. Now offensive.Cf. also etymological note at redling n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Amerindian > [adjective]
Indian1590
American1611
red1725
American Indian1771
North American Indian1845
red-skinned1869
Amerind1899
Amerindian1899
pan-Indian1921
1725 G. Chicken Jrnl. 29 Oct. in N. D. Mereness Trav. Amer. Col. (1916) 169 They desire always to be at peace wth the White people and desire to have their own way and to take revenge of the red people.
1765 in S. P. Hildreth Pioneer History (1848) 79 We, red people, are a very jealous people.
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) ii. 122 I was obliged to convince my red brethren that, if I protected them, I would not suffer them to plunder my men with impunity.
1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 8 In the evening the red warriors entertained their white friends with dances and songs.
1934 F. F. Van de Water Glory-hunter ii. v. 184 A wave of red horsemen bore down upon the tents.
1968 ‘W. Henry’ Maheo's Children i. 2 It was..an intelligence post from which the defiant red warriors might safely plan and launch their bloody raids on the settlers' homes.
1984 P. Matthiessen Indian Country vii. 210 She was..a founder of AIM's sister organization, Women of All Red Nations (WARN).
2007 D. Mayers Dissenting Voices i. iv. 84 Genuine concord could mark relations between white and red peoples.
e. Caribbean (chiefly derogatory). Of a black person: having light skin; of mixed race.
ΚΠ
1942 L. Bennett Jamaican Dial. Verses 10 Wat a red kin 'oman mean!
1960 in F. G. Cassidy & R. B. Le Page Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1967) 378/2 Red niega..having very light skin.
1976 T. McCartney Bahamian Sexuality 19 The High Yellow Bahamian is sometimes classified as ‘red’.
1986 O. Senior Summer Lightning & Other Stories i. 101 Is pure Coromantee nigger live over there like that bwoy Zackie that did tief Mass Curly goat yu no see how the lot of them redibo and have puss eye?
1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 163 ‘He is red’ in Trinidad means that a man is either part Chinese or part Portuguese.
6.
a. Of the eyes: naturally of a red colour. Now usually: bloodshot; (of the eyes or eyelids) inflamed, esp. with weeping.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > other characteristics
hoteOE
redeOE
foulOE
elvishc1386
dryc1400
whitec1450
Naples1507
shaking1528
cold1569
exquisite1583
unpure1583
waterish1583
wandering1585
legitimate1615
sulphureous1625
tetrous1637
cagastrical1662
medical1676
ambulatory1684
ebullient1684
frantic1709
animated1721
progressive1736
cagastric1753
vegetative1803
left-handed1804
specific1804
subacute1811
animate1816
gregarious1822
vernal1822
ambilateral1824
subchronic1831
regressive1845
nummular1866
postoperative1872
ambulant1873
non-surgical1888
progredient1891
spodogenous1897
spodogenic19..
non-invasive1932
early-onset1951
adult-onset1957
non-specific1964
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [adjective] > conjunctivitis or ophthalmitis
redeOE
chemosed1826
ophthalmic1834
ophthalmitic1857
ophthalmious1859
pharyngoconjunctival1955
xerophthalmic1961
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] > types of eyes by colour
redeOE
grey?a1300
eOE Prose Charm: Against Elf-Sickness (Royal 12 D.xvii) in G. Storms Anglo-Saxon Magic (1948) 224 Gif him biþ ælfsogoða, him beoþ þa eagan geolwe þær hi reade beon sceoldon.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 304 (MED) Runisch-ly his rede yȝen he reled aboute.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2037 The nobleste..carieden the beere With..eyen rede and weete.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 110 (MED) For hem þat may not well see or hawyn rede eyne.
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 103 (MED) Eyen as rede as fire, it shewith a bad man.
?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. H.vv To haue his mouth open with reed eyes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 116 Poore soule, his eyes are red as fire with weeping. View more context for this quotation
1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. 313 In the beginning the Eyes look red.
1729 R. Savage Wanderer 11 Death in her Hand, and Frenzy in her Eye! Her Eye all red, and sunk!
1788 W. Cowper Death Mrs. Throckmorton's Bulfinch i Ye Nymphs if e'er your eyes were red With tears.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VIII cxix. 170 Their blood-shot eyes, all red with strife.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xx Amyas was pacing the deck,..his eyes red with rage and weeping.
1925 W. Cather Professor's House i. vii. 84 When she came back, the rims of her eyes were red.
1981 D. M. Thomas White Hotel ii. 41 Her eyes were red, and the young man asked her what was the matter.
2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures I. 60/2 A black dog with blazing red eyes came toward him in the shallow water.
b. Of the skin (esp. of a particular part of the body): inflamed, blistered, sunburnt, etc. Also of a rash, wound, etc. Cf. sense A. 13.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > other diseases or conditions
redeOE
impetiginous1650
discrete1684
skin-bound1784
rupial1834
erythematous1842
rupitic1863
sprayed1869
copaibal1874
papulosquamous1877
keloidal1888
papuloerythematous1899
pyodermic1899
toxidermic1899
maculopapular1902
cheloidal1908
pitting1926
poikilodermatous1936
erythemal1940
porokeratotic1943
Sézary1953
rhabditic1964
erythematic-
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxv. 82 Gif þa omihtan wannan þing oþþe þa readan syn utan cumen of wundum oþþe of sniþingum oððe of slegum sona þu þa þing lacna mid scearpinge & onlegena beres.
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xix. 202 Þonne sio wund geborsten biþ þonne bið þurh þa wambe se utryne swilce blodig wæter & biþ his neb read & aswollen.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xiii. 19 In þe place of þe bogge apereþ afel wounde, whyte or derk reed.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 63 (MED) But if it be so þat þe place aborne or icche or wexe reed, þanne ley þerto þe white Emplastre.
1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Ioyfull Newes i. f. 31 The whiche beyng applyed in the thynges, that is conuenient for Medicine, is doeth meruellous effectes: chiefly beyng grounde, and dissolued with Wine, and putte in the Night to thiem, that hath their face redde inflame, that bee like to Lepores.
1663 R. Bayfield Τῆς Ἰατρικῆς Κάρτος cxxvii. 187 But if it be red and swoln it cannot be cut, scarified, or burnt without danger.
1747 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 3) V. ii. 304 In burning Fevers, with a full quick Pulse, red Skin, and a large and quick respiration, I have oftener than once given present Relief, by opening a Window.
1808 R. Willan On Cutaneous Dis. p. xi Rash (Exanthema), consists of red patches on the skin, variously figured, in general confluent, and diffused irregularly over the skin.
1874 W. H. Van Buren & E. L. Keyes Pract. Treat. Surg. Dis. Genito-urinary Organs 67 Copaibal Erythema consists in the appearance..of small red blotches..causing a tingling, hot, itchy, sensation.
1939 E. Bowen Coll. Stories (1980) 540 We sunbathed a bit, but we somehow only burned red.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 381/2 The skin became red, swollen, stiff and pruritic and he had difficulty ‘making a fist’.
1999 G. Ndlovu in Y. Vera Opening Spaces 153 I noticed her red sunburnt shoulders.
2001 AXM Aug. 72/3 (advt.) Sweat rash, or heat rash as it's often known, is really common. It appears as a red, inflamed, itchy rash in areas where skin rubs together.
7. Of wine: reddish to purple in colour; made by fermenting the skins and the juice of the grapes together. See also red wine n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [adjective] > other types of wine
redeOE
claretc1440
bastard?1530
helvine1601
Pramnian1601
Maronean1623
rancio1800
green seal1823
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. 196 Þam þu scealt sellan clæne & hluttor win & read swiðe gehæt.
c1330 Horn Child 336 in J. Hall King Horn (1901) 183 (MED) Wine to drink wite & rede, Boþe of coppe & horn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4678 Depe selers..He fild wit wines, quite and red.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xx. 108 And if you shall vse little bagges, it is best, before you apply them, to boyle them in wine that is red and restrictiue.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 143 The white and red Muskedine, one of the most famous Wines in Italy.
1736 S.-Carolina Gaz. 2 Oct. He has also arrack, red Lisbon wine in bottles, & variety of other goods lately imported.
1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxxiv. 351 That kind of red burgundy which the French call petit Burgogne.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table v. 138 Indefinite quantities of black tea to kill any extra glass of red claret he may have swallowed.
1863 C. E. Francatelli Cook's Guide 461 Badminton cup. Ingredients:—One bottle of red Burgundy, one quart of German Seltzer-water, the rind of one orange, [etc.].
1924 H. W. Allen Wines of France ii. 75 The king of the vines from which red Bordeaux is derived is the cabernet-sauvignon.
1991 O. Clarke Webster's Wine Guide 1992 144/1 They mix white Ruländer (the Pinot Gris or Tokay of Alsace) with red Pinot Noir.
8.
a. Stained with blood; covered with (also †mid, †of, †to) blood, gore, etc. Also in extended use.In quot. 1881: that causes blood to be shed (cf. red-hand n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > [adjective] > stained > stained or smeared with blood
redOE
bloodyOE
drearyOE
weta1300
bloodedc1300
bleedingc1305
forbled1387
gory?a1500
cruent1524
purpled1561
brued1563
beweltered1565
bloodied1566
beblubbered1582
purple1590
bloodstained1594
ensanguined1628
blood-bedabbled1629
cruentous1648
cruentate1661
begored1683
sanguined1700
bluggy1876
OE Crist III 1101 Þæs he [sc. Christ] eftlean wile þurh eorneste ealles genomian [read gemonian], ðonne sio reade rod ofer ealle swegle scineð on þære sunnan gyld.
OE Hymns (Julius A.vi) cix. 5 in H. Gneuss Hymnar u. Hymnen im englischen Mittelalter (1968) 396 Ditantur [martyres] bene fulgidis laureis, facti rubri fluido sanguine : hi synt gewelegode wel mid scinendum lawerbeamum gewordene reade mid flowendum blode.
a1325 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 1 (MED) Loke man to iesu crist..and hi-þicȝ [read hi-þincg] his nakede bodi, red hi-maked mid blode.
1372 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 92 (MED) Mi bodi is as red as ro, Þornes prikken myn hed fol sore.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20075 (MED) Mi fete, mi hend, o blod er red.
c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 1630 Prophetes..so many did he dede, Þat stretes of Jerusalem with thaire blode made he rede [L. purpuravit].
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 364 The gres woux off the blud all rede.
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 449 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 72 Thys be he that on Caluery was mad red.
a1560 Arundel MS 243/146 O Lord..quhat that euer I behald, that it appeir to me maid reid with thy blude.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 110 Wauing our red Weapons o're our heads, Let's all cry Peace, Freedome, and Liberty. View more context for this quotation
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 363 Wherefore then, O Saviour, art thou thus suited in crimson, & dyed red with blood?
a1771 T. Gray Imit. Propertius in Wks. (1814) II. 87 Sad Philippi, red with Roman gore.
1796 W. Scott William & Helen 211 The scourge is red, the spur drops blood.
1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III xxviii. 17 Rider and horse,—friend, foe,—in one red burial blent.
1881 G. MacDonald Warlock o' Glenwarlock xxv. 364 It cam o' bluid-guiltiness—for they said he had liftit the reid han' agen his neebor.
1894 G. Meredith Lord Ormont xxv The dull red facts [of the duel] had to be disengaged from his manner of speech.
1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood xx. 346 He has given shelter to one whose hands were red with the blood of the saints.
2003 G. Soto Afterlife 6 Blood seeped and flowed to the right corner of the rest-room. The floor was red, sticky.
b. Consisting of blood. Chiefly in metaphors drawn from the falling or flowing of water. See also red rain n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i).
ΚΠ
a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 69 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 129 Þe friste dai for soþe sal comen a red dew.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 170 (MED) Kyllyth knaue chylderyn and castyth hem in clay..doth rowncys rennyn with rakynge raftys tyl rybbys be to-rent with a reed ray.
1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket ii. 58 Murder vsurpes the second roome; a red Water, that robbes man of his life.
1854 G. Massey Poems & Ballads (N. Y. ed.) 136 His Hungary billows o'er with graves Of Martyrs not in vain: See what a ripening harvest waves Its fruit of that red rain!
1927 O. Skinner Mad Folk of Theatre viii. 237 The noble blood of the great Lord Halifax had been strained through too many generations of common stuff. But what the red stream had lost in conventionality and aristocratic tastes it had gained in fervor, imagination, creative power.
1955 J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King v. vi. 125 Red fell the dew in Rammas Echor.
2007 P. C. Cast & K. Cast Marked 258 I could see that there was a red stream coming from his ear, too.
c. Of meat, flesh, etc.: red or dark in colour; filled with blood; (in later use) esp. that is red when raw (cf. red meat n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [adjective] > relating to meat > red
red1792
a1450 in R. H. Bowers Three Middle Eng. Relig. Poems (1963) 32 (MED) The fawconere..when his hawke fro hym dos flee, Schews to the hawke rede flesche to see.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest iii. f. 101v The fishe it selfe [sc. salmon] is big and fat. His meate or flesh is red: in tast verie sweete.
?1760 M. Bradley Brit. Housewife May ii. x. 438 A Pound of the Flesh of a fine Fowl or Capon carefully picked from the Bone; the white and red Meat minced together.
1792 G. Colman Surrender of Calais i. 12 Here's meat, neighbours; fine raw red meat, to..make your mouths water.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iii. 109 The cow-calf is whiter veal: but the bull-calf, although redder is better meat.
1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) i. 10 A mass of red flesh, sheathed in connective tissue.
1895 T. Hardy Jude i. x. 75 We shall lose a shilling a score if the meat is red and bloody!
1944 Fortune Mar. 144/3 The diner-out, resignedly facing another meal of chicken or fish, often thinks of the postwar world strictly in terms of good red meat.
1997 J. Steingarten Man who ate Everything (1998) ii. 111 I allowed myself eggs and dairy products but no fish or shellfish, no chicken or other feathered things, no meat either red or pink.
9. Involving or characterized by bloodshed, burning, or violence. Also in extended use.
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?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 213 Ruben primo genitus Meus ne crescas. Ruben þu reade þocht þublodi delit newaxe þuneauer.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1142 (MED) Nennyn..nom þat suerd to him..it was rede deþ icluped.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1111 Why sholde I nat as wel eek telle yow al The purtreyture þt was vp on the wal With inne the temple of myghty Mars the rede.
a1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Tanner 346) (1878) l. 1 Thou ferse god of armes Mars the rede..my songe contynnew and gye.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 155 We sall all defy hir..on reid weir we sall cry hir.
a1607 H. Chettle Trag. Hoffman (1631) sig. C4 Till red reuenge in robes of fire, and madding mischiefe runne and raue.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 174 What if..from above Should intermitted vengeance Arme again His red right hand to plague us? View more context for this quotation
1729 R. Savage Wanderer iv. 90 Red Massacres thro' their Republic fly.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 278 Justice..Drops the red vengeance from his willing hand.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xxxviii. 27 Red Battle stamps his foot, and nations feel the shock.
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. xvii. 209 You have heard the stories of the mountain men in all their red exaggeration.
1915 I. S. Cobb Paths of Glory xvi. 408 When his comrade fell at his side, struck down by an unseen, skulking foe,..he saw red and he did red deeds.
1992 T. Enright tr. S. O'Crohan Day in our Life (1993) 64 That wound has been reopened now and red war is on.
10. Heated to the point of glowing; red-hot. Also: designating heat of this kind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > very > glowing
glowingc1000
red?c1225
gledyc1385
ignite1575
candent1585
walming1601
calescent1804
candescent1824
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > [adjective] > made red > by heat
red?c1225
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 262 Ne kimeð nan into parays bute þurch þis leitinde sweord þe wes hat & read.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 307 (MED) Þat iren schal be maad hoot til it bicome reed.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. 2324 In briht coles rede His hande he brente for loue of his cite.
c1480 (a1400) St. Christopher 550 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 356 Þane gert þe kinge ane helme tak, & in þe fyre It red al mak.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 151 Thay wer full strenge of countenance Lyk turkas birnand reid.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiii. 12 To haue a thousand with red burning spits come hiszing in vpon them. View more context for this quotation
1684 J. P. von Valcaren Relation Siege Vienna 108 Bellows for Red Bullets.
1741 tr. J. A. Cramer Elements Art of assaying Metals 20 Filings of Iron..being presently made red in the Crucible.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 289 A waking dream of houses, towers…expressed In the red cinders.
1849 H. Melville Redburn xlviii. 309 Immediately after the burial, an iron pot of red coals was placed in the bunk.
1868 F. H. Joynson Metals in Constr. 117 Scales that fall from the red iron hammered at the blacksmith's anvil.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 767/2 He raised iron wire to a red heat in contact with alumina.
1941 N. M. Gunn Silver Darlings ii. 37 Covering the red embers with grey ash so that they would be alive in the morning.
2001 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 25 June a3/2 One of the Philippines' most active volcanoes erupted..in fountains of bright red lava and towering clouds of ash.
11. Of the face: temporarily suffused with blood, usually as the result of or with some sudden feeling or emotion (now esp. embarrassment), high in colour. Also: (of a person) flushed or blushing in the face. Also used allusively (esp. in red faces) to suggest a general sense of embarrassment.In quot. 1820 in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > [adjective] > red with emotion
redc1275
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective] > with blushing
ruddyc1225
redc1275
flecked1544
rosy1593
scarlet1597
flush1619
flushed1690
mantling1690
overflushed1712
erubescent1736
aflush?1850
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [adjective] > looking angry > of the face: flushed with anger
red1614
in a flame1790
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 14770 For þan ilke dede heo habbeoð neb rede.
c1330 Sir Degare (Auch.) 660 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 307 (MED) Here visage wex ase red ase blod.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 882 (MED) He..stared..a-stoneyd..and eft red as rose.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) G. §4. l. 1095 Ffor shame of hym my chekes wexen rede.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Corpus Cambr. 61) (1894) i. l. 867 He was hit and wax al reed for shame.
c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 38 His visage wexith reed.., and the teeres fallen in his eyene whan thou blamyst him.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 229 Tho that have the chekys al reede, as thay were dronken.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Bv She red, and hot, as coles of glowing fier, He red for shame. View more context for this quotation
1614 T. Lodge tr. J. Lipsius Life Seneca ix, in tr. Seneca Wks. sig. d5v This Prince waxed mad red with anger.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 54 Addresse your selfe to entertaine them sprightly, And let's be red with mirth. View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Milton Psalm VI in Poems (new ed.) 138 Mine enemies shall..then grow red with shame.
1789 S. T. Coleridge Nose in Poems 9 Burn madly, Fire! o'er earth in ravage run, Then blush for shame more red by fiercer—outdone!
1820 L. Hunt Indicator 12 Jan. 8 Millions of times did the sense of the impotence of his wish run up in red hurry to his cheeks.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! I. iii. 33 The churchwardens..bustled themselves hot, and red, and frantic.
1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. xiv. 195 Tom's face was as red with delight, as his sister's had been with anger.
1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song iv. 254 At the gate of the close, as he banged it behind him, Ewan stooped to sort up his garters, red in the face, not looking at her still.
1977 Listener 30 June 865/1 The celebrated Samuel Palmer fakes..have left so many red faces in the world of fine art.
1981 L. Deighton XPD iii. 13 There was secret material..[that] would have caused a few red faces here in Whitehall.
2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 94 Her face became bright red with pleasure.
12. Dressed in red; (in early use) spec. wearing red armour. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing specific coloured clothing
whiteOE
blackc1300
reda1325
yellowa1350
purpureda1382
saffron-mantled1558
saffron robed1558
blue1600
scarleta1616
candidate1616
black-robed1673
swart1688
empurpled1766
blue-clad1767
black-clothed1800
sabled1804
blue-bloused1837
porporate1868
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [adjective] > clad in or protected by armour > wearing red armour
reda1325
a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Arun.) (1857) 153 (MED) Veyet sy vent devaunt vus Un beu chivaler rous [glossed] a reed knyt.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 11927 (MED) Hii made a wit legat in þis cope of wit Aȝe þe oþer rede, as him in despit.
c1400 Femina (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 26 (MED) Here comeþ a fore ȝow A knyȝth al red.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 321 Than the Rede Knyght of the Rede Laundis armed hym hastely..and all was blood-rede: his armour, spere, and shylde.
a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 4114 To day the rede knyght best haþe ben.
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. vii. 15 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Fowkes de Warren came thither all in red.., whereof he was called the red knight.
1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. ii. v. 28 There are your Knights and Baron Knights, and Knights of the Post; and then there are your blue Knights, and your red Knights, and your green Knights.
1841 W. M. Thackeray Chron. Drum ii, in 2nd Funeral Napoleon & Chron. Drum 109 He had fought the red English, he said, In many a battle of Spain.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xvii. 159 He supposed it was some of the red soldiers coming from Fort William into Appin.
2005 J. Chapman Past & Present ix. 214 From the Zulus' perspective the ‘red soldiers’ are the racial ‘other’.
13. In the names of diseases or conditions: characterized by a bloody or reddish discharge, by erythematous lesions of the skin, or by reddish discoloration of a body part. Now rare.
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1417 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 318 (MED) De quibus [sc. lambs] in morina lxij, in quodam morbo voc. le redeyll.
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 1083 (MED) Of the reed flyx the gret owtrage Sodeynly dede Austyn so sore oppresse, That to deyin he trowyd of that seeknesse.
1579 Hill's Profitable Art Gardening (new ed.) ii. xxvi. 84 To heale a redde leaprie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 366 The red-plague rid you For learning me your language. View more context for this quotation
1664 Meth. Chem. Philos. & Physick 242 These are the signs of the red Lepry.
1764 tr. T. de Bordeu Inq. Varieties Pulse 378 She had an habitual white flux, which encreased at the time that the red flux was expected.
1826 London Mag. Sept. 74 'Twixt Rheumatism and Red Fever, Sat one who'd been a gay deceiver; His nose by full one-half diminished.
1831 W. Youatt Horse xi. 201 (caption) It assumes a pustular and scabby form in the red mange.
1878 Times 26 Dec. 5/4 ‘Soldier disease or red disease’ are names given to any affection in swine accompanied by general or patchy redness of the skin.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 7 Aug. 5/1 33,000 cases of red measles have been reported so far this year.
1987 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 10 Oct. (Weekend Suppl.) 5/2 The ‘red plague’, incidentally, was not communism but early Queensland's equivalent to AIDS—syphilis.
2006 Microbial Pathogenesis 41 226/1 E[dwardsiella] tarda..was first reported as a pathogen associated with the so-called ‘red disease’ of the Japanese eel.
14. Early Music. Of a note in musical notation: written in red rather than black, typically signifying a proportional reduction (esp. in the ratio 3:2) in the time value of a note as compared with a black note of equivalent form. Also: designating notation featuring such notes. Cf. black adj. 7a(a).Frequently used in collocation with full and void: see note at black adj. 7a(a).In the work cited in quot. 1597, Morley does not distinguish between the use of full red notes within full black notation to halve the value of notes of equivalent form (e.g. to represent a crotchet as opposed to a minim), and the use of full red notes to indicate a proportional reduction of the full black equivalent. Thus his reference to ‘three crotchettes’ should be taken to mean three red minims, and the proportional reduction as 3:2.
ΚΠ
1504 W. Cornysh Tretyse bytwene Enformacione & Musyke in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1908) 120 424 In musyke I haue lernyde iiij colours, as thys: blake, fulle blake, voyde, & in lyke wyse, rede.]
a1540 J. Tucke in R. Woodley John Tucke 72 Red full to blacke full ys sesquealtera 3 | 2 |... Red voyde to red full ys dupla.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶4 If a redde full note were found in blacke pricking, it was diminished of a fourth part, so that a semibriefe was but three crotchettes and a Redde minime was but a Crotchette: and thus you may perceiue that they vsed their red pricking in al respects as we vse our blacke noweadaies.
1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music II. ii. v. 180 This kind of alteration in the value by a change in the colour of notes..is mentioned by most authors, who when they speak of the diversity of colours mention black full and black void, and red full and red void.
1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 471/1 About the year 1370 both the black and red forms gradually fell into disuse.
1989 A. E. Planchart in H. M. Brown & S. Sadie Performance Pract. before 1600 vii. 139 The most sophisticated use of coloration was that of English composers of the late 14th and early 15th centuries, who used simultaneously black full, black void, red full and red void notation.
15. Cards. Designating the suits of hearts and diamonds, or a card from these suits. Also (of a declaration, bid, etc., in a card game): relating to or consisting of hearts or diamonds.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [adjective] > card of specific suit
black1615
red1630
spade1904
1630 T. Johnson New Bk. New Conceits sig. B3 You may doe this same at the Cards, by taking red Cards for the Christians, and blacke for the Turks, or contrariwise.
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester viii. 98 The Red Ace enters into the fourth place when it is Trump and it is called Punto then, otherwise only called an Ace.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Ombre If either of the red Suits be Trump, the Ace of that Suit, call'd Punto, [is] the fourth [trump].
1764 Suppl. Treat. Quadrille 27 A Reflection on the Difference in playing the same Hands, in Black and in Red Suits.
1861 Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 120 Fourth, if the trump suit be red, comes the ace of the trump suit, called Ponto; if black there is no Ponto.
1908 R. F. Foster Auction Bridge 50 Here is an example of a hand which is not a good red declaration.
1973 Times 29 Sept. 11/7 He needed to find both red aces on the left... His game bid was against the odds.
2003 D. L. Scott Wall St. Words (ed. 3) 57 Suppose you are told to draw one card from a full deck of cards. If you draw a red card you win $100 and if you draw a black card you win nothing.
16.
a. Warning of or indicating danger; (also) indicating that something is for use only in an emergency. Cf. red light n. 1.Recorded earliest in red flag n. 2.
ΚΠ
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. vi. 349 A boat a-head of us waved a red flag, and blew a horn. This we considered as a signal.., either to warn us of some shoal, or to inform us that they would supply us with a Pilot.
1810 J. West Refusal I. ii. 86 They whose sires were wont to arm, When its [sc. the castle's] red beacons gave alarm.
1840 Times 26 Nov. 3 The red signal is to stop—that there is danger.
1843 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 5 395 The red color, or light, being the signal of danger, requiring a train to stop.
1917 ‘Sapper’ No Man's Land 71 A row of grey-painted rockets with a red top, which in case of emergency send up the coloured flares that give the S.O.S. signals to those behind.
1970 A. K. Armah Fragments iv. 117 The red triangle of lights made by the warning beacons on the grid towers at Broadcasting House.
1989 L. Gough Hot Shots xi. 89 To the left of the restaurant there was a Hydro junction box with a big red sticker on it that said Danger High Voltage.
2007 Wired Apr. 78/3 We come to the control room, equipped with the obligatory red emergency button for shutting down all operations.
b. In Europe: designating a ski run or trail suitable for those at an intermediate skill level, marked with a red symbol and represented on a map in red.Quot. 1964 refers to a former system in the United States.
ΚΠ
1964 Ski Area Managem. Fall 42/2 The red diamond-shaped sign for extra caution..should..be used to warn of special hazards..or..of particularly steep slopes.]
1974 H. Evans et al. We learned to Ski 33 Here is what we have found to be the general pattern of designation in Europe... Red: difficult, for advanced intermediate and above.
1980 Times 8 Mar. 11/2 Excellent instructors..enabled me to cope with the moderately difficult red runs by the end of the week.
2004 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 4 Jan. 1 We were four snowboarders led by Filippo. From the top of the cable car I could see that the red piste down the mountain was steep, wide and in beautiful condition.
17. Chemistry. In the names of oxides, salts, etc., of a red colour, as red oxide of iron, mercury, zinc, etc., red sulphate of iron. Cf. red prussiate n. at Compounds 1e(e)(ii). Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
1789 R. Kerr tr. A. Lavoisier Elements Chem. ii. 187 Red oxyd of mercury.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 86 Red sulphate of iron..is precipitated black by the gallic acid.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxi. 186 The chief ores of zinc are the sulphide or blende, the carbonate or calamine, and the red oxide.
1871 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera I. iv. 8 I have a piece of red oxide of copper..which grieves me poignantly by losing its colour.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliv. 885 Mercuric oxide, HgO, also known as red oxide of mercury or red precipitate, is formed on heating mercury at a temperature slightly below its boiling-point for several weeks in a glass vessel containing air.
1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) lii. 530 Trimanganic tetroxide, Mn3O4, also called red manganese oxide or mangano-manganic oxide, appears to have a constitution represented by MnO.Mn2O3.
1971 Sci. Amer. May 18/3 Some of the oxides, such as the red oxide used in antifouling paint for ship bottoms may be potentially hazardous.
1983 New Scientist (BNC) 24 Mar. Oxygen gas fascinated Priestley. He produced it by heating red mercuric oxide with a 12 inch diameter burning glass.
1991 A. Enright Portable Virgin (1992) 104 He mentioned glasswort, the plant from which potash is made; the red oxide of lead, the black oxide of manganese.
18. Frequently with capital initial. Originally: revolutionary; republican; anarchistic. Later: communist, socialist; spec. of or relating to the Soviet Union, Soviet. Cf. red revolution n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i). [Originally with reference to red as the colour of blood and hence of bloodshed and violence (compare sense A. 9), after similar use of French rouge (1830 designating a political group; compare earlier bonnet rouge red bonnet (1792), one of the symbols of the French Revolution). Compare also earlier red flag n. 4a and discussion at that entry.]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [adjective]
revolutionary1694
sansculottish1798
sansculottic1822
red1848
Bolshevizing1920
society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [adjective] > left
left1794
red1848
left wing1873
leftist1895
leftish1899
left-wingish1926
left-wingy1936
lefty1937
left-leaning1938
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [adjective]
communist1850
red1920
commie1945
society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [adjective] > principles or policies
nihilistic1868
nihilist1872
Bolshevik1907
bolshie1918
Menshevik1918
Bolshevistic1920
Bolshevized1920
red1920
1848 Illustr. London News 1 July 415/1 The ‘Red Republicans’ have justified their name. They have filled the streets of Paris with blood.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 402/2 Germany itself is red with Socialism and a desire for Republicanism.]
1864 Spectator 16 Apr. 443/2 England is not Red..but she does sympathise heartily with Garibaldi's immediate ends.
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Feb. 1/2 The Dynamitards have not secured the return of a single deputy even for the ‘reddest’ constituency in France.
1920 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 404/2 The Red Government, still bent upon the destruction of Europe, was..recognised.
1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 85 The spread of the Bolshevistic propaganda has led to the fear, lest Labour should go red.
1958 Spectator 6 June 723/2 There are still hundreds of writers in gaol all over the Red Empire.
1995 R. Jeffreys-Jones Changing Differences vii. 110 Within a short space Smith had been depicted as a scarlet woman and as a Red politician.
19. Designating or representing British territory on a map, usually (now historical) with reference to British colonial possessions. Cf. sense B. 1d.
ΚΠ
1898 Self Culture 7 320/2 Great Britain has already painted red huge patches of the map.
1916 J. Buchan Greenmantle iv. 52 You see that map... South Africa is coloured green. Not red for the English, or yellow for the Germans.
1934 A. Huxley Beyond Mexique Bay 36 The non-existent young lady in fancy dress would be mortally offended by the suggestion that the place [sc. British Honduras] should be painted anything but red on the map.
1975 Listener 4 Sept. 297/1 At the beginning of the 20th century, practically every country exporting spices was marked red on the map.
2006 K. Lavezzo Angels on Edge of World 1 In the Kerrs' imperial geography, the spaces ‘painted red’ constitute either innumerable islands or immense landmasses.
20. Particle Physics. Of a quark: having the colour red (sense B. 21).
ΚΠ
1966 A. Pais in A. Zichichi Recent Devel. Particle Symmetries 406 If a baryon is made up of a red, a white and a blue quark, they are all different fermions and you thus get rid of the forced antisymmetry of the spatial wave function.
1982 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 7966 Quarks come in three colors..because they might have a red color charge or a green color charge or a blue color charge.
1998 Sci. Amer. Nov. 53 Gluons..are themselves colored. A red quark, for instance, can turn into a blue quark by radiating a red/antiblue gluon.
21. U.S. Politics. That votes, or is projected to vote, for the Republican Party, esp. in a presidential election. Also more generally: tending to support the Republican Party; politically conservative.Recorded earliest in red state n. 2.
ΚΠ
2000 NBC News: Today Show (transcript) (Nexis) 30 Oct. So how does he get those remaining 61 electoral red states, if you will?.. Bush desperately needs these 18 electoral votes in Michigan.
2000 N.Y. Observer 4 Dec. 15/2 That map scares people in the cities... Has Andrew Sullivan spent any time in red culture? Don't think so. The self-styled heartlanders despise the city people for being government-loving dependents.
2004 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Apr. 48/3 Like Florida or Missouri, Ohio is one of those states, inherently neither blue nor red, that seems to have gathered within its borders all the variant strains of American life.
2006 S. Jarding & D. Saunders Foxes in Henhouse i. iii. 71 Southern states became redder electorally and sent more Republicans to Congress.
2010 A. Marcotte Get Opinionated x. 198 It's clichéd but true to note that red voters' resentment of blue voters has not just a little hint of envy to it.
B. n. (and adv.)
1.
a. Red colour; redness.In modern use frequently with a defining term prefixed, as cherry, flesh, indigo, Turkey, etc.: see the first element (cf. sense A. 1). Red is one of the primary colours.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun]
rednesseOE
rudOE
red?c1225
ruddya1387
ruddinessa1398
gulesa1400
rothumc1400
ruddeningc1400
ruddonc1400
rouge1437
rubor?a1450
rossome1527
Mars1572
rubedinousness1599
reddiness1611
scarletness1611
rubetude1657
floridity1713
erubescence1736
floridness1776
fiery1847
raddle1860
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 262 Fur is hat & read. Iþeheate is understonden uchwaþe..Scheome bi þe rede.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 640 Ðe rede wid-innen toknet on Wreche ðat sal get wurðen sent.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxv. 4 Purpur, þat is, lyke blode & coccum twyse dyed, þat is, silc of flamme colour, mene bytwix reed & ȝalow.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 952 (MED) Riche red on þat on rayled ayquere, Rugh ronkled chekez þat oþer on rolled.
1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 5 Men dyen ther with fyn reed, the redenes ther of is wonder fayr and stable.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxxv. 179 In a baner square All of reed was wryten dyscomforte.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3988 Hir lippes were louely littid with rede.
1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Fiijv [The boar's] frothie mouth bepainted all with red.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rubrique.., a special title or sentence of the Law written, or printed, in red.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxvi, in Poems 11 The Sun in bed, Curtain'd with cloudy red.
1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 15 A deed, for which the day deserves its red Far more than for a paltry Saint, that died.
a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo xi, in Wks. (1721) III. 311 With such rare Mixture of pure Red and White.
1722 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 244 A Mixture of the Purple of each of the upper Series with the Red of the next below it.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby v. 256 Distinguished by the paly red The lamps in dim reflection shed.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic i. 8 Though the red or the white of this object is not the identical red or white of that object.
1923 A. G. Green & K. H. Saunders in Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 39 12/1 A wide range of shades from orange to scarlet, red, maroon, violet, blue and black.
1955 O. Manning Doves of Venus i. vi. 62 Here and there the red of football jerseys stood out oddly from the foggy light.
1999 C. Pellegrino & G. Zebrowski Star Trek Next Generation: Dyson Sphere x. 152 No longer sapphire-orange or even sapphire-pink, it glowed with the red of a ruby.
b. A shade or tint of red.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red
red1599
peach-blow1861
1599 R. Roche Eustathia sig. G When sorrow suckes, the reds forth of her face, The machlesse white, aloane doth hold the place.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §liiii I doe not like these reds, and blewes, and yellowes, amongst these plaine stalkes and eares.
1656 A. Cowley Davideis i. 6 in Poems No dawning Morn does her kind reds display.
a1691 R. Boyle in Wks. (1772) I. 757 Crimson seems to be little else than a very deep red with an eye of blue.
1735 Dict. Polygraph. II. sig. Hh4 Blues set off with yellows, reds, whites, browns, and blacks. Greens set off well with purples and reds.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere iv, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 24 The charmed water burnt alway A still and awful red.
1806 P. Gass Jrnl. 12 June (1807) 225 The ends of the feathers are tipped with a deep red.
1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 5/2 The bodies and bars of the carts were..painted in blues and reds.
1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) xii. 135 Barium oxide is heated to a dull red in a current of air.
1980 C. Jencks Late-mod. Archit. 13 The Pompidou Centre..is an oversized meccano set painted in French blues and reds.
2004 P. Ball Elements vii. 153 The reds of colour TVs were never very vibrant until..the early 1960s.
c. Gambling. The red colour in rouge et noir or roulette.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > roulette > [noun] > numbers or colours
black1793
red1793
rouge1835
impair1850
noir1850
pair1867
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > games of chance played with cards > [noun] > Rouge et Noir > colour
red1793
noir1805
rouge1805
couleur1867
1793 tr. A. de Moivre Faro & Rouge et Noir 61 The pontes or punters who sit round the table may stake their money on red or black.
1821 G. Long Hoyle's Games Improved 118 The cards are sometimes cut, for which colour shall be dealt first: but in general the first parcel is for black, and the second red.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis I. xxxviii. 370 A confounded run on the red had finished him, he said, at Baden Baden: no gentleman could stand against a colour coming up fourteen times.
1868 E. Yates Rock Ahead III. iii. v. 178 I've won a little on the red and black here and there.
1981 C. Leopold Night Fishers of Antibes ii. 18 Bets were laid. Jerome dumped all his collection of chips on Red.
1998 R. J. Teweles & F. J. Jones Futures Game (ed. 3) x. 279 A roulette player may be interested in betting on red versus black or odd versus even.
d. Chiefly in red on the map with reference to the extent of the British Empire. Now chiefly historical.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > colouring in maps
red on the map1899
1899 Manch. Guardian 2 May 7/1 The destruction of the Transvaal's independence..would blot out from the mass of red on the map of South Africa a spot of brown.
1966 Observer 27 Feb. (Colour Suppl.) 5/1 Red on the map tends to be spots, not splashes nowadays—but there are still more than 1,500 British islands.
2.
a. Red fabric, red cloth, etc.; red clothing, dress, or uniform. Esp. in in red.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > pink or red
redc1275
sanguine1319
Brazil1389
crimson1416
murrey1530
carnadine1598
vermiliona1640
pompadour1761
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12302 Heo hafden on iqueðen alle..þat heo wolden of ane heowen heore claðes habben; Sum hafde whit, sum hafden ræd, sum hafde god grene æc.
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 83 (MED) Whan þou list on bere, Of fow no grai no rede no rai Nastov bot a here.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 296 For hym was leuere haue at his beddes heed Twenty bookes clad in blak or reed.
1448 Acct. in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1907) 13 50 (MED) Also, a nother pelow of Rede, blew, & grene chekyred.
a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 475 (MED) He..made hym [sc. the Pope] & his cardenals ride in reed on hye ors.
1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 44 For ij yards of Red for Crosses, price the yarde xijd.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V6v There sate, yclad in red Downe to the ground, a comely personage.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 81 Attiring himselfe in red, his Tulipant, Cabbay, Boots, Scabberd.
1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 192 I do not charge you that you commanded those Halbertiers, but those Red-coats; you were all in Red.
1780 Royal Gaz. (N.Y.) 24 June 4/4 (advt.) Price of these Three Hundred and Fifty Four Songs, neatly bound in red, only One Dollar.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. viii. 63/2 Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red; and shipped away.
1856 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (new ed.) 152 He stands masked, clothed in red, with huge legs, and strong naked arms.
1934 D. Thomas Let. Oct. (1987) 171 I was becomingly clad in red.
1953 K. M. Briggs Personnel of Fairyland i. 59 These are hideous little fairies with copper-coloured faces, and dressed in red.
2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 21 Feb. iii. 1/1 The Wisconsin road team wore red while Illinois' home team wore orange.
b. A kind of red cloth. Now historical and rare.
ΚΠ
1445 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1911) K. 308 (MED) [Woollen cloths called] Redes.
1566 A. Edwards Let. 26 Apr. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 379 Your London reds are not to be sent hither, for they will not giue aboue 18. shaughes their arshine.
1687 in W. R. Scott Rec. Sc. Cloth Manufactory New Mills (1905) 150 The dying of..whyte clooaths..into the best, brightest gingelein rids.
1763 Compl. Compting-house Compan. 157/1 Its [sc. Somerset's] chief manufactures are, broad cloths, reds, scarlets, mixed or medleys, and plain whites.
1832 I. Weld Statist. Surv. County Roscommon 328 The women..can dye the cloth which they spin, and I have seen occasionally some reds, dyed with madder and alum, of a tolerably good colour.
1973 M. H. Keen Eng. Later Middle Ages iii. viii. 181 The reputation of the town's fine reds led clothmen from elsewhere..to send their cloths to be dyed there. By 1457 ‘Castle Combs’ was a trade name known in London for fine reds.
c. Chiefly with capital initial. In plural (usually with the). A sports team which usually plays in a kit or uniform which is red or features the colour red. Also occasionally in singular: a player for or supporter of such a team.
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1822 Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 648/2 The third and concluding round, however, set the matter at rest, the blues beating the reds by seven additional hits.
1867 Marlburian 1 223/1 The Reds by playing up and falling down succeeded in bringing about a drawn game.
1938 Sporting News 1 Sept. 1/2 There has been a lot of comments on the ‘El Foldo’ acts being staged by the Pirates, Giants, Cubs, and Reds.
1975 R. Angell in New Yorker 17 Nov. 167/1 The Reds nudged and shouldered at the lead.
1989 Sunday Times (Nexis) 24 Sept. From the age of 13 he had been a Red, having signed schoolboy forms for Liverpool.
1992 Independent (Nexis) 7 Oct. 34 From the age of five I went with my father, an ardent Red, to all Manchester United's London games.
2001 FourFourTwo Aug. 24/1 That win for the Reds was the successful final leg of a £2.50 accumulator bet.
3. Gold. Cf. sense A. 3. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold
goldeOE
reda1393
metal1600
solar metala1657
shining clay1668
yellow1858
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2571 To the rede and to the whyte This Ston hath pouer to profite.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1384 They shul for-go þe white and eke þe rede.
1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. x. 187 The most Gracious See (saith he) rejecteth none where White or Red (Silver or Gold) makes Intercession.
1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 73 Red, gold; a cent.
1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid 237 Now what you bring me this time? Stones, a bit of red?
†4.
a. = rouge n.1 2a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours > reddening
reda1398
cloth of Levant1497
red leather1545
safflower1583
cheek-varnish1598
vermilion1600
rubric1650
rud1651
Spanish wool1678
French reda1680
saffranon1731
French rouge?1745
rouge1746
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxxx. 867 Ofte it gendreþ semeliche colour and fayre, as tewly reed [L. minium; Caxton redy] and stibium, þerwiþ wommen peynteþ hemself for to seme faire of colour.
1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount iv. f. 75 Another kinde of redde verye good for the face.
1700 W. Congreve Way of World iii. i. 32 Lady. Fetch me the Red—The Red, do you hear, Sweet-Heart?.. Peg. The red Ratifia does your Ladyship mean..? Lady... Paint, dost thou understand that?
c1720 Duchess of Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 367 I made myself as French as I could.., but they wear such loads of red, and powder, that it is impossible for me to come up to that.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Red, in Cosmeticks, a Fucus or Paint wherewith the Ladies enliven their Cheeks and Lips.
b. Red ochre; ruddle. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter
red stoneeOE
red eartheOE
redding1292
raddlea1350
ruddle1353
rubric?1440
red ochre1481
sinoper1501
red1538
red chalk1538
sinople1548
terra sigillata1563
almagre1598
majolica1598
minium1613
orell1614
reddle1648
India red1668
Indian red1672
riddle1681
smit1728
Persian earth1735
red marl1748
abraum1753
Terra Sienna1760
tivera1825
kokowai1836
sinopia1844
sinopis1857
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Rubricatus, coloured with redde or ruddelyd, as shepe are.
1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Red, ruddle for marking sheep.
1895 T. Ellwood Lakeland & Iceland 56 To mark sheep..with red or ruddle previous to sending them to the fell.
5.
a. Red wine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > red wine
red wineOE
redc1400
ruby1671
vino tinto1673
red fustian1699
rouge1786
vinho tinto1835
vin rouge1917
vino rosso1949
tinto1958
vino nero1968
c1400 Life St. Anne (Minn.) (1928) 1260 He..comand at serue þam of þe beste To drynke boyth red & qwyte.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 234 Now kepe yow fro the white and fro the rede And namely fro the white wyn of lepe.
a1456 J. Lydgate Seying of Nightingale (Trin. Cambr.) 153 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 226 (MED) Lyke hem þat pressin quayers of entent In þe pressour, boþe þe rede and whyte, So was he pressyd þy Raunsoun for to quyte.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 11315 (MED) Þerfore ben the rede hatter wel Þan þe white by a greet del.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 133 France..yeelds great plenty of red and white wines..which are held excellent to be drunke.., the red with meate, which red is otherwise reputed vnholsome, as prouoking and causing rhumes.
1709 E. Ward Rambling Fuddle-caps 11 Came in with a Friend for a whet of good Red.
1721 A. Ramsay Epist. to R. H. B. iii If ram'd wi' red, they rant and rair, Like mirthfu' men.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Will Waterproof's Monologue in Poems (new ed.) II. 186 No pint of white or red Had ever half the power.
1927 E. Hemingway Men without Women 207 You tried the red?.. We'll have a round of the red.
1961 J. B. Priestley Saturn over Water viii. 113 We drank a bottle of Chilean red, and she made coffee.
2000 J. Simpson Mad World, my Masters (2001) xii. 384 Lunches were traditionally long and bibulous, and the bottles of red kept coming.
b. A kind or variety of red wine.
ΚΠ
1770 T. Percy Regulations & Establishm. Houshold Fifth Earl of Northumberland (new ed.) 413 The Claret Wine was what the Gascoigns call at present a Vin Clairet, being a pale red Wine, as distinguished from the deeper Reds.
1833 C. Redding Hist. Mod. Wines v. 167 The white wines are rarely bottled for keeping; the reds reach perfection in two or three years.
1868 Chambers's Encycl. at Wine The Italian wines are very numerous. The best reds are Lambrusco, Barbera, etc.
1902 A. Bennett Grand Babylon Hotel xxii. 251 The ‘Spanish reds’ from Catalonia, including the dark ‘Tent’ so often used sacramentally.
1947 New Yorker 22 Mar. 101 (advt.) An eminent wine, full and velvety, one of the most palatable reds of the famous Napa Valley.
2007 Olive May 138/1 Look for spicy, full-bodied reds made from grapes such as grenache, shiraz, mourvèdre..or zinfandel.
6. In plural. The menstrual discharge; a menstrual period; (also) †excessive menstrual bleeding (obsolete). Now rare (colloquial in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun]
monthlyeOE
menstruuma1398
flowerc1400
menstrue?a1425
women's evilc1450
menstruosity1503
courses1563
monthly time1564
reds1568
month courses1574
purgation1577
women's courses1577
month1578
menses1597
menstruals1598
flourish1606
nature1607
fluors1621
mois1662
period1690
catamenia1764
turn1819
visitor1980
1568 T. Hill Proffitable Arte Gardening (rev. ed.) ii. xvii. f. 77 Cummine seedes..dothe staye the muche bleading at the nose, and womens excesse of the reedes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 268 Herb Robert..and Hyocisthis..do stay the flux of reds or whites.
1664 R. Turner Βοτανολογία 189 [Following Gerarde] The juyce of the root [of Madder]..is said..to stay the Reds in Women, and the Bloody Flux.
1748 J. Browne & J. Hill tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Drugs (ed. 4) I. ii. 47/1 It [sc. Tormentil] is binding, vulnerary, proper to stop Loosenesses of the Belly, Hemorrhages, Vomiting, Whites or Reds in Women [etc.].
1764 W. Oliver Ess. Warm Bathing (ed. 3) ix. 110 The Reds, which happen to Women for the most part that have had many Labours.
1853 J. Warrington Obstetr. Catech. (new ed.) 51 What are the synonyms of menstruation? Catamenia, menses, courses, monthlies,..the reds, [etc.].
1997 A. E. Walker Menstrual Cycle i. 3 Others [sc. categories of euphemism] refer to the colour of menstruation (e.g. ‘the reds’) or menstrual accoutrements.
7. A red pigment or dye.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun]
purpurisse1519
red1589
purpurissum1611
madder lake1821
1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks iii. 47 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucoliks Ne is their vse and profit lesse, although Milesian fleeses..staind or dide in Tyrian reds Are changed for a great..price.
1606 H. Peacham Art of Drawing ii. iv. 52 (heading) Of all sorts of Reds, and their Tempering.
1667 W. Petty in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 293 The Dyers use this Water in Reds, and in other colours wanting restringency.
1789 tr. J. Hellot in tr. J. Hellot et al. Art of dying Wool, Silk, & Cotton 158 [Madder root] is the most permanent of all reds, if applyed after the wool or stuff has been well scoured.
1812 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 102 113 It is not a little remarkable that blood is used by the Armenian dyers, together with madder, in the preparations of their finest and most durable reds.
1831 C. Mackenzie Five Thousand Receipts 344/1 Sometimes its [sc. madder's] dye is heightened by the addition of Brazil-wood, and sometimes it is employed in conjunction with dearer reds, as cochineal.
1966 R. J. Gettens & G. L. Stout Painting Materials 118 Gypsum has some utility as a base for lake pigments; it is a component, also, of certain artificial iron oxide reds.
1989 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 19 Feb. 16 h Cochineals, which are Mexican insects, were dried and crushed to make scarlet. Red came from madder root, yellow from goldenrod.
2003 S. Jennings Artist's Color Man. 14/2 Reds were similarly developed, and from the 1920s onward, these new pigments were offered as artists' materials.
†8. In plural. Red cheeks. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > cheek > [noun] > types of cheek
chuff1530
bladder chops1549
piper's cheeks1602
reds1616
lockram jaws1682
trumpet-cheek1693
lantern-jaws1711
lantern-face1795
1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale x. 212 Canace, whose bothe reddes paeld deadlie teene.
9. = red squadron n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i); esp. in (Rear, Vice) Admiral of the Red. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > squadron > specific
Irish guard1644
blue1653
Blue Squadron1665
white squadron1666
white1668
red1690
red squadron1702
1690 London Gaz. No. 2541/3 A second Rate, and Rear-Admiral of the Red.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. 600 Rear-Admiral of the Red.
1805 Admiralty Notice in Naval Chron. 14 439 His Majesty having been pleased to order the rank of Admirals of the Red to be restored to His Majesty's Navy.
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 126/2 Admirals of the Red bear their flag at the main-top-gallant-mast-head.
1862 Queen's Regulations for Govt. Naval Service 17 The Admiral of the Fleet, and the Admirals of the Red, White, and Blue, shall wear their proper Flag.
1929 C. L. Lewis Famous Old-World Sea Fighters vi. 134 During this day, the English Vice Admiral of the ‘Red’, John Lawson, particularly distinguished himself.
2006 J. Derriman Marooned (ed. 2) 148 The captain, John Rolles, far from being dismissed the service, eventually became Rear-Admiral of the Red.
10.
a. A red kind or variety of animal, as a red cow, deer, fox, kangaroo, squirrel, etc.
ΚΠ
1693 London Gaz. No. 2898/4 The red was a Springing Cow, with a small star in the Forehead.
1872 14th Ann. Rep. Indiana State Board Agric. 380 There is another family of heavy hogs called Duroc,..which are finer in the bone and carcass than the reds.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 121 He's got a real turn for the roans and reds.
1929 W. Faulkner Sartoris ii. v. 125 Got an old red we been saving for you. Been running him off and on for two years, now, with the young dogs.
1972 E. Hargreaves Fair Green Weed vii. 93 I'm to buy in more cattle, good reds, in the herd book.
1995 T. Dawson Kangaroos iii. 41 The reds' home-ranges may be well removed from water but they can quickly move many kilometers to reach it.
2002 M. Mulvihill Ingenious Ireland 393/1 The Anglo-Normans kept herds in walled deer parks, along with introduced deer species,..with which the reds often interbred.
2008 B. A. Somervill Gray Squirrel iv. 21 Conservationists are not sure about all the reasons for the reds' decline. One problem is the squirrel pox carried by the grays.
b. A redfish; (Canadian) the sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka; (U.S.) the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > genus Sciaena > sciaena ocellata (red drum)
bass1530
drummer1615
drum1649
red drum1709
drummer fish1725
red fish1763
red sciaena1803
red bass1837
spot1864
school bass1869
channel bass1873
spotfish1875
masooka1884
red horse1884
red1958
1958 R. E. Watters Brit. Columbia 143 Many an ex-handliner can recall the ‘bad year’ when reds brought three cents a pound.
1975 V. Evanoff Best Ways to catch more Fish 191 Even the smaller channel bass called ‘reds’ will feed at night.
1992 Destination Québec 58/3 Reds thrive on smelt, yellow perch and other small fish.
2001 Inshore Salt Water Fishing (Salt Water Sportsman) 19/1 Some reds that live in Florida Bay..,for example, are nearly white.
11. A red kind or variety of crop; esp. a red potato.In quot. 1881: a variety of wheat.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of
baker1651
Irish potato1664
sprout1771
London lady1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
round1800
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
Murphy1811
lumper1840
blue1845
salmon1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
snowflake1882
magnum1889
ware1894
snowdrop1900
King Edward1902
Majestic1917
red1926
fingerling1930
Pentland1959
chipper1961
Maris Peer1963
Maris Piper1963
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato
potato1629
Rough Red1771
sprout1771
London lady1780
russet1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
silver-skin1797
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
lumper1840
blue1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
mangel-wurzel potato1875
snowflake1882
snowdrop1900
pomato1905
Idaho1911
Majestic1917
red1926
Pentland1959
1779 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 56 For black earth, the Irish blue Potatoe, and the old English reds, are the most proper.
1829 G. Griffin Collegians II. xxx. 333 The English reds are a nate pratie.
1881 Daily News 23 Aug. 3/6 There were a few parcels of new wheat shown... Reds realized 55s. to 58s., and fine whites up to 60s. per quarter.
1926 R. N. Salaman Potato Varieties v. 28 A red,..when selfed, gives rise to three plants bearing red tubers to one bearing white.
1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 16/6 Least wastage was 1½oz. from a pound of ‘Reds’.
2003 L. Scott Sober Kitchen ii. vii. 237 Waxy-type spuds are the ones to choose for this job—baby reds or whites.
12. A red ball in snooker, billiards, and similar games.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > ball > ball of specific colour
carambole1775
red1779
white1779
black1866
green1889
1779 J. Dew Treat. Billiards 18 If the Striker hits the Red and his Adversary's Ball with his own Ball he played with, he wins two Points.
1841 ‘Colonel B.’ Handbk. Game of Billiards 16 When the player caramboles by playing first at the white, and should also hole his own and the red, he scores seven points.
1895 A. Roberts & R. Morton Adventures A. Roberts ix. 111 The red was under the cush. Alias hesitated at which ball to play.
1928 C. Bergener Contrib. Study Conversion of Adjs. into Nouns 135 The reds must be potted before you take the colours.
1977 Cleethorpes News 6 May 29/4 Hood potted the last red and this left Barnes in trouble.
2003 Snooker Scene July 4/1 Cope, snookered, potted brown as the free ball, then blue followed by eight reds with blacks.
13. North American. Chiefly in plural. A North American Indian. Cf. Red Indian n., redskin n. 1. Now chiefly historical.
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the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Amerindian > [noun]
Indian1553
American1568
Native Americana1628
native1636
American Native1648
American Indian1650
Injun1666
Canada Indian1688
red man1740
North American Indian1748
redskinc1769
buckskin1783
Red Indian1788
red1795
North American1825
copperhead1838
neechee1850
Lo1871
Amerind1899
Amerindian1899
1795 in L. Hopkins et al. Echo (1807) 217 All should join, with frisky heads, The grand Pawaw of whites and reds.
1804 C. B. Brown tr. C. F. de Volney View Soil & Climate U.S.A. 351 A body..capable of defending itself both against whites and reds, the savage on the one hand, and the land jobber on the other.
1864 Weekly New Mexican 29 July 2/2 A few shots were fired after the reds, but without effect.
1889 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 11 May 1/7 A fight occurred between Indians and cowboys near that post, and..three of the reds were killed.
1921 P. L. Haworth Trailmakers 92 But the instinct for killing sometimes led both Whites and Reds to engage in useless slaughter.
1943 A. J. M. Smith Bk. Canad. Poetry iii. 143 They wuzn't long upon the trail Before a band of Reds Got on their tracks, an' foller'd up, A-goin' to shave their heads.
2003 T. Belue Hunters of Kentucky x. 242 By 1787 whites and reds had agreed to terse terms of a prisoner swap.
14. Chiefly U.S. A cent; = red cent n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i). Cf. nary a red n. at nary adj. 2. Now rare.
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society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > North American coins > U.S. > one-cent piece
penny1831
red1849
nickel1857
ct.a1875
1849 Alta California (San Francisco) 12 July 1/5 Any body can..bet a red on any card he chuses.
1865 ‘M. Twain’ in N.Y. Saturday Press 18 Nov. 249/2 Smiley would ante up money on him as long as he had a red.
1905 J. London Let. 1 June (1966) 173 I don't care a red how much the Lazar-sheets roast me.
1936 J. A. McKenna Black Range Tales 267 Many who came into Frisco had not a dad-blasted red left to their name.
1942 S. O'Casey Pictures in Hallway 246 Had he had anything, Johnny would have given it to him; but he hadn't a red.
15. Frequently with capital initial. Originally: a political radical, as a republican, anarchist, or socialist. Now chiefly: a communist; a radical socialist; spec. (now historical) a Russian Bolshevik; a citizen or supporter of the Soviet Union. Cf. sense A. 18.
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society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the left > adherent(s) of
Red Guard1849
red1851
leftist1890
left winger1894
lefty1920
Red Fed1970
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > republicanism > adherent of
republican1657
republicarian1666
commonwealth man1680
rouge1849
red1851
monarchomach1904
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > anarchism > adherent of
anarchist1648
anarch1757
antarchist1845
rouge1849
antarchistic1877
redshirt1889
red1892
anarcho1894
misarchist1896
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > adherent of
communist1850
red flagger1886
redshirt1889
red ragger1909
commie1928
red1928
Commo1941
1851 Punch 20 245/2 I dreamt that I stood in the Crystal Halls, With Chartists and Reds at my side.
1858 Harper's Mag. Apr. 704/2 The Reds rejoice in that measure of distress which can be relieved only by the guillotine.
1892 Mrs. H. Ward David Grieve II. 349 My father was a Red—an Anarchist.
1928 D. L. Sayers Lord Peter views Body iii. 44 I'm a Tory, if anything. I'm certainly not a Red.
1957 Economist 7 Dec. 882/2 Dr Villeda..has been at pains to show the Americans that he is no red.
1976 C. Bermant Coming Home i. i. 16 There came the depredations of the Russian civil war, first from the Reds then the Whites.
2001 J. Ellroy Cold Six Thousand cii. 553 He don't take no shit from the Reds in Vietnam.
16. With the. The debit side of an account, conventionally written in red ink; (hence) debt, overdraft. Also in extended use. Cf. black adj. and n. Phrases 8. in the red: in debt, overdrawn, losing money. out of the red: in credit, making a profit.
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society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [adverb]
in debtc1330
in, upon, on (the) score1568
in the red1907
in (occasionally the) hock1913
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [adverb] > profitably > having so much to profit
in pocket1751
out of the red1907
in the clear1928
1907 M. Rollins Money & Investm. 314 Formerly it was customary, and is now with some bookkeepers, to make an entry of a loss in red ink, from whence arose the term ‘in the red’, always indicating a loss.
1928 Publishers' Weekly 10 Nov. 1957/2 About 966 copies more and the title will be out of the red.
1931 F. L. Allen Only Yesterday viii. 212 The Philadelphia Sesquicentennial was sinking deeper and deeper into the red.
1953 Aeroplane 3 Apr. 441 After the past financial year's complete break from the ‘red’, it is disappointing to learn that B.O.A.C.'s accounts for 1952 are likely to show a marked reduction in operating profit.
1955 Times 28 June 3/3 With Tordoff and Saeed opening Somerset's second innings with commendable vigour, Leicestershire went further into the red.
1977 D. Williams Treasure by Degrees xviii. 169 A quarter of a million pounds..would be more than sufficient to keep the College out of the red for the foreseeable future.
2006 J. Dibbell Play Money xlii. 276 I started the day in the red, with chargebacks from two fraudulent PayPal payments knocking me down about $44.
17. A red light, flag, etc., intended as a signal to stop; esp. the red light in a set of traffic lights. on red: while the red light is showing at a set of traffic lights.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > traffic control > traffic lights > specific
red light1790
green arrow1875
amber light1896
yellow1900
yellow light1920
amber1929
stop light1930
stop sign1934
filter1939
red1940
green1962
1940 Traffic Engin. 11 24/1 Vehicle operators stopped on red would anticipate the green at the slowing down of cross traffic units.
1972 D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play xvi. 153 ‘We go by the position of the lights, not the colours,’ soothed Ivansong, as they roared through a red.
1976 ‘P. B. Yuill’ Hazell & Menacing Jester vi. 67 I was doing over fifty and jumping reds.
1987 Kart & Superkart Oct. 21/3 The red came out to stop proceedings until the track could be tidied up.
2005 Guardian 21 Sept. ii. 27/3 Do cyclists think that the rules of the road do not apply to them..as they sail blithely through a pedestrian crossing on red?
18. Nautical. The port side of a ship.Chiefly in compass bearings.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [noun] > port
back-boardOE
larboardc1400
baborda1522
port1543
red1942
1942 J. Fernald Destroyer from Amer. v. 112 The Navigator was interrupted..by a familiar cry—‘Aircraft bearing Red Three Five!’
1948 E. Partridge et al. Dict. Forces' Slang 153 Red, the, the port side of a ship. It shows a red light.
1969 Jrnl. Inst. Navigation 22 355 Very few radars have the relative ring properly marked, i.e. red and green 1° to 179°.
2005 K. Dobbs Running Rapids iv. 43 Seconds later the port lookout just abaft the wheelhouse roared out urgently, ‘Ship bearing red four five! Red four five, a ship!’
19. Short for red alert n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i). Now rare.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > specific types of warning
by-warning1542
gypsy's warning1824
red warning1940
yellow1940
red alert1941
yellow alert1941
red1943
code1957
amber alert1958
content warning1977
trigger warning1993
1943 B. Nixon Raiders Overhead iii. 28 Every night, and all night, there were raids. On the evening of the 16th the ‘red’ came up at 8.5 p.m.
1943 G. Greene Ministry of Fear iv. i. 223 Yellow's up... About time for the Red I should think.
20. slang (originally U.S.). A capsule of a sedative drug, esp. secobarbitol. Cf. earlier red-bird n. 2. [After the red colouring of capsules of Seconal (secobarbitol).]
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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > sedative drug or tablet > secobarbital
red-bird1946
red devil1953
pink lady1954
red1958
1958 W. Motley Let no Man write my Epit. 418 They took the bennies for kicks. Or red jackets and yellow jackets: goof balls. Or reds and yellows with bennies to give an additional kick.
1967 W. Murray Sweet Ride vii. 107 It's pills, mostly. Reds, goofballs, all kinds. And grass, of course.
1987 N. Spinrad Little Heroes 98 Chemical highs like speed and reds and smack.
2000 R. Barger et al. Hell's Angel vii. 128 I still believe he committed suicide down in Mexico with reds.
21. Particle Physics. [An arbitrary choice of one colour of a set of three, analogous to the three primary colours.] One of the three quark colours (colour n.1 24).
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1966 A. Pais in A. Zichichi Recent Devel. Particle Symmetries 406 Assume you have three sets of quarks, each an SU(6) sextet but distinguished from one another by some attribute I do not know, say red, white and blue.
1989 H. Georgi in P. Davies New Physics xv. 429/1 If the colour state is, for example, |red〉 + |blue〉, then a measurement of the quark colour will give red 50% of the time and blue 50% of the time.
2005 M. Livio Equation that couldn't be Solved vii. 220 Each quark flavor comes in three different colors, conventionally called red, green, and blue.
22. Sport (originally and chiefly Association Football). A red card shown by the referee to a player to indicate that he or she is being sent off the field for foul play. Short for red card n. 1. Cf. yellow card n. 3.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > card shown to send player off field
card1969
red card1969
red1976
1976 Guardian 4 Oct. (Sport section) 18/1 (headline) Red for Best but need for a common voice.
1996 Lacrosse Talk Oct. 6/3 If she receives a red she is banned from the next two matches.
2006 FourFourTwo Aug. 40/1 Seven yellows and two reds suggests bloodbath.
2017 Times (Nexis) 28 Apr. (Sport section) 70 It was 19 seconds of madness from Fellaini involving two kicks at Sergio Agüero and a headbutt, a yellow and a straight red.

Phrases

P1. In similative comparisons, as red as blood, red as a cherry, red as fire, red as a rose, etc.
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c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7955 Þe oder is milc-whit..þe oðer ræd alse blod [c1300 so read so blod].
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 3179 Yfourmed as a dragon as red ase fur.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 882 (MED) He..stared..a-stoneyd..and eft red as rose.
c1400 (?c1308) Adam Davy's 5 Dreams (1878) 140 Þe kyng stood, ycloþed al in rede: murre he was, of þat blee red as blood.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lv. sig. Mi The ymage..blusshed as red as sendall.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 49 With a face as red as fire.
1720 J. Gay Poems Several Occasions II. 376 Thy trembling lip..Red as the cherry from the Kentish tree.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere i, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 7 The Bride hath pac'd into the Hall, Red as a rose is she.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine ii The tip of her nose as red as fire with sniffling and weeping.
1963 S. Cloete Rags of Glory xxxix. 316 The Englishmen were sunburned, red as lobsters.
2000 Z. Smith White Teeth (2001) ii. 29 So Ryan was red as a beetroot.
P2. to be as red (in the gills) as a (turkey-) cock: (of a person) to have bright red cheeks; to have a very ruddy complexion.
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1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxx. 160 He..was reed as a cok, and had a good lyuynge colour.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xi. f. 85v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Tyll they be read as cockes, and litle wyser then their combes.
1689 E. Hickeringill Ceremony-monger iii. 92 The Lazy Fat Prebend and Ceremony monger..is as Red in the Gills as a Turky-cock, or his Scarlet-hood.
1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times III. 18 Her face was as red as the gills of a turkey cock.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xv. 272 The idea..mantled the blood in my cheeks till I was as red as a turkey-cock.
1928 H. Wade Missing Partners viii. 96 His complexion was extraordinary—‘high-coloured’ exactly describes it—damned high-coloured. He was as red as the proverbial turkey-cock.
1999 C. Graham Place of Safety (2001) 223 His face was as red as a turkey cock's. Mark my words, that man's heading for a stroke.
P3. to shoot (also sport) the red: (of a turkey poult) to develop caruncles and red coloration on the head. Now rare.
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1848 E. S. Dixon Ornamental & Domest. Poultry 43 A safer rule may be fixed at the season called ‘shooting the red’, a ‘disease’, as some compilers are pleased to call it.
1871 W. M. Lewis People's Pract. Poultry Bk. 103 The following prescription..[is] an invaluable tonic for debilitated birds, especially in the mortality which is apt to prevail when ‘shooting the red’.
1897 K. B. B. De La Bere New Poultry Guide ii. 56 Turkeys require considerable attention..until they ‘sport the red’, as it is termed, i.e., develop the red colouring to the face and wattles.
1932 Somerset Year Bk. 83 When they'm shuttin' th' reds they'm pin-near zartain ta die.
P4. red in tooth and claw: characterized by savage violence or merciless competition (chiefly after quot. 1850). Also figurative.
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1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lv. 80 Tho' Nature, red in tooth and claw With ravine, shriek'd against his creed. View more context for this quotation
1883 H. B. Gray Mod. Laodiceans ii. 197 I see its bastard brood—murder, red in tooth and claw, creeping in our midst.
1913 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 3 681 Nor have the eagle-eyed newspapers themselves any great cause for vengeance red in tooth and claw.
1988 J. Neel Death's Bright Angel xi. 104 Henry contemplated with interest this new vision of a Civil Service red in tooth and claw.
2001 Observer 18 Mar. (Britain Uncovered Suppl.) 50/1 While there is a ‘red in tooth and claw’ aspect to this financial sharp end, there is a still larger element in the overclass who do not get their hands quite so dirty.
P5. red, white, and blue. Frequently with the.
a. The colours of the flag of the United States. Hence: the flag itself; the United States. Also as adj.: characteristic of the United States or its citizens; designating or characterized by American patriotism.
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1853 N.-Y. Daily Times 3 Aug. 2/1 The Samoset house was covered with banners and festoons of ‘the red, white and blue’.
1856 Allen County (Ohio) Democrat 17 May 1/4 Proudly she bore her brave crew,..Now the boast of the Red, White, and Blue.
1917 M. Greene & B. Lang A-M-E-R-I-C-A (song) in F. G. Vogel World War I Songs (1995) iii. 288/1 Our U.S.A. has given us our liberty, All our hats are off to you And the Red, White and Blue.
1976 R. Sabbag Snow Blind xiv. 233 America's odoriferous blend of all that was red, white and blue about Jesse Owens.
2003 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 7 June 14 A far cry from the red, white and blue patriotism associated with the Superbowl's cheerleading.
b. The colours of the Union flag of the United Kingdom. Hence: the flag itself. Also as adj.: devoted to the service of the United Kingdom; characterized by British patriotism.
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society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > [adjective] > British
Rule Britannia1841
red, white, and blue1855
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > Union Jack
Union colours1634
Union flag1634
Union Jack1674
union1720
red, white, and blue1855
1855 D. T. Shaw Britannia, Pride of Ocean 1 May the Service United ne'er sever, And both to their Colours prove true, The Army and Navy for ever! Three cheers for the Red, White and Blue!
1912 R. Brooke Lett. (1968) 387 Aren't you, perhaps, going to lecture..about the British Empire, on ‘Heart-Cries under the Red White and Blue’, or some such title?
1971 Scope (S. Afr.) 19 Mar. 30/1 They were all that he was not; British in tradition; red-white-and-blue in sentiment.
1993 Sun 31 May 35/5 Wright said: ‘It's was my goal for England—a red, white and blue goal. No one can say I'll never score for my country now.’
P6. to paint the town red: see paint v.1 Phrases 1.
P7. In proverbial expressions referring to the belief that a red sky in the evening promises good weather for the following day, whereas at dawn it suggests that the day ahead will be unsettled, esp. as red sky at night, shepherd's (also sailor's) delight; red sky in the morning, shepherd's (also sailor's) warning. [The belief is reflected in the Bible, Matthew 16:2, which the proverb is probably ultimately based on. Compare:
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xvi. 2 Whanne the euentid is comun, ȝe seien, ‘It schal be clere, for heuene is rodi’; and the morewtid, ‘To dai tempest, for heuene schyneth heueli’.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xvi. 2 When it is euening, yee say, It will bee faire weather: for the skie is red. And in the morning, It will be foule weather to day: for the skie is red and lowring.
]
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1893 R. Inwards Weather Lore 53 Sky red in the morning Is a sailor's sure warning, Sky red at night is the sailor's delight.
1920 Punch 14 July 36 Red sky at night, shepherd's delight... Red sky in the morning, shepherd's warning.
1970 P. West I'm Expecting to Live Quite Soon 196 What's weather to do with it? Red sky at morning, shepherd's warning. Red sky at night, shepherd's delight.
1991 V. Bugliosi Sea will Tell v. 58 In the stillness, Buck said, ‘Red sky at night, sailor's delight.’ Jennifer knew the rest. ‘Red sky in the morning, sailor's warning.’ The famous old saw was suddenly a special shared moment.
2001 M. Bragg Son of War xxii. 226 ‘Red sky at night: shepherd's delight’. I thought you'd have noticed it.
P8. to see red: to become very angry; to lose self-control.
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the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry
wrethec900
wrothc975
abelghec1300
to move one's blood (also mood)c1330
to peck moodc1330
gremec1460
to take firea1513
fumec1522
sourdc1540
spitec1560
to set up the heckle1601
fire1604
exasperate1659
to fire up1779
to flash up1822
to get one's dander up1831
to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832
to have (also get) one's monkey up1833
to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837
rile1837
to go off the handle1839
to flare up1840
to set one's back up1845
to run hot1855
to wax up1859
to get one's rag out1862
blow1871
to get (also have) the pricker1871
to turn up rough1872
to get the needle1874
to blaze up1878
to get wet1898
spunk1898
to see red1901
to go crook1911
to get ignorant1913
to hit the ceiling1914
to hit the roof1921
to blow one's top1928
to lose one's rag1928
to lose one's haira1930
to go up in smoke1933
hackle1935
to have, get a cob on1937
to pop (also blow) one's cork1938
to go hostile1941
to go sparec1942
to do one's bun1944
to lose one's wool1944
to blow one's stack1947
to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950
rear1953
to get on ignorant1956
to go through the roof1958
to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964
to lose ita1969
to blow a gasket1975
to throw a wobbler1985
1900 J. K. Jerome Three Men on Bummel xiii. 292 I began, as the American expression is, to see things red.]
1901 ‘L. Malet’ Hist. Richard Calmady i. v. 39 Happily violence is shortlived, only for a very little while do even the gentlest persons ‘see red’.
1923 Daily Mail 19 June 15 It maddened me, I think, and I saw red—and before I knew what I was doing I stabbed him.
1977 Daily Mirror 15 Mar. 2 (heading) MPs see red over soaring prices.
2001 S. Armitage Little Green Man (2002) iii. 11 If he ever saw red it was best to stand well back.
P9. reds under the bed and variants: denoting an exaggerated or obsessive fear of the presence and harmful influence of communist sympathizers in a particular society, institution, etc. Also attributive: designating an outbreak of such a fear.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > fear of communism
reds under the bed1927
1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 165/1 The marvel is that the organs of capitalism..should still see Reds under the bed.
1932 Vidette-Messenger (Valparaiso, Indiana) 24 Oct. 6/5 The red is almost invisible in the present presidential race and we had hoped that this would stop the hysterical who have been seeing reds under every bed and in every closet.
1952 Mason City (Iowa) Globe-Gaz. 23 Aug. 10/1 Seeing reds under every bed certainly is not as bad as the opposite assumption, namely, that there is no Communist problem.
1972 Times 24 May 16/3 This sort of ‘reds under the bed’ scare..could only be counter-productive.
2004 Prediction Apr. 74/1 America and the rest of the western world were in such a state during the 1950s and 1960s, due to the Cold War. ‘Reds under the bed’ was the order of the day.
P10. better dead than red: used to express unconditional opposition to communism, esp. in the context of a possible nuclear war. Also better red than dead: used esp. by opponents of nuclear weapons to warn against uncompromising opposition to communism. [Compare German lieber tot als rot, which is frequently posited as the model for the English phrase (and is sometimes asserted to have been coined by Josef Goebbels during the Second World War), although there is no evidence that it in fact antedates the English use.]
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1958 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 1 Aug. d64/1 The popular phrase ‘better red than dead’ has lost what appeal it ever had.
1961 Times 14 Aug. 6/1 I cannot believe that it is proper for a Bishop of the Church to encourage the idea which is commonly expressed in the formula ‘Better dead than red’.
1981 Times 3 Mar. 13/2 Anything is better than the horrors of nuclear war;..better red than dead.
1992 Publishers Weekly Summer 100/3 (heading) Better Dead Than Red!: A Nostalgic Look at the Golden Years of Russiaphobia, Red-Baiting, and Other Commie Madness.
P11. (both) red and expert: (in China) designating a loyal communist who possesses professional or technical expertise. [After Chinese yòu hóng yòu zhuān (Mao Zedong 1957; < yòu..yòu both..and + hóng red + zhuān expert, specialist).]
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1958 Times 18 Mar. 9/3 Change..from bourgeois intellectuals into working-class intellectuals who are both ‘red’ and expert.
1972 J. Dreyer in R. A. Scalapino Elites in People's Republic China 430 The Party's task was to expand this..elite which was both Red and expert.
2002 Theory & Society 31 491 Most of them have the outside appearance of being ‘red and expert’.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.
a. With nouns, forming compounds used attributively as adjectives.
(a) gen. Cf. also red brick n. and adj.
red-blood adj. filled with or characterized by spirit and vigour; instinctive; earthy. Cf. red-blooded adj. 2.
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1915 J. London Let. 5 Nov. (1966) 463 I go ahead content to be admired for my red-blood brutality.
1925 V. Woolf Common Reader 262 The high-brow public and the red-blood public.
1943 W. Lewis Let. 8 Aug. (1963) 360 The vulgarly red-blood American attitude (the lady and gentlemen complex).
1976 A. J. Russell Pour Hemlock (1979) ii. 19 I'm not their kind of people... This is a Redblood administration, I'm a Mollycoddle.
2007 Irish Times 12 Mar. 12 I didn't like England because I was a kneejerk redblood patriot from the time I could run.
† red-bonnet adj. Obsolete rare that wears a red hat or cap.
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society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > symbol of revolution
bonnet rouge1793
red flag1806
red-bonnet1825
1825 tr. G. Patin Let. in Times 27 Oct. 3/1 So much for these red bonnet gentlemen—vere Cardinales isti sunt carnales.
1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings I. xi. 83 We obeyed the call of our red-bonnet guide.
red-diaper adj. U.S. (also with capital initial) designating or relating to the children of radical left-wing (esp. communist) parents.
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1965 Chicago Tribune 29 Aug. i. 16/1 In the forefront of the student rebellion are second generation Communists, known as ‘red diaper babies’, whose parents are party professionals.
1984 Social Text No. 9 –10. 277 Without the vague discontent, less articulated but wider and perhaps also ultimately deeper than the dissipated 50s bohemianism or the small if potent subculture of the red diaper left, the 60s as we know them would never have happened.
2002 N.Y. Mag. 30 Sept. 55/1 Folk music is this New York thing. It was around, and not just like Judy Collins and Peter, Paul & Mary, songs they sang in the red-diaper summer camps.
red-roof adj. rare that proceeds from a roof covered with red tiles.
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1913 D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 33 The subtle, steady rush..of advancing God..Is heard..In the tapping haste of a fallen leaf, In the flapping of red-roof smoke.
red-silk adj. made of red silk.
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1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 360 There they change their habits, and put on a red silk robe, a white hat, with like feathers vpon a linnen cap, and white Gloues.
1785 in W. S. Seton-Karr & H. D. Sandeman Select. Calcutta Gaz. (1864) I. 90 Her clothes were then taken off, and a red silk covering (a saurry) put upon her.
1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing i, in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 465/2 The little red silk cottage piano.
1986 G. C. Wolfe Colored Museum (1988) 58 Florance: red silk smoking jacket..white dress shirt (front only)..black tux pants.
red-throat adj. rare having a red throat.
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1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 52 The red-throat jay screamed not for nought.
(b) In the names of animals and plants.
† red-bar parrot n. Obsolete rare. a parrot (not identified).
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1811 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 510 Red-Bar Parrot. Psittacus signatus... It is said to be a native of Brazil.
† red bead snake n. Obsolete rare the corn snake, Elaphe guttata.
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1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 502 Red Bead Snake. Coluber Guttatus... A native of Carolina.
red bead tree n. Caribbean either of two leguminous trees with ornamental red seeds which are used as beads: †(a) Ormosia jamaicensis (subfamily Faboideae), also called bead-tree (obsolete); (b) red sandalwood, Adenanthera pavonina (subfamily Mimosoideae).
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1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 298 The Red-Bead Tree... The seeds are pretty large, and well marked with a proportioned black spot.
1909 W. Harris in West Indian Bull. 9 311 Red-Bead Tree (Adenanthera pavonina, Linn.)... The scarlet seeds, known as Circassian seeds, are used for making necklaces, etc.
1972 C. D. Adams Flowering Plants Jamaica 337 A[denanthera] pavonina... Circassian Seed, Red Bead Tree... Rather common, planted as a shade tree and naturalized.
red bead vine n. chiefly Caribbean jequirity, Abrus precatorius, bearing red seeds which are used as beads (see jequirity n.).
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1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 297 Red-Bead Vine... The seeds are of a very beautiful scarlet colour with a black spot on one side.
1812 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Sept. 79 The red necklaces in question must not be confounded with those made of pimento, or those of the fruit of the red bead vine, abrus precatorius.
1972 C. D. Adams Flowering Plants Jamaica 367 A[brus] precatorius... Crab's Eyes, Red Bead Vine, Wild Liquorice... Common, in thickets, hedgerows, and on fences, mostly in rather dry areas.
† red clay moth n. Obsolete rare a small noctuid moth (not identified).
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1840 S. Hereman Gardener's Libr. II. 186 Graphiphora Festiva, Primrose Moth... Red Clay Moth.
† red-dye bark n. Obsolete rare the bark of a Central American tree (not identified) yielding a red dye.
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1704 Nat. Hist. vii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 222 Red-dye Bark. Because it's used in dying that colour, by boiling it in water.
red-ink plant n. Virginian pokeweed, Phytolacca americana.
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1860 G. Bennett Gatherings of Naturalist in Austral. xvii. 329 The Virginian Poke, or Red-ink Plant of the colonists (Phytolacca decandra), is abundant in the vicinity of Sydney in every waste place, and is of rapid growth.
1893 F. T. Dana How to know Wild Flowers (ed. 3) 92 Pokeweed... The berries serve as food for the birds... From their dark juice arose the name of ‘red-ink plant’, which is common in some places.
1993 in T. Coffey Hist. & Folklore N. Amer. Wildflowers 36/1 Pokeweed. Phytolacca americana... Poke, Poke-root, Red-Ink-Plant, Redweed.
red-line quaker n. a Eurasian quaker moth, Agrochola lota, which has a red-edged line on the forewing.
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1880 O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidoptera 266 Orthosia lota, Linn. The Red Line Quaker.
1984 B. Skinner Moths Brit. Isles 116/2 Red-line Quaker Agrochola lota Clerck... Resident. Comes to light, sugar, and ivy blossom.
† red-spot tussock n. (also red-spot tussock-moth) Obsolete the vapourer moth, Orgyia antiqua.
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1773 Wilkes' Eng. Moths & Butterflies (new ed.) i. i. 30 The Red-Spot Tussock-Moth. The caterpillars are very common, feeding on on most Elm and Lime Trees about Town.
1840 S. Hereman Gardener's Libr. II. 165 Orgya Antiqua, Common Vapourer Moth... Red Spot Tussock.
† red-throat lizard n. Obsolete rare the Jamaican giant anole, Anolis garmani.
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1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. i. 242 Red-Throat Lizard. Laceria Bullaris.
b. Modifying the names of other colours, forming compound adjectives or nouns.Compounds of this type are already attested in Old English, as rēad-basu (adjective) red-purple, rēad purpura (noun) red-purple (see quot. OE for red-purple n. and adj.).
red-black n. and adj.
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c1450 Bk. Marchalsi (Harl. 6398) (1973) f. 25 (MED) Hys mowthe shal be ȝelu-red..Take out hys tonge, and þou shalt fynd it red-blak aforn at þe ende.
1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain III. iv. xi. 256 Vitreous red black and horned native silver.
1954 San Antonio (Texas) Express 25 Apr. (advt.) 2 f/1 Handsewn shade in red-black.
1991 Sky Warriors 1 ii. 5/1 Some Vampire Mk 6s, sporting a high-visibility red-black paint scheme, even continued flying until 1991.
red-brown n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown
russet1422
red-brown?a1450
reddish-brown1530
sorrel1530
mordoré1791
alezan1820
mahogany1822
henna1911
teak1934
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > reddish brown
russet1428
reddish-brown1530
sorrel1534
berry-brown1575
sored1587
russetish1600
Chelidonian1601
weaselled-coloured1607
deer-coloured1611
spadiceous1646
russeted1654
testaceous1688
russety1697
mahoganya1744
red-brown1786
reddy-brown1845
fusco-testaceous1847
mahogany-brown1881
persimmon1897
?a1450 Metrical Life Christ (1977) 76 Þer come doun from þe lifte A wonder maner of light; A man..schuld trowe..hit were a lowe, And glidered amonge hem right Rede broun somdele bright.
1579 Edinb. Test. VII. f. 205v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Red(e Ane reid broun hors ane blak meir.
1676 C. Cotton Compl. Angler vii The hair..turns to a red brown.
1786 R. Burns Poems 211 Her moors red-brown wi' heather bells.
1884 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 May 273/1 The rich red-brown canvas of a gliding wherry.
1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 207 The warm sound of the clarinet..calls up the idea of red brown.
† red-fallow n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > brownish red
rufe?c1400
red-fallowc1425
colour-de-roy1531
roy1549
red roan1639
rubiginy1657
rust1716
brick-red1759
brick-dust red1776
morone1777
maroon1779
rufous1783
brick1793
tile-red1805
brick dusta1807
worm red1831
cinnamon-red1882
chaudron1883
rosewood1897
tony1921
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > yellowish red
red-fallowc1425
claret1648
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 62 (MED) Of alle maner of greihoundes þer byn booth good and euel; Naþelees þe best hewe is rede falow wiþ a blak moselle.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xx. 51 Those which are of a liuely redde fallowe, which haue lightly a little blacke or browne liste vpon the rydge of their backe.
1683 London Gaz. No. 1800/4 Lost.., a red fallow Colour'd dun Bull-Bitch,..with a black Muzle under-hung.
red-golden adj.
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?1583 J. Hester tr. Paracelsus et al. Hundred & Fouretene Experim. f. 55v The Quintaessence doeth ascend, in a red golden colour.
1858 W. Morris King Arthur's Tomb 37 For Launcelot's red-golden hair would play, Instead of sunlight, on the painted wall.
2003 F. Mathewes-Green Open Door i. ii. 50 Her figure makes a large dark triangle, like a stormy wave, against the red-golden background.
red-orange n. and adj.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > orange > [adjective] > reddish orange
red-orange1678
hyacinth1694
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. xvii. §iv. 189 The covert-feathers, which..in the Mavis are yellow, in this kind are of a red Orange-colour.
1704 J. Flamsteed Let. 15 Nov. in I. Newton Corr. (1967) IV. 425 Whiteness..being mixed with ye prismaticall blue it makes green with ye Red Orange.
1879 O. N. Rood Mod. Chromatics 45 All the red-orange hues are represented.
1997 Nature Conservancy Nov. 25/2 A red-orange sea fan twice my height undulates in cool currents.
red-pink n. and adj.
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a1740 B. Lens New & Compleat Drawing-bk. (1751) 32 Boil it till it taste strong on the Tongue, and make a good Red, Pink Colour.]
1829 W. E. Horner Treat. Pathol. Anat. xi. 166 Very great vascular fulness internally, giving a red pink colour along the routs of the anterior fasciculi of nerves.
1880 E. Glaister Needlework ix. 101 If the flowers be another colour than yellow, say red-pink, or blue, the darning may be the same colour.
1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) xv. 268 The pharmacy had large old-fashioned globes of coloured liquid, red-pink like Corsican wine and transparent blue-green.
1988 W. Horwood Duncton Quest xxi. 293 The shoots of rosebay willowherb..would, once summer came, rise into their full red-pink glory.
red-purple n. and adj.
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OE Glosses to Boethius (Corpus Cambr. 214) in W. C. Hale Edition & Codicol. Study CCCC MS 214 (Ph.D. diss., Univ. Pennsylvania) (1978) 310 Gemmis..rubentis purpurae : gimmum..þæs readan purpuran.]
?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 166 Ipia maior..beryth a flour lyk red purpyl.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xliii. 201 Of the Orenge colour, and redde purple Lillies.
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 999 Why should not the black be the Blat [moth] colour, rather than red purple colours?
1792 H. Munro Compend. Syst. Mod. Surg. 32 [Erysipelas] is a diffused red purple swelling, which spreads itself irregularly over the skin.
1851 Southern Planter (Richmond, Va.) July 197/2 Improved Red Purple Straw on corn land.
1992 Gourmet Feb. 152/1 The red-purple berry of the lillypilly tree was also enjoyed, he said, most likely eaten out of hand.
red-scarlet n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs
madderOE
grain1335
alkanet1343
Brazilc1386
crop-maddera1399
red-scarletc1400
alcanna?a1425
lac?c1425
madder root?c1450
incarnationa1475
jarecork1483
orchil1483
mull1507
orcanet1548
Bristol-red1551
red sanders1553
cochineal1582
safflower1583
chay1588
Pernambuco1595
red sanderswood1598
redwood1634
peach woodc1638
scarlet1653
mesteque1667
bow-dye1676
sylvester1697
corkir1703
gamene1703
orchilla1703
crap1721
saffranon1731
kino1788
Turkey red1789
lizary1791
granilla1812
munjeet1813
rubiate1835
orcein1838
purpurin1839
ruby wood1843
sassafrid1852
aal1853
pink salt1853
magenta1860
fuchsine1865
paeonin1865
safranine1868
corallin1873
marina1874
Magdala red1875
alizarin1878
eosin1879
Turkey red oil1879
roccelline1880
ponceau1885
amarant1888
phloxine1890
hypernic1897
Turkish red1900
Lithol red1930
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. ii. 15 (MED) Hire robe was ful riche of red scarlet engreyned.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xii. 93b A high topped cappe, died of redde scarlet.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2149/4 A Red Scarlet Cloak..delivered to a wrong Party by Mr. Capers at the Bells of Osney.
1761 Adultery Anatomized II. 6 The said Robert Fielding, Esq; did buy a pair of red scarlet gloves for a woman, and a pair of white gloves for himself.
1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 982 When ripe the fruit splits open at the top, displaying the bright red scarlet interior.
2006 Nation (Kenya) (Nexis) 6 Dec. Clad in a flowing red scarlet silk robe, sashes and a royal horsehair wig, the judge evokes awe and respect.
† red-sore adj. [sore adj.2] Obsolete
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a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 2398 Efte come another stede..that was rede-sore.
red-white adj.
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1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xviii. sig. Y4 A white-red face, whose red-white colour striv'd To make anatomy of either place.
1782 Monthly Rev. 67 223 The matter was kept in a strong red-white heat for about a quarter of an hour.
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 691 The crucible being slowly raised to a red-white heat, affords a fused liquid.
1920 J. Masefield Enslaved 9 Little red-white blossoms flecked me.
1999 Alumnus (National Univ. of Singapore) July 37/3 One frequently meets youngsters with red-white crosses (resembling the Danish flag) painted on their faces.
red-yellow n. and adj.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > reddish yellow
red-yellowa1578
red-gold1838
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 258 He had nothing on his heid bot syde reid ȝallow hair.
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 116 As the fresh red-yellow Apple dangles..on the Tree.
1769 J. Berkenhout Outl. Nat. Hist. Great Brit. & Ireland I. 48 Redwing... Sides and under Coverts of the Wings red-yellow.
1879 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1 86 We mount a low cliff of red-yellow sandstone, blackened here and there with oxide.
a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) v. xii. 241 I distinctly noticed the red-yellow flashes from his parallel Spandau guns.
1994 Dog World June 51/3 Fawn: A brown, red-yellow with hue of medium brilliance.
c. Forming parasynthetic adjectives.
(a) gen. See also red-bearded adj., red-blooded adj., red-cheeked adj., red-coated adj., red-eyed adj., red-handed adj., etc.
red-armed adj.
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1755 G. Colman & B. Thornton Connoisseur I. 146 The red-armed Belles that appear in the Park every Sunday.
2003 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 5 July (Travel section) 3 We're joined by a red-armed, white-chested man in jeans.
red-belted adj.
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1797 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Insects VI. 35 Plate CXCV. Sphinx Zonata. Red-belted Sphinx. Lepidoptera.
2006 Herald News (Passaic County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 22 May c1 Clad in red-belted shorts and red baseball caps.
red-bordered adj.
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1796 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. V. 313 Flowers solitary..with a pair of heartshaped, red-bordered bracteæ.
1995 C. B. Divakaruni Arranged Marriage (1997) 210 The red-bordered sari wrapped around her slight, girlish form.
red-carpeted adj.
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1849 H. Raikes Marriage Contract I. viii. 118 With Valérie, I used to trip up the red carpeted staircase.
1991 Time 3 June 29/3 A woman..pushed her way forward to the red-carpeted greeting queue and handed him a garland.
red-checked adj.
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1762 Ann Reg. 1761 73/1 He then sent a red checked handkerchief to Lee, by a person present, saying , he had promised it for a token.
1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman Wisdom of Bones ii. 33 The occasional, red-ochered Masai warrior, strutting in a red-checked shuku, or cloak.
red-chequered adj.
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1792 T. Forrest Voy. Calcutta 79 Cotton cloth..which they export;..it is red chequered and mixed with blue.
2004 Times (Nexis) 22 May (Mag. section) 77 A New York Italian restaurant meant red-chequered tablecloths, spaghetti and meatballs, and Dean Martin.
red-clayed adj.
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1860 J. Parton Life A. Jackson I. viii. 102 A pleasant old town in the midst of that undulating, red-clayed region of North Carolina.
2001 Englera No. 23. 98 I found this species on nearly every dry riverbank and near every waterhole on sandy soil or red clayed loam.
red-cloaked adj.
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1790 T. Wilkinson Mem. Own Life III. 56 My imitations were..little understood by the red-cloaked ladies in the front-boxes.
2008 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 8 Feb. Their slim, red-cloaked frames appear in travel posters.
red-coloured adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective]
redeOE
reodeOE
ruddya1398
reddy?c1400
purple1415
rougea1425
redly1486
gules1503
red-coloured1547
guly1592
blushing1597
angrya1616
rubric1623
minious1646
nacarinea1648
ruddle1649
rubriform1704
carbuncly?1730
blushful1804
envermeiled1822
ablush1852
flammulated1872
pyrrhous1890
1547 R. Record Judic. Uryne 47 In bygnesse of a small fatche, and red coloured, which you mai cal therfore red fatches, bycause of their lykenesse.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Tainct, a kinde of red-coloured spider so called, and found in the Summer-time.
1997 J. Bowker World Relig. 38/1 Festival-goers indulge in a spirit of playfulness,..and throw red-coloured water and red powder at each other.
red-combed adj.
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1570 J. Phillip in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 526 Some wish the redcombde bird might crow.
1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 104 Lest the redcombed dragon slumber.
2000 E. F. Gordon Mockingbird Years i. 33 Red-combed roosters in rectangular broken-lined enclosures.
red-curtained adj.
ΚΠ
1833 T. Hook Widow viii, in Love & Pride I. 227 The red-curtained bar—the sanded passage—the larder, lined with Dutch tiles..these were the leading landmarks of the place.
1999 L. X. H. Lee & S. Wiles Women of Long March ii. vi. 162 She described..the actors strutting larger than life across red-curtained stages lit by hanging iron lamps.
red-eaved adj. rare
ΚΠ
1853 ‘F. Fern’ Fern Leaves from Fanny's Port-folio 359 Jeremiah and his daughter Xantippe were sole tenants of the red-eaved house.
1987 China Urban Statistics 28 This blue-tiled, red-eaved temple is typical of classic Chinese architecture, decorated with colourful paintings and artistic carvings.
red-edged adj.
ΚΠ
1704 Nat. Hist. ix, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 244 Rededg'd flouring Cane.
2007 Deseret Morning News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 10 Aug. Dark-brown rice..fried with veggies, egg and loads of red-edged Chinese-style pork.
red-ensigned adj.
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1892 D. B. W. Sladen Japs at Home xxvi. 283 In the distance looms the harbour of Yokohama, full of the mighty red-ensigned steamers of the England he pined for night and day.
1997 Pulse (Nexis) 18 Oct. 120 Three weeks later a TV reporter is pictured on the bucking deck of a red-ensigned aircraft carrier in mid-Pacific.
red-feathered adj.
ΚΠ
1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility ii. 152 My name I have from my red-feathered coat.
2001 K. Fassett Passionate Patchwork 36/2 The rich red feathered robes of the Pacific island cultures spring to mind.
red-fisted adj.
ΚΠ
1775 W. Donaldson Agric. 115 His red-fisted drudge.
2001 P. LaFarge Haussmann i. 6 A motherless child..remains undeveloped, red-fisted, wailing.
red-flecked adj.
ΚΠ
1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride iv. i. 46 What mean those swollen and redfleck'd Eyes?
1877 W. Morris Story of Sigurd ii. 98 He devoured the prey, a golden red-flecked trout.
2006 N. J. Klossner & N. Hatfield Introd. Maternity & Pediatric Nursing ix. xxxv. 836/2 Vomiting bright, red-flecked emesis or bright red oozing or bleeding may indicate hemorrhage.
red-fleshed adj.
ΚΠ
?1788 J. Abercrombie Gen. Syst. Trees & Shrubs 14/2 Bloody peach, middle size fruit, deep red towards the sun, and red fleshed.
1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants I. x. 335 The red-fleshed orange..fails to reproduce itself.
1990 B. Neal Biscuits, Spoonbread, & Potato Pie viii. 147 He never had enough of the spicy, red-fleshed Yates apple.
red-flowered adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [adjective] > having flowers or blossom > with specific colouring or marking
blue-flowered1597
red-flowered1629
blue-mantleda1650
rectified1665
well-broke1687
guarded1688
run1725
broken1731
pheasant-eyed1731
red-flowering1731
bizarre1753
run-off1810
unveined1826
self1833
limbate1866
chloranthous1871
albiflorous1879
laced1882
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole lxiii. 324 Red flowred Indian scabious.
1699 tr. M. Ettmüller Etmullerus Abridg'd ii. iii. iv. 552 Take the..Leaves of red flower'd Pimpernel; Flowers of St. John's-wort, of each an handful.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 853/2 P[avia] rubra, often called Red-flowered Horse-chestnut.
1991 Garbage Mar. 52/3 Further up the slope is the red-flowered tree called bottlebrush.
red-furred adj.
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1640 F. Windebanke Let. 6 Dec. in W. Prynne Hidden Workes Darkenes (1645) 128 At my first dis-embarquing here, in my red furred cap, I was taken for my Lords Grace of Canterbury.
1869 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 437/1 Ravenous pursuers, hot on the trail of one small red-furred fugitive.
2006 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 16 Mar. Accompanying her on the visit was a man dressed up as Elmo, the red-furred Muppet.
red-gemmed adj.
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1838 M. Howitt Birds & Flowers 80 The red-gemmed holly they mix also, With the spectral branches of misseltoe.
2001 Tulsa (Oklahoma) World (Nexis) 16 Oct. (caption) Red-gemmed cross necklace..and matching earrings.
red-gilled adj.
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1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iv. v A silver stream, Where thou shalt see the red-gill'd fishes leap.
1784 J. Abercrombie Propagation & Bot. Arrangem. Plants & Trees I. 281 True red-gilled wholesome mushroom.
2007 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 2 June 18 As with all fish, a good example will be bright-eyed and red-gilled.
red-gowned adj.
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1799 W. Scott tr. J. W. von Goethe Goetz of Berlichingen iii. 127 Aha! there comes a red gowned rascal to ask me whether I will be a scoundrel!
2002 F. Weldon Auto da Fay 195 The grey streets were bright with red-gowned students.
red-hatted adj.
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a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) 230 The Red-hatted Vertue's in number but four.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xiii. 222 The boy-cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, youngest of red-hatted fathers.
2000 Daily Tel. 6 Sept. 20/2 Even colorific remarks about the red-hatted lady in row four have to be vetted in advance.
red-hipped adj.
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1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 11 Kill me a red hipt Humble Bee.
1832 New-Eng. Mag. Apr. 327 You had only slain a red-hipped bumble-bee, on the top of a thistle.
2001 R. Peffer Virgin Islands (Lonely Planet) 92/1 The buildings of the town, whitewashed with red-hipped roofs, spread over the narrow coastal plain.
red-labelled adj.
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1849 H. Melville Mardi II. lxxiii. 305 I give to the poor of Vamba the total contents of my red-labeled bags of bicuspids and canines.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vi. [Hades] 93 The redlabelled bottle on the table.
1998 R. Newman Manners 94 Her black-jeaned, red-labelled arse says, ‘Well out of your reach!’
red-lidded adj.
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1881 G. MacDonald Warlock o' Glenwarlock xxv. 359 His eyebrows..above his red-lidded blue eyes.
1978 J. Irving World according to Garp ii. 37 The eyes..as red-lidded and squinty as a pig's.
† red-looked adj. Obsolete
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a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. ii. 37 Let my tongue..neuer to my red-look'd Anger bee The Trumpet any more. View more context for this quotation
red-plumed adj.
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1818 J. Neal Battle of Niagara i. 95 From the saddle, bounds The red-plumed chief.
1992 L. Seepaul in Caribbean Writer 6 82 Soon the scarlet ibis, those lively, red-plumed birds, would be feeding freely.
red-ribbed adj.
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1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. III. xxxviii. 315 The Red and White-ribbed and foliated Oyster, is in shape like the common Oyster.]
1772 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xlii. 186 The red ribbed and furrowed Scollop, with unequal ears, is four inches long.
1992 G. Glazner From Iron Chair i. 26 I pick up a last birch leaf—it's ice-crusted, red-ribbed.
red-rimmed adj.
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1842 J. T. Irving Quod Corr. II. xxiv. 103 A beetle-brow, beneath which glowed a pair of red-rimmed, wrathful eyes.
2002 Sound & Vision May 46/3 Doc's corpse-like pallor served to dramatically offset his bruised lips and red-rimmed eyes.
red-roofed adj.
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a1784 G. A. Stevens Songs, Comic & Satyrical (1788) 37 Awhile within the red-roof'd cot They stood.
2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 110 Tower blocks of a bastardised Bauhaus design, dwarfing and shadowing the red-roofed bungalows of the earlier rich.
red-rusted adj.
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1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 135 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 561 Five tomahawks, wi' blude red-rusted.
1993 H. Rhenisch Out of Interior iv. 59 That old, red-rusted Hardy was pumped dry by three four-inch pistons of frozen steel.
red-scaled adj.
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1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rason, a delicate red-skaled fish.
1787 M. Raper tr. H. M. G. Grellmann Diss. on Gipsies ii. iv. 121 They refrain from some kinds of river fish, viz. the red scaled bream, perch, and lampreys.
1998 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 15 Feb. (Features) 53 Goldfish were first bred from red-scaled fish in the rivers of southern China.
red-screened adj.
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1923 J. M. Bird My Psychic Adventures ix. 147 The red-screened lamp..had a switch for turning it on and off.
2001 Daily News Los Angeles (Nexis) 23 Apr. n1 A red-screened, building-size banner of Robinson's mug that resembles something straight out of Stalinist Russia.
red-shirted adj.
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1831 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 796/2 The quiet, hard-worked, red-shirted merchant seaman.
2001 Locus June 69/1 More science-fictionally, the automatic fate..will strike down any red-shirted security person.
red-snooded adj. now rare
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1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems 11 The red-snooded Phrygian girls.
1926 L. E. Gielgud Red Soil ix. 121 That same red-snooded girl who had danced on the altar in the church.
† red-sored adj. [see sore adj.2, sored adj.1] Obsolete
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c1460 Ipomedon (Longleat) (1889) 344 (MED) A reid knight..sat on a reid-sored stede.
red-striped adj.
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1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) x. f. 123v Full of trees with goodly frute red stryped, Ortyards whole.
1740 A. Collins Hist. John of Gaunt 32 William de Latymer, As Almoner, cover'd the Way..with red striped Cloth, for the King, and others to walk on.
2004 BBC Gardeners' World Dec. 101/1 Then there are double-flowered varieties like red-striped ‘Dancing Queen’.
red-tied adj.
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1907 Times 6 Nov. 7/5 Socialists were a predatory gang of red-tied filibusterers.
1993 Community Press (Ont.) 28 Dec. (Eastern ed.) 4/2 The red-tied hordes swept into offices occupied since time immemorial by the Blue Meanies.
red-tiled adj.
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1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 51 A rooff covered with them [sc. blue slates] is of an equall colour, when as red tiled roofs the least breaking of them makes great chargeable work for the Tiler.
2003 B. Trapido Frankie & Stankie iii. 54 She polishes the red-tiled stoep. She never shows signs of exhaustion.
red-toothed adj.
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1847 Blackwood's Mag. Sept. 331/1 Son and heir of the red-toothed monarch already described.
2008 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 18 Jan. pa46 A struggle between the red-toothed forces of Darwinian capital and rapacious evangelism.
red-trousered adj.
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1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings II. xlv. 52 The red-trousered and armed kervas, at the door of the kiosk..motioned to a boy to show us the interior.
2006 D. Stone Fighting for Fatherland ii. xiii. 213 The red-trousered regulars and blue-trousered Gardes Nationales pressed forward side by side.
red-wattled adj.
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1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 16 The other was a punchy, florid, red-wattled human cock-bird.
2006 Newcastle (Austral.) Herald (Nexis) 20 Feb. 9 The silver-haired, red-wattled face that inspired the fading ‘Menzies Out!’ graffiti.
(b) Designating or relating to animals characterized by a red coloration, esp. in the names of particular animals.
(i)
† red-blotted adj. Obsolete rare
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1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1952 The red-blotted Carolina Crab.
red-bodied adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > markings or colourings > [adjective] > red- or rust-coloured
red-bodied1752
rubiginous1809
1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 27 The great red-bodied Spider, with the white cross.
1840 S. Hereman Gardener's Libr. II. 168 Megachile Ligniseca. Carpenter Bee... Red-bodied Bee.—Red Carpenter Bee.
1911 Amer. Naturalist 45 711 A black Angus bred to a white-faced, red-bodied Hereford will produce a calf with a white face and a black body.
1995 New Scientist 25 Mar. 11/3 The toxin is taking its toll on at least two other species of butterfly—the big greasy (Cressida cressida) and the red-bodied swallowtail (Pachliopta polydorus).
red-crowned adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > having bird's head > with appendage or crest > of particular colour
red-crested1633
golden-crowned1678
red-crowned1763
1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. II. p. v Fly-catcher, red-crowned.
1816 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. IX. ii. 446 Red-Crowned Finch (Fringilla ruticapilla).
1876 Nature 17 Aug. 339/1 Dicœum rubro-coronatum (Red-crowned Flower-pecker).
1965 Austral. Encycl. VII. 112 Particularly striking are the..king pigeon..and its smaller associates the..red-crowned, and purple-crowned pigeons.
2005 Parrots Apr. 21/1 Confusingly, the name Red-crowned Parrot is also given to Jardine's parrot and the Green-cheeked Amazon.
red-finned adj. [compare redfin n.]
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the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [adjective] > having fin(s) > having red fins
red-finned1746
1746 R. Griffiths Ess. Jurisdict. Thames 193 The Red-finned Eel.
1803 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 413 Red-Finned Sparus. Sparus Erythropterus... Native of Japan.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 210 Red-finned-herrings are known as wine drinkers in Scotland.
2006 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 12 Feb. (House & Home) 4 The boy whoops with excitement as another brave, bristling, red-finned perch is dragged aboard.
red-fronted adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular or same colour feathers > on particular part
red-breasted1609
white-breasted1625
yellow-bellied1674
strawberry-breasted1688
white-fronted1729
blue-backed1752
blue-bellied1753
black-bellied1764
red-backed1766
black-fronted1771
red-fronted1781
blue-collared1788
rose-breasted1801
1781 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 308 Red-fronted Parrot... Inhabits Brasil.
1817 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. X. i. 91 Red-Fronted Swallow. Hirundo rufifrons.
1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo iv. 61 The mongoose lemur, the black lemur, and the red-fronted lemur take to diurnal habits very easily.
2004 A. C. Watkins Conure Handbk. ii. 18/1 Red-fronted conures..have large green bodies with bright red feathers on their heads and faces.
red-hooded adj.
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1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 466 Red-Hooded Parrakeet. Psittacus capitatus.
1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) II. 351 I have also seen the red-hooded woodpecker..clinging on a rail of the fence.
1996 Urologic Oncol. 2 111/1 Albino-, yellow-, and red-hooded offspring were discarded and black-hooded rats were used.
red-specked adj.
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1860 P. H. Gosse Actinologia Brit. 198 The Red-specked Pimplet, Banodes Ballii.
1915 G. A. Cleveland Maine in Verse & Story 36 (heading) When the red specked trout are running up stream.
2004 G. Speichert & S. Speichert Encycl. Water Garden Plants vii. 183/2 Echinodorus schlueter... ‘Leopard’ is a red-specked form, but this is only on new growth and quickly fades.
red-thighed adj.
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1843 J. E. Gray List Specimens Mammalia Brit. Mus. 143 The Lokriah or Red-thighed Squirrel.
1966 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 12 June 18B/9 (advt.) Red thighed Falconets. Tame, can be taught to hunt.
2005 L. Riley & W. Riley Nature's Strongholds 130 Bird specialities include white-backed night herons, red-thighed sparrowhawks, white-spotted flufftails..plus various colorful parrots.
(ii)
red-beaked adj. having a red beak.
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the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [adjective] > having beak or bill > of particular colour
red-billed1625
black-billed1678
red-beaked1758
yellow-billed1773
1758 G. Edwards Gleanings Nat. Hist. I. 58 The Red-beaked Toucan.
1858 New Monthly Mag. 113 427 Overhead float the ‘maw’, or seagull, the red-beaked chalder, and numerous other sea-fowls.
1931 Discovery Mar. 87/1 Black-headed gulls, the little red-legged, red-beaked sea birds so familiar to Londoners.
1994 R. Gunesekera Reef (1998) 17 Red-beaked parrots and yellow-eared salaleenas came and sang in the garden.
red-beaked hornbill n. the red-billed hornbill, Tockus erythrorhynchus.
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?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. VII. 174 The Red-beaked Hornbill.
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. 613 He put his arm into the hole, and brought out a Tockus or red-beaked hornbill.
1982 Jrnl. Parasitol. 68 1142 Tockus erythrorhynchus (red-beaked hornbill), a common bird in Senegal.
† red-beamed adj. Obsolete rare marked with radiating red lines.
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1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1953 The red Beam'd Jamaica Muscle... The dead shells are white and shining, the others have red beams, which shoot from the hinge and are broader at the edges.
red-belted clearwing n. either of two European clearwing moths, Synanthedon myopaeformis and S. culiciformis, having a red belt of colour around the middle of the body.
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1880 O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidoptera 39 Sesia myopiformis, Bork. The Red-belted Clearwing. Sesia culiciformis, Linn. The Large Red-belted Clearwing.
1961 R. South Moths Brit. Isles (new ed.) II. 345 (heading) The Red-belted Clearwing (Aegeria myopaeformis Borkh.).
2005 Communications Agric. & Appl. Biol. Sci. 70 (title) Efficacy of some insecticides against the small red belted clearwing borer.
red-chested adj. having a red chest.
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1837 J. Gould Birds Europe IV. Pl. 299 Red-chested Dotterel... Charadrius pyrrhothorax.
1988 Animal Behaviour 36 55 (title) The response of red-chested moustached tamarins to long calls from their natal and alien populations.
red-chested cuckoo n. an African cuckoo, Cuculus solitarius, whose distinctive three-note call is regarded as a harbinger of spring in South Africa, and which is a brood parasite of thrushes, robins, and chats; cf. piet-my-vrou n.
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1905 W. L. Sclater in W. Flint & J. D. F. Gilchrist Sci. in S. Afr. 141 The Red-chested Cuckoo (C. solitarius) called the ‘Piet myn Vrouw’ by the Dutch from its voice, which consists of three clear notes in the descending chromatic scale.
1971 K. B. Newman Birdlife in S. Afr. (1979) 178 The Red-chested Cuckoo..is a common and vociferous summer visitor to Southern Africa.
2001 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 268 565 We measured museum collections of eggs of the red-chested cuckoo and its hosts.
red-cockaded woodpecker n. a black and white woodpecker of the south-eastern United States, Picoides borealis, the male of which has two small red tufts of feathers on the sides of the head.
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1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 103 Red-Cockaded Woodpecker, Picus Querulus.
1917 Birds of Amer. II. 144/2 Of the total food of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker over four-fifths is insects.
1990 Animals' Agenda Mar. 35/2 Hurricane Hugo..destroyed 375 of 591 red-cockaded woodpecker clans in South Carolina.
red-collared adj. having a patch or band of colour on or around the neck.
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1793 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds VI. 124 The long-tailed and collared Parrot of the ancients is the same with the red collared Great Parrakeet of this article.
1837 J. Gould Birds Europe II. Pl. 52 Red-Collared Goatsucker... Caprimulgus ruficollis.
1964 M. Sharland Territory of Birds 36 The gaudy Red-collared Parrots, usually referred to around Darwin as `blue bonnets', have, as the name suggests, heads of rich blue, fringed with a scarlet collar.
2002 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 269 2141/1 Territorial red-collared widowbirds E. ardens.
red-collared lorikeet n. a rainbow lorikeet of the subspecies Trichoglossus haematodus rubritorquis, of northern Australia, which has an orange-red collar that extends to the breast.
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1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. V. Pl. 49 Trichoglossus rubritorquis..Red-collared lorikeet... The Red-collared Lorikeet is by far the most beautiful bird of the two, and indeed in the splendour of its colouring is second to no member of its group.
1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 75 The red-collared lorikeet..inhabits the North-west, the Northern Territory and the Gulf country of North Queensland.
2000 Jrnl. Biogeogr. 27 859 (table) Nectarivores. Red-collared lorikeet... Varied lorikeet.
† red-horned owl n. Obsolete rare = red owl n. at Compounds 1e(b)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Strigiformes or owl > [noun] > family Strigidae > genus Strix > strix ocellata
mottled owl1781
red owl1785
red-horned owl1809
1809 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VII. i. 229 Red-Horned Owl, Strix Asio.
red-kneed dotterel n. a black, brown, and white Australian plover, Charadrius cinctus, having greyish legs which are red around the knees.
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1903 Emu 2 212 Red-kneed Dottrel (Erythrogonys cinctus)—This smart-looking Dottrel is fairly common from December to May.
1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 102 The red-kneed dotterel..really is a wattled plover without the wattle.
1999 Biol. Conservation 88 237/2 Five red-kneed dotterels and two red-capped plovers were seen during ground counts.
red-kneed tarantula n. a large, Mexican mygalomorph spider, Brachypelma smithi (family Theraphosidae), having orange-red patches on the legs, which is popular as a pet but now endangered in the wild.
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1983 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 9 June Britain's Roman Snail..is in danger of extirpation... The same reportedly is true of the pygmy hog-sucking louse, the red-kneed tarantula, and the Penitent Mussel.
2007 Canad. Geographic July 86/1 The family room now houses his menagerie of unusual pets..: the spiky-backed bearded dragon.., the baby hognose snakes, the red-kneed tarantula.
red-knobbed adj. having a red knob or knobs.
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1713 J. Petiver Aquatilium Animalium Amboinæ 3/1 Red Knobbed Trumpet [shell].
1950 Condor 52 128 The Coconut and Cardinal lories..and Red-knobbed Pigeon (Ducula rubricera) frequent both the jungle and the coconut groves.
1994 Nature Conservancy Jan. 8/2 The two areas..are home to numerous endangered species, including the babirusa, anoa, Sulawesi civet, red-knobbed hornbill and maleo fowl.
red-knobbed coot n. an African coot, Fulica cristata, having a pair of red knobs on the forehead, above the white frontal shield; also called crested coot.
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1957 G. R. McLachlan & R. Liversidge Roberts's Birds S. Afr. (rev. ed.) 111 Red-knobbed Coot... Fulica cristata.
1977 S. Afr. Panorama Oct. 25 The sanctuary is mainly a heronry, but one can also see..red-knobbed coots, better known in South Africa as ‘bleshoenders’.
2004 Seminars in Avian & Exotic Pet Med. 13 177/1 A crested (or red-knobbed) coot (F. cristata) died of DVE in a recent outbreak in Spain.
† red-listed adj. Obsolete rare having red stripes (cf. listed adj.1 2).
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1704 Nat. Hist. iii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 202 The Red-listed Pearch..has large Silver Scales with a scarlet gloss.
red-naped adj. having a red nape to the neck or red coloration at the back of the head.
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1787 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds Suppl. I. 66 Red-naped Parrakeet.
1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 543 Red-Naped Parrot, Psittacus nuchalis.
1927 Bulletin (Sydney) 3 Nov. 24/2 A handsome little wriggler is the red-naped or scarlet-spotted snake (Pseudelaps diadema).
1999 A. Walker Encycl. Falconry 32/2 The Barbary falcon..and the red-naped shaheen should be regarded as..distinct species.
red-naped sapsucker n. a woodpecker of western North America, Sphyrapicus nuchalis, having a red patch of colour on the back of the head.Formerly regarded as a race of the yellow-bellied sapsucker, S. varius.
ΚΠ
1886 Auk 3 114 Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis. Red naped Sapsucker.—See Auk, I, Jan. 1884, p. 100.
1917 Birds of Amer. II. 150 The Yellow-bellied Sapsucker and its western variant, the Red-naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis), are the most migratory of all the Woodpeckers.
1996 Auk 113 151 The Red-naped Sapsucker was observed to flycatch without gliding.
red-shafted flicker n. a woodpecker of western North America, now regarded as a variety of the common or northern flicker (esp. of the subspecies Colaptes auratus cafer), having pale red plumage under the wings and tail.
ΚΠ
1848 J. W. Abert in W. H. Emory Notes Mil. Reconnaissance 437 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Exec. Doc. 41) IV To-day I again saw the red shafted flickers, and endeavored to get a shot at them.
1942 E. F. Castetter & W. H. Bell Pima & Papago Agric. 214 This dried tobacco might be stored in real bird nests kept in the house, but often in a cavity made by the red-shafted flicker..in a sahuaro tree.
2000 Evolution 54 1781/2 Yellow-shafted..and red-shafted flickers..appear to mate randomly.
red-shafted woodpecker n. = red-shafted flicker n.
ΚΠ
1831 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. IV. 245 Red-Shafted Woodpecker. Colaptes Mexicanus.
1880 News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 23 Dec. 1/4 The last member of this family is the red-shafted or Mexican woodpecker.
1948 Brainerd (Minnesota) Daily Disp. 12 Aug. 12/6 The red-shafted woodpecker, or flicker, is considered a game bird in some sections of the United States.
red-sided adj. having red sides.
ΚΠ
1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 490 Red-Sided Parrot. Psittacus lateralis.
1899 W. T. Greene Cage-birds 68 The Red-sided Tit is nearly akin to the Liothrix, which it resembles in many of its ways.
1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 75 The red-winged lory..and the red-sided parrot..both rival the king parrot in colour beauty.
1979 Jrnl. Parasitol. 65 616/2 Red-sided shiners Richardsonius balteatus were seined from the Clark-Fork and Bitterroot Rivers.
red-sided garter snake n. a variety of the garter snake of western North America, esp. of the subspecies Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, having a series of red bars along each side.
ΚΠ
1887 Jrnl. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. July 65 Eutaenia sirtalis parietalis..Red-Sided Garter Snake. Not uncommon about Irvington.
1966 Science 25 Nov. 1029/2 This report is concerned with observations on three species of garter snakes:..the Western plains garter snake; T. sirtalis parietalis, the red-sided garter snake; and..the Great Basin garter snake.
2002 T. Halliday & K. Adler New Encycl. Reptiles & Amphibians 115 (caption) A mating ball of Red-sided garter snakes.
red-vented adj. having red under-tail coverts, or red skin in the region of the cloaca (cf. vent n.2 9b).
ΚΠ
1776 P. Brown Nouvelles Illustr. de Zool. 78 Red-vented Warbler.
1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 481 Red-vented Cockatoo, Psittacus Philippinarum.
1877 Nature 12 July 218/1 Three Red-vented Terrapins (Clemmys rubriventris).
1958 E. T. Gilliard Living Birds of World 323/1 The Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) [is] a bird with a jaunty crest, a white rump patch and bright red under-tail coverts.
1995 Observer Rev. 10 Dec. 7/3 Police and Customs officers..took away two red-vented cockatoos.
† red-waved adj. Obsolete patterned with red wavy lines.
ΚΠ
?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii X. Table 93 Red-Waved, thread-girdled Heart Cockle.
1800 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Shells II. pl. LX Red Waved Bastard Tellen.
(c) Designating or relating to plants characterized by a red coloration, esp. in the names of particular species and varieties of plant.
(i)
red-boled adj. rare
ΚΠ
1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems 201 Those black-topp'd, red-bol'd pine-trees.
1913 Times 19 Sept. 5/7 Winding up through pleasant semi-forest land, where great larches abound and tall red-boled firs, we enter a great rolling weald country.
red-branched adj.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rosmarin sauvage, (the red-branched) wild Rosemarie.
1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum II. xlii. 817 In the first edition of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, it [sc. Cratægus corallina] is called the red-branched hawthorn.
1928 Manitoba (Winnipeg) Free Press 21 Apr. 27/4 Here are the red branched dogwoods, the caragana and many varieties of willows.
2003 Biomolecular Engin. 20 137/2 (caption) The red branched seaweed G[racilaria] tenuistipitata.
red-fruited adj.
ΚΠ
1722 J. Miller Botanicum Officinale 374 Grossularia sylvestris fructû rubro, wild red-fruited Grossularia.
1811 D. Hosack Hortus Elginensis (ed. 2) 57 Trillium erythrocarpum Mich. Trillium, red fruited.
1853 M. Arnold Scholar Gipsy in Poems (new ed.) 209 A dark red-fruited yew-tree's shade.
1902 T. W. Sanders Encycl. Gardening (ed. 5) 324 Red-fruited Mulberry-tree (Morus rubra).
2002 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129 347/2 There is red-fruited and purple-fruited chokeberry.
red-rooted adj.
ΚΠ
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. v. xix. 100/2 The great, common, red Squill, call'd by Tournefort..the Sea-Onion, or red-rooted Squill.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. ii. 600 There does not appear to be more than two distinct species [of potato]; the red-rooted, or that which bears a purple..flower, and the white-rooted, or that which has a white flower.
1928 H. A. Jones & J. T. Rosa Truck Crop Plants v. 107 The red-rooted [beet] varieties are the only ones which are now grown to any extent.
1980 J. M. Auel Clan of Cave Bear v. 71 Iza dug up the red-rooted pigweed and headed for a marshy area.
red-stalked adj.
ΚΠ
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Wall-Moss The red-stalked, transparent, grassy-leaved Bryum.
1861 R. Buist Family Kitchen Gardener 110 The red stalked sorts [of rhubarb] are generally earlier than those with green stems.
1906 J. S. Newman Southern Gardener's Pract. Man. 159 The two [rhubarb] varieties most commonly cultivated are Victoria, a coarse, large, red-stalked variety.., and Linnæus.
1990 J. Conaway Napa i. i. 5 The vineyards had gone to seed..overrun by the same wild vines, poison oak, and impenetrable red-stalked manzanita.
red-stemmed adj.
ΚΠ
1825 R. K. Greville Sc. Cryptog. Flora III. 121 Red-stemmed Boletus.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 14/2 The flat heads of small creamy flowers are succeeded by red-stemmed brilliant blue berries.
1990 S. Harrison Mother Earth Father Sky ii. xxxi. 208 Beach peas and red-stemmed lovage grew among the rocks.
red-wooded adj.
ΚΠ
1765 tr. in Foreign Ess. Agric. & Arts 371 Some chuse the red wooded plants [vines] to take their cuttings from.
1842 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Trees & Shrubs 174 Rhamnus Erythoxylon..The red-wooded Buckthorn.
1932 Bot. Gaz. 93 65 The two red-wooded species coincide with the Nobiles group, which contains A[bies] nobiles, A. magnifica, and A. magnifica shastensis.
2003 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 13 Dec. 17 Our oaks are white-wood species, not closely related to the red-wooded American species.
(ii)
† red-staled adj. [compare stale n.2 3] Obsolete = red-stalked adj. at Compounds 1c(c)(i).
ΚΠ
OE Recipe (Vitell. C.iii) in T. O. Cockayne Leechdoms, Wortcunning, & Starcraft (1864) I. 378 Eft wið þæt ilce, nim readstalede harhuna, & ysopo, & stemp.
d.
(a) With past participles, forming adjectives.
red-clad adj.
ΚΠ
1789 M. Madan tr. Juvenal Satires vii, in New & Literal Transl. Juvenal & Persius I. 345 Put the patrimony of an hundred lawyers on one side, And on the other that of the red-clad Lacerta only.
1997 ‘S. Shem’ Mount Misery ix. 241 The red-clad and broad-beamed nurses and secretaries and social workers grazing on the jumbo shrimp and prime rib.
red-dabbled adj. rare
ΚΠ
1857 G. W. Thornbury Songs of Cavaliers & Roundheads 4 Remember Edge-hill and the red-dabbled mire.
1950 W. C. Williams Coll. Poems (1986) II. 224 A cry, a movement, red dabbled, among the bare branches.
red-decked adj.
ΚΠ
1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (London ed.) 66 The exquisite assertion of new delicate life Risen from the roots: Is this how you'll have it, red-decked socialists?
2008 Evening Standard (Nexis) 20 Feb. a62 The deafening red-decked home support made them feel they'd stepped into a mini-Anfield.
red-dyed adj.
ΚΠ
1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iv. sig. K I in your cause, put on a Scarlet robe Of red died cruelty.
1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xxxvi. 147 Facing us upon entering the plain, was a throne of red log-wood, canopied by the foliage of a red-dyed Pandannus.
2006 Get Creative Apr. 96/2 Cheese pies..are served with red dyed eggs. The eggs symbolize the blood of Christ.
red-flushed adj.
ΚΠ
1856 C. Sangster St. Lawrence & Saguenay 80 Rocks, red-flushed in the ruddy morn.
a1864 J. Clare Midsummer Cushion (1979) 200 Tawney white & red flushed clover buds Shine bonnily.
1998 Garden Answers Sept. 28/1 Plant next to bergenias with red-flushed leaves for a cheery winter effect.
red-gilded adj.
ΚΠ
1853 Chem. Gaz. 11 193 This salt is deposited in little silky tufts of red gilded needles.
1948 E. Pound Pisan Cantos lxxix. 67 The mountain forest is full of light The tree-comb red-gilded.
2000 D. Oliver Salvo for Afr. 83 The beauty of the view in copper surfaces, Red gilded.
red-lit adj.
ΚΠ
1850 Eclectic Mag. Aug. 568/2 Travelers now, within that valley, Through the red-lit windows see Vast forms that move fantastically.
1930 R. Campbell Gum Trees Along the red-lit rim of space In lofty cadences they rhyme.
2006 B. Spittle Place for Village ii. 135 It is difficult to really enjoy a green cigarette in a red-lit confined space when feeling sea sick.
red-litten adj. [compare litten adj.] now rare
ΚΠ
1839 E. A. Poe Fall House of Usher in Burton's Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 149 Travellers..Through the red-litten windows see Vast forms.
1901 A. E. W. Mason Clementina xii. 138 The two sentries came to the front of the house and stared at the red-litten blinds.
1944 Acolyte Summer 10 Thereafter, much of his legend was forgotten or misunderstood by the dwellers in the red-litten caverns of Yoth.
red-painted adj.
ΚΠ
1630 T. Dekker London Looke Backe sig. A4 This was a Change, worthy to bee set ouer euery doore in Letters of Gold, as before Red-painted Crosses stood there.
1849 in R. Southey Common-place Bk. 2nd Ser. 566/2 (heading) The red-painted hatchet of war.
1998 Y.-M. Ooi Flame Tree (1999) ii. 25 Kneeling, she removed the burned stubs of joss-sticks from in front of the red-painted tablet.
† red-puggered adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme ii. xi. 92 The red-pugger'd attire of the Turkey.
red-scored adj.
ΚΠ
1535 in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 208 A red scoryd cow.
1913 A. Bennett Regent 274 Close by stood the prompter..clutching hard at the red-scored manuscript.
2004 D. Accone All under Heaven (2006) 73 Perhaps that was why he was punished with this disease, he felt, looking at the red-scored palms of his hands.
red-struck adj. rare
ΚΠ
1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (London ed.) 82 Since the Lamb bewitched him with that red-struck flag His fortress is dismantled.
1986 R. Yates Cold Spring Harbor in N.Y. Times (Nexis) 27 Sept. a17 All those yellow- and orange- and red-struck towers..were there for better reasons than commerce.
red-washed adj.
ΚΠ
1855 H. A. Wise Tales for Marines vi. 110 We crossed a broad belt of the Serra, and descending a mile on the other side, descried a little cluster of red-washed buildings.
1932 E. Blunden Face of Eng. 50 A vast common, the three sides of which are beautiful with red-washed cottages and farm buildings.
2005 Chile & Easter Island (Insight Guides) (ed. 4) 149 On the other side of the Alameda again, is one of Santiago's best-known landmarks: the red-washed colonial church of San Francisco.
red-written adj.
ΚΠ
1871 R. Browning Balaustion 108 To read red-written up and down The world [etc.].
1987 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 23 Apr. A plaintive red-written request to secretaries to ‘please remind your boss of this forum’.
(b) With present participles (as a complement), forming adjectives.
red-branching adj.
ΚΠ
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. ii. iv. 92 To giue to euery one that sung before..Red branching Corrall, and as precious Iems As euer beautifide the Diadems.
1729 R. Savage Wanderer 1 There lies..the ripening Diamond's Ray, And thence red-branching Coral's rent away.
2008 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator (Nexis) 19 Jan. nh6 Partnered with the red-branching dogwood, this shrub provides a unique colour in the garden.
red-burning adj.
ΚΠ
c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 376 (MED) This castel is paynted without with thre maner colours: Rede brennand colour is aboue toward the fair tours.
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 132 in Wks. II Throw away Her bounties, as they were red-burning coales.
1983 M. Dixon Change of Territory 17 Two reapers of broken essentials, both hungry for the red-burning moon.
red-gleaming adj.
ΚΠ
1739 W. Broome Poems (ed. 2) 216 Thro' the thick Gloom the Torch red-gleaming burns O'er Shrouds, and sable Palls, and mould'ring Urns.
2006 Mississippi Q. (Nexis) 22 June 471 The red-gleaming reality of the eventual encroachment of a technologically intensive transportation system.
red-glowing adj.
ΚΠ
c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 271 (MED) Whon hit [sc. an ox of brass] was al Red Glouwande, Eustas..his wyf, and his sones baþe weore cast in þat vessel raþe.
1992 R. E. Carter Becoming Bamboo i. 18 If I touch this (which appears to be) red-glowing metal, I shall feel pain.
† red-hissing adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride ii. i. 26 And wrench the Bolt red-hissing, from the Hand Of him that thunders.
1867 A. B. Street Poems II. 304 Onward he sweeps—on, onward, fierce and fast, On through the keen, red hissing air!
red-panting adj. rare
ΚΠ
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 46 Unheeded he kept by them.., a rag of wolf's tongue redpanting from his jaws.
red-ripening adj.
ΚΠ
1729 R. Savage Wanderer v The native Strawberry red-ripening grows.
1998 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) (Nexis) 4 Mar. (Savor section) 46 Caribbean Red Habanero, a new red-ripening version of the habanero, is ‘fiery hot’.
red-streaming adj.
ΚΠ
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila iv. xii. 53 His Free Red-streaming Life did vanquish Death & Hell! That thou might'st live, He dy'd! That thou might rise, He fell!
1823 F. D. Hemans Vespers of Palermo ii. iv. 32 The partial glare Of the red-streaming lava.
1993 L. Carpenter Conan of Red Brotherhood 14 The guardsman went down with an agonized shriek, dropping his sword to clutch at his red-streaming belly.
† red-swelling adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1729 R. Savage Wanderer v He rolls red-swelling, tearful Eyes around.
(c) With present participle: objective.
red-making adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > [adjective] > making red
rubifyingc1405
rubificative1580
ruddy1693
rubific1701
red-making1704
rubrific1704
1704 I. Newton Opticks i. ii. 90 The homogeneal light and rays which appear red, or rather make Objects appear so, I call rubrific or red-making.
1860 Proc. Royal Soc. 10 486 The ‘red-making rays’, though dimly visible to the dichromic eye, excite the sensation not of red but of green.
2003 R. Iliffe in K. C. Knox From Newton to Hawking ii. 75 At this stage Newton tied his insights to the notion that red-making rays travelled faster than others.
e. As a distinguishing word in the names of animals, plants, and minerals.
(a) In the names of animals other than birds and fishes.
red adder n. now rare (a) U.S. the copperhead snake, Agkistrodon contortrix; (also) a variety of the harmless milk snake, Lampropeltis triangulum, which somewhat resembles it; (b) British a small reddish variety of the adder, Vipera berus.Cf. red viper n.
ΚΠ
1788 J. Orton Expos. Old Test. 267 A serpent, or red adder, lying in the dust, which may be trod upon unawares.]
1818 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 1 84 Scytalus Cupreus, or Copper-head Snake,..[is known] in New-England, by the names of rattlesnake's mate and red adder.
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) at Copperhead It has various other popular names, as Copper-belly, Red Viper, Red Adder.
1900 W. H. Hudson in Longman's Mag. Jan. 272 The zig-zag mark was intensely black,..but the ground color was a beautiful copper red; he was, I think, the handsomest red adder I have seen.
1937 Wilts. Archaeol. & Nat. Hist. Mag. 48 41 Notice should be taken of a small red adder considered by some as a separate species.
1958 R. Conant Field Guide Reptiles & Amhibians 111 Eastern Milk Snake... Young: Blotches bright red and forming the basis for the name ‘red adder’.
red ant n. any of various ants of a reddish colour, esp. (a) a Eurasian ant of the genus Myrmica; (b) U.S. the Pharaoh's ant, Monomorium pharaonis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > red ant
red anteOE
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh's ant)
red anteOE
Pharaoh's ant1890
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > family Formicidae or genus Formica > formica rubra (red ant)
red anteOE
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > family Formicidae or genus Formica > formica rufa (horse-ant)
red anteOE
horse ant1721
horse-emmet1755
wood-ant1889
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > family Formicidae or genus Formica > formica sanguinea (red ant)
red anteOE
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. iii. 42 Wiþ þæt ilce eft genim æmetan hors & cropleac.., gecnuwa tosomne, wyrme on scille, do þonne on eare þara readena æmetena hors.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. i. vii. 159 This Countrey produceth Serpents as grosse as a man.., which they eat for great dainties; as they doe also certaine red Ants.
1747 W. Gould Acct. Eng. Ants 11 The Red Ants are to be met with under broad Stones or other Rubbish.
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. II. xvii. 97 I found the inhabitants of a nest of the red ant (Myrmica rubra) very busily employed.
1853 ‘P. Paxton’ Stray Yankee in Texas 161 A miserable dreary month..[was] enlivened only by the musquitoes, red ants, and a semi-occasional ray of moist, half-asleep sunshine.
1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iv. i. 213 When the Red Ant (Formica Rufa) crawls over a piece of litmus paper, it produces a red track.
1925 G. W. Herrick Man. Injurious Insects 450 The tiny red ant, Monomorium pharaonis, is light-yellow and about one-sixteenth of an inch long.
2002 National Trust Mag. Summer 7/1 The eccentric Large Blue butterfly..relies on red ants to feed its caterpillars underground over winter.
† red antelope n. South African Obsolete each of three African antelopes: (a) the steenbok, Raphiceros campestris; (b) the Bohar reedbuck, Redunca redunca; (c) = red-buck n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Reduncinae > genus Redunca (reedbuck)
red antelope1775
nagor1780
rooi rhebok1827
reedbuck1834
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Neotraginae > genus Raphicerus(steenbok or grysbok)
red antelope1775
steenbok1775
grysbok1786
1775 S. Ward Mod. Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 12 (heading) The red antelope.
1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 80 (heading) The Steen-bok or Red Antelope of Mr Pennant.
1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 146/2 The nagor, or red antelope,..inhabits Senegal and the Cape.
1887 A. A. Anderson Twenty-five Years in Waggon II. 91 They were, from his description, the rooi or red antelope, the size of our fallow-deer.
† red ant fly n. Angling Obsolete a winged red ant.
ΚΠ
?1758 R. Bowlker Art of Angling Improved 72 The large Red Ant Fly.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 117 The little Red and Black Ant-Flies come on about the tenth or twelfth of August.
1837 J. Kirkbride Northern Angler 44 The Red Ant Fly... There are..two sorts... The larger one comes on in July, in very hot weather, the smaller one in August.
† red-arches n. Obsolete the rosy footman, Miltochrista miniata (family Arctiidae), a small Eurasian moth having yellowish forewings tinged with pink.
ΚΠ
1766 M. Harris Aurelian 64 Red Arches. This Moth is generally taken by beating the boughs of the oak..the latter end of June.
1843 H. N. Humphreys & J. O. Westwood Brit. Moths I. 93 Miltochrysta miniata (the red arches).
1861 F. O. Morris Brit. Moths I. 47 Red-arches (Calligenia miniata).
red bat n. a common American bat, Lasiurus borealis, which has reddish fur.The western form of the red bat has recently been recognized as a separate species, L. blossevillii.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous type of
blude-black1647
music-stamper1713
red bat1775
Geoffroy's bat1829
reddish-grey bat1837
notch-eared bat1840
pachyote1865
notched-eared bat1871
valve-tailed bat1871
Negro-bat1885
1775 W. Kenrick & J. Murdoch tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Animals, Veg., & Minerals II. 252 (caption) The red bat.
1884–5 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 167 The Atalapha noveboracensis, or Red Bat, is perhaps the most common of the eastern American bats.
1936 D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies xiii. 113 The Red bat is decidedly rufous in colour, has longer hair on the body than most bats and..emerges from cover early in the evening.
2004 Nat. New Eng. Winter 13/1 Other bats found in New England include the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus ; the eastern red bat, Lasiurus borealis ; and the hoary bat, lasiurus cinereus.
† red bear-cat n. Obsolete rare = red panda n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Procyonidae (raccoons) > [noun] > genus Ailurus (red panda)
panda1834
bearcat1876
cat-bear1888
red bear-cat1890
red panda1955
1890 Cent. Dict. at Red1 Red bear-cat.
† red bot n. Obsolete the parasitic larva of the throat bot fly, Gasterophilus nasalis; (also) the adult fly itself.
ΚΠ
1836 Penny Cycl. V. 261/1 A smaller species of bot, called from its colour the red-bot, is occasionally found in the stomach [of the horse].
1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects i. 61 The Red Bot... The thorax is rose-coloured, the wings unspotted.
1843 W. Youatt Horse (new ed.) ix. 224 (caption) The gad-fly by which the red bots are produced.
red-buck n. [after South African Dutch roode bok (Afrikaans rooibok : see rooibok n.)] South African the impala, Aepyceros melampus; cf. rooibok n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Antilopinae > genus Aepyceros (impala)
pallah1802
red-buck1813
rooibok1824
impala1875
1813 J. Campbell Jrnl. 30 Oct. in Trav. S. Afr. (1815) xl. 484 The following are the number of creatures killed by our people during the journey..Redbucks..6..Rhebucks..3.
1883 J. Mackenzie Day-dawn in Dark Places 97 I beheld the gnu and the zebra, the red-buck, the spring buck, and..the lechwe, or water-buck.
1965 ‘A. Nicol’ Truly Married Woman ii. 44 It was, after all, only a red-buck, an impalla, that they were afraid of.
1994 M. Roberts tr. J. A. Wahlberg Trav. Jrnls 1838–56 22 A young red-buck..and various little birds.
red-bug n. U.S. any of various small reddish insects or mites; spec.: †(a) a cotton stainer (genus Dysdercus) (obsolete); (b) a chigger or harvest mite (genus Trombicula).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > pulex or sarcopsylla penetrans (chigoe)
nigua1555
chigoe1708
pique1748
red-buga1750
jigger flea1756
trigera1757
sand flea1796
tungua1815
a1750 W. Gibson New Treat. Dis. Horses (1751) i. 97 They [sc. beans] breed a kind of vermin, which the farmers call a red Bug, and is reckoned dangerous.
1804 D. M’Kinnen Tour Brit. W. Indies x. 171 The red bug..has stained the cotton so much in some places this year as to render it of little or no value.
1827 J. L. Williams View W. Florida 29 Red bugs are numerous, especially in mossy woods.
1856 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1855: Agric. 104 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (34th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 12) VI The ‘red-bugs’, or..‘cotton-stainers’, generally make their appearance about August.
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Bête-rouge,..probably a larval Trombidium, which in the West Indies corresponds to the so-called ‘red bug’ or ‘jigger’ of the southern United States.
1985 A. Wilkinson Moonshine 132 Garland said that they were chiggers, also called red-bugs.
red cat n. South African the caracal, Felis caracal; cf. rooikat n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Lynx (lynx) > other types of
loup cervier1725
syagush1727
red cat1731
caracal1760
Persian cat1771
Persian lynx1781
rooikat1785
Canada lynx1824
lucifee1825
banded lynx1829
booted lynx1839
jungle-cat1895
1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 127 A few that are call'd Wild Red Cats..have a streak of bright Red running along the ridge of the back.
1887 A. A. Anderson Twenty-five Years in Waggon I. 273 The red cat, a kind of panther, the wolf-jackals, and porcupine were very plentiful.
1947 Cape Times 3 May 14 Buck which used to be plentiful have been almost exterminated by wild red cats.
1970 in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) at Red cat The red-cats have been getting my sheep.
red coral n. any of various red gorgonian corals of the genus Corallium; esp. C. nobile of the Mediterranean and Pacific, which is used in jewellery.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > concretion or petrifaction > [noun] > coral
coralc1305
red coral?c1335
ruby coral1632
lithophyton1646
coralline1863
?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 70 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 146 (MED) Grene Iaspe and rede corale.
?a1430 T. Hoccleve Praise of his Lady l. 3 in Minor Poems (1970) ii. 311 Hir browes been lyk to dym reed coral.
1544 Bk. Chyldren in T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe (new ed.) sig. e.iiv Redde coralle..hanged about the neck, whervpon the chylde shuld oftentymes labour his gummes.
1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 432 Red Coral..is fished from the beginning of April till the end of July.
1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 97 The large Biota of the red Coral.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xv. 249 It is termed a cup coral to distinguish it from other kinds of coral, as red coral.
2007 Science 25 May 1113/3 The United States has proposed international controls on the little-known trade of red coral, a deep-water species.
red crab n. †(a) a spiny lobster (genus Palinurus) (obsolete); (b) any of various crabs of a red colour; esp. the edible Cancer productus and the pelagic Pleuroncodes planipes of the Pacific coast of North America, the deep-water Chaceon quinquedens of the Atlantic, and the terrestrial Gecarcoidea natalis of Christmas Island; cf. red rock crab n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster
lobstera1000
sea crayfishc1440
long oyster1622
red crab1674
crevis fish1688
crayfish1748
Norway lobster1777
Cape lobster1793
spiny lobster1819
langouste1832
thorny lobster1833
écrevisse1854
chicken lobster1871
homarine1880
Dublin prawn1911
langostino1915
scampi1928
langoustine1946
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Palinuridae
sea-crayfish1601
long oyster1622
red crab1674
crevis fish1688
sea-crawfish1694
crayfish1748
spring lobster1789
Cape lobster1793
rock lobster1810
spiny lobster1819
langouste1832
thorny lobster1833
crayfish1853
kreef1863
langosta1924
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > crab
crabc1000
partan1428
punger1586
red crab1825
fiddle-fish1867
partan-crab1893
muddy1953
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > miscellaneous or unspecified types of crab
sea lion1601
blue crab1763
violet crab1774
angular crab1777
red crab1825
softshell1830
turtle-crab1838
porcellanian1840
Thelphusian1842
lady crab1844
oxystome1852
lobster-crab1854
porcelain crab1854
ochidore1855
havil1857
mask crab1857
sepoy crab1857
violet land crab1864
frog crab1876
stool-crab1880
paper-shell1890
porter crab1904
mitten crab1934
1674 J. Ray Catal. Fishes 105 Long Oyster, Sea-gar, Red Crab.
1784 J. Cook Voy. Pacific Ocean II. iv. vi. 379 The rocks were observed to be almost destitute of shell fish; and the only other animal of this tribe seen, was a red crab, covered with spines of a very large size.
1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. 285 Amongst the bare roots of the trees..a red crab sometimes makes its appearance.
1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 771 The Red Crab—Cancer productus..is found along the entire Pacific coast of the United States.
1974 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 19 555/1 The food chain appears to be relatively simple, consisting of a few species of diatoms..; of a red crab herbivore, Pleuroncodes planipes; and of..tuna carnivores.
1990 Biol. Bull. 179 226/2 (title) Submersible vehicle observations of deep sea red crabs, Chaceon quinquedens.
2001 Biol. Bull. 200 305/2 The red crab Gecarcoidea natalis is endemic to Christmas Island and is distributed throughout the entire island.
† red daddy n. Obsolete rare (probably) a scorpion fly (genus Panorpa).
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1868 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip Dec. 281/2 A little ferocious insect of the Gnat tribe..; viz., the ‘Red Daddy’.
1869 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip Jan. 23/2 The insect referred to in your last number under the title of ‘Red Daddy’,..is probably Panorpa communis,..commonly called the ‘Scorpion-fly’.
red Devon n. a breed of large reddish-brown cattle developed in south-west England, kept chiefly for beef production and (formerly) as a draught animal; an animal of this breed; also called Devon (see Devon n. a(a)).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > of Devon
South Devon1797
Devon1834
red Devon1867
1867 Jrnl. Anthropol. Soc. 5 p. clxxiii The Englishman, John Bull, is typified by his ox; the jealous Spaniard by his excitable cattle; the wild Hindoo by his zebu; and the red Devon ox by the red Devonian soil.
1893 J. Sinclair Hist. Devon Breed Cattle xi. 297 He had seen at Torrington Fair what he had never witnessed before—2,000 head of cattle of one family—the red Devon breed.
1912 R. Lydekker Ox & its Kindred v. 101 Attention may be directed to the well-known red Devons.
1991 V. Porter Cattle (1992) (BNC) 64 Garrard's engraving in 1800 showed a dark Red Devon ox standing 152cm at the withers.
† red feather n. Obsolete rare a small reddish European moth, Tischeria ekebladella (family Tischeriidae), having feathery wings.
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1872 J. G. Wood Insects at Home 522 The Red Feather (Tischeria complanella) so called from its colour and the feathery character of its wings... The name Red Feather is almost a literal translation of Stephen's name rufipennella.
† red-fender n. U.S. Obsolete the redbelly turtle, Pseudemys rubriventris.
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1875 Sat. Evening Post 20 Nov. 7/1 There is another variety of terrapin known as the ‘red fenders’; but their meat is coarse, and the flavor is fishy. They..often become eighteen and twenty inches long.
1884 in Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 154 The ‘Red-bellied Terrapin’, Pseudemys rugosa..is also known under the names ‘Potter’, ‘Red-fender’, and ‘Slider’.
red fox n. [attested earlier as a surname: Alexander Redfox (1306)] (a) the common fox of Eurasia and North America, Vulpes vulpes, which typically has predominantly reddish fur; (also) the fur of this fox; (b) U.S. either of two other foxes, the grey fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus (rare) and †the kit fox, V. macrotis (obsolete).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes fulva (red fox)
black fox1586
red fox1706
silvery fox1781
patch fox1836
Samson fox1842
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes vulpes (fox)
foxc825
toda1200
Reynardc1400
laurence?a1500
lowrie?a1500
tod lowrie?a1500
fleck1567
pug1812
puggy1827
Charley1857
red fox1875
alopecoid1880
redskin1905
1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. v. 79 The Foxes are of two coloures: the one redd, the other gray.]
1706 A. Beale Albany Fort Jrnl. 1 Mar. in G. Williams Hudson's Bay Misc. (1975) 38 (modernized text) I had a red fox brought home from one of the gun traps.
1815 M. Lewis & W. Clark Trav. Missouri III. xxiv. 29 The kit-fox or small red fox of the plains.
1875 Cope in Smithson. Coll. XIII. i. iii. 62 Our red fox (Vulpes fulvus) is nearly related to the European fox (V. vulgaris).
1917 Mammals Amer. 72/2 The Red Fox mates in February or early in March.
1937 J. Grinnell Fur-bearing Mammals Calif. 437 The gray fox is sometimes called ‘red fox’ by the uninitiated, because of the reddish color on its under parts.
1974 Harpers & Queen Sept. 37/3 (caption) Red Fox Jacket £450.
2004 Backwoods Home Mag. Jan. 56/2 The most common, by far, is the red fox with his bright red-orange coat with black socks and ear tips.
red hare n. (a) = red rock rabbit n.; †(b) U.S. a variety of the snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus, having reddish fur (obsolete rare).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > other types of
red hare1844
mountain hare1923
1844 J. Backhouse Narr. Visit Mauritius & S. Afr. xxviii. 485 The Red Hare or Roode Haas..is smaller than the Common Hare.
1879 Goode in Smithson. Coll. XXIII. iv. 19 Lepus Americanus, var. Washingtonii.—Red Hare.—West of Rocky Mountains from Columbia River into British Columbia.
1912 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Animal Life Afr. xvi. 252 The red hare..has only recently acquired the dignity of a separate genus.
1984 Jrnl. Mammalogy 65 731 Pronolagus..is a rabbit rather than a hare. Nevertheless, I would rather continue to refer to the ‘red hare’ rather than ‘red rock rabbit’.., because the latter seems to invite confusion with the dassies.
red hartebeest n. [after Afrikaans rooi hartebeest (1896 or earlier)] a southern African hartebeest of the subspecies Alcelaphus buselaphus caama, which is reddish brown to yellowish fawn in colour; also called Cape hartebeest.The red hartebeest is now extinct in the wild.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > antelope > [noun] > subfamily Alcelaphinae > genus Alcelaphus (red hartebeest)
hartebeest1786
tetel1867
tora1873
konze1881
red hartebeest1900
kongoni1908
1896 Rec. of Big Game 65 The true Hartebeeste of South Africa [is] often called by the Boers the Rooi (red) Hartebeeste, to distinguish it from the Tsessebe (Bastard Hartebeeste or Zulu Hartebeeste of the Dutch hunters).]
1900 W. L. Sclater Mammals of S. Afr. I. 131 (heading) Bubalis caama. The Red Hartebeest... Hartebeest of the Dutch and English Colonists.
1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. xii. 80 The Cape or red hartebeest..is now found only in the remoter parts of the north-west of the Cape Province and portions of the deserts of Bechuanaland and South-West Africa.
1991 Personality (Durban) 5 Aug. 29 Species that easily succumb [to game trading]..are springbok, nyala, reedbuck, bushbuck, red hartebeest, tsessebe and roan antelope.
red heeler n. Australian and New Zealand a variety of Australian cattle-dog having a coat of mixed reddish-brown and white hairs that give it a speckled appearance; cf. heeler n.2 6a.
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1934 News (Adelaide) 10 Aug. 1 (caption) Pearl, a red heeler, is an important member of the party.
1974 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Sept. 95 (advt.) Blue and red heelers and red kelpies, all guaranteed workers. Pups $17.
2001 Oceania 72 70 Blue or red heelers are favoured: these are stocky little cattle dogs, which are both intelligent and vicious.
red howler n. (more fully red howler monkey) a South American howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus, having long red-brown fur.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Alouatta (howler monkey)
guariba1753
howling monkey1769
warine1774
alouatte1779
howler monkey1800
araguato1852
congo ape1859
red howler1865
Congo monkey1874
ursine howler1884
Stentor1891
1865 Reader No. 121. 457/1 Numerous spider-monkeys, the red howlers.
1958 J. Carew Wild Coast viii. 109 The forest was full of noises—the roar of red howlers.
1992 Daily Tel. 11 Apr. Male red howler monkeys are the noisiest land animals in the world.
red kangaroo n. the largest kind of kangaroo, Macropus rufus, common in Australian grasslands, the male of which has a russet-red coat and the female typically a blue-grey coat.
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1793 W. Tench Compl. Acct. Settlem. Port Jackson 269 One of them we called the red kangaroo, from the colour of its fur.
1877 Nature 8 Mar. 419/1 A Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus), born in the Gardens.
1928 B. Spencer Wanderings in Wild Austral. 91 Amongst the marsupials, the large red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) is constantly seen during good seasons on the open flats.
1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania v. 110 They had eleven words for the different varieties of kangaroo and wallaby, from the small swamp wallaby bibal , to the galbaala , the large red kangaroo.
red lemur n. the red ruffed lemur, Varecia rubra, which has reddish fur and was formerly regarded as a variety of the ruffed lemur, V. variegata.
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1824 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom (1827) I. 228 The Red Lemur, (Lemur ruber, Peron.) A lively reddish maronne. The head, fore hands, tail, and belly, black.
1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. at Red Red lemur, the quadrumanous animal, Lemur rubra.
1935 Jrnl. Mammalogy 16 99 Lemur variegatus Kerr... The local name for the red phase is ‘varimena’ (the red lemur).
1996 B. Haveland tr. P. Høeg Woman & Ape (1997) iii. vi. 168 Sable antelope drank alongside elephants, alongside a cheetah.., alongside a group of red lemurs.
red louse n. any of various lice, plant lice, mites, etc., of a reddish colour; cf. red mite n.
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1804 Crit. Rev. 1 514 The red lice which infest the gills of this fish are an invariable proof of its goodness and high flavour.
1837 W. Hone Every-day Bk. II. 817/1 Destroy the devouring race of red lice that breed in their crevices and corners [sc. of bird cages].
1864 18th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Board Agric. 1863 143 Late oats were injured by a red insect, called by farmers ‘red lice’.
1912 W. C. O'Kane Injurious Insects xxv. 375 Commonly they are spoken of as the ‘little red lice’, as distinguished from the bluish sucking lice. All are members of the genus Trichodectes.
2007 D. Egonsson Preference & Information 58 Suppose..that while eating your Danish sausage someone insisted on telling you..how it received its lovely red colour (by the means of dried and crushed red lice).
red lynx n. North American the bobcat, Lynx rufus.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Lynx (lynx) > lynx rufus (bobcat)
bay lynx1781
red lynx1827
bobcat1888
1796 C. R. Hopson tr. C. P. Thunberg Trav. (ed. 3) II. 182 Roode Katt is the name here given to a kind of red lynx, with long locks of hair at the extremities of its ears, and the tip of its tail black.]
1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 174 E. Rufa (the Red Lynx.) Reddish-yellow,spotted with brown; tail short... Inhabits the United States.
1875 Cope in Smithson. Coll. XIII. i. iii. 65 The red lynx and raccoon are examples.., and several species of wood-warblers.
1997 Mammalian Species 563 5/2 Bobcat... Other vernacular names include..red lynx.
red maggot n. (a) the minute reddish larva of a wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana or Contarinia tritici (now rare); (b) Angling a maggot dyed red and used as bait.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Nematocera > family Cecidomyiidae > member of (wheat midge) > larva
flaxseed1865
red maggot1886
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. viii. vi. 423 In its Vermicular-State, it is a Red-Maggot.
1886 Times 18 Aug. 10/6 The wheat midge..produces the red maggots which so seriously damage the ripening ears of corn.
1907 W. E. Collinge Rep. Injurious Insects Midland Counties 1906 34 The Wheat Midge. Diplosis tritici, Kirby. Two cases of wheat infected by ‘Red Maggot’, from Warwickshire correspondents, have been examined.
1947 H. Major Basic Fishing 14 A red maggot may produce results when one in its natural coloring may be ignored.
1990 Angling Times 29 Aug. 38/1 He worked with a four-metre pole, alternating combinations of garden worm, gozzer and red maggot.
red meerkat n. [after Afrikaans rooimeerkat] the yellow mongoose, Cynictis penicillata, a bushy-tailed mongoose which lives in colonies and is native to southern Africa.
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1890 A. Martin Home Life Ostrich Farm 158 There are two kinds of meerkats; one red, with a bushy tail like that of a squirrel, the other grey, with a pointed tail.]
1920 A. A. Lane in S. Afr. Jrnl. of Nat. Hist. 3 213 Red meerkats, which are plentiful on the veld, are frequently seen where loose sandy patches afford them favourable ground for their burrows.
1990 J. D. Skinner Mammals S. Afr. Subregion 490 Cynictis penicillata... Occasionally red meerkat (rooimeerkat) has been used. However, yellow mongoose is most frequently used; geelmeerkat may be used in Afrikaans.
red mite n. any of various mites of a reddish colour; spec.: (a) the chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, which is a widespread parasite of domestic poultry; (b) a red spider mite (see red spider n.).
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Acari or family Acaridae > miscellaneous types > dermanyssus gallinae (red mite)
red mite1871
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Acari or family Acaridae > member of (tick) > family Tetranychidae > member of
red spider1646
harvest-bug1768
harvest-louse1775
gooseberry-louse1856
red mite1871
harvest-mite1874
harvest-tick1886
1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 220 I found other beetles in the field infested with small red mites attached to the posterior extremity.
1878 Amer. Naturalist 12 139 (title) On the transformations of the red mites [sc. Trombidium species].
1912 J. H. Robinson Princ. & Pract. Poultry Culture xx. 342 Red mites..secrete themselves about the roosts.
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Feb. 146/3 Some vegetable crops, including beans, are liable to become severely infested with red mite.
2001 Poultry World May 24/2 Breckland International has been evaluating the control of red mite by a new generation of natural food grade biocides for the past two years.
† red mole n. Obsolete the eastern American mole, Scalopus aquaticus.
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1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 315 Red [Mole]..Talpa rubra americana.
1819 D. B. Warden Statist., Polit. & Hist. Acct. U.S. I. 194 The Red mole of Seba, Talpa rubra Americana.
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 80 The Red Mole of America..is more likely the Scalops canadensis.
red monkey n.
Brit. /ˌrɛd ˈmʌŋki/
,
U.S. /ˌrɛd ˈməŋki/
,
West African English /ˌrɛd ˈmɔŋki/
†(a) = red howler n. (obsolete rare); (b) the patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > genus Erythrocebus (patas)
patas1745
red monkey1763
1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. I. p. xxi The red monkey of Guiana, is a very thick animal, of a deep reddish bay colour, and he makes a terrible nioise by means of a particular structure of the heioide bone.
1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 403 (heading) The Patas, or Red Monkey.
1893 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. I. 98 The West African patas, or red monkey, from Senegambia.
1986 Jrnl. Wildlife Dis. 22 586 (title) Natural infections of vervet monkeys..and African red monkeys..in Sudan with taeniid cysticerci.
† red mouse n. Obsolete rare (a) the harvest mouse, Micromys minutus; (b) = red rat n.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Muridae > genus Micromys (harvest mouse)
red mouse?a1500
hardishrew1601
harvest mouse1776
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 760/12 Hic roonideus, a redmowse.
1774 G. White Let. 2 Sept. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 102 As my neighbour was housing a rick he observed that his dogs devoured all the little red mice that they could catch, but rejected the common mice.
1791 New Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 519 The Red Mouse is about four inches long... It inhabits Siberia from the Oby eastward to Kamschatka.
1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 210 A. Rutilus (Red Mouse.)... Reddish above, pale white underneath... Inhabits Siberia, and extensively in Northern Asia.
red orang n. now rare an orangutan (genus Pongo); spec. the Sumatran orangutan, P. abelii, which has bright reddish fur.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > member of superfamily Hominoidea (apes and humans) > family Pongidae (ape) > genus Pongo (orang-outang)
satyra1398
orangutan1699
man of the woods1755
pongo1775
orang1778
yahooc1790
wild man1791
mias1840
red orang1840
outang1869
lesser orang-utan1903
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 55 The Pongo..is known only to occur in Borneo where the Red Ourang has not been ascertained to exist.
1857 L. Agassiz & A. A. Gould Princ. Zöol. (rev. ed.) i. 207 The tropical fauna of Asia, comprising the two peninsulas of India and the Isles of Sunda, is not less marked. It is the country of the gibbons, the red orang, the royal tiger, [etc.].
1905 Science 7 July 13/2 The ‘crinibus nigris’ of his description is the one character to distinguish it from the red orang.
red panda n. an arboreal, chiefly herbivorous, raccoon-like mammal, Ailurus fulgens (family Procyonidae), of the south-eastern Himalayas and parts of eastern Asia, which is about the size of a large cat and has reddish-brown fur and a long bushy ring-marked tail; see panda n.1 1.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Procyonidae (raccoons) > [noun] > genus Ailurus (red panda)
panda1834
bearcat1876
cat-bear1888
red bear-cat1890
red panda1955
1955 F. Bourlière Mammals of World vi. 184 The Red Panda is a solitary animal.
1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. viii. 216/1 (caption) The lesser (or red) panda..is a species of uncertain relationships although it is usually classed with the procyonids (the racoon family).
2006 Smithsonian Sept. 36/1 Red pandas..were the first to be called ‘panda’.
red poley n. Australian rare = red poll n.2
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [adjective] > redpoll
red-polled1797
red poll1873
red poley1941
1941 Coast to Coast 22 The mounted trooper found a couple of red poley steer skins in Jo Wiggins's slaughter-yard.
† red rat n. Obsolete rare the northern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus, of northern Asia and northern North America; cf. red mouse n. (b).
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1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds II. 452 Red Rat, Mus Rutilus... Inhabits Sibiria, from the Oby eastward to Kamtschatka.
red rhebok n. South African the mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula.
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1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom IV. 239 The Red Rheebock. (A. Fulvo Rufula.) We consider this species as the adult of the former [sc. the Nagor, A. Redunca].
1881 F. C. Selous Wanderings S. Afr. 2 I..had managed to bag one bushbuck ram..and eight gray and red rhebucks.
c1936 S. & E. Afr. Year Bk. & Guide 1090 The Red Rhebok (C. fulvorufula; Dutch, rooi reebok). Sometimes, but erroneously, called the Lesser Reedbuck.
1987 T. F. J. Van Rensburg Introd. to Fynbos 52 Species that occur in limited numbers..are the bush-pig, kudu, red rhebuck, [etc.].
red river hog n. a pig of the African rainforest, Potamochoerus porcus, having a bright rufous coat with a white mane and long ear tufts.Formerly regarded as conspecific with the bush pig, but this has been separated as P. larvatus.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > genus Potamochoerus (African bush-pig)
wood-swine1785
Guinea hog1788
river hog1803
bosch-vark1834
bush-pig1840
bush-hog1854
red river hog1868
1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants II. 150 Even the Red River hog (Potamochœrus penicillatus)..has bred twice in the Zoological Gardens.
1953 G. Durrell Overloaded Ark i. 38 A fully grown pair of Red River Hogs fled... They were the most vivid orange colour with long white tufts on their ears, and a flowing mane of white hair along their backs.
1992 F. McLynn Hearts of Darkness iii. xiii. 276 Grenfell..found the Kwango rich in game: elephants, hippopotami, buffalo, antelope and red riverhogs.
red rock crab n. either of two reddish crabs of the Pacific coast of North America: †(a) a large, spiny, anomuran king crab, Lopholithodes mandtii (obsolete); (b) the edible red crab, Cancer productus.Cf. red crab n. (b).
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1883 R. Rathburn in Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 27 (1884) 112 A large ‘Red Rock Crab’ (Echidnoceros setimanus), living about the Farallone Islands, off San Francisco, is occasionally brought to the markets of that city as a curiosity.
1977 Ecology 58 93/1 The red rock crab, Cancer productus, feeds on thaids by cracking the snail shells..and removing the tissue.
2004 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 4 June Weekend section 24/3 Normally found in the water off of the Pacific Coast of North America, the red rock crab can be easily identified by its smooth, dark-red carapace.
red rock rabbit n. any of several nocturnal African rabbits constituting the genus Pronolagus, having woolly reddish fur; cf. red hare n. (a).
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1983 R. H. N. Smithers Mammals S. Afr. Subregion 168/1 Red rock rabbits are gregarious, numbers living together in restricted areas of rocky habitat.
2002 S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 57 26/2 The Natal red rock rabbit (Pronolagus crassicaudatus), despite having smaller ears and a more rounded body, is similar [to the scrub hare].
red scale n. either of two scale insects of the family Diaspididae which infest orange trees: (more fully California red scale) Aonidiella aurantii, and (more fully Florida red scale) Chrysomphalus aonidum.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Coccidae or genus Coccus > aonidia aurantii (red scale)
red scale1881
1881 Fresno (Calif.) Republican 26 Nov. 8/1 People..are..digging out their orange trees and planting the land to vines. This, however, has only occurred where they were harassed by the red scale and other insect pests.
1893 Daily News 23 May 5/2 The ‘red scale’, so harmful to orange and lemon trees.
1962 C. L. Metcalf et al. Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 4) xvi. 803 Florida red scale is one of the most important citrus pests in Florida and the Gulf states.
1986 J. A. Samson Trop. Fruits (ed. 2) iv. 62 In Israel..purple scale is controlled by a parasitic wasp, Florida red scale by another and California red scale by two other Aphytis spp. and a predator.
red scallop n. now rare any of various scallops with reddish shells.
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1753 ‘T. Broderick’ Lett. from Several Parts Europe & East I. 398 Did any of those who lament their not finding red coral, ever meet with a red scallop? certainly no.
1777 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) IV. vi. 100 [Pecten] Subrufus... Red [Scallop].
1951 H. J. Deuel Lipids I. 593 Karrer and Solmssen found a pigment with similar absorption peaks in the red scallop (Pecten jacobaeus).
† red sea-nettle n. Obsolete rare a sea anemone.
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1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Posterol, the red sea-Nettle; an ouglie, and imperfect sea-fish.
1855 Harper's Mag. July 200/2 The shapeless red sea-nettles, that hang without shell on the sides of submarine rocks.., were a favorite dish as early as the times of Aristotle.
red setter n. (also more fully Irish red setter) the Irish setter, a breed of gun dog with a long, silky, chestnut-coloured coat; a dog of this breed.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > setter > varieties of
English setter1790
red setter1830
Gordon setter1865
Irish setter1866
Belton1872
Laverack setter1878
1830 Times 13 Sept. 1/3 Lost,..a large red setter dog, with white ticks.
1893 R. B. Lee Hist. & Descr. Mod. Dogs: Sporting Div. xvii. 343 One cannot say that the Irish red setter, the Irish terrier, and the water spaniel of Ireland, came at any recent date from one stock.
1954 M. K. Wilson tr. K. Lorenz Man meets Dog viii. 78 A Red Setter or a dog of a similar long-haired, long-eared breed.
1991 P. Carey Tax Inspector iii. 14 His grandmother's red setter yelped and skittered across the slippery kitchen floor.
red slug n. a large reddish-brown Eurasian slug, Arion rufus.
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1783 J. Barbut Genera Vermium I. 30 Limax Rufus... The Red Slug.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 486/2 The supposed virtues of a decoction..of Red Slugs in disorders of the chest.
1897 Science 22 Oct. 633/1 Slug. ‘A. agrestis, the Red Slug.’ There is no Arion agrestis.
1993 Israel Jrnl. Zool. 39 1 (title) Neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system of the red slug Arion rufus L.
† red snail n. Obsolete = red slug n.
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c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 10 Tak þe rede snyle þat crepis houseles & sethe it in water, & gedir þe fatt þat comes of þam & anoynte thyn eghne therwith.
1553 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XII Treasury of Healthe (new ed.) lxv. sig. X.i Take a red snayle & cut hyr ouer thwart the backe, and reserve the liquor that cometh thereof, blende it wyth salte and applye it, for it shall kyll al the wartes.
1711 tr. N. Lémery New Curiosities Art & Nature xx. 122/2 Take a Red Snail, and hang him by a Thread in the Middle of the Vessel wherein the Milk is.
1786 Gentleman Angler 44 In April take the cankier worm,..the red snail, the bob worm,..and the bait which breeds upon the fern leaf.
red snake n. chiefly U.S. any of various snakes with red markings; esp. a red milk snake of the subspecies Lampropeltis triangulum syspila.
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1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 134 There is another sort of deadly Snake, called the Red Snake.
1744 F. Moore Voy. Georgia I. 120 Besides the rattle-snake..there are also many others, as the black, the red, and the chicken snake.
1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. iii. 49 The Red Snake..is a beautiful little serpent, found under stones and logs.
1942 Amer. Midland Naturalist 28 189 The red snake is not common and has been collected at infrequent intervals.
1997 Post Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 25 Sept. 40 (caption) Children at Liverpool Public Library are fascinated by a red snake being introduced to them.
red squirrel n. either of two squirrels with a reddish coat: (a) a small North American squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, having a pale belly and a black line along the sides during the summer; also called chickaree; (b) the widespread Eurasian squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, having distinctive ear tufts and (in Britain) a whitish tail.The native red squirrel is now absent from most of England.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus sciurus (tree squirrel) > sciurus hudsonicus (chickaree)
red squirrel1682
chickaree1804
mountain boomer1858
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus sciurus (tree squirrel) > sciurus vulgaris (red squirrel)
red squirrel1795
1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. v. 81 There are Squirils of three sorts, very different in shape and condition;..Another is red, and hee haunts our howses, and will rob us of our Corne.]
1682 T. Amy Carolina 22 There are..the Red, the Grey, the Fox and Black Squirrels.
1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 439 The red squirrel..has become extremely common of late years.
1846 J. J. Audubon & J. Bachman Viviparous Quadrupeds N. Amer. I. 129 Providence has placed much food..within reach of the Red-Squirrel during winter.
1902 W. D. Hulbert Forest Neighbors 102 Other sounds there were..the scolding of the red squirrel, disturbed and angry.
1971 Country Life 17 June 1538/1 It is not within my memory when red squirrels were about in fair numbers.
1997 National Trust Mag. Spring 11/3 Brownsea Island, home to one of Britain's most important red squirrel colonies, is under threat from the sea.
red tabby n. a variety or breed of tabby cat in which the coat colour consists of shades of orange or red; a ginger or marmalade tabby.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > felis domesticus (cat) > [noun] > miscellaneous breeds of > tabby
tiger-striped1597
tabby1774
red tabby1876
tiger-cat1903
tiger-stripe1965
1876 G. Stables Domestic Cat vi. 51 The first cat of the Tabby kind which claims our attention is the Red or Sandy Tabby.
1903 F. Simpson Bk. Cat xxv. 288/2 Red tabbies..are one of the difficult varieties to obtain.
1948 P. M. Soderberg Cat Breeding 248 Red Tabbies cannot compete with several other breeds for popularity.
2006 K. L. Davis Everything Cat Bk. (ed. 2) 36 The red tabby..has burnt orange stripes against a lighter yellowish background. Some people refer to the latter as a ginger or yellow tabby, but the correct name for the color, as concerns the cat fancy, is red.
red tiger n. now rare the puma, Felis concolor.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Felis > felis concolor (puma)
tiger1604
mountain lion?1615
panther1683
painter1738
red tiger1763
puma1771
American mountain lion1774
cougar1774
poltroon tiger1790
catamount1794
Indian devil1838
black panther1857
1763 P. Collinson Let. 10 May in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 593 Ye panther is found in the Brazils & is there Called the Cougar—the French call it the Red Tiger.
1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xviii. 50 The couguar, called in Surinam the red tyger.
1892 Science 25 Mar. 171/1 Early Spanish writers..sometimes mentioned the puma under the name of tiger, or used the name in some modified form, as red tiger, etc.
1992 E. Hoagland Wowlas & Coral in Balancing Acts 178 George is fiftyish, a black Creole [in Belize]... Pumas are ‘red tigers’.
red viper n. now rare (a) British a small reddish variety of the adder, Vipera berus; (b) U.S. the copperhead snake, Agkistrodon contortrix.Cf. red adder n.
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1817 Ann. Philos. 10 152 Serpent found in Devonshire. I have been informed by Dr. Leach that the red viper described by Mr. Rackett in a paper read to the Linnæan Society on April 15, is no more than a very common variety of the young viper of Britain.
1828 Crypt 1 July 9 A serpent, known to the gamekeepers of Dorsetshire under the name of the Red Viper,..considered to be more poisonous than the common viper, but is fortunately very rare.
1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iii. 54 The Copper-head..has various popular names in different districts..Copper-Belly, Red Viper, Deaf Adder and Chunkhead.
1907 Washington Post 20 Oct. 3/8 I saw a great red viper scurrying away.
1968 Times 8 Jan. 8/5 Wessex people believe there is also a ‘little red viper’, more richly coloured and more venomous than the ordinary kind.
red wolf n. (a) the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (now rare); (b) a small wolf with a cinnamon or tawny-coloured coat, often referred to Canis rufus but possibly of hybrid origin, native to the south-eastern United States but probably extinct in the wild; (c) a reddish variety of the grey wolf, C. lupus.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > other types
red wolf1823
hill-fox1838
kuri1838
zorro1838
Falkland Island wolf1857
bush dog1883
guara1884
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > canis lupus (wolf) > varieties of
lobo1859
timber-wolf1860
loafer?1877
Japanese wolf1878
red wolf1942
1823 E. James Acct. Exped. Rocky Mts. I. 334 The aspect of this animal [sc. Canis nubilus] is far more fierce and formidable than either the common red wolf, or the prairie wolf.
1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 144 C. Jubatus, (the Red Wolf.) Uniform brightish red colour, with a short black mane along the spine... Cuvier identifies the C. Jubatus with the C. Mexicanus of Gmelin; but Desmarest makes a distinct species of it.
1876 G. B. Goode Classif. Coll. Illustr. Animal Resources U.S. 69 Red Wolf.
1903 Q. Rev. Jan. 45 The maned or red wolf of Brazil.
1942 G. M. Allen Extinct & Vanishing Mammals 229 The typical form of red wolf was slightly the smallest of the three races.
1978 B. H. Lopez Of Wolves & Men 279 My wife and I raised two hybrid red wolves.
1996 Sci. Amer. Jan. 18/3 Wayne and Gilleman suggest that the red wolf is probably a relatively recent hybrid of the coyote and a now extinct subspecies of the gray wolf.
red whelk n. a whelk with a robust reddish or yellowish shell, Neptunea antiqua (family Buccinidae), found in cold temperate waters of the eastern Atlantic; also called buckie.
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1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 109 Fusus (chrysodomus) antiquus, called the red-whelk on the coasts of the channel, and ‘Buckie’ in Scotland, is extensively dredged for the markets.
1901 E. Step Shell Life xv. 259 The Red Whelk or Buckie (C[hrysodomus] antiqua) has a solid yellowish or reddish shell with dull surface marked with slight spiral ridges.
2000 S. H. Gillespie et al. Infectious Dis. (ed. 2) vii. 181 Some shellfish are well known to be toxic (for instance, the red whelk) but are occasionally mistaken for edible species.
red wiggler n. any of various reddish earthworms, esp. the brandling, Eisenia fetida; cf. redworm n. 1.
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1925 Frederick (Maryland) Post 19 Sept. 9/2 An onslaught is made on some shaded damp place to uncover and entrap a lot of long red wigglers to fall back on when all the white worms are gone.
2006 Spirit of Change Spring 26 Red wiggler worms..can be purchased commercially or obtained from a friend with a compost pile.
(b) In the names of birds.
(i) Birds whose identity is uncertain.
† red butcher-bird n. Obsolete rare.
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1747 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds II. 54 The Crested Red, or Russit Butcher-Bird.
red heron n. now rare.
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1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 283 The greater speckled or red Heron of Aldrovand.
1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 303 The Red Heron seems to be of a spurious kind, between a Heron and a Bittern.
1980 A. Salkey Caribbean Folk Tales 83 Wind passed by with his eagle and red heron and cockatoo feathers streaming behind him.
red oriole n. now rare.
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1783 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. ii. 431 Red Oriole... Size of our Black bird.
1863 Harper's Mag. Aug. 350 Alone, save the red oriole swinging from yon elm Looked down on us.
1921 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 16 June 6/2 What countries or climates of North America do the red oriole and cardinal inhabit?
red pheasant n. now rare.
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1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 486 The red Pheasant.
1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. I. 183 Besides the three species of partridges above-mentioned, we observed another called the red pheasant, because its feet and the naked skin of its throat are of that colour.
2003 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 1 Mar. 2 c/5 The USPS issued a special 25-cent stamp in 1987 featuring a red pheasant in flight.
red shrike n. now rare.
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1781 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 192 Red Shrike..its body is of a bright red colour. Inhabits Surinam.
1862 T. C. Jerdon Birds India I. 418 The Red Shrikes or Minivets (as Mr. Blyth has called them in the Museum Asiatic Society).
2004 Guardian (Nexis) 31 July (Weekend Suppl.) 26 Farm birds whose populations have crashed in the UK are still common [in central Europe], including red shrikes, corn buntings..and lapwings.
red sparrow n. now rare.
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1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 215 The Red-sparrow, the Nope, the Red-breast, and the Wren.
1783 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. 271 This [crimson-headed finch] inhabits the thick woods about the Volga and Samara, where it is called the Red Sparrow.
1856 De Bow's Rev. Jan. 22 The red sparrow is occasionally seen.
1968 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 19 Nov. 13/6 In 1967 India exported 3 million birds... The favorite was the red sparrow which weighs less than an ounce.
† red wheatear n. Obsolete
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1743 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. 31 The Red or Russet-colour'd Wheat-Ear.
1817 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. X. ii. 569 Red Wheatear (Vitiflora rufa)... Taken at Gibraltar and near Bologna.
(ii)
red bishop n. (also more fully red bishop bird) an African weaver bird of the genus Euplectes; esp. E. orix, which has scarlet plumage with a black face and underparts.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Guplectes (bishop-bird)
sakabula1877
bishop-bird1884
red bishop1884
king of six1913
bishop1934
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Guplectes (bishop-bird) > euplectes orix (red bishop)
taha1836
red bishop1884
1884 R. B. Sharpe Layard's Birds S. Afr. (ed. 2) 462 Red Bishop Bird..though not an uncommon bird, is certainly a very local one.
1939 Nature 1 Apr. 566/1 The red bishop has never been found to have more than three wives in his large territory.
1966 E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo xii. 197 It was a red bishop bird, black and glowing scarlet, on its way to the reeds with its drab-coloured harem.
1994 Bird Keeper May 39/3 A few Seedeaters such as the Red Bishops or Weavers..have red feathering that can acquire dull uninteresting hues.
red chatterer n. now rare the Guianian red cotinga, Phoenicercus carnifex, which has red and purple plumage.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > [noun] > family Cotingidae (cotinga) > other types of
pompadour1764
red chatterer1781
short bill1820
fruit-crow1856
rock-bird1890
1781 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 97 Red Ch[atterer].
1817 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. X. ii. 425 Red Chatterer, with a band through the eyes and the tips of the quills and tail-feathers black.
1925 Port Arthur (Texas) News 22 Nov. 22/3 In a Victoria coupe by LeBaron, the colors of the red chatterer cotinga of British Guiana are adopted.
† red coot-foot n. Obsolete rare = red phalarope n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Phalaropodidae > phalaropus fulicarus (red phalarope)
coot-footed tringa1758
whale-bird1771
red phalarope1776
red lobefoot1819
red coot-foot1828
1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 100 Lobipes hyperboreus. Red Coot-foot.
† red creeper n. Obsolete a Mexican variety of the brown creeper or American treecreeper, Certhia americana.
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1782 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. ii. 721 Red Creeper, Trochilus coccineus... Supposed to be found in Mexico.
1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. II. 323 The Red Creeper. This diminutive inhabitant of New Spain..we mention merely for the purpose of describing its nest.
red crossbill n. originally U.S. the crossbill, Loxia curvirostra, found widely throughout the northern hemisphere, the male of which has chiefly reddish plumage and unmarked wings.
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1858 S. F. Baird Birds (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route Pacific IX) ii. 426 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (33rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 91) Curvirostra Americana, Wilson. Red Crossbill.
1862 New Eng. Farmer Dec. 558/2 The Red Crossbill, (Curvirostra Americana, Wilson,) is another of those transient visitors from the north.
1926 Davenport (Iowa) Democrat & Leader 10 June 8/6 The Red Crossbill and the White-Winged Crossbill are found in eastern North America.
2004 G. W. Cox Alien Species & Evol. xviii. 250 Coevolution has occurred between black spruce (Picea mariana) and red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) in Newfoundland, Canada, following release of this island from glaciation.
† red curassow n. Obsolete the great curassow, Crax rubra; spec. a rufous colour morph found chiefly in Central America.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > family Cracidae > member of genus Crax (curassow) > types of
pauxi1678
cushew-bird1760
powis1764
red curassow?a1808
mutum1863
?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. VI. 285 (heading) The Red Curassow.
1819 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XI. i. 169 The Red Curassow is the size of a turkey.
1874 Amer. Cycl. V. 580/2 The red curassow (C. rubra, Linn.), has no tubercle under the bill..; the color of the under parts is a bright chestnut.
red curlew n. †(a) the scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (obsolete); (b) U.S. = red marlin n.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills) > member of (ibis) > eudocimus ruber (scarlet ibis)
guara1678
red curlew1731
scarlet ibis1785
1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. 84 Numenius ruber. The Red Curlew... These Birds frequent the Coast of the Bahama Islands, and other parts of America between the Tropicks.
1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 172 The Curlew of Guiana is the Indian or Red Curlew of Ray.
1813 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. VII. 30 Our gunners call it [sc. the godwit] the Straight-billed Curlew, and sometimes the Red Curlew.
1877 J. B. Holder Hist. Amer. Fauna in J. Richardson et al. Museum Nat. Hist. III. p. clxxxvii/2 Great Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa)... It is called by the gunners the Straight-billed Curlew, and by others the Red Curlew.
1956 Bull. Mass. Audubon Soc. 40 20 Marbled Godwit... Red Curlew.
† red duck n. Obsolete the ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca, of Eurasia.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Aythya (miscellaneous) > aythya nyroca (white-eye)
red duck1678
red-breasted duck1792
white-eye1810
hardhead1908
1678 Philos. Trans. 1677 (Royal Soc.) 12 943 A Lake 6 Leagues off Tauris full of red Ducks.
1785 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. II. ii. 576 Red [Duck] . Anas rutila... Feruginous Duck.
1817 T. Forster Synoptical Catal. Brit. Birds 35 Anas Nyroca, Castaneous Duck..Red Duck.
† red dunlin n. Obsolete rare = red knot n.
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1824 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. i. 96 Red Dunlin (Pelidna Subarcuata)..Dunlin with the beak longer than the head.
red falcon n. †(a) a South-East Asian falcon, perhaps a race of the peregrine, Falco peregrinus (obsolete); †(b) a yearling female peregrine (obsolete); (c) British regional the merlin, Falco columbarius.Cf. red hawk n., red tiercel n.
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1676 F. Willughby & J. Ray Ornithologiæ Pl. 9 Falco ruber Indicus..The Red Indian Falcon.]
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 81 The Red Falcon.
1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 22 The Red Falcon is so called, not because the feathers are all over red, but because the spots which are white in others are red and black in this... Mr. Ray doubts whether this is a distinct species or not.
1826 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 6) I. 17 The female yearling is termed a red Falcon, the male a red Tercel.
1890 J. Watson Nature & Woodcraft viii The Keeper's ‘red falcon’ is the beautiful Merlin.
† red fink n. South African Obsolete the red bishop bird, Euplectes orix.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Ploceus
toddy bird1698
grenadier1751
red fink1867
1867 E. L. Layard Birds S. Afr. 185 Red Fink of Colonists... The ‘Red Caffre Fink’, though not an uncommon bird, is certainly a very local one.
1889 H. A. Bryden Kloof & Karroo 15 We saw and shot the red fink, sometimes called the red grenadier grosbeak (Ploceus oryx).
† red flammant n. Obsolete rare = red flamingo n.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Phoenicopteridae (flamingo)
phoenicopter1570
flamingo1589
passer-flamingo1610
flaman1706
fleming1708
red flamingo1785
red flammant1785
1785 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. II. ii. 504 Red [Flammant]... Flamingo... Phænicopterus ruber.
red flamingo n. now rare the greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Phoenicopteridae (flamingo)
phoenicopter1570
flamingo1589
passer-flamingo1610
flaman1706
fleming1708
red flamingo1785
red flammant1785
1785 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds III. i. 299 Pl. 93 Red Flamingo.
1824 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. i. 186 Red Flamingo with the quills black.
1876 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 46 327 The banks were of mud..topped by the weird roots of mangroves, amongst which flocks of red flamingoes disported themselves.
1961 Geogr. Jrnl. 127 122 The Camargue..has..a wild-fowl sanctuary where the red flamingo lives amongst the marshes.
† red godwit n. Obsolete either of two godwits when in red breeding plumage, the bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica, or the black-tailed godwit, L. limosa.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Limosa (godwit) > limosa lapponica (bar-tailed godwit)
preen1548
yarwhelp1577
pick1655
stone plover1678
red-breasted godwit1747
red godwit1768
strand plover1772
bar-tailed godwit1828
bar-tailed godwit1828
kuaka1873
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Limosa (godwit) > limosa limosa (black-tailed)
yarwhelp1577
red godwit1768
shrieker1855
1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. ii. 353 The red godwit is superior in size to the common kind.
1824 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. i. 78 The Red Godwit is found in various parts of Europe, Asia, and North America: in England it is found throughout the year.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 199 Black-Tailed Godwit... Also called Red godwit (Ireland).
red grosbeak n. U.S. the common cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis.
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1731 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds I. Pl. 57 The Red Grosbeak, or Virginia Nightingale... Some call it the Virginia Nightingale, and in Virginia, &c. they call it the Red-bird, but more properly the Red Grosbeak.
1896 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 35 332 To the topmost branches of these weird-looking trees, brilliant red grosbeaks came and went as I climbed.
1974 Pioneer (Bemidji, Minnesota) 14 Feb. 4/6 They are early migrants from more southern area... The flashy red grosbeak which we would like to entice to our bird feeders, arrives to dine primarily on conifer seeds.
red hawk n. †(a) a yearling peregrine, Falco peregrinus (obsolete); (b) British regional the kestrel, F. tinnunculus; (c) British regional the merlin, F. columbarius.Cf. red falcon n., red tiercel n.
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c1398 in C. Innes Origines Parochiales Scotl. (1854) II. i. 808 [The yearly payment of a] reid haulk.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 225 I do lyke ane rid halk schout.
1770 Ess. Game Laws 9 A red Hawk intended to be trained to Game, ought to be entered to Moor Game long before the 25th of July.
1828 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (new ed.) 32 The young hawks of the year are called red hawks, from the colour of their plumage.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 140 Kestrel... Names given from the red tint of its plumage. Red hawk (Stirling).
1890 J. Watson Nature & Woodcraft 13 The great grouse poachers of the Moors are the beautiful little Merlins... The ‘red hawk’ is plucky beyond its size and strength, and will pull down a partridge.
1903 J. A. Walpole-Bond Bird-life Wild Wales 12 The ‘Red Hawk’, as the Welsh call him is the Kestrel.
red hoop n. British regional the bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula; cf. hoop n.2 2.
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1802 G. Montagu Ornithol. Dict. at Finch—Bul Provincial [names]. Red-hoop. Tony-hoop. Alp. Nope.
1888 Berrow's Worcester Jrnl. 3 Mar. 4/7 As to the ‘local’ names of birds, I here will give..a few... Bullfinch, nope and red-hoop.
2001 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 10 Apr. 26 Bullfinches are known as hoops in the Westcountry, from their calls... Blood olp, red hoop and tonnihood, bud picker and plum bird are other names.
† red hummingbird n. (in full long-tailed red hummingbird) Obsolete rare the crimson topaz, Topaza pella.
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1743 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds I. 32 The Long-tail'd Red Huming-Bird.
red jungle fowl n. a wild fowl, Gallus gallus, which is native to the forests of India and South-East Asia and is the ancestor of the domestic fowl.
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1891 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 13 278 The avi-fauna or the feathered tribe are not very numerous or important in the Sundarban, but among them may be noticed the red jungle fowl (Gallus ferrugineus).
1954 J. Corbett Temple Tiger 119 In our first beat along the edge of the forest we picked up five peafowl, three red jungle fowl, ten black partridge, [etc.].
1991 C. Willock Kingdoms of East iv. 99/2 Red jungle fowl, the ancestors of all our domestic chickens, sun themselves on the edge of the forest.
red kite n. a Eurasian kite, Milvus milvus, which has predominantly reddish-brown plumage and a deeply forked tail.The red kite was exterminated in most of Britain and has been the subject of several successful reintroductions.
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the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > kites > genus Milvus (kite)
gledec725
kitec725
pittelOE
puttockc1175
milan1484
pipe gledea1525
kite-wolf1607
pew-glede1615
red kite1792
royal kite1792
milvine1885
fork-tail1893
shite-hawk1944
1792 N. Owen Caernarvonshire 71 I observed no birds in this region, except the red kite.
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II 491 In some districts this [sc. the black kite] is much commoner than the red kite.
1974 W. Condry Woodlands v. 68 Oakwoods of the Highland Zone are a characteristic habitat of the buzzard and, in Wales, of the red kite also.
2002 P. Long Guide to Rural Wales iv. 136/1 Keep an eye out, too, for red kite, with their distinctive forked tail, quartering the skies above.
red knot n. the knot, Calidris canutus, esp. when in its reddish-brown breeding plumage.
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1824 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. i. 90 Red Knot (Calidris Islandica).
1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 46 Red Knots, knots in summer plumage; grey ditto in autumn, or immature.
1992 Nature Canada Spring 50/1 Mid-June..is marked by the arrival of the High Arctic breeders such as the red knot and sanderling.
red lark n. [with use in South Africa compare Afrikaans rooi lewerk] †(a) chiefly North American the buff-bellied pipit, Anthus rubescens (obsolete); (b) the lark Certhilauda burra, which has a reddish-brown back and is native to an arid area of southern Africa.
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1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. ii. 94 Red-lark. This..bird seems of the size of the last species [sc. tit-lark].
1817 T. Forster Synoptical Catal. Brit. Birds 13 Alauda Pensylvanica, Alauda Rubra, Red Lark.
1884 Auk 1 167 In 1787 Latham gave the ‘Red Lark’ the binomial name Alauda pensilvanica.
1957 G. R. McLachlan & R. Liversidge Roberts' Birds S. Afr. (rev. ed.) 256 Red Lark. Certhilauda burra.
1997 Ostrich 68 31 (title) Geographical variation in Red Lark Certhilauda burra plumage, morphology, song and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes.
red linnet n. British regional (a) the linnet, Acanthis cannabina; †(b) the redpoll, A. flammea (obsolete); (c) the goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis.
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1738 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds III. 68 The Red Linnet, Cock and Hen.
1802 G. Montagu Ornithol. Dict. at Redpole—Greater In these different stages they are commonly known by the name of Brown Linnet, and Red Linnet.
1865 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 1 Feb. 36/1 The yellow-hammer..in Cheshire..is generally known as a ‘goldfinch’, a name which it..merits more than the real goldfinch, while the latter bird is frequently called ‘red linnet’.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 65 Lesser redpoll... Red linnet (West Riding).
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II 515 According to its sex, or the season of the year, it [sc. the linnet] is known as the Red, Grey or Brown Linnet.
1965 Jrnl. Lancs. Dial. Soc. Jan. 23 Goldfinch... Red Linnet: Oldham.
† red lobefoot n. Obsolete = red phalarope n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Phalaropodidae > phalaropus fulicarus (red phalarope)
coot-footed tringa1758
whale-bird1771
red phalarope1776
red lobefoot1819
red coot-foot1828
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Phalaropodidae > phalaropus lobatus
red-necked phalarope1806
red lobefoot1819
red-necked lobefoot1840
red-necked cootfoot1856
1819 J. Ross Voy. Discov. Baffin's Bay App. ii. lix Lobipes Hyperboreas (Red Lobe-foot), commonly named Red Phalarope.
1835 L. Jenyns Man. Brit. Vertebr. Animals 214 L. hyoerboreus..(Red Lobefoot). Crown, nape, and sides of the breast deep ash.
red macaw n. the scarlet macaw, Ara macao.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Psittaciformes (parrots, etc.) > [noun] > genus Ara or macaw
macaw1625
maracana1678
red macaw1704
scarlet macaw1812
1704 Nat. Hist. ii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 189 The Red-Maccaw... The Yellow-Maccaw. These are two Sorts of large Parrots.
1831 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. IV. 288 Compare..the red macaw with the ground parrot of New Holland.
1917 Geogr. Jrnl. 50 172 Great red macaw parrots flew from top to top of the high trees.
1998 Independent on Sunday 11 Jan. (Travel section) 10/2 There are streams of flying and wading birds—toucans, parrots, red and even the endangered hyacinth macaws.
red marlin n. U.S. (now rare) the marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa.
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1876 Forest & Stream 7 149 About of the same size [as the jack curlew] is the red marlin, which has a reddish brown color.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 241/1 Marbled Godwit... Red Curlew; Brant-bird; Marlin; Red Marlin.
1944 L. A. Hausman Illustr. Encycl. Amer. Birds 519 Marlin, Red—see Godwit, Marbled.
red mavis n. U.S. the brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Mimidae > genus Toxostoma (thrasher)
red thrush1789
thrasher1792
brown-thrasher1810
mocking thrush1829
mountain mockingbird1853
red mavis1854
mavis1865
sage thrasher1884
mock-thrush1890
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 171 Upon the topmost spray of a birch, sings the brown-thrasher—or red mavis, as some love to call him.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 179 Brown Thrasher... Other names..Mavis; Red Mavis; Song Thrush.
1957 Warren (Pa.) Times-Mirror 12 July 4/1 This fellow is known as the thrasher, the brown thrush, the sandy mockingbird, the brown mocker, the sandy mocker, the ground thrush, red mavis and perhaps half a dozen other names.
red owl n. chiefly U.S. a reddish colour morph of the screech owl, Otus asio, of eastern North America.
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the world > animals > birds > order Strigiformes or owl > [noun] > family Strigidae > genus Strix > strix ocellata
mottled owl1781
red owl1785
red-horned owl1809
1785 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. II. ii. 231 Red [Owl]... Strix Asio... With yellow irides: horns, head, back, and wings, of a pleasant tawny red.
1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 678 Now the ‘Red Owl’ and the ‘Mottled Owl’ of the older American ornithologists are known to be one species.
1962 T. A. Imhof Alabama Birds 306 Red Owl... The Screech Owl..normally has two color phases.
red partridge n. the red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa.In quot. 1678: apparently the rock partridge, A. graeca.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Alectoris > alectoris rufa (red-legged partridge)
French partridge1611
red-legged partridge1678
red partridge1704
bartavel1774
red-leg1798
Guernsey partridge1802
Frenchman1893
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. xi. 169 Bellonius his Greek Partridge, or great red Partridge..seems to us to be different from the Partridges both of France and Gothland.]
1704 tr. L. Lémery Treat. Foods ii. xxiii. 201 The red Partridge is more esteemed than the others.
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 229 The Red Partridge (Tetrao rufus, Lin.) and five or six others..are peculiar to the eastern hemisphere.
1891 Harper's Mag. Apr. 666 The chief dishes are red partridges and civet de chamois, pine mushrooms, [etc.].
1988 Rangelands 10 256/1 Game animals (deer, wild boar, hare, rabbit, wood pigeon, red partridge) are also consumers of the dehesa primary production.
red phalarope n. the grey phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius, in its breeding plumage, when it has a rufous throat and underparts.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Phalaropodidae > phalaropus fulicarus (red phalarope)
coot-footed tringa1758
whale-bird1771
red phalarope1776
red lobefoot1819
red coot-foot1828
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) II. ii. 492 Red Phalarope.
1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 712 In summer..the whole of the lower parts are bright bay,..and hence it has in this condition been called the Red Phalarope.
1995 Canad. Geographic Mar. 28 (caption) The bogs and lakes pocking the interior of the island are important nesting grounds for many waterfowl species, including the red phalarope.
red ptarmigan n. = red grouse n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Lagopus > lagopus lagopus (red grouse)
moorfowl1504
grouse1531
moor game1611
red game1673
red grouse1769
willow partridge1772
red cock1775
moor-bird1812
red ptarmigan1819
willow grouse1850
willow ptarmigan1872
willow ptarmigan1872
1819 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XI. ii. 294 The Red Ptarmigan is in length fifteen inches and a half.
1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds II. 321 Some authors have called our Red Grouse, the Red Grouse Ptarmigan, the Red Ptarmigan, and the Brown Ptarmigan.
1972 D. Watson Birds Moor & Mountain 56 There was a pair of ptarmigan for every five acres, as high a breeding density as any recorded for red ptarmigan by the Nature Conservancy.
red rail n. U.S. (now rare) the Virginia rail, Rallus limicola.
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1793 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds VIII. 146 Belon calls them black rails, and says they are every where known, and that the species is more numerous than the red rail or land rail.
1874 Forest & Stream 1 325 Where fifty soras are killed but one or two red rails are boated.
1923 U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Circular No. 13. 42 Virginia Rail... Little red rail (Va.);..red rail (N.J., Pa., Del.).
† red sandpiper n. Obsolete = red knot n.
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1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) II. ii. 469 Red [Sandpiper]. Tringa Icelandica... Birds of this species have appeared in great flocks on the coast of Essex.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 194 Knot... From the colour of its summer plumage it has received the names..Red sandpiper (Ireland).
red tanager n. (frequently with distinguishing word) any of several tanagers of the genus Piranga with predominantly red plumage; esp. the scarlet tanager ( P. olivacea) or the summer tanager ( P. rubra).
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1783 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. 217 Red T[anager]. Tanagra Rubra... Inhabits Canada.
1878 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 5 Nov. 3/1 New chatelaine fans have bird handles, a small red tanager or an oriole being mounted on the hollow stem.
1930 Auk 47 226 (title) A study of the Tooth-billed Red Tanager (Piranga flava) of Brazil.
1962 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 1 July 4 b/7 Not our gold and white western tanager but the trans Mississippi red tanager.
red thrush n. (a) U.S. = red mavis n.; (b) British regional the redwing, Turdus iliacus.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Mimidae > genus Toxostoma (thrasher)
red thrush1789
thrasher1792
brown-thrasher1810
mocking thrush1829
mountain mockingbird1853
red mavis1854
mavis1865
sage thrasher1884
mock-thrush1890
1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 60 American Birds [which] have been enumerated [include the] Yellow Rump, Towhe Bird, Red Thrush.
1843 J. J. Audubon Jrnls. (1893) I. 516 The delightful song of the Red Thrush.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 4 Redwing... Red thrush (Midlands).
1962 T. A. Imhof Alabama Birds 397 Red Thrush... This bird is rich reddish-brown above.
† red tiercel n. Obsolete rare a yearling male peregrine, Falco peregrinus; cf. red falcon n., red hawk n.
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1826 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 6) I. 17 The female yearling is termed a red Falcon, the male a red Tercel.
(c) In the names of fishes.
(i) Fishes whose identity is uncertain.
† red lamprey n. Obsolete
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1804 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. V. ii. 261 Red Lamprey, with brownish back.
?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. XI. 474 (heading) The red lamprey.
† red mackerel n. Obsolete
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1803 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 600 Red Mackrel, silvery beneath, with small scales.
1829 J. Chambers Gen. Hist. Norfolk I. 292 There is a species of mackerel chiefly found in the American seas, that, from its colour, is called the red mackerel.
(ii)
red bandfish n. a burrowing bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (family Cepolidae), which is orange-red in colour and found in the Mediterranean and north-eastern Atlantic.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > [noun] > order Lampridiformes > member of genus Cepola (ribbon-fish)
shelp1553
swathe-fish1668
riband fish1751
serpent-fish1753
snake-fish1796
ribbonfish1798
red snakefish1823
red bandfish1828
band-fish1836
red ribbon fish1838
onion-fish1854
red ribbon1858
tape-fish1885
1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 204 Red Band-fish.
1863 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands II. 263 The Red Bandfish is common in the Mediterranean.
1997 Condor 99 776/2 Diet composition tended to be biased towards prey with conspicuous color or shape, such as red bandfish, Cepola rubescens.
red bass n. (a) U.S. = red drum n.; (b) Australian the two-spot red snapper, Lutjanus bohar, of the West Pacific.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > genus Sciaena > sciaena ocellata (red drum)
bass1530
drummer1615
drum1649
red drum1709
drummer fish1725
red fish1763
red sciaena1803
red bass1837
spot1864
school bass1869
channel bass1873
spotfish1875
masooka1884
red horse1884
red1958
1837 J. L. Williams Territory of Florida 105 The white Sand Crab... Good for nothing but to bait the red bass.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 383/2 Red Bass, a fish of Moreton Bay, Mesoprion superbus, family Percidæ.
1943 Sci. News Let. 24 July 61/1 There is one known as the red bass, for example, that is as handsome a fish as an angler ever hauled in.
2002 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 15 Mar. d 6 Known carriers [of ciguatera] such as red bass, chinaman and paddletail are barred from sale in Queensland.
red bream n. (a) Australian an immature snapper, Chrysophrys auratus (family Sparidae); (b) the black-belly rosefish, Helicolenus dactylopterus (family Sebastidae).Cf. red sea bream n.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sparidae (sea-breams) > [noun] > member of genus Pagrus or Chrysophrys (schnapper) > young
red bream1763
cockney1898
1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. III. xxvi. 227 His face had a great resemblance to the Red Bream, as well on account of its colour as the spots which remained.
1857 J. Askew Voy. Austral. & N.Z. 228 The harbour abounds with fish, of which the..black and red bream and the yellow-tail, are used for food.
1924 Truth (Sydney) 27 Apr. 6 Red bream, name given to young schnapper.
1969 A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 477 Blue-mouth (Red Bream) Helicolenus dactylopterus.
1990 Compl. Angler's Guide Spring 50/1 The increasingly popular wreck fishing..can yield cod, pollack, ling, conger eel, red bream and shark.
red char n. a variety of the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus; spec. one in the breeding season; cf. redbelly n. 1.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salvelinus > salvelinus perisii (red char)
torgoch1612
case1658
red char1673
1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 109 There are two sorts taken in Winander-mere. The greater having a red belly they call the red Charre: and the lesser having a white belly, which they call the Gilt or Gelt Charre.
1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 258 The two others [sc. specimens] were inscribed, the Red Charr, the Silver or Gilt Charr.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 109 The case charr..when exhibiting the bright crimson belly which it assumes before spawning,..is called the red charr.
1905 D. S. Jordan Guide Study of Fishes II. iv. 108 The only really well-authenticated species of charr in European waters is the red charr, sälbling, or ombre chevalier.
2000 Environmental Health Perspectives 108 210/2 Traditional food items that are high in nutritive elements and low in contaminants (i.e., red char (Salvelinus salvelinus)).
† red cusk n. U.S. Obsolete rare the red brotula, Brosmophycis marginata (family Bythitidae), a dark reddish, elongated fish of the Pacific coast of North America.
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1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 244 A single species is known in California, the so-called Red-Cusk, Brosmophycis marginatus.
1889 Census Bull. No. 2 in R. P. Porter Prelim. Results 11th Census Bull. (U.S. Dept. of Interior) (1891) I. 3 Cod and its Kindred... The red cusk of California, the grenadier or onion-fish, [etc.].
red dace n. now rare (a) North American the common shiner, Luxilus cornutus (family Cyprinidae); (b) British regional the roach, Rutilus rutilus.
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1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. iv. 208 The Red-fin. Leuciscus cornutus... Associated with the Brook Trout. It has the various popular names of Red-fin, Red Dace, and Rough-head.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 176 [The roach is] sometimes termed red-dace from the colour of its fins.
1884 D. S. Jordan in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 617 The ‘Shiner’, ‘Red-fin’ or ‘Red Dace’ abounds in all streams from New England to Kansas and Alabama.
1911 Rep. Comm. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1908 309/2 Dace, a common name applied to different species of the Cyprinidæ family, generally modified by some descriptive prefix, as ‘horned dace’, ‘red dace’, etc.
1993 Toronto Star (Nexis) 13 May br 2 A rare fish in Canada, the red dace, is present in the west branch of the Humber River.
† red dory n. Obsolete rare the boarfish, Capros aper.
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1803 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 292 Red Dory, Zeus Aper.
red drum n. a bronze-coloured drum fish, Sciaenops ocellatus, found in the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, and having a black spot or spots near the caudal fin.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > genus Sciaena > sciaena ocellata (red drum)
bass1530
drummer1615
drum1649
red drum1709
drummer fish1725
red fish1763
red sciaena1803
red bass1837
spot1864
school bass1869
channel bass1873
spotfish1875
masooka1884
red horse1884
red1958
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 156 Black Drums are a thicker-made fish than the Red Drum.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 362 The Red Drum of our coast, Sciæna ocellata.
1969 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 25 May 5 b/1 A big Channel Bass, or Red Drum as it is called in some circles, lay on the charmingly beautiful wild-beach.
2002 Fly Fisherman Feb. 30/1 Smith Coleman watched a world-record fish swim back into North Carolina's Pamlico Sound as he released a massive red drum (redfish).
red emperor n. chiefly Australian the emperor red snapper of the Indo-Pacific, Lutjanus sebae, found esp. on the Great Barrier Reef.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Lutjanidae (snappers) > member of (snapper)
snapper1697
mangrove snapper1735
red snapper1775
silka1818
sara1837
yelting1873
schoolmaster snapper1876
sea-lawyer1876
silk snapper1876
opakapaka1905
red emperor1936
1936 T. C. Roughley Wonders Great Barrier Reef 9 Some fish from the reef..red emperor and coral trout.
1991 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 20 Jan. 30/9 There may be a lot of red emperor in Queensland waters, but not many of them come as big as the one on the right.
† red garrupa n. Obsolete rare the copper rockfish, Sebastes caurinus, of the Pacific coast of North America, that is typically brown to red above and whitish below.
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1884 D. S. Jordan in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 264 Red Garrupa (Sebastichthys caurinus)... This species is known as ‘Garrupa’, ‘Rock-fish’, and ‘Rock-cod’.
† red gilt-head n. Obsolete the red sea bream, Pagellus bogaraveo.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sparidae (sea-breams) > [noun] > member of (sea-bream)
baleenc1185
sea-bream1530
old wife1585
pargo1589
ruffle1601
sargon1601
sargus1605
sea-liver1611
ruffe1647
silver-fish1703
porgy1725
brassem1731
red gilt-head1776
sparoid1842
panga1902
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 242 Red Gilt-Head.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 37 Pagellus centrodontus... Common sea bream, sharp-toothed sea bream. Red gilt head.
red groper n. Australian (now rare) the female of the blue groper, Achoerodus gouldii, which is brick-red in colour and was formerly thought to be a different species.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > cossyphus gouldii (blue groper) > fish allied to
pigfish1807
hogfish1871
red groper1893
1893 J. D. Ogilby Edible Fishes & Crustaceans New S. Wales 134 (heading) Red Groper.
1962 L. Wedlick Fishing in Austral. iv. 159 The red groper is now considered to be the female of the species.
red grouper n. a large grouper, Epinephelus morio, which is dark brown with pale blotches and a reddish tinge, and is found chiefly in the west Atlantic.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Epinephelus (grouper)
rockfish1605
grouper1615
jewfish1679
mero1763
red grouper1822
kingklip1834
coney1884
redbelly1890
1822 D. Porter Jrnl. Cruise to Pacific Ocean I. vi. 145 We caught our fish... They were chiefly the black, yellow, and red grouper.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 410 The Red Grouper is extremely abundant in the Gulf of Mexico in company with the red snapper.
1999 8 Days 4 Dec. 70/2 Better still, select a fish—Red Tilapia, Sea Bass, Soon Hock or Red Grouper—and ask to have it steamed or fried any way you like.
red gurnard n. (a) the gurnard Aspitrigla cuculus, which is a deep red colour and is found in the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; (b) Australian and New Zealand the blue-fin gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu, an edible Indo-Pacific fish which is reddish or brownish above and white below.
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a1672 F. Willughby Ichthyogr. (1686) Table S 2 Cuculus Salv., Red Gurnard or Rochet.
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 278 The spines are longer and slenderer in those of the red gurnard.
1846 Zoologist 4 1402 The Red Gurnard, Trigla cuculus. This species is frequently called ‘soldier’.
1872 F. W. Hutton & J. Hector Fishes N.Z. 113 Gurnard... The Red Gurnard or Kumukumu..is very abundant during the summer months in the harbours in the north.
1978 N. Coleman Austral. Fisherman's Fish Guide 20 A brilliantly coloured fish when landed on the deck, the red gurnard is..able to change its colours to suit its surroundings.
2006 Cornish Guardian (Nexis) 9 Aug. 64 The red gurnard..is found throughout the English Channel but is comparatively rare in some areas.
red gurnard perch n. the ocean or sea perch, Helicolenus percoides (family Sebastidae), which is mottled with reddish-brown bands and occurs off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.
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1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales 48 Sebastes percoides, a fish of a closely allied genus of the same family... In Victoria it is called the Red Gurnet-perch.
1908 D. G. Stead Edible Fishes New South Wales 108 Red Gurnet Perch (Sebastopistes percoides). This is a rock-frequenting fish usually obtained by hook and line in the vicinity of reefs at sea.
1993 P. J. Kailola et al. Austral. Fisheries Resources v. 241/2 Other common names [of the ocean perch] include red gurnard perch, coral cod, coral perch, red perch, red rock perch and sea perch.
red hind n. originally U.S. a grouper, Epinephelus guttatus, which is reddish-brown with distinctive scarlet spots, and is found in the tropical West Atlantic and Caribbean.
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1896 U.S. National Mus. Bull. 47 1158 Epinephelus maculosus... Red Hind... Spots on body vivid scarlet red... West Indies; Carolina to Brazil.
1985 Gourmet Oct. 150/2 Llew Harvey..aims to offer more, including..rainbow runner, red hind, or ‘whatever fishermen have brought in on that day.’
2002 A. Ristori Compl. Guide Saltwater Fishing iii. 74 Red Hind (Epinephelus guttatus)... Usually referred to as strawberry grouper due to the large red spots on its body.
† red lump n. Obsolete the male lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, which has a reddish underside during the breeding season.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cyclopteridae (lump-fishes) > cyclopterus lumpus (lump-fish)
lump1545
mugle1574
paddle1589
sea-owl1601
snot-fish1655
sea-poult1658
werrell1658
cockpaddle1684
urchin lumpfish1688
bagaty1710
lumpfish1744
sucker1753
suck-fish1753
lump sucker1776
red lump1832
sucking-fish1867
sea-hen1892
1667 N. Fairfax Let. 29 May in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1966) III. 420 I wish I were able to serve Worthy Dr M. in any thing belonging to his Pinax. I have let it out of my hand at present. but as I remember he speaks but of sort of Lump, now we have 2 kinds in our chanell, ye red & ye grey.]
1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine I. Introd. v. 156 Of this sort lumpfish, are two varieties, if not species; the mud or green, and the red lump; both are good to eat.
1873 F. T. Buckland Fam. Hist. Brit. Fishes x. 174 Our fishermen consider them to be different species and call them the Red lump and the Blue lump.
red mullet n. any of the fishes constituting the family Mullidae, which are typically reddish or gold in colour and widely valued for food; esp. either of two mullets of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, Mullus barbatus and (more fully striped red mullet) M. surmuletus; cf. red surmullet n.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Mullidae > member of (red mullet)
mullet1393
rougetc1485
surmulleta1672
red mullet1734
red surmullet1769
bearded gurnard1803
1734 P. Falle Cæsarea ii. 159 The most esteemed is the Mullet, both red and grey.
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 294 There are two species, both of which are European, the Striped Red Mullet, M. surmuletus,..and the Plain Red Mullet, M. barbatus.
1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes xvi. 123 The family Mullidæ, the Red Mullets, are shore fishes of moderate size with large scales.
2002 Daily Tel. 31 May 14/2 Red mullet, never found further north than the English Channel a decade ago, are now found off the west and east coasts of Scotland in commercially fishable numbers.
red paidle n. Scottish (now rare) the male lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus; = red lump n.; cf. paddle n.2
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1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 181 Cock- and hen-paidle or red- and blue-paidle, according to sex.
1907 Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 50 182 [Scotch names.] The sexes are frequently spoken of as cock or hen, or, on account of the differences of color, Red-paidle and Blue-paidle.
red perch n. (a) chiefly Australian and New Zealand any of several reddish serranid fishes; (now esp.) the edible butterfly perch, Caesioperca lepidoptera; (b) U.S. the yellow perch, Perca flavescens; (c) chiefly U.S. the redfish or ocean perch, Sebastes marinus.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Scorpaenidae (scorpion-fishes) > sebastes marinus (red-fish)
snapper1697
rosefish1731
red perch1746
Norway haddock1836
bergylt?1838
red fish1964
1746 tr. D. De Coetlogon Tour through Animal World 116 The Squirrel Fish, or Red Perch, is generally about twelve inches long.
1769 R. Smith Tour Four Great Rivers (1906) 45 Other Fish common in the Lake & other Waters, according to Information are..Red Perch, Catfish.
1819 D. B. Warden Statist., Polit. & Hist. Acct. U.S. I. 431 The following fishes are found in the Lakes Champlain [etc.]..red-perch, white-perch.
1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 400 The common Sebastes, or ‘Red Perch’ at Eastport, feeds upon the same species.
1911 Rep. Comm. Bureau U.S. Fisheries 1908 314 Rosefish... A brilliantly colored fish found off the north Atlantic coast... It is also called ‘red perch’.
1966 T. C. Roughley Fish & Fisheries Austral. (rev. ed.) 35 The red perch has a more southerly distribution than any of the sea perches previously described.
1983 G. C. Becker Fishes Wisconsin 886 Yellow Perch... Other common names..red perch, striped perch.
red ribbon fish n. (also †red ribband fish) rare = red bandfish n.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > [noun] > order Lampridiformes > member of genus Cepola (ribbon-fish)
shelp1553
swathe-fish1668
riband fish1751
serpent-fish1753
snake-fish1796
ribbonfish1798
red snakefish1823
red bandfish1828
band-fish1836
red ribbon fish1838
onion-fish1854
red ribbon1858
tape-fish1885
1838 Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 238 Cepola rubescens.—There has been quite a shoal of the ‘red ribbon fish’ thrown on our beach.
1863 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands II. 262 Red Ribband fish.
1937 J. Squire Honeysuckle & Bee 239 Poor-man's cod, whiting, red ribbon-fish, sea-slugs, crabs of all sizes.
red rock cod n. †(a) the two-spot red snapper, Lutjanus bohar (cf. red bass n. (b)) (obsolete rare); (b) U.S. any of several rockfishes of the genus Sebastes (cf. red rockfish n. (b)); (c) Australian and New Zealand any of several reddish fishes of the families Scorpaenidae and Sebastidae; (now esp.) Scorpaena cardinalis.
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1850 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1849 18: Pt. ii 996 Mesoprion rangus... In our settlements in the Straits it is known under the denomination of the ‘red rock-cod’.
1878 Amer. Naturalist 12 791 Sebastes ruber, the red rock cod, is red enough, but there are two or three other red species of the same genus in our waters.
1880 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 5 430 Scorpaena cruenta..the ‘Red Rock Cod’..Tasmania, Port Phillip, Port Jackson.
1928 Jrnl. Pan-Pacific Res. Inst. 3 13 Sebastodes ruberrimus... Red rock-cod.
1991 M. C. Bradstock Fishing: Guide for Kiwi Kids 21 Red scorpionfish. Other names: grandfather hapuku, grandaddy groper, red rock cod, matuawhaapuku.
red rockfish n. chiefly U.S. †(a) the yellowfin grouper, Mycteroperca venenosa, in its red-coloured form (obsolete); (b) any of various reddish fishes of the family Sebastidae, found off the Pacific coast of North America (cf. red rock cod n. (b)).
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1842 A. Rowand in Ethnohistory (1978) 25 369 A goodly supply of deer carcasses, with salmon, cod, red-rock fish and herrings.]
1876 G. B. Goode Classif. Coll. Illustr. Animal Resources U.S. 57 Trisotropis guttatus... With some doubt I refer to this species the Red Rock-fish of the Bermuda market.
1884 in Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 265 Red Rock-fish (Sebastichthys ruber)... This species is usually the ‘Red Rock-fish’ par excellence.
1976 Compar. Biochem. & Physiol. 54 121/2 Red rock fish (Sebastodes ruberrimus) were collected by hook near the Campbell River.
2007 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 30 May d7/6 Red rockfish dominate the overall catches.
red salmon n. (a) the sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka; (in early use also) †the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (obsolete); (b) the reddish flesh of a salmon, esp. the sockeye, used as food.
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1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth f. 11v They haue besides these that breed in the volgha a fish called the Riba bela, or white salmon which they account more delicate then they do the redde salmon wherof also they haue exceeding great plentie in the riuers northward.
1666 R. Fage St. Leonard's Hill 15 There's the red Salmon too, both good and great, And Carps, fit only for great Kings to eat.
1764 tr. G. F. Mueller Voy. Asia to Amer. (ed. 2) 85 He met with a cellar, and in it a store of red salmon.
1825 J. D. Cochrane Narr. Pedestrian Journey Russia (ed. 3) I. Pref. p. xx Red salmon constitute the next quantity, and are universally used by all classes, by being boiled, or dried up into youkola.
1848 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 7 Oct. 238/1 The fish was very good..except the red salmon, which was spoiled to my taste by the quantity of olive oil poured over it.
1908 Amer. Naturalist 42 198 A majority of the young red salmon spend their first winter in the lakes, while the other species leave early for the sea.
1994 R. Gunesekera Reef (1998) 49 A nice red salmon dish could be on the table in twelve minutes flat, and they would both love it.
† red sciaena n. Obsolete rare = red drum n.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > genus Sciaena > sciaena ocellata (red drum)
bass1530
drummer1615
drum1649
red drum1709
drummer fish1725
red fish1763
red sciaena1803
red bass1837
spot1864
school bass1869
channel bass1873
spotfish1875
masooka1884
red horse1884
red1958
1803 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 541 Red Sciæna, with connected dorsal fins, spiny head, and a very long spine on the anterior gill-cover.
red sea bream n. †(a) a fish of the West Pacific that can cause ciguatera poisoning, apparently a red snapper of the genus Lutjanus or Symphorus (obsolete); (b) any of several reddish fishes of the family Sparidae; esp. Pagellus bogaraveo of the eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean, and Pagrus major of the north-west Pacific (cf. red bream n.).
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1778 J. Trusler Descriptive Acct. Islands Discov. South-Seas 130 Upon the coast [of Mallicolo, i.e. Malekula in Vanuatu] is caught a poisonous fish called a Red Sea-bream, which, if eaten in any quantity, will prove fatal.
1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 104 The Spanish Bream. Pagellus erythrinus... Erythrinus Rondeletii, Red Sea Bream, Walcott's MS.
1989 Copeia No. 4. 1073/2 Tanaka and Katayama..enhanced the coloration of red sea bream, Pagrus major, with a diet of sea mussels.
2000 Daily Tel. 11 July 2/7 Most of the species at risk—including..black scabbardfish, orange roughy and red sea bream—were already ‘over-exploited’.
† red snakefish n. Obsolete = red bandfish n.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > [noun] > order Lampridiformes > member of genus Cepola (ribbon-fish)
shelp1553
swathe-fish1668
riband fish1751
serpent-fish1753
snake-fish1796
ribbonfish1798
red snakefish1823
red bandfish1828
band-fish1836
red ribbon fish1838
onion-fish1854
red ribbon1858
tape-fish1885
1823 J. Couch in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 76 Red Snakefish. Cepola rubescens.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 214 Red band-fish or red snake-fish, owing to its colour, appearance, and movements.
red snapper n. (a) any of various important marine food fishes of the family Lutjanidae; esp. Lutjanus campechanus of the west Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico; (b) chiefly New Zealand any of various reddish fishes; esp. the golden snapper or redfish, Centroberyx affinis (cf. nannygai n.); (c) North American a rockfish of the genus Sebastes (family Sebastidae); esp. the yelloweye rockfish, S. ruberrimus, of the east Pacific.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Lutjanidae (snappers) > member of (snapper)
snapper1697
mangrove snapper1735
red snapper1775
silka1818
sara1837
yelting1873
schoolmaster snapper1876
sea-lawyer1876
silk snapper1876
opakapaka1905
red emperor1936
1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 52 The fish caught here..are such as..red, grey and black snappers, dog snappers, mutton-fish.
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. iv. 139 A red snapper, for all the world like a gigantic gold fish, was hauled on board.
1872 F. W. Hutton & J. Hector Fishes N.Z. 106 Red Snapper. (Scorpis Hectori). This is described as a new species by Captain Hutton.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 395 In the Gulf of Mexico the Red Snapper is exceedingly abundant.
1921 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 4 115 Caesioperca lepidoptera... Red Perch. Called ‘red snapper’ or ‘St. Peter's fish’ in Queen Charlotte and Pelorus Sounds.
1944 Alaska Sportsman July 19 Even our Alaska red snapper is not a red snapper, nor is it a red cod. It is a variety of rock fish.
1966 R. B. Doogue & J. M. Moreland N.Z. Sea Anglers' Guide 211 Red Snapper... The red snapper belongs to a very different group of fishes to our common snapper... Other names..golden snapper; nannygai (Australia); koarea (Maori).
1973 Nature 6 July 49/1 The red snapper, Etelis marshi (an Indian Ocean fish).
1978 Alaska Fishing Guide 87 The red or scarlet rockfish is commonly called the red snapper in Alaska because of its superficial resemblance to the true red snapper in the Atlantic.
2003 Philadelphia July 137 As an entrée, we had..a dish filled with mussels, clams, shrimp, crab, lobster, halibut and red snapper, served over tagliatelle.
† red sole n. Obsolete rare the solenette, Buglossidium luteum.
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1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 45 Solea lutea... Little sole: Red sole.
red surmullet n. now rare a red mullet, esp. Mullus barbatus.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Mullidae > member of (red mullet)
mullet1393
rougetc1485
surmulleta1672
red mullet1734
red surmullet1769
bearded gurnard1803
1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 227 The Red Surmullet... This fish was highly esteemed by the Romans, and bore an exceeding high price.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 23 The M[ullus] barbatus is known as the red surmullet.
1910 Amer. Naturalist 44 636 Dr Louis Fage discusses in great detail the variations in the red surmullet of Europe.
red trout n. †(a) a reddish trout found in lakes, probably the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (obsolete); (b) North American either of two North American trout, the lake trout, Savelinus namaycush, and the brook trout, S. fontinalis.
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1750 C. Smith Antient & Present State Cork I. ii. iv. 286 A lake stored with a species of red trout, which never rise at a fly.
1766 J. Rowe Diary 94 [I] caught a fine Red Trout.
1834 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom X. 418 Naturalists are more agreed in separating Salmo savelinus..under the name of Alpinus, (the red trout, charr, of the English) which has red spots on the flanks.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 488 The Lake Trout has other appellatives..‘Tyrant of the Lake’, ‘Laker’, ‘Red Trout’.
1966 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 24 Sept. 31/3 Salmon and ouananiche literally rub fins with great lakers and scarlet speckled trout, the so-called red trout of Quebec.
2006 N.Y. Mag. (Nexis) 29 May Delicately smoked red trout and sturgeon.
red tub n. British regional (now rare) a gurnard; esp. the tub gurnard, Chelidonichthys lucernus (cf. tub n.1 8).
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1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 42 From West bay to the Land's End, where the Gurnards are called Tubs, Tubfish and, in reference to colour, Red Tubs.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 61 Trigla hirundo,..tub-fish, or tubbot: sea crow: red tubs: smooth sides.
red wrasse n. the female cuckoo wrasse, Labrus mixtus, which is orange or bright red with three brown spots on the back.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > genus Labrus > labrus mixtus (red wrasse)
cook wrasse1803
red wrasse?a1808
cook fish1888
?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. X. 92 We find this fish also on our own coasts; it is known in the isle of Anglesea by the name of the red wrasse.
1881 Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 75 The Cook Wrasse (Labrus mixtus)..is also known..as the Red Wrasse, Striped Wrasse, and Spotted Wrasse.
1942 Biol. Bull. 82 278 Younger specimens and usually the females..of this wrasse (‘striped wrasse’ or ‘red wrasse’) are richly equipped with erythrophores.
(d) In distinguishing names of plants with red flowers, fruits, wood, bark, etc.; (also) designating the fruits, wood, etc., of such plants.
red alder n. any of several trees with reddish wood; esp. an alder of western North America, Alnus rubra, and a South African tree, the rooi els, Cunonia capensis (family Cunoniaceae); (also) the wood of any of these trees. [In quot. 1755 after Norwegian rødor. In later use with reference to the South African tree after South African Dutch roode els rooi els n.]
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1755 A. Berthelson tr. E. Pontoppidan Nat. Hist. Norway i. 141 The alder-tree, is of two kinds; viz. the roedoor, or red alder, this is the most common, and the leaves of it are somewhat rough; and Svartoor, black alder.
1822 W. J. Burchell Trav. I. 143 Its colonial name is Rood Elze (Red Alder), although the tree has not..the least resemblance to the Alder of Europe.
1914 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Tribune 3 June 8/2 Manufacturers have found that red alder from the Pacific coast is a suitable material for clothespins.
1970 S. Morris & W. J. Van Aardt in Standard Encycl. S. Afr. II. 569 The indigenous timbers of South Africa, such as stinkwood..and red alder, are too scarce and expensive to be regarded as structural timber now.
1997 High Country News 17 Mar. 12/2 Another loan helps a company in Oregon's Willamette Valley turn that red alder into furniture marketed as a ‘green’ product.
red alpine catchfly n. now rare a rare red-flowered alpine campion, Lychnis alpina, that grows in meadows and rocky areas of Europe and North America (cf. catchfly n.).
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1850 W. J. Hooker & G. A. W. Arnott Brit. Flora (ed. 6) 61 L. alpina L. (red alpine Catchfly).
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 192 Among the pebbles grows the red alpine catchfly.
2003 Trail Nov. 143/1 If you like your wildflowers then you might care to examine the ground underfoot a little more closely to try to find Lakeland's rarest plant—the red alpine catchfly—which grows in the area.
red American larch n. now rare = red larch n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > larch and allies > [noun]
larch1548
larch-tree1548
black larch1752
larix1754
alerce1774
red American larch1785
hackmatack1793
tamarack1805
German larch1838
mountain larch1850
Japanese larch1861
1785 H. Marshall Amer. Grove 103 Pinus-Larix rubra. Red American Larch-Tree.
1908 N. L. Britton N. Amer. Trees 51 Western Larch—Larix occidentalis... This, the largest known species of its genus, is also called Red American Larch.
red archangel n. either of two nettles, (a) red dead-nettle, Lamium purpureum (now historical); (b) †a hemp nettle (genus Galeopsis), perhaps G. ladanum, with purple flowers (obsolete).
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > dead-nettle or hemp-nettle
blind-nettleeOE
nettleeOE
dead-nettle1398
red archangela1425
red dead-nettlea1425
archangel1440
deaf-nettlec1440
swan's tonguec1450
dea-nettle?1530
henbit1597
nettle-hemp1597
day-nettle1635
base horehound1736
Ballota1778
weasel-snout1796
hemp-nettle1801
glidewort1866
Lamium1974
a1425 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 33 [Archangelica rubea] reed archangele.
1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Galeopsis Galeobdon Romanis labeo, uulgo Rede archangell.
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. D.ijv Galeopsis after my iudgemente is the herbe, whiche is called in englishe red Archaungel... It groweth in hedges.
1634 T. Johnson Mercurius Bot. 46 Lamium rubrum... Red Archangell, small dead Nettle.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 527 Lamium purpureum... Red Dead Nettle, or Archangel. Dee Nettle. Rubbish, cornfields, and kitchen gardens.
1882 Littell's Living Age 22 July 146/1 Something more than mere commemoration must have given to the common dead nettle the name of the red archangel.
1952 P. Mann Systematics Flowering Plants ii. 197 (in figure) Genus Lamium... Gerard called Red Archangel, of this genus, Urtica non mordax, or Non-stinging Nettle, Urtica being still used as the generic name of the Stinging Nettle.
† red asphodel n. Obsolete rare a plant resembling the white asphodel but with red flowers.
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1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 87 Red Asphodill.
Red Astrachan n. (also red astracan, red astrakhan) a red-skinned dessert apple of Russian origin, grown chiefly in the United States.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pome-paradise1601
French pippin1629
gillyflower1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
calville1691
passe-pomme1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
Sturmer Pippin1831
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Macoun1924
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
pippin?1435
pomewater?1435
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
sweeting1530
pomeroyal1534
renneta1568
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
russeting1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
reinette1582
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pomeroy1600
short-start1600
jenneting1601
pome-paradise1601
russet coat1602
John apple1604
honey apple1611
honeymeal1611
musk apple1611
short-shank1611
spice apple1611
French pippin1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
renneting1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
reinetting1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
white-wining1676
russet1686
calville1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
musk1708
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
wine apple1802
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
wine-sap1826
Jonathan1831
Sturmer Pippin1831
rusty-coat1843
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Cornish gilliflowerc1850
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
nutmeg pippin1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Melba apple1928
Melba1933
Mutsu1951
Newtown1953
discovery1964
1822 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 4 47 The Red Astrachan Apple, imported from Sweden, but now growing here, is one of the very best early apples.
1847 J. M. Ives New Eng. Bk. Fruit 36 Red Astracan.—This beautiful apple is of medium size, of a round and rather flat form.
1948 Newsweek 30 Aug. 32/1 The best and most popular American apples are descended from Russian apple trees—Borominka, Titovka, Red Astrakhan, Alma Ata—imported into the United States a hundred years ago.
2006 B. E. Juniper & D. J. Mabberley Story of Apple ii. 67 Phase 1 apples are soft and thin-skinned, bruising very easily... An example from Russia is ‘Red Astrachan’.
red bartsia n. a Eurasian plant, Odontites vernus (formerly included in the genus Bartsia), which has spikes of pink-purple flowers and is common in dry grassland and cornfields, where it grows as a hemiparasite.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > other weeds
zizanya1400
hog's fennel1525
zizania1526
eyebright1578
henbit1578
red eye-bright1657
common orache1728
sitfast1762
winter weed1787
dubbeltjie1795
red bartsia1805
tread-softly1814
rattlesnake leaf1822
popple1855
horse-nettle1860
Cape weed1878
tree-tobacco1895
king devil1898
khaki weed1907
white top1909
three-corner jack1919
1805 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XX. 1415 Bartsia Odontites..Red Bartsia.
1857 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 104 Red Bartsia..is a very common plant in corn-fields, or on dry banks.
1967 New Phytologist 66 285 Plants of the hemiparasite Odontites verna (red bartsia) benefited markedly through association with barley.
1984 Times 20 Aug. 24/4 Red bartsia is common: the leaves at the top are the same colour as the flower, as though the purplish pink of the petals had run down and soaked into them.
† red batata n. Obsolete sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > sweet potato
potato1565
batata1577
potato root1583
Spanish potato1599
red batata1696
Virginia potato1715
sweet potato1750
yam1753
kumara1773
boniato1800
camote1842
Carolina potato1848
Carolina1884
mickey1936
kau kau1937
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > sweet potato
batata1577
potato root1583
red batata1696
sweet potato1750
yam1753
kumara1773
camote1842
Carolina1884
1696 H. Sloane Catal. Plantarum in Jamaica 54 Red Batatas.
1704 Nat. Hist. ix, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 242 Red Battata's. These are red throughout, and ting the Hands blew, and a Knife black.
1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 159/1 Farinaceous Roots and Fruits.—Red Batata, Fruits of Chayota.
red bay n. an evergreen tree, Persea borbonia (family Lauraceae), with reddish-brown bark, which is found in swampy areas of the south-eastern United States.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > bay-tree and allies > [noun]
laure971
laurela1375
laurel-treea1375
laurya1400
Daphnec1430
bay1530
sweet bay1716
red bay1731
bay-gall1775
sweet bay laurel1858
Oregon myrtle1908
1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. iv. Pl. 63 The Red Bay... The wood is fine grain'd, and of excellent use for Cabinets.
1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum III. xciii. 1299 Laurus Carolinensis... The Carolina Laurel, or Red Bay.
1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling iv. 35 The red bay thicket seemed impenetrable.
2000 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Club 127 37/2 Some stands supported canopy-sized..individuals of species normally relegated to the midstory: Persea borbonia (redbay),..and Oxydendron arboreum (sourwood).
† red beefwood n. Obsolete rare a Jamaican shrub, Ardisia coriacea (family Myrsinaceae).
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1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 781 Red Beef-wood.
1889 Cent. Dict. at Beefwood Red beefwood, of Jamaica, Ardisia coriacea, a myrsinaceous shrub.
red beet n. a form of root beet, Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, grown for its dark red root, which is eaten esp. as a salad vegetable; = beetroot n.; cf. white beet n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1g(b)(ii).
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > beet or beetroot
beetc1000
red beet1541
white beet1542
beetroot1597
beet-raves1719
blood-beet1818
spinach beet1842
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > beet
beetc1000
red beet1541
spinach beet1842
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. ii. f. 76v The rootes of red beetes.
1577 Hill's Gardeners Labyrinth ii. ii. 15 The blacke or redde Beete boyled with the pulse Lentiles, and the same receyued, stayeth a loose Bellie.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xviii. 225 If you would make choise of faire beets chuse rather the white then either the blacke or red.
1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 197 Beet-raves, or Beet-Radishes, that is, Red Beets, produce roots for Sallads.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 651 The Red Beet... The turnip-rooted is an early variety with the roots round.
1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game xv. 195 Red beets owe their pleasing hue to a group of red-violet betalains known as ‘betacyanins’.
red behen n. now rare (originally) an unidentified plant whose root was used medicinally; (in later use) sea lavender (genus Limonium) (see behen n. 1).
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1579 W. Bullein Bk. Compoundes f. 9, in Bulwarke of Def. Rootes both of the whyte and red Behen.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. ii. xxviii. 47/2 Of White and Red Behen, or Ben... The Red Ben is a Root brought to us..from Mount Libanus, and other Places of Syria.
1754 J. Hill Useful Family Herbal 35 Red Behen..a Common wild Plant about our Sea-Coasts..also called by some Sea Lavender.
1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 195/2 If grown in gardens, salt should be cautiously administered to the red behen.
1964 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 54 41/2 The English ‘Behen’ is derived from the Arabic bahman, and is commonly used to designate the bladder campion (the white behen), and the sea lavender (the red behen)... The Persian bahman refers to the medicinally used roots of a plant resembling a large radish.
redberry n. (a) any of several North American plants with red fruits, esp. the red baneberry, Actaea rubra, and a buckthorn of the south-western United States, Rhamnus crocea; (b) (more fully Australian red-berry) any of several Australian saltbushes of the genus Rhagodia (family Chenopodiaceae), with fleshy red fruits; (c) Newfoundland the edible fruit of the lingonberry, a variety of cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > Australasian
redberry1785
five-corner1826
wax-cluster1834
mako1848
makomako1848
snowberry1880
sea-berry1884
ground-berry1889
wineberry1889
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ranunculaceae (crowfoot and allies) > [noun] > baneberry
herb Christophera1450
rattlesnake herb1737
baneberry1755
richweed1762
redberry1785
1785 G. Washington Diary 28 Jan. (1925) II. 338 I discovered..the red berry of the Swamp.
1806 M. Clark in Lewis & Clark Exped. (1905) V. 302 The [river] bottoms..[are] covered with timber..together with the red berry or Buffalow Grees bushes.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 114/2 Red-berry, or Sea-berry, Australian, the genus Rhagodia.
1916 Standard Cycl. Hort. V. 2924/2 [Rhamnus] crocea. Red-berry. Evergreen shrub to 3 ft., with rigid branches... Calif.
1933 E. Merrick True North 306 Last came the redberry pie and the fourth cup of tea.
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 1754/1 Rhagodia..Australian Red Berry.
2004 J. Trehane Blueberries, Cranberries, & Other Vacciniums ii. ii. 77 Small quantities [of lingonberries] are harvested commercially in Nova Scotia (here they are known as foxberries) and Labrador (known as redberries).
red bilberry n. either of two red-berried shrubs of the genus Vaccinium, V. vitis-idaea and V. parvifolium; (also) the fruit of these plants (cf. red whortleberry n.).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > cow-berry bush
red whorts1578
red whortleberry1597
red bilberry1652
cow-berry1800
1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 16 The Red Bilberry, or whortle-bush, riseth up like the former, having sundry harder Leaves, like the Box-Tree Leaves.
1767 J. Robertson Jrnl. 20 June in D. M. Henderson & J. H. Dickson Naturalist in Highlands (1994) ii. 43 The plants I observed in flower [on Ben Nevis] were..Vaccinium Myrtillus Common Bil, Blea-berry..Vitis idaea Red Bil-berry [etc.].
1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) iii. i. 746 The red bilberry, or cowberry [printed crowberry], Vaccinium Vitis Idæa... The fruit is acid and somewhat bitter, but makes a very good rob or jelly.
1942 Brittonia 4 225 The highbush red bilberry, Vaccinium parvifolium Smith, is one of the characteristic shrubs of the lowlands and mountain valleys from Santa Cruz and Fresno Counties, California, northward into Alaska.
1995 Washington Post (Nexis) 16 July e2 The airelle is not a mushroom but the red bilberry, vaguely reminiscent of our cranberry.
red bine n. (also †red bind) now rare a variety of hop-plant (said to produce an inferior hop); see bind n. 2b, bine n. 1c.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > hop-plant
hop1538
hop-vine1707
bine1732
red bine1763
Golding1794
whitebine1798
green bind1805
hop-plant1817
grape hop1838
fuggle1898
1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. 419 The several kinds and goodness of hops may..be known by the colour of the vines, binds, or stalks..the red binds bear the brown hop, which is the least esteemed.
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 744 There is only one species of this plant in cultivation, but which has several varieties, as the red-bind, the green-bind, the white-bind.
1855 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 441/1 The Flemish red bines..will grow on light silicious soils... They produce a poor, thin hop.
1999 Gene 239 174/1 Osvald's clone 72 of Žatec semi-early red-bine hop..was used for DNA isolations.
red bird's-eye n. chiefly English regional (now rare) †(a) the pheasant's eye, Adonis annua (obsolete) (b) herb Robert, Geranium robertianum; (c) = red campion n.
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Adonis Bird's-Eye, or Pheasant's-Eye... There are but three Varieties of this Plant to be met with in the English Gardens, viz. 1... The common red Bird's-eye.
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 22 Bird's-Eyes, from its bright blue flowers, Veronica chamaedrys... Red-, Geranium robertianum.
1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 43 Bird's-eye, Red, (1) Lychnis diurna, Sibth.-Radnor (borders of Hereford). (2) Geranium Robertianum..Oxf.
1934 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 21 330 Lychnis dioica L.—Red Campion or Red Bird's-eye.
† red blite n. Obsolete any of several amaranths or pigweeds, esp. Amaranthus blitum.
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. ii. 547 The great red Bleete is much lyke the other, sauing that his stalkes be very red.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. ii. 547 The small red Blite hath stalkes red as blood.
1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1656) 38 The Red blite is in all things like the White, but [etc.].
1795 J. Berkenhout Synopsis Nat. Hist. Great Brit. (ed. 3) II. 281 Amaranthus... Blitum. Small red Blite.
red bottle-brush n. any of several Australian bottle-brushes of the genus Callistemon, esp. C. speciosus, which has spiked flowers with conspicuous long red stamens and is often grown as an ornamental shrub in warm countries.
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1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 389 ‘Red Bottle-brush’. (The flowers of some species of Callistemon are like bottle-brushes in shape.)
1946 A. P. Benthall Trees of Calcutta 249 Callistemon lanceolatus..red bottle-brush, mountain rata... The bright red, drooping spikes of flowers are handsome.
2005 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 16 Oct. i21 The aptly named red bottlebrush (Callistemon speciosus) with its flower spikes of ‘bristly’ stamens is but one example... It is said that more grow in California than in all of Australia.
red box n. Australian any of several eucalypts with reddish wood, esp. Eucalyptus polyanthemos; (also) †a related tree, Lophostemon confertus (obsolete).
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1878 R. B. Smyth Aborigines Victoria II. 160 Red-box—Tee-ring.
1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 273 Eucalyptus populifolia... Variously called ‘Poplar Box’, ‘Red Box’, ‘White Box’, [etc.].
1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 608 Tristania conferta... In Northern New South Wales it has the following names:—‘White Box’, ‘Red Box’, ‘Brush Box’, [etc.].
1900 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 25 597 A new Eucalypt with pale leaves appears, E. intertexta... It is known variously as ‘Red Box’, ‘Bastard Box’, and is one of the largest trees in the west.
1985 Trees & Nat. Resources Sept. 32 Wastelands such as railway sidings have local species among the weeds. Species include..Eucalyptus polyanthemos (Red Box), [etc.].
† red bramble n. Obsolete (probably) = red briar n.
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c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 206 (MED) Tak lytwort..bugle, sanicle, red brembel.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 48 (MED) Take þe croppe of þe reed brymbyll.
a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 174 Take a pound of Rue, of Rosemary,..Mugwort, of the tops of red brambles..of each a pound. Put these Compounds in a Pot, fill it with White-wine above the herbs, so let it stand four days.
1710 ‘W. M.’ Queen's Closet Opened (ed. 11) 105 Take of Broom-flowers two little handfuls; of red Bramble-leaves, one little handful (this form of Bramble bears but three leaves together, and grows low on the Ground).
red briar n. (more fully red briar rose) now rare any pink-flowered wild rose, esp. the dog rose, Rosa canina.
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c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 177 Croppes of þe rede cool, croppes of þe rede brere.
a1500 in M. R. James Catal. MSS Gonville & Caius (1907) II. 487 Herbes for a saled: letuse parselan, persely..crop of þe rede brere.
a1651 E. Grey Choice Man. (1653) 55 Take red Sage, Hearb-grace, Elder leaves, red Briar leaves, of each one handful, stamp them and strain them with a quart of white Wine.
1897 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 28 Feb. 14/7 She plucks the red briar rose, the woodbine its lover.
1915 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News 2 Sept. 6/3 Nothing but a branch of red briar will hurt him, but since I am blind I cannot find it.
red broomrape n. a reddish Eurasian broomrape, Orobanche alba, which grows as a root parasite of thyme and other plants of the family Lamiaceae ( Labiatae).
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1807 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XXV. 1786 Orobanche rubra. Red Fragrant Broom-rape... This curious species of Orobanche, which appears to be hitherto entirely undescribed, was discovered by John Templeton, Esq. growing plentifully on the basaltic rock at Cavehill near Belfast..1805.]
1821 W. J. Hooker Flora Scotica i. xiv. 191 O[robanche] rubra (red Broom-Rape), stem simple, cor. tubular, its upper lip 2-lobed lower one in 3 equal obtuse lobes, stam. partially glanduloso-pilose, style glabrous.
1950 J. E. Lousley Wild Flowers of Chalk & Limestone xiv. 197 Red Broomrape, Orobanche alba (which sometimes has whitish flowers in the Alps), has been found on the scars in several places [sc. in Wensleydale].
1983 Times 30 Sept. 2/8 The names of the wild flowers are a poem in themselves:..squinancy-wort, bluegrass, red goosefoot, red broomrape, [etc.].
red bryony n. white bryony, Bryonia cretica subsp. dioica, which has red berries.
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1863 R. Hogg & G. W. Johnson Wild Flowers Great Brit. II. Pl. 273 Bryonia dioica, Red bryony. Its most common names Red-berried Bryony and Wild Vine scarcely need any explanation.
1919 A. R. Horwood New Brit. Flora III. 182 Bryony is called Bryon, Red or White Bryony, Cowbind, Cow's Lick, Cucurd, Elphamy, [etc.].
2005 I. Alford tr. D. Frohne & H. J. Pfänder Poisonous Plants (ed. 2) 161/2 Microscopically..the red fruits of the black bryony are readily distinguished from those of the red bryony by a number of features.
red buckeye n. a shrubby buckeye, Aesculus pavia, originating in the southern United States and having bright red flowers.
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1849 Spirit of Times 22 Sept. 366/2 The thick underbrush, composed in part of the red buckeye, with its brilliant blossoms.
1901 C. T. Mohr Plant Life Alabama 133 Large live oaks, aged magnolias, and pignut hickories cover these heaps, along with dense copses of the red buckeye.
1988 Yankee May 21/2 Hummingbirds (ruby-throated only) love to home in on red buckeyes.
redbush n. [after Afrikaans rooibos rooibos n.] = rooibos n. 2.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > tea-plant > [noun] > types of
herb of Paraguay1672
Indian tea1709
Algerian tea1728
Appalachian tea1728
Arabian tea1728
Canary tea1728
golden rod tea1728
Malay tea1728
Paraguay1728
South Sea tea1728
monarda1752
Oswego tea1752
Paraguay tea1760
Labrador tea1767
maté1768
marsh rosemary1777
blue mountain tea1785
alstonia1806
Ceylon tea1814
Canada tea1817
yerba-maté1818
honey bush1840
Wild Bergamot1843
Hottentot tea1850
kaffir tea1850
khat1858
Brazil tea1866
Mexican tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
rooibos1915
redbush1946
Hudson's Bay tea1948
bergamot1958
1946 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 14 May 4/2 ‘Rooibos’ (Redbush) tea is developing into quite an industry in Cape Province.
1998 Univ. Oxf. Bot. Garden News Autumn 9/2 The red bush [sc. Aspalathus linearis] is actually an indigenous crop but so many large areas of land have been cleared in order to grow it that it is now creating concerns among conservationists.
2007 Western Daily Press 23 July 13 In an effort to get my blood pressure down, I have switched to green tea, redbush, camomile, peppermint, and kid myself I feel better for it.
red cabbage n. (originally more fully †red cabbage cole) a variety of cabbage with reddish-purple leaves, used as a vegetable, in salads, and for pickling.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > types of > other types of cabbage
red coleOE
brisoka1340
red colewort?a1500
rape-cole1597
red cabbage1597
loaf-cabbage1727
sugar-loaf1766
drumhead1783
sugar-loaf cabbage1786
Yorkshire cabbage1786
York1823
palm-kale1853
Scotch curlies1855
thousand-head kale1887
cut-and-come-again1888
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. xxxvi. 245 (caption) Brassica capitata rubra. Red cabbage Cole.
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole ii. xxxvii. 504 The red Cabbage is like vnto the white, but differing in colour and greatnesse.
1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments iii. 29 Red Cabbage is reckon'd a Medicine in Consumptions and spittings of Blood.
1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Kitchen Garden 55 The Red cabbage..is generally eaten in that shape of a stew..(especially during Lent, when it forms an excellent meagre dish).
1928 H. A. Jones & J. T. Rosa Truck Crop Plants v. vii. 144 Red Cabbage..is grown only to a small extent in this country and is used mainly for pickling.
2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 190 The meat special is roast pheasant with port wine sauce and braised red cabbage.
red chamomile n. any of several plants of the genus Adonis, esp. pheasant's eye, A. annua, a weed with bright red flowers and leaves like those of chamomile, formerly frequent in cornfields of southern England but now more commonly grown as an ornamental.
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1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Camomille Red Camomill, red Maithe,..Adonis red flower.
1710 W. Salmon Botanologia I. 1/1 It is called..in English Adonis flower, Red Camomil, Red Maithes.
1834 W. Baxter Brit. Phænogamous Bot. I. § 7 Adonis autumnalis... Besides the english names given above, it has been called..Red Chamomile and Rose-a-rubie. Miller informs us..that great quantities of the flowers of this plant were annually brought to London, and sold on the streets.
1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) ii. 34 One of the most attractive of the cornfield weeds prevalent in the past is Red Chamomile (Adonis annua) with a cup-shaped flower like a very small garden Anemone, the petals deep scarlet with a dark patch at their base and the leaves finely divided, superficially resembling those of Chamomile Daisy, hence the popular name.
1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 556 Small fruited pheasant's eye, pheasant's eye... Adonis microcarpa DC.... Alternative names: red chamomile.
red campion n. a Eurasian campion, Silene dioica (formerly and sometimes still included in the genus Lychnis), with bright pink scentless flowers, common in moist woodlands and hedgerows; cf. white campion n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1g(b)(ii).
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > campion and ragged robin
cow-rattle14..
campion1576
behen1578
crowsoap1578
white campion1578
catchfly1597
feather-top wild campion1597
frothy poppy1597
lime-wort1597
nonsuch1597
sea campion1597
spattling poppy (also campion)1597
Greek rose1601
lychnis1601
knap-bottle1640
moss pink1641
Lobel's catchfly1664
red robin1678
moss campion1690
red campion1728
round robin1741
Silene1751
Nottingham catchfly1762
silenal1836
Robin Hood1844
thunder-flower1853
gunpowder weed1860
sea-catchfly1864
robin redbreast1880
poppy1886
thunderbolt1886
rattleweed1893
cancer1896
bladder-campion-
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. cxxvii. 469 Lychnis sylvestris rubello flore. Red wilde Campion.]
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Lychnis The double wild Campion..is very like both in Roots, Leaves, Stalks and Flowers, unto the ordinary wild red Campion, but somewhat less.
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 240 [Lychnis dioica] White Campion, the female. Red Campion, the male. Anglis.
1847 C. C. Babington Man. Brit. Bot. (ed. 2) 47 L[ychnis] diurna (Sibth.)... Damp hedgebanks... Red Campion.
1939 A. G. Tansley Brit. Islands & their Vegetation iv. xiii. 285 The red campion, though extremely abundant in many parts, is entirely and rather inexplicably absent from certain counties of southern England.
1999 Times 18 Oct. 20/8 Red campion lingers in the shelter of hedges.
red carrot n. a variety of carrot with red or dark orange flesh.
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. xxxviii. 601 Staphilinus niger, Red Carrot... The red Carrot is lyke to the aforesaid [yellow carrot] in the cuttes of his leaves.
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. ccccvii. 1028 The red Carrot is of like facultie with the yellow. The seed of them both is hot and drie.
1849 W. Raynbird & H. Raynbird On Agric. Suffolk 115 The red carrot is not grown to the same extent as formerly, even in our maritime districts; the white, introduced six years ago, being generally preferred.
1949 Classical Philol. 44 183/2 The red, yellow, and white carrots, widely distributed in Europe, evolved in the Mediterranean region.
2000 Food Chem. 68 72/2 G[racilaria] changgi rank in third after red carrot and tapioca shoots in β-carotene content.
red catchfly n. now rare a Eurasian campion of rocks and crags, Lychnis viscaria, which has spikes of bright pink flowers and often dark sticky bands around the stem beneath each node; cf. red German catchfly n.; also called sticky catchfly.
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1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 239 [Lychnis viscaria] Red Catchfly. Anglis.
1866 Symons's Monthly Meteorol. Mag. July 73 North Shields..Pencilled geranium, perennial blue lupine, and red catchfly on 20th, 21st, and 24th.
1971 R. S. R. Fitter Finding Wild Flowers 82 Red Catchfly Lychnis viscaria, with foot-high stickily hairy stems and spikes of bright cerise-red flowers, is found in less than a dozen rocky spots in Scotland and Wales.
red cherry n. North American any of several North American wild cherries with red fruits, spec. (more fully wild red cherry) the pin cherry, Prunus pensylvanica; (also) the fruit of any of these trees.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cherry tree > types of
mahaleb1558
goynire1572
mazzard1578
bird cherry1597
ground-cherry1601
wild cherry1666
red cherry1681
Royal Ann1724
sand cherry1778
rum cherry1818
marasca1852
sakura1884
black cherry1898
Japanese cherry1901
Tibetan cherry1948
1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees ii. 14 Suckers from the common harsh red Cherry.
1737 J. Brickell Nat. Hist. N.-Carolina 77 The Red Cherry Tree, is very scarce, and rarely to be met with.
1846–50 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 240 Wild Red Cherry... A small tree, common in woods and thickets in the Northern States.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) 286 The Indian..sometime also ate the northern wild red cherries saying that they were good medicine, but they were scarcely edible.
1981 R. Watkins in F. B. Hora Oxf. Encycl. Trees of World 200/2 P[runus] pennsylvanica Pin or Wild Red Cherry. N. America. Shrub or tree to 12 m... Fruit round, 6 mm across, red, abundantly produced.
red chickweed n. North American scarlet pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis (family Myrsinaceae).
ΚΠ
1806 Philadelphia Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 Mar. 189 The plant which Mr. K. made known to the Senate of Pennsylvania, was no other than the Anagallis arvensis, or common Red-Pimpernel, known, in the United-States, by the names of the Red-Chickweed, Sea-Pink, &c.
1869 F. P. Porcher Resources Southern Fields & Forests (new ed.) 422 Red Chickweed... This plant enjoyed a great reputation at one time, and was said to possess sudorific, vulnerary, anti-epilectic and anti-hydrophobic virtues.
1999 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 5 Mar. a13 The Scarlet Pimpernel..is a herb and a member of the primrose family who has skipped the pond to colonize North America where he is sometimes called red chickweed because of the shape of his leaves.
† red cinquefoil n. Obsolete rare a cinquefoil with red or purple flowers (not identified).
ΚΠ
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lvi. 82 The redde Cinquefoyle also, is somewhat like to the others, especially like the great yellow kinde.
1739 tr. H. Boerhaave Treat. Materia Medica 196 Leaves of red marshy Cinquefoil, an Ounce.]
red clover n. a clover of meadows and pastures, Trifolium pratense, with leafy stems and heads of pink-purple flowers, native to Eurasia and North Africa but now widely grown as a forage crop.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > clover or trefoil
white clovereOE
cloverc1000
hare-foota1300
clerewort?a1400
clover-grassa1400
three-leaved grass14..
trefoilc1400
sucklingc1440
four-leaved grassc1450
trefle1510
Trifolium?1541
trinity grass1545
Dutch1548
lote1548
hare's-foot1562
lotus1562
triple grass1562
blain-grass1570
meadow trefoil1578
purple grass1597
purplewort1597
satin flower1597
cithyse1620
true-love grass?a1629
garden balsam1633
hop-clover1679
Burgundian hay1712
strawberry trefoil1731
honeysuckle trefoil1735
red clover1764
buffalo-clover1767
marl-grass1776
purple trefoil1785
white trefoil1785
yellow trefoil1785
sulla1787
cow-grass1789
strawberry-bearing trefoil1796
zigzag trefoil1796
rabbit's foot1817
lotus grass1820
strawberry-headed trefoil1822
mountain liquorice1836
hop-trefoil1855
clustered clover1858
alsike1881
mountain clover1882
knop1897
Swedish clover1908
sub clover1920
four-leaf clover1927
suckle-
eOE Erfurt Gloss. (1974) 15 Calta, rede clabre.
lOE Durham Plant Gloss. 18 Trifolium rubrum, reade cleaure.
?a1350 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 89 [Corona Regia] honisouc vel þe rede clavere.
a1568 Bannatyne MS 141a/7 Scho had ane hat vpon hir heid Of claver cleir bayth quhyt and reid.
1764 Museum Rusticum 1 110 (note) A chalky soil, on which the common red clover will not thrive near so well.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species iii. 73 Humble-bees alone visit the common red clover.., as other bees cannot reach the nectar.
1910 Times 8 Sept. 3/3 The red clover was, perhaps, the least satisfactory of the crops, though our host had for a generation saved seed of a variety..best adapted to the land.
1991 Connecticut Environment May 19/2 Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a biennial and one of our most common types of clover.
† red colewort n. Obsolete = red cabbage n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > types of > other types of cabbage
red coleOE
brisoka1340
red colewort?a1500
rape-cole1597
red cabbage1597
loaf-cabbage1727
sugar-loaf1766
drumhead1783
sugar-loaf cabbage1786
Yorkshire cabbage1786
York1823
palm-kale1853
Scotch curlies1855
thousand-head kale1887
cut-and-come-again1888
?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 28 Ȝif þou wolt hele wondys leyȝth..take..þe crop of þe rede coulwort.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. vi. 552 The Description of the redde Colewurtes. The first kinde of red Colewurtes, hath..red greene leaues, with reddish ribbes.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Chou rouge, the bitter red Cole; or the garden red Colewort.
1696 T. Palmer Admirable Secrets of Physick & Chyrurgery (1984) 118 The easiest way is to make a broth of red colewort leaves & to give those oft to the patient.
1790 A. Shirrefs Poems Gloss. Tartan purry, a sort of pudding made of red colewort chipped small, and mixed with oatmeal.
† red corn-rose n. Obsolete corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas; cf. corn-rose n. 1.
ΚΠ
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon clviii. sig. Kiija Water of red corne roses.
1579 T. Lupton Thousand Notable Things x. 296 Let them vse to drinke..a good draught of the distylled water of wylde Poppy..which growes among Corne, with a red flowre, much lyke the leafe of a Rose, it is called of some, red corne Rose.
1649 C. Hoole Easie Entrance Lat. Tongue ii. xiii. 168/1 A canker, or red-corn-rose.
† red cow basil n. Obsolete rare = red valerian n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun]
valerianc1386
nard?1440
red cow basil1597
red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597
red valerian1597
valerian-worts1747
teaselwort1846
valerian family1849
valerian tribe1855
valerian order1857
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 551 It is also called..in English red Valerian, and red Cowe Basill.
† red crab tree n. Obsolete rare a pink-flowered form of the crab-apple tree, Malus sylvestris.
ΚΠ
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1276 Malus syluestris rubeus. The great Wilding, or red Crab tree.
red cranesbill n. rare bloody cranesbill, Geranium sanguineum (family Geraniaceae).
ΚΠ
1634 T. Johnson Mercurius Bot. 38 Geranium hæmatodes,..Red or bloody Cranes-bill.
1914 W. S. Rogers Garden Planning xxiii. 373 (table) Geranium sanguineum..Red cranesbill.
red cypress n. the bald cypress, Taxodium distichium, of the south-eastern United States; (also) the wood of this tree.
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1831 Adams Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 24 May The bed of the [rail]road is on a mound of earth in some places filled in to the depth of 4 feet. It is laid on red Cypress timber.
1860 M. Curtis Woody Plants N.C. 29 The Red Cypress has its heart of a reddish tint, is preferable to the others for timber, and cannot be split.
1908 N. L. Britton N. Amer. Trees 90 This large tree [sc. Taxodium distichum] of our southern States is also called Black cypress, Red cypress, White cypress, and Deciduous cypress.
1998 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 21 June Travel 16 The house is made of tidewater red cypress, from South Carolina.
red darnel n. †(a) wall barley, Hordeum murinum (cf. red-ray n.) (obsolete); (b) (more fully † red darnel-grass) perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne (formerly Lolium rubrum) (now rare).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > grasses used for hay or pasture > rye-grass
windlestrawc1000
eavera1425
wall barley1548
red darnel1578
ray-grass1677
ryegrass1690
ray1805
small seed1950
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. xlv. 504 Wall Barley or Way Bennet..may be called Red-Ray, or Darnell.
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 71 Red Darnell is called..in Latin Lolium rubrum: and Lolium Murinum: in English Wall Barly.
1634 T. Johnson Mercurius Bot. 48 Lolium rubrum... Red Darnell, great Darnell grasse.
1766 Museum Rusticum 6 196 The Red Darnel-grass, which has been so much cultivated, under the name of Ray-grass, or vulgarly Rie-grass.
1859 A. Pratt Brit. Grasses & Sedges 127 Common Rye~grass, Red Darnel, or Beardless Darnel.
1945 R. P. Wodehouse Hayfever Plants iii. 45 Perennial ryegrass.., also called red ray, ever grass, red darnel, [etc.].
red dead-nettle n. a Eurasian dead-nettle, Lamium purpureum, with pinkish-purple flowers, commonly found as a weed of cultivated land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > dead-nettle or hemp-nettle
blind-nettleeOE
nettleeOE
dead-nettle1398
red archangela1425
red dead-nettlea1425
archangel1440
deaf-nettlec1440
swan's tonguec1450
dea-nettle?1530
henbit1597
nettle-hemp1597
day-nettle1635
base horehound1736
Ballota1778
weasel-snout1796
hemp-nettle1801
glidewort1866
Lamium1974
a1425 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 257 [Urtica Mortua] red ded-netyl.
1722 J. Miller Botanicum Officinale 255 Lamium rubrum, red Archangel,..red dead nettle.
1857 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 186 Red Dead-nettle... This plant is readily known by the reddish purple tint of its floral leaves.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 266 In the large earth humble-bee in particular.., there are recuperative days..when she searches for early flowers, such as willow-catkins, peach-blossom, and red dead-nettle.
2006 Times (Nexis) 14 Mar. (Features section) 68 New red dead-nettle flowers are opening..in the mud beside the cornfields. They are hardy plants, with a cluster of hooded pink flowers at the top.
red deal n. the wood of the Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris; (also) the tree itself.
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a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 131 That they bee reade-deale, which are allmost as durable as oake, and will not worme-eate soe soone as white deale.
1746 ‘Philo Senensis’ Importance Shannon Navigation 13 The same Difficulty attends the Carriage of Red Deal to the Inland Parts of the Country.
1812 Ann. Reg. 1810 (Otridge ed.) Useful Proj. 656/2 I..saw no tree from which I consider that tar could be extracted, except the Scotch fir, or red deal, which is one and the same tree.
1957 Handbk. Softwoods (Forest Prod. Res. Lab.) 42 Timber of this species [sc. Pinus sylvestris] imported from the Continent is commonly called redwood, red deal, or simply ‘red’.
1997 Classic Boat May (Boatman Suppl.) 116/1 Many smacks were planked with a pine known sometimes as Baltic fir or red deal, which was used for numerous fishing vessels before 1939.
red delicious n. a widely grown variety of dessert apple which originated in North America and has a dark red skin with moderately sweet flesh.
ΚΠ
1922 Davenport (Iowa) Democrat & Leader 30 Mar. 8/4 Enright is caring for the orchard which contains the original red delicious apple tree.
1945 Econ. Geogr. 21 171/1 Delicious varieties (especially Red Delicious) are gaining rapidly at the expense of other varieties such as Jonathan..and Yellow Newton.
1997 K. Atkinson Human Croquet (1998) 375 We both bent down and scrabbled around picking up the apples—Red Delicious, waxed and polished so that they didn't look at all real.
red dock n. †(a) any of various docks (genus Rumex) having red stems, leaves, flowers, etc.; (in early use) esp. R. sanguineus, having leaves with blood-red veins and used as a culinary herb or in salads; (b) English regional the withered stalks and inflorescences of docks (genus Rumex) (rare).
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Polygonaceae (dock and allies) > [noun] > dock and allies
red dockeOE
dockc1000
rhubarbc1390
docken1423
patience?a1425
round dock1526
Rumex1565
wild patience1578
bloody dock1597
monk's rhubarb1597
Welsh sorrel1640
butterdock1688
mountain rhapontic1728
mountain sorrel1753
Rheum1753
redshank1810
patience dock1816
fiddle-dock1823
canaigre1868
nettle-docken1891
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. l. 124 Gif wyrm hand ete, genim mersc meargeallan & reade netlan & reade doccan & smæle clifan, wyl on cubuteran.
a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Cambr.) (1929) 654 (MED) Par sause vaut la surele; Pur home teignous la parele [glossed:] roddok [v.r. the rede-dokke].
c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 87 Take þe rede dokke rootes.
1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1656) 87 The red Dock which is commonly called Bloodwort.
1720 E. R. Experienc'd Farrier (ed. 4) 198 The red Dock cleanseth the Liver; but the yellow is best to take when the Blood is afflicted with Choler.
1771 J. R. Forster Catal. Plants N. Amer. in tr. J. B. Bossu Trav. Louisiana II. 32 Rumex sanguineus. Dock, red Virginia.
1880 R. Jefferies Great Estate 60 In January they [sc. bird-fowlers] take two large bunches of docks, ‘red docks’ they call them.
1907 F. P. Veitch in L. H. Bailey Encycl. Amer. Agric. II. iii. 628/1 Canaigre (Rumex hymenosepalus), also called..Red Dock or wild pie-plant, is common in the sandy, semi-arid plains of Mexico.
2006 SageWoman Spring 39/3 There are many related ‘many-knee’ yellow docks including Rumex crispus (curly dock).., R. alpinus (Monk's rhubarb), R. aquatica (red dock),..[etc.].
red ebony n. the hard, heavy wood of any of several tropical trees, esp. the Caribbean tree, Brya ebenus (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)), used for musical instruments and cabinet work; (also) any of these trees themselves.
ΚΠ
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. iii. xiii. 71/1 There are three Sorts of Ebony, to wit, the Black... The Second is the red Ebony; the Third is the Green Ebony.
1756 R. Rolt New Dict. Trade As to red ebony, called also grenadilla, it is but imperfectly known.
1854 Encycl. Americana IV. 385/2 Red ebony, so called, though its color is brown, striped with black, is less compact, and is also brought from Madagascar.
1907 Lima (Ohio) Daily News 12 Aug. 7/2 300,000 acres virgin forest in Mexico, consisting of mahogany, red ebony, other valuable cabinet woods, [etc.].
1988 Bull. Lat. Amer. Res. 7 291 In 1932..the timber merchant received 36,000 pesos for the planks of a red ebony tree which when processed would yield 250,000 pesos.
red elder n. chiefly North American (a) any of various closely related red-berried elders of the genus Sambucus, esp. S. pubens of eastern North America (sometimes treated as a subspecies of S. racemosa); †(b) the high bush cranberry, Viburnum trilobum (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1732 R. Bradley Country Housewife (ed. 6) 129 (heading) To make red Elder Wine.]
1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. 144 This is a proper Month for planting these Trees by Cuttings of the white or red Elder, of about two feet long.
1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 69 Vegetables..applied to medicinal purposes [include]..Red Elder. Viburnum opulus.
1822 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. 2nd Ser. IX. 155 Plants..indigenous in the township of Middlebury [include]..Sambucus pubescens, Red elder.
1900 Science 30 Nov. 830/2 Along the higher Smoky Mountains and the Blue Ridge, we find a typically Canadian forest of firs..accompanied by such trees and shrubs as the..red elder (Sambucus racemosa) and wild red cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica).
2006 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 21 July c13 Elders are fast-growing, of which group the red elder produces masses of late summer berries.
red elm n. any of several North American elms (genus Ulmus), having reddish wood, esp. the slippery elm, U. rubra; (also) the wood of any of these trees, or of the English elm, U. procera.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun]
wycheOE
elmc1000
ulm-treec1000
witch hazela1400
all-heart1567
ulme1567
white elm1580
wych elm1582
witchen1594
weeping elm1606
trench-elm1676
smooth-leaved elm1731
witch elm1731
water elm1733
slippery elm1748
Scotch elm1769
wahoo1770
American elm1771
red elm1805
witches' elm1808
moose elm1810
cork-elm1813
rock elm1817
swamp elm1817
planer tree1819
Jersey elm1838
winged elm1858
sand elm1878
Exeter-elm1882
1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 12 Apr. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 26 Some timber..consists of Cottonwood red Elm, with a small proportion of small Ash.
1819 D. B. Warden Statist., Polit. & Hist. Acct. U.S. I. 190 Red Elm, Ulmus rubra.
1848 D. Drake Let. 1 Jan. in Pioneer Life in Kentucky (1870) iv. 73 Of the whole forest the red or slippery elm was the best.
1894 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 1 May 6/3 The red elm never attains majesty or even pronounced beauty.
1956 Handbk. Hardwoods (Forest Products Res. Lab.) 88 Elm, English..Other Names. Red elm, nave elm.
1989 Encycl. Brit. IV. 461/2 Slippery, or red, elm (U[lmus] rubra)..has a gluelike substance in the inner bark, which was formerly steeped in water as a remedy for throat ailments.
red els n. [alteration of rooi els n., with substitution of red for the first element] South African (now historical) the wood of the rooi els, Cunonia capensis; (also) the tree itself.
ΚΠ
1833 S. Afr. Almanac & Dir. 195 The other woods most in request, and found in Albany, are—Red and White Milk, Red and White Else, [etc.].
1880 Handbk. S. Afr. (S. W. Silver & Co.) (ed. 3) 135 Red Els..resembles red birch; is used for farm and waggon building purposes.
1907 T. R. Sim Forests & Forest Flora Cape Good Hope 217 Red Alder or Red Els.
1936 E. Rosenthal Old-time Survivals 11 Red pear, red els, white pear, and scores of other precious African timbers go to the making of the numerous characteristically-named sections of the conveyance.
red eye-bright n. now rare = red bartsia n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > other weeds
zizanya1400
hog's fennel1525
zizania1526
eyebright1578
henbit1578
red eye-bright1657
common orache1728
sitfast1762
winter weed1787
dubbeltjie1795
red bartsia1805
tread-softly1814
rattlesnake leaf1822
popple1855
horse-nettle1860
Cape weed1878
tree-tobacco1895
king devil1898
khaki weed1907
white top1909
three-corner jack1919
1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects xv. 95 In August... Red Eye-bright, Knap-weed, Heath, Virga Aurea, Ivy.
1766 Museum Rusticum 6 199 Red Eye-bright..has..purple flowers growing in spikes.
1845 Encycl. Metrop. XV. 298/2 at Bartsia Six species of this genus are described, among them is now included the red eyebright, formerly Euphrasia odontites.
1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xi. 139 The Red Eye-bright (Bartsia..), the Cow-wheat, the Eye-bright, and the Yellow Rattle, all of which generally grow in meadows and are parasitic on the roots of the surrounding vegetation.
† red feather-moss n. Obsolete rare a kind of seaweed (not identified) with soft, finely divided filaments.
ΚΠ
1764 G. Edwards Gleanings Nat. Hist. III. Index 346 Corallines, Polypes, Sea-insects, and other Marine Substances... 359 [Plate] The red Feather-moss. La Mousse rouge.
red fennel n. (originally) a variety of fennel used medicinally; (now) an edible variety with reddish leaves.
ΚΠ
a1425 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 115 [Feniculus rubeus] red fenel.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 12 (MED) Tak ewfrase, pympernoll, veruayne, rede fenell, euen porcyon.
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) l. 117 (MED) Toward nyght, ete some fenel Rede.
1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. 363 Take a handfull of laurell leaues, and of prim-rose leaues.., of red fennel, and of fine hay..; seeth them well together, and then let them stand foureteene dayes.
1701 R. Lower Dr. Lower's Receipts (ed. 2) 82 Take of Polypody, Woodsage, and Red Fennel-root, of each one handful.
1987 Daily Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 17 Apr. 54/3 Color is an important element in Ms. Stewart's salads. It's supplied by things like opal basil and red fennel as well as edible flowers.
2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 11 Mar. t12 Sweet red fennel and roasted red bell pepper sauce.
red fescue n. a fescue, Festuca rubra, found in many types of grassland in northern temperate regions, which has bristle-like leaves and panicles of often reddish spikelets.
ΚΠ
1787 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. 98 Fescue... red..Festuca amethystina.]
1829 London Encycl. IX. 179/1 F. rubra, red or purple fescue grass... The stalks are often spotted with reddish freckles, and the tops of the roots are usually tinged with the same color; from whence it has probably obtained its distinctive name of festuca rubra, or red fescue.
1851 J. F. W. Johnston Lect. Applic. Chem. & Geol. to Agric. (new ed.) App. 72 On both of the patches to which the sulphate of soda was applied, the grass that came up consisted almost entirely of red fescue (Festuca Rubra).
1952 I. Hepburn Flowers of Coast x. 155 This [sc. cliff-top vegetation] consists of a smooth green turf of sea-plantain and red fescue, just over an inch high.
2001 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 12 Apr. e2/5 You can tailor a blend of turf-grass varieties to your needs. Red fescue and chewings fescue are better for shade.
† red fitch n. Obsolete rare the perennial herb sainfoin, Onobrychis viciifolia (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > sainfoin
cock's head1553
red fitchling1597
French grass1652
sainfoin1652
esperate1659
holy haya1661
esparcet1669
red fitch1671
snail clover-grass1717
holy grass1778
1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 414 Ὀνοβουχίς Red-fitch or Cocks-head..rarifies and attenuates.
† red fitchling n. Obsolete rare = red fitch n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > sainfoin
cock's head1553
red fitchling1597
French grass1652
sainfoin1652
esperate1659
holy haya1661
esparcet1669
red fitch1671
snail clover-grass1717
holy grass1778
1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Cocks head, that is red fitchling.
1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1656) 71 Cocks-Head, Red Fitchling, or Medick Fetch.
red German catchfly n. now rare = red catchfly n.
ΚΠ
1670 J. Ray Catalogus Plantarum Angliæ 202 Lychnis sylvestris viscosa rubra angustifolia... The Red Germane Catchflie. Upon the Rocks in Edinburgh-Park. Tho. Willisel.
c1859 C. A. Johns Flowers of Field (ed. 3) 94 Two other species of Lychnis are natives of Britain; L. viscaria (Red German Catchfly), which is found in Montgomeryshire and in a few places in Scotland..and L. alpina (Red Alpine Campion).
1988 New Phytologist 109 505/1 Lychnis viscaria..the red German catchfly.
red gooseberry n. †(a) a redcurrant (cf. gooseberry n. 2) (obsolete); (b) any red-skinned variety of gooseberry.
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xx. 683 Ribes rubrum; in English Redde Gooseberries.
1665 J. Rea Flora iii. xvii. 230 Of red Gooseberries there are three sorts..the third is called the Damson Gooseberry, this is a good bearer, the Berries large, round, and red.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Grossularia Fructu rubro, majore. Boerh. Ind. The large Red Gooseberry.
1784 H. Glasse Art of Cookery (new ed.) xix. 322 To keep Red Gooseberries [recipe follows].
1895 Gardening Illustr. 28 Dec. 670/1 Guido is one of the largest red Gooseberries.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1415 The blood orange is just a colour variety like the red gooseberry.
2006 Guardian (Nexis) 14 Oct. (Mag.) 11 The pork and mustard bangers at the farmers' market turn out to be delectable, the red gooseberries the stuff of paradise.
red goosefoot n. a goosefoot, Chenopodium rubrum, which often becomes red-tinged when fruiting, and is widespread in northern temperate regions, especially on waste ground.
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1771 J. R. Forster Catal. Plants N. Amer. in tr. J. B. Bossu Trav. Louisiana II. 28 Chenopodium rubrum L.? Goose-foot, red.
1857 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 275 Red Goosefoot..is quite a frequent plant of salt marshes.
1921 Amer. Midland Naturalist 7 60 Chenopodium rubrum..Red Goosefoot. Weedy sloughs or waste places.
1989 B.S.B.I. News Dec. 23 Another plant that occurs regularly on spoil heaps is red goosefoot, Chenopodium rubrum, well known for its habit of appearing at the edge of ponds in dry summers.
red grass n. [with reference to the South African plant, after Afrikaans rooigras rooigras n.] any of various grasses having reddish stems or spikelets, or turning red when dry, esp. the South African species Themeda triandra (also called rooigras).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > grasses used for hay or pasture
windlestrawc1000
red grass1582
spring grass1643
sweet-grass1709
herd-grass1747
Guinea grass1756
vernal grass1762
vernal1771
Paspalum1772
buffalo grass1784
Rhode Island bent1790
red-top1792
finetop1824
kangaroo-grass1827
gamagrass1831
sweet vernal grass1839
yellow-top1839
grama1844
sesame grass1845
sacate1848
Para grass1850
Hungarian1859
alfilaria1860
sacaton1865
Mitchell grass1867
teosinte1877
Landsborough grass1883
turnip-grass1889
brown top1891
ichu1891
manna1897
Rhodes grass1903
Sudan1911
Kikuyu grass1913
never-fail1923
buffel grass1955
1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. lxxvi. f. 296v Gramen Arundinaceum, the redde grasse.
1693 N. Staphorst tr. L. Rauwolf Trav. Eastern Countries ii. viii, in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. I. 195 Here and there in the fields a peculiar sort of Red-grass, like unto that of Babylon, according to the description of Dioscorides.
1735 W. Ellis Pract. Farming & Husb. 213 It [sc. trefoil] may however be sown with red Grass, and will last a long time.
1838 H. Colman 1st Rep. Agric. Mass. (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 18 Red grass or Fox grass.
1934 Bulletin (Sydney) 9 May 28/3 The menace of red grass on the Upper Murray and in Riverina has developed this year, probably because of an abnormal summer rainfall.
1955 J. H. Wellington Southern Afr.: Geog. Study 276 Along the south coastal areas..were large tracts of grassland occupied by the valuable red grass Themada triandra.
1994 Environm. & Exper. Bot. 34 217 Plant derived smoke and the aqueous extracts of smoke stimulate germination of dormant seeds of the important fire-climax grass Themeda triandra (redgrass).
† red greening n. Obsolete a variety of apple (not identified).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples
Bretonc1390
stur1483
marigold apple1577
fritter1591
Margaret1597
critling1611
cat's-head1617
rosiar1620
rose apple1626
snouting1651
roundling1655
mayflower1664
red greening1664
seaming1664
sheep's snout1664
spicing apple1664
violet-apple1664
pomme d'api1676
rathe-ripe1677
rose1678
lady's finger1688
stone apple1736
sops-in-wine1764
stone pippin1769
Manx codlin1818
Rymer1820
Roxbury russet1826
souring1832
genet1833
tompot1836
Wagener1848
flesh and blood1853
pick-thong1871
virgin1886
Jon1931
Idared1942
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 74 in Sylva Apples..Pear-apple, Quince-apple, Red-greening ribb'd, Bloody-Pepin.
1724 P. Miller Gardeners & Florists Dict. II. at September Apples; the red Greening, Harvey violet Apple, Lording Apple, Pear Apple, the William, Pearmain,..&c.
red guava n. a kind of guava, Psidium guajava, having apple-shaped fruits with reddish flesh (cf. guava n. 1); (also) the fruit itself.
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1716 Petiveriana iii. 3/1 Red Guayava.
1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) 780 The red guava (P[sidium] pomiferum) has a beautiful fruit, crowned like a pomegranate; but is not so agreeable to eat as the other [sc. the white guava].
1912 W. Tibbles Foods iii. xxiii. 632 The red guava..is apple-shaped. The pulp is yellowish-red, very acid and much inferior to the former [sc. the white guava].
1998 Guardian (Nexis) 20 June (Weekend Suppl.) 35 Our guide..drove tourists round his island several times a day,..noticing small things, like how the red guavas had been turned pink by the wind.
† red handed orchis n. Obsolete the fragrant orchid, Gymnadenia conopsea, with reddish flowers, and roots thought to be shaped like a hand.
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1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 171 Red handed Orchis.
1766 Compl. Farmer at Weeds Perennial weeds in pastures... Orchises of various sorts; as, Butterfly orchis. May... Male-handed orchis. May. Female-handed orchis. June. Red-handed orchis. June.
1805 J. Duncumb Agric. Herefordsh. 172 The northern parts of the county produce the following:..Orchis conopsia, Red-handed Orchis.
† red handed satyrion n. Obsolete rare = red handed orchis n.
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1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 172 Red handed Satyrion is a smal lowe and base herbe,..with a roote fashioned like an hand.
red haw n. North American the fruit of any of several hawthorns of the United States, esp. Crataegus mollis; (also) the hawthorns themselves.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorny berry-bush > [noun] > hawthorn and allies > fruit of
hawa1000
red haw1717
thornberry1766
peggle1826
pixie-pear1865
1717 Petiveriana iii. 12/1 Red Haw. Of an agreeable Taste, and four times as big as ours in Europe.
1824 J. Doddridge Notes Virginia & Pennsylv. 86 Red haws grew on the white thorn bushes.
1944 K. Duncan & D. F. Nickols M. Graham 237 He talked of red haws, wood violets, May apples, lady-slippers, and dog-wood—in a land that had no shade.
1994 M. Griffiths Index Garden Plants 312/2 C[rataegus] mollis (Torr. and A. Gray) Scheele. Red Haw.
red heath n. chiefly English regional (southern) (now rare) any of various kinds of pink flowered heather, esp. Calluna vulgaris.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > heather or heath and similar plants > [noun]
heather1335
ling?c1357
heath1626
grig1691
bottle heath?1711
sea-heath1713
heather-bell1725
red heath?1788
Calluna1803
Scotch heath1822
Erica1826
winter heath1842
heathwort1847
heath-blooms1858
St. Dabeoc's heath1863
cat-heather1864
honey bottle1868
French heath1871
?1788 J. Abercrombie Gen. Syst. Trees & Shrubs 77/2 Erica Tetralix—(Tetralix) or Four-leaved Red Heath.
1863 J. R. Wise New Forest 285 The three heaths which grow in the New Forest..are respectively known as the bell, black, and red heaths.
1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words 73 Red Heath, Calluna vulgaris.
red helleborine n. an orchid, Cephalanthera rubra, having bright purplish-pink flowers, found in Eurasian and North African beechwoods (but now rarely in Britain).
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1756 P. Collinson Let. 18 Feb. in Mem. John Bartram & Humphry Marshall (1849) 205 That fine Red Helleborine..which I have long wanted.
1869 J. T. B. Syme Sowerby's Eng. Bot. (ed. 3) IX. 128 Cephalanthera rubra, Red Helleborine.
1925 C. B. Tahourdin Native Orchids of Brit. 87 The Red Helleborine... This is a very beautiful flower. The florets are of a purplish pink colour, and seldom open out.
2000 Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 13/2 Collectors are still seeking seeds of the shaggy mouse-ear hawkweed, tasteless water pepper and red helleborine.
red hemp-nettle n. a European hemp-nettle, Galeopsis angustifolia, with pinkish-purple flowers, found in arable fields and open stony ground.
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1800 J. E. Smith Flora Britannica II. 628 Galeopsis Ladanum... Red Hemp-nettle. In arvis siccioribus.
1871 R. Deakin Flowering Plants of Tunbridge Wells 198/1 G[aleopsis] Ladanum, Linn. red Hemp-nettle... Corn fields, common on the chalk.
1947 J. Gilmour Wild Flowers of Chalk 28 On chalk, two characteristic components [of fallow fields]..are the field mouse-ear chickweed (Cerastium arvense) and red hemp-nettle (Galeopsis angustifolia).
1994 in A. Stewart et al. Scarce Plants in Brit. 184 Red Hemp-nettle... This summer annual tends to germinate quite late in spring and consequently plants may fail to set seed before they are eradicated after the harvest.
red henbane n. now historical (probably) a variety of henbane (genus Hyosycamus), with red seeds or flowers.In quot. 1773 probably Egyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus.
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?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 31 (MED) Henbane ys in iij manerys, one beryth white sede, þe secunde rede sede, the þirde berithe black sede.]
c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 231 (MED) Tak..leues of mandrake, croppes of þe rede hennebane.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 83 v Take..of the seedes of Darnell halfe a pounde, of the whyte and redde Henbane three ounces, of Xyloaloes, and Nucis Methel, of eche one ounce and a halfe.
1773 W. Hanbury Compl. Body Planting & Gardening II. 173/1 Red Henbane... The flowers come out alternately from the upper-parts of the branches on small footstalks; they are of a deep-red colour, and beautifully veined.
1950 H. J. Spinden Tobacco is Amer. 40 Charles Estienne, in his Praedium Rusticum, also under the date 1554, employs the same term with perhaps a red henbane in mind.
red hickory n. chiefly North American either of two hickories of the United States, mockernut hickory, Carya alba, and pignut hickory, C. ovalis (sometimes included in C. glabra); (also) the wood of either of these trees.
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1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 99 There is another sort, which we call red Hiccory..of which Walking-Sticks, Mortars, Pestils, and several other fine Turnery-wares are made.
1819 D. B. Warden Statist., Polit. & Hist. Acct. U.S. II. 271 (note) The land is good, and there is abundance of fine tall red hickery trees.
1897 G. B. Sudworth Arborescent Flora U.S. 114 Mockernut (Hickory)... [Also called] Red Hickory (Fla.).
1909 Middletown (N.Y.) Daily Times–Press 27 July 8/3 Well seasoned red hickory weighs 52.87 pounds to the cubic foot.
1976 W. J. Bean's Trees & Shrubs Hardy in Brit. Isles (ed. 8) i. 515 C[arya] ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg. Red Hickory... The taxonomic position of this species is disputed.
red honeysuckle n. (a) any of several plants having reddish flowers, foliage, or wood thought to resemble common honeysuckle, Lonicera perclymenum, in some way; (b) red clover, Trifolium pratense; or the inflorescence of this plant (cf. honeysuckle n. 1 honeysuckle n. 1); †(c) any red-flowered variety of common honeysuckle (obsolete).
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1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 340 The red Sattin flower, although some foolishly call it, the red or French Honysuckle.
1653 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved (new ed.) xxvi. 178 The great Claver, or Trefoyl we fetch from Flaunders called by Clusius, Trifolliummajus tertium, which bares the great red Honysuckle.
1783 D. Grimwood Catal. Greenhouse Plants 51 Dutch Red Honeysuckle.
1813 J. Middleton Gen. View Agric. Middlesex (new ed.) viii. 305 3lb. of yellow clover, 3lb. of red honeysuckle.
1922 F. R. Beuhne Honey Flora Victoria 91 Red Honeysuckle (Banksia serrata), the timber of which is far redder [than White Honeysuckle].
2004 Oklahoman (Nexis) 6 May 1 d Hummingbirds buzz the red honeysuckle, lapping the nectar.
red horse chestnut n. (a) a cultivated tree, Aesculus × carnea, a fertile hybrid between the horse chestnut, A. hippocastanum, and the red buckeye, A. pavia; (b) (probably) the red buckeye, A. pavia (rare).
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1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 245 The red horse-chesnut.
1882 Garden 9 Sept. 228/2 The Red Horse Chesnut..is one of the most handsome flowering trees that enliven our parks and gardens in spring.
1904 N.E.D. at Red a. 17d Red horse-chestnut,..the red-flowered buckeye, Æsculus pavia.
2003 A. Paterson Trees for your Garden 92/1 The red horse chestnut (A. x carnea), has the small American A. pavia for its other parent. Magnificent in flower, it is not quite the size of the common conker.
red ironbark n. chiefly Australian any of several eucalyptus trees belonging to the ironbark group, having dense, dark red wood, esp. Eucalyptus sideroxylon; (also) the wood of such a tree.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees
yellow box1662
gum tree1676
white gum tree1733
whip-stick1782
peppermint1790
red gum tree1790
red mahogany1798
white gum1798
box1801
blue gum1802
eucalyptus1809
box tree1819
black-butted gum1820
bloodwood1827
white ash1830
blackbutt1833
morrel1837
mountain ash1837
mallee scrub1845
apple gum1846
flooded gum1847
Moreton Bay ash1847
mallee1848
swamp gum1852
box-gum1855
manna gum1855
white top1856
river gum1860
grey box1861
woolly butt1862
marlock1863
fever tree1867
red ironbark1867
river white gum1867
karri1870
yellow jacket1876
eucalypt1877
yapunyah1878
coolibah1879
scribbly gum1883
forest mahogany1884
yellow jack1884
rose gum1885
Jimmy Low1887
nankeen gum1889
slaty gum1889
sugar-gum1889
apple box1890
Murray red gum1895
creek-gum1898
eucalyptian1901
forest red gum1904
river red gum1920
napunyah1921
whitewash gum1923
ghost gum1928
snow gum1928
Sydney blue gum1932
salmon gum1934
lapunyah1940
1867 W. Woolls Contrib. to Flora of Austral. 217 The ironbarks, which certainly should be grouped together, stand apart... E. siderophloia, or the red ironbark, and E. melanophloia, or the silver leaved ironbark, are placed in the fourth [series].
1908 J. Mann Suitability Australasian Timber 2 Generally, the red, or shades of red, represent the most durable timber, e.g., Red Gum, Jarrah, Red Ironbark.
1985 Parkwatch (Vic. Nat. Parks Assoc.) Sept. 29 The corrugated, dark red bark of the Red ironbark has been retained on the upright posts.
2004 M. Sullivan Trees of San Francisco 42 Red ironbark is one of the largest commonly planted street trees in San Francisco—it can reach 80-90 feet in ideal conditions.
red ironwood n. any of various trees with extremely hard and durable reddish-brown wood; spec. (a) U.S. any of several trees of (or formerly included in) the genus Reynosia (family Rhamnaceae), native to tropical America; (b) any of several trees of the genus Lophira (family Ochnaceae), native to central and western Africa.
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1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 39 Red iron wood..a small tree sometimes 8 metres in height.
1911 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 10 132 Some of the trees mentioned above, such as the red iron-wood (Lophira procera),..though most plentiful in the swamps, are not infrequently found along their edges.
1933 J. K. Small Man. Southeastern Flora 831 Red-ironwood... The dark-brown heartwood..is used locally for cabinet-work.—The fruits are pleasantly flavored.
2009 K. Manson & J. Knight Sierra Leone 46 Rainforest areas are known for the towering, wavy-leaved red ironwood tree, Lophira alata.
red jasmine n. (also red jessamine) the frangipani or pagoda tree, Plumeria rubra, of the West Indies and Central America, having scented deep pink flowers.
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1704 Nat. Hist. ix, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 252 Red Jessamine..at the top grows many red Flowers somewhat cut like the Honey-suckle.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 222 Plumeria or Red Jasmine has two reflexed follicles, with the seeds flat, winged and imbricate.
1871 J. Smith Domest. Bot. 292 P. rubra, in the West Indies being called Red Jasmine, as also ‘Frangipane’.
2000 D. Adebayo My Once upon Time (2001) xiii. 317 There were plateaus and gulleys and fallen frangipani,..red jasmine and jade and springtime shades.
red lammas n. now rare a variety of wheat having red straw and grain; also old red lammas; cf. red-straw lammas n.
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1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 93 There being many sorts of Wheat, as the White or Red Lammas, the bearded Kentish Wheat,..&c.
1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 1 Old red Lammas has a red Straw, and a red Ear; this is reckoned the best of Wheat, because it makes the finest Flower.
1864 Jrnl. Agric. July 464 The ‘red lammas’ is the most esteemed of the red wheats in Scotland.
1905 A. D. Hall Bk. Rothamsted Exper. 32 The following varieties of seed have been used: Old Red Lammas, [etc.].
2004 B. B. Desai Seeds Handbk. (ed. 2) ii. vii. 131 Some types of wheat came to have major importance: Red Lammas in Virginia. Purple Straw in the Southeast. White Australian on the West Coast.
red larch n. any of several North American larches; esp. the tamarack, Larix laricina, characterized by a reddish scaling bark (also red larch fir); cf. red American larch n.
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1803 A. B. Lambert Descr. Genus Pinus I. 58 The cones of both [trees] are sent from America annually to Mr. Loddige, one under the name of black & the other of the red larch.
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 33/1 Abies microcarpa, the Red Larch Fir.
1838 J. H. Ingraham Burton I. 68 A gravelled walk [was] bordered by young evergreens, among which were the pine, hemlock, and hackamatack, or red larch.
1897 G. B. Sudworth Nomencl. Arborescent Flora U.S. 32 Tamarack... [Also called] Red Larch (Mich.).
1988 Garden Hist. 16 37 Pinus microcarpa, Red Larch.
2007 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 1 July g2 [The tamarack is] sometimes referred to as the Eastern larch, black larch, American larch, red larch or as biologists so fondly call it, Larix laricina.
red lily n. (a) any of various kinds of lily (genus Lilium) with red flowers; esp. the scarlet Turk's-cap lily, Lilium chalcedonicum, and (North American) the wood lily, Lilium philadelphicum; (b) a South American hippeastrum, Hippeastrum puniceum.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > lilies
lily971
lily-flower1340
martagon1440
delucea1450
red lily1531
purple lily1578
mountain lily1597
gold lily1629
Turk's cap1672
turn-cap1688
Juno's rose1706
orange lily1731
Canada lily1771
Japan lily1813
tiger-lily1824
Annunciation lily1853
Easter lily1860
golden-rayed lily1865
scarlet martagon1867
Japanese lily1870
Madonna lily1877
Bermuda lily1882
thimble lily1883
panther lily1884
triplet lily1884
turban-lily1884
Mary-lily1893
tiger1901
leopard lily1902
lilium1902
swamp lily1902
Washington lily1911
Shasta lily1915
regal lily1916
regale1920
Oregon lily1925
1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1941) II. x. iv. 26 Þe rede lillye, na thing different fra þe lillye of France bot in coloure.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xliii. 201 There be three kindes of redde or purple Lillies, whereof the first is the small and common redde Lillie, the second is great.
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) i. ciii. 191 There be likewise sundry sorts of Lillies, which we do comprehend vnder one generall name in English, Red Lillies.
1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 434 Red Lily. Blossoms red, spotted with black. Common on borders of meadows.
1879 H. F. A. Eggers Flora of St. Croix (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 13) 109 Amaryllis equestris (Red Lily).
1993 in T. Coffey Hist. & Folklore N. Amer. Wildflowers 306/2 Lilium philadelphicum... Philadelphia-Martagon, Prairie Lily (Wis.), Red Lily.
2000 W. A. Whistler Trop. Ornamentals 258 The..commonly grown Hippeastrum puniceum..Urban, Barbados lily or red lily.
red loosestrife n. now rare purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > loosestrife and allied flowers
loosestrife1548
purple loosestrife1548
red loosestrife1548
red lysimachus1578
spiked or purple-spiked willow-herb1578
withy-herb1578
water willow1585
willow-wort1731
willow weed1866
swamp loosestrife-
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.ijv Lysimachia purpurea..maye be called in englishe red loosstryfe, or purple losestryfe.
1866 M. Arnold Thyrsis xiii, in Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 451 When, through the Wytham flats, Red loosestrife and blond meadow-sweet among,..We track'd the shy Thames shore.
1938 P. Chalmers Angler's Eng. v. 127 Nowhere else but in Broadland may the angler hope to see..perched on top of a red loosestrife, opening and shutting its great glowing wings to the sun, the Swallow Tail Butterfly.
red louro n. see louro n.
† red lysimachus n. Obsolete rare = red loosestrife n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > loosestrife and allied flowers
loosestrife1548
purple loosestrife1548
red loosestrife1548
red lysimachus1578
spiked or purple-spiked willow-herb1578
withy-herb1578
water willow1585
willow-wort1731
willow weed1866
swamp loosestrife-
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. li. 75 In Englishe, the first [is called] red Lysimachus, or Wythie herbe, or Louse stryfe.
red madder n. (a) the plant madder, Rubia tinctorum; (also) the reddish-purple dye obtained from the roots of this plant; †(b) any of several kinds of birthwort (genus Aristolochia) (obsolete).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > madder
maddereOE
red madder?a1425
warence1526
rubee?a1547
umber-owea1661
madder plant1758
alizari1769
munjeet1813
?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 3 (MED) Astrologia beth of iij specys: the longe is callid rede mader.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 56 Pocions made & componed of rubea maiori, i. rede mader.
?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 126 Þis herbe [sc. Astralogia rotunda] is on spece of þe reed madyr.
a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 201 Rvbea maior is an herbe þat me clepuþ reed mader or warance; þis herbe hath leues þat buth euelong y-lich to þe leues of woderoue, and hij buþ sharp at þe ende.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry sig. A5 Atristolochia-longa, otherwise called red madder, is an hearbe growing almost in every field.
1781 A. Hamilton Treat. Midwifery 52 Some use an infusion of red madder (the dye so called) in beer.
1847 London Jrnl. Arts, Sci., & Manuf. 30 284 The ground..has the same chemical constituents and characteristics as the earth in which red madder is cultivated at Avignon.
1935 Parnassus 7 17/2 Purple is produced..by dyeing red madder over indigo.
1992 D. Kemp Pleasures & Treasures Brit. iv. 202 The name of both the church and the alley recall the market at which cloth workers bought red madder root for dyeing their fabrics.
red Magdalen n. now rare a variety of Magdalen peach (see Magdalene n. 4b) having red flesh around the stone and red-flushed skin.
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1674 L. Gurle in G. S. Thomson Life in Noble Househ. (1937) xiii. 249 (modernized text) 1 Red Magdalen.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Persica 4. The Red Magdalaine (or Magdelene Rouge) is a middle-siz'd Fruit; the Flesh or Pulp is very delicious; it parts from the Stone where the Flesh is red.
1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 144 Red Magdalen...Flesh white, veined with red at the stone, firm, rich, sugary, and vinous.
1917 U. P. Hedrick Peaches of N.Y. vi. 451 Red Magdalen... This variety..has been grown under various names.
red mahogany n. (a) a light-coloured variety of tropical American mahogany (the wood of trees of the genus Swietenia); (b) Australian any of several eucalypts with hard red wood, esp. Eucalyptus resinifera; (also) the wood of any of these trees; (c) a kind of African mahogany, Khaya nyasica; (also) the wood of this tree.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees
yellow box1662
gum tree1676
white gum tree1733
whip-stick1782
peppermint1790
red gum tree1790
red mahogany1798
white gum1798
box1801
blue gum1802
eucalyptus1809
box tree1819
black-butted gum1820
bloodwood1827
white ash1830
blackbutt1833
morrel1837
mountain ash1837
mallee scrub1845
apple gum1846
flooded gum1847
Moreton Bay ash1847
mallee1848
swamp gum1852
box-gum1855
manna gum1855
white top1856
river gum1860
grey box1861
woolly butt1862
marlock1863
fever tree1867
red ironbark1867
river white gum1867
karri1870
yellow jacket1876
eucalypt1877
yapunyah1878
coolibah1879
scribbly gum1883
forest mahogany1884
yellow jack1884
rose gum1885
Jimmy Low1887
nankeen gum1889
slaty gum1889
sugar-gum1889
apple box1890
Murray red gum1895
creek-gum1898
eucalyptian1901
forest red gum1904
river red gum1920
napunyah1921
whitewash gum1923
ghost gum1928
snow gum1928
Sydney blue gum1932
salmon gum1934
lapunyah1940
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Australasian
tallow-tree1704
rata1773
rosewood1779
red mahogany1798
ironbark1799
wild orange1802
red gum1803
rewarewa1817
red cedar1818
black-butted gum1820
Huon pine1820
miro1820
oak1821
horoeka1831
hinau1832
maire1832
totara1832
blackbutt1833
marri1833
raspberry jam tree1833
kohekohe1835
puriri1835
tawa1839
hickory1840
whau1840
pukatea1841
titoki1842
butterbush1843
iron gum1844
York gum1846
mangeao1848
myall1848
ironheart1859
lilly-pilly1860
belah1862
flindosa1862
jarrah1866
silky oak1866
teak of New South Wales1866
Tolosa-wood1866
turmeric-tree1866
walking-stick palm1869
tooart1870
queenwood1873
tarairi1873
boree1878
yate1880
axe-breaker1884
bangalay1884
coachwood1884
cudgerie1884
feather-wood1884
forest mahogany1884
maiden's blush1884
swamp mahogany1884
tallow-wood1884
teak of New Zealand1884
wandoo1884
heartwood1885
ivorywood1887
Jimmy Low1887
Burdekin plum1889
corkwood1889
pigeon-berry ash1889
red beech1889
silver beech1889
turnip-wood1891
black bean1895
red bean1895
pinkwood1898
poplar1898
rose mahogany1898
quandong1908
lancewood1910
New Zealand honeysuckle1910
Queensland walnut1919
mahogany gum1944
Australian mahogany1948
1798 S. Shaw Hist. & Antiqs. Staffs. 98/1 A. piperatus... Gills brown, branching, numerous... Pileus three inches over, red mahogany coloured.
1817 A. Cunningham in I. Marriott Early Explorers Austral. (1925) 176 E. resinifera; red mahogany.
1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 8/1 Acacio, a heavy, durable wood of the red mahogany character, but darker and plainer.
1884 A. Nilson Timber Trees New S. Wales 10 The most valuable and best-known species of Eucalyptus are those called..‘Red or Forest Mahogany’.
1915 Geogr. Jrnl. 46 208 There were heavy-branched Pseudocedrellas, the red mahogany, thick-trunked Chlorophoras..and many other trees of enormous height that I could not name.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 116/2 Mr. Moss has given the directions..for refinishing brown mahogany. Red mahogany is a bit different. Varnish remover is applied and the paint scraped off.
1980 A. Storrs & J. Storrs Children's Tree Bk. (Forest Dept. of Zambia) 43 Red Mahogany, Khaya nyasica... Household articles like bowls, jars, boxes and spoons are..made from Red Mahogany.
2006 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 16 Sept. 87 Magnificent stands of casuarinas, ironbarks and red mahogany supplied Sydney with its timber for building, fuel for cooking stoves, and charcoal for most of the 19th century.
red maidweed n. see maidweed n. 2.
red Malabar nightshade n. rare a cultivated variety of Malabar nightshade, Basella alba, having reddish stems and flowers.
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1806 B. M'Mahon Amer. Gardener's Cal. 637 Basella rubra..Red Malabar Nightshade.
1972 Y. Lovelock Veg. Bk. i. 229 It [sc. Red Basella] can be found growing in most tropical Asian countries and was introduced into England early in the eighteenth century, where it is alternatively known as red Malabar nightshade and East Indian spinach.
red mangrove n. (a) any of several mangroves of the family Rhizophoraceae with reddish wood, esp. Rhizophora mangle and (Australian) Bruguiera rheedii; (also) the wood of such a tree; (b) Australian a coastal tree, Heritiera littoralis (family Sterculiaceae) (rare).
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1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vi. 151 Low swampy Land, overgrown with Red Mangroves.
1792 Act 32 Geo. III c. 49 §2 Red Mangrove Bark is subject to a Duty.
1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 476/1 R[hizophora] Candel, Red Mangrove, or Paletuvier.—The branches of this species, though they bend downwards, do not take root. The wood is..of a deep red.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral. Eng. 282/2 Bruguiera rheedii..is called in Australia Red Mangrove, and the same vernacular name is applied to Heritiera littoralis,..the Looking-glass Tree of English gardeners.
1958 Austral. Encycl. XIII. 288/1 Heritiera littoralis occurs widely as a sea-coast tree through the Old World... In Queensland it is known as red mangrove.
2005 Church Times 11 Mar. 9/2 A layer of red mangroves, with flexible branches and tangled roots, absorbs the first shock waves.
red maple n. North American a maple of eastern North America, Acer rubrum, having red flowers and twigs, and foliage that turns brilliant red in the autumn; also called swamp maple.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > maples > [noun]
maple treeOE
maplec1385
plane tree1562
great maple1597
sycamore-tree1597
sycamore1598
sugar-tree1705
sugar maple1731
red maple1767
scarlet maple1768
rock maple1774
white maple1774
silk wood1775
moosewood1778
mountain maple1785
box elder1787
acer1793
sycamore maple1796
mock plane1797
Montpellier maple1797
water maple1803
soft maple1806
sugar-wood1809
swamp maple1810
low maple1813
maple bush1821
Neapolitan maple1833
snake-bark1838
moose-maple1839
sap-tree1843
Manitoba maple1887
Japanese maple1898
curly maple1909
Queensland maple1915
paperbark maple1927
Amur maple1934
1767 W. Stork Acct. E. Florida 19 The woody swamps are chiefly black and white ash, with red maple next the river.
1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. ii. 88 The red maple is a common tenant of low woods and swamps throughout the Atlantic States.
1919 E. L. Sturtevant Notes on Edible Plants 21 A[cer] rubrum. Red Maple. Swamp Maple... In Maine, sugar is often made from the sap.
2003 AMC Outdoors Mag. Oct. 32/1 The trail passes through a rhododendron tunnel, with red maple and witch hazel rising above.
red maythe n. see maythe n. 2a.
red mint n. any of several kinds of mint; esp. either of two hybrid mints, Mentha × smithiana (formerly M. rubra) (more fully tall red mint) and M. × gentilis (more fully bushy red mint), which are grown for their fragrance and sometimes naturalized.
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c1300 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 146 Recipe warmot, red may, reed mynt, reed netlys, sage, halfwodde, fymeter.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 26 (MED) Tak and drynk rede mynt and arnement menged to-gedir.
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.iij v Many learned men contayne the red Mynt that groweth by water sydes, and is called of some horse Mynt vnder sisymbrio.
1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentm. i. 10 Take..of Harts tonge, Red mynt, Violetts, and Marygolds, of each halfe a handfull, boyle them in white wine.
1798 W. Sole Menthæ Britannicæ 42 Red Mint... This Mint grows about a foot and a half in height; the stalk is of a deep red colour.
1835 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 313 There are two species, the rubra and the gentilis, which both go under the name of Red-mint: the former of which is, in some country gardens, called Horse-mint.
2000 A. F. Rhoads & T. A. Block Plants Pennsylvania 475 Mentha × gentilis. Red mint. Cultivated and frequently naturalized in gravelly shores, stream banks, and roadsides.
red mombin n. see mombin n.
red Morocco n. now historical and rare the pheasant's eye, Adonis annua, having bright red flowers.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > delphinium or larkspur
red maytheeOE
brown maythec1450
lark's foota1500
red maidweed1548
consound1578
lark's claw1578
larkspur1578
ox-eye1578
red camomile1578
Adonis1597
lark-heel1597
lark's toes1597
monkshood1597
rose-a-ruby1597
delphinium1666
pheasant's eye1727
red Morocco1760
rocket larkspur1778
blue rocket larkspur1784
bee-larkspur1846
1760 P. Miller Fig. most Beautiful, Useful, & Uncommon Plants descr. in Gardeners Dict. I. 10 There hath been great Quantities of the Plants in Flower brought to London, and sold about the Streets, by the Name of Red Morocco.
1819 J. Taylor Naturales Curiosæ 129 Adonis—Red Morocco... Its flowers are of a bright scarlet, with a black spot or eye at the bottom.
1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 49/2 In the eighteenth century it was common enough in the chalky cornfields of southern England to be gathered for sale in Covent Garden Market as ‘Red Morocco’.
red mulberry n. North American a North American mulberry, Morus rubra, (also) the edible fruit of this tree, which is bright red at first, becoming dark purple when ripe.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > mulberry > types of
moruma1398
sycamine1526
white mulberry1562
red mulberry1648
toot1879
1648 J. Bobart Catalogus Plantarum Horti Medici Oxoniensis 35 Morus rubra, Red Mulberry.
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 103 We have three sorts of Mulberries... The first is the common red Mulberry, whose Fruit is the earliest we have,..and very sweet.
1894 J. M. Coulter Bot. W. Texas III. 408 Morus rubra. (Red Mulberry.) Large tree, ripening its blackberry-like fruit in July.
1942 W. M. Harlow Trees Eastern U.S. 179 Red mulberry is a relatively rare tree not often cut for lumber.
1993 Waterloo (Iowa) Courier 29 June c8/2 The best red mulberries have a sprightly sweet-tart flavor.
red mulga n. an Australian acacia, Acacia cyperophylla, having reddish bark; (also) the wood of this tree.
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1896 W. B. Spencer Horn Sci. Exped. Central Austral. i. 16 We crossed a narrow belt of country characterized by the growth along the creek sides of red mulga.
1922 ‘J. Bushman’ In Musgrave Ranges 229 The head of the spear was broad and flat, and was made of red mulga, a hard, tough, poisonous wood.
1995 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 17 Aug. 55 A surprising variety of flora grows in Australia's harshest desert, from the spinning-top-shaped mulga bush and the smelly gidgee, to..curling Acacia cyperophylla (red mulga).
red myrtle n. chiefly Australian †(a) a tree or liana of the genus Metrosideros (family Myrtaceae); cf. rata n. 2 (obsolete rare); (b) any of several trees related to or formerly included in the genus Eugenia (family Myrtaceae), esp. the pink-flowered Syzygium paniculatum (now rare); (c) myrtle beech, Nothofagus cunnighamii; (also) the heavy pink-coloured wood of this tree.
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1851 J. C. Richmond Let. 25 Mar. in Richmond–Atkinson Papers (1960) I. ii. 79 One of these parasites.., the red myrtle, winding in & out of its patron becomes itself an enormous tree stifling the original growth... It is covered in season with lovely scarlet & gold flowers in shape like those of the English myrtle.
1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 531 Eugenia myrtifolia... ‘Brush Cherry’ or ‘Native Myrtle’. Called ‘Red Myrtle’ in Southern New South Wales.
1889 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) No. 29. 114 Red Myrtle..—A sound, mild-working wood of a bright pink colour, resembling English beech in grain.
1926 Queensland Agric. Jrnl. 25 437 Eugenia helimampra [sic]..Red Myrtle (Fraser Island).
2004 Mercury (Australia) (Nexis) 25 May 3 A big Tasmanian mining company could thwart plans to log precious red myrtle in the state's North-West.
red nightshade n. now rare (a) the winter cherry, Physalis alkekengi; (b) pokeweed, Phytolacca americana.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Solanaceae (nightshade and allies) > [noun] > physalis
alkekengi1440
winter cherry1548
red nightshade1578
winterberry1608
pop vine1750
Physalis1754
cow pops1848
Jerusalem cherry1884
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 444 Of Red Nightshade, winter Cherie and Alkakengy.
1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ Halicacabus,..red nightshade.
1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1074/2 Red Nightshade, common name for the Phytolacca decandra.
1902 T. W. Sanders Encycl. Gardening (ed. 5) 291 Physalis (Ground or Winter Cherry, Alkekeng, Bladder Herb, Red Nightshade..).
1996 Richmond (Virginia) Times Disp. (Nexis) 21 Sept. e1 Pigeonberry is red nightshade.
red oak n. any of various oak trees with reddish bark, wood, etc.; (now) spec. any of several North American oaks, (esp. Quercus rubra), characterized by leaves which have bristle-tipped lobes and by acorns which ripen in the second year (cf. white oak n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1g(b)(ii)); the wood of such a tree. [Also attested early in place names, as Radenhech, Buckinghamshire (1162; representing the Old English dative rēadan ǣc; now Radnage).]
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks
red oakOE
cerre-tree1577
gall-tree1597
robur1601
kermes1605
live oak1610
white oak1610
royal oak1616
swamp-oak1683
grey oak1697
rock oak1699
chestnut oak1703
water oak1709
Spanish oak1716
turkey-oak1717
willow oak1717
iron oak1724
maiden oak1725
scarlet oak1738
black jack1765
post oak1775
durmast1791
mountain chestnut oak1801
quercitron oak1803
laurel oak1810
mossy-cup oak1810
rock chestnut oak1810
pin oak1812
overcup oak1814
overcup white oak1814
bur oak1815
jack oak1816
mountain oak1818
shingle-oak1818
gall-oak1835
peach oak1835
golden oak1838
weeping oak1838
Aleppo oak1845
Italian oak1858
dyer's oak1861
Gambel's Oak1878
maul oak1884
punk oak1884
sessile oak1906
Garry oak1908
roble1908
OE Bounds (Sawyer 878) in P. H. Sawyer Charters of Burton Abbey (1979) 46 On ða stræte forþ æfter strete oð cume to þan readan acon & ðær ðwers ofer ða wuda.
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. iii. 6 The large and loose grained timber of the red Oake and frusshie Ash.
1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. v. 16 Of Oakes there be three kindes, the red Oake, white, and blacke.
1717 Petiveriana iii. 11/1 Red Oak. Is a porous Wood.
1816–20 T. Green Universal Herbal II. 857/2 Quercus rubra, Red Oak-tree. N. Amer.—Varieties, Champion, Scarlet, and Mountain Red Oak.
1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 98 Quercus Falcata.—This oak, known..in the Carolinas and Georgia by that of red oak.
1901 H. Robertson Inlander 310 I des gwine down to de branch to git me some red-oak bark.
2002 Northern Woodlands Spring 46 I found myself in the woods holding a splitting maul while my father gestured toward a rather large pile of what I now know to be red oak.
red oats n. any of several varieties of the cultivated oat, Avena sativa, having reddish grains, esp. (U.S.) one tolerant of a warm dry climate.
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?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. ix There be .iii. maner of otes,..red othes, blake otes, and rough otes. Red otes are the best otes, and whanne they be thresshed they be yelowe in the busshell, & very good to make otemeyle of.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vi. 204 A sort of red-Oate sowne thereabout.
1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 409 Red Oats are much cultivated in Derbyshire [etc.].
1838 D. Low Elements Pract. Agric. (ed. 2) vii. 255 Those that are chosen for seed should be plump without awns, and with but a slight darkness of colour. The oats of this class are called red oats.
1911 J. E. Halligan Fund. Agric. 133 Red oats are varieties of a brown or red color, developed into and especially adapted to the warmer states.
1980 Mountain Democrat-Times (Placerville, Calif.) 20 June b14/1 (advt.) No. 1 red oats $6.75 per bale.
red onion n. a mild-flavoured variety of onion with reddish-purple skin.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion > other types of onion
hollekec1000
chibol1362
scallion1393
oniona1398
chesbollc1410
oinet?1440
red onionc1450
sybow1574
green onion1577
Strasbourg onion1629
cibol1632
Portugal onion1647
Spanish onion1706
Welsh onion1731
spring onion1758
Reading1784
rareripe1788
yellow onion1816
onionet1820
potato onion1822
tripoli1822
escalion1847
stone-leek1861
Egyptian onion1880
ramp1885
multiplier1907
ramps1939
Vidalia1969
tree onion-
c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 97 (MED) Take red oynenons, as many as wolle suffise to make a plasture.
1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (ed. 3) 153 They abound in vast quantities of large Red Onions and Garlick.
1726 Way to Health & Long Life 41 An Infusion of white Wine, wherein Parsley, Pelitory of the Wall, and a red Onion, had been bruised and steeped over Night.
1866 S. E. Todd Bridgeman's Amer. Gardener's Assistant (rev. ed.) 103 The Allium cepa, or common White and Red onions, are most generally cultivated by market gardeners as a substitute for the Allium fistulosum.
1916 R. L. Watts Veg. Gardening xxi. 382 Southport Red Globe is a general favourite wherever red onions are grown from seed sown in the open ground.
2002 J. Harris & F. Warde French Kitchen 35 Heat a drizzle of olive oil in a saucepan, add the mushrooms and red onion, and cook over a medium heat.
red osier n. see osier n. 2.
† red paper-moss n. Obsolete rare a red seaweed (not identified).
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1764 G. Edwards Gleanings Nat. Hist. III. Index 346 Corallines, Polypes, Sea-insects, and other Marine Substances... 309 [Plate] The red Paper-moss. L'Urac rouge.
red pasque flower n. rare a kind of pulsatilla (genus Pulsatilla), having red flowers.
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1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 308 Of bastard Anemones, or Pasque flowers..2. Pulsatilla rubra. Red Passe flower.
1771 R. Weston Univ. Botanist & Nurseryman II. 44 Anemone-Pulsatilla... rubra... Red Pasque Flower.
2006 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 26 May c12 Pulsatilla vulgaris 'Rubra': Red pasque flower is the City of Calgary's flower. It's an early bloomer with gorgeous feathery seed heads in summer.
red pimpernel n. scarlet pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis (family Myrsinaceae).
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c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 170 (MED) To knaw the lyue of a woundid man, wheþer he shall leue or dye, take þe rede pympernell and stamp it in a mortere & tamper it with watir or wyne and giffe it to þe woundid man to drynke.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Morgeline maste, Red Pimpernell.
1793 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3 163/2 Anagallis, Red Pimpernel.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 59/1 Every one is familiar with the common red Pimpernel (A[nagallis] arvensis).
1915 Times 2 June 7/3 Poppies—the only scarlet wild flower of our restrained English flora, with the doubtful exception of the red pimpernel.
1998 F. Couplan Encycl. Edible Plants N. Amer. 197 Red pimpernel contains saponins, and in high doses it can be slightly toxic.
red plum n. any of various plum trees bearing red fruit; spec. the North American wild plum, Prunus americana; (also) the edible bright red fruit of this tree.
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1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees ii. 13 Any other Black or Red-plum of free growth.
1797 G. Imlay Topogr. Descr. Western Territory N. Amer. (ed. 3) 264 Barren, or red plum.
1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. ii. 94 P. americana... Red Plum. Yellow Plum.
1912 W. Paddock & O. Whipple Fruit growing in Arid Regions 248 When consumers are able to overcome their prejudices..they find that the better red plums are superior in flavor.
2002 C. Fergus Trees Pennsylvania & Northeast 240 Wild plum is sometimes called red plum, as its fruits are often red in color... They..make excellent preserves and jellies.
red poppy n. the field poppy, Papaver Rhoeas, or other species of poppy with red flowers; cf. poppy n. 1a.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > poppy and allied flowers > poppy
poppyeOE
wild poppya1300
red poppya1400
mecop1480
corn-rose1527
field poppy1597
redweed1609
darnel1612
cockrose?1632
canker1640
tell-love1640
rose poppy1648
erratic poppy1661
corn poppy1671
headwark1691
cop-rose1776
headachea1825
thunderbolt1847
thunder-flower1853
Iceland poppy1870
Greenland poppy1882
a1400 Alphita (Selden) (1887) 134 Papauer rubeum..Gall. rougerole; anglice, redpopy.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxxxii. 433 There be two sortes of red Poppie, or Cornerose, the great and the small.
1663 G. Harvey Archelogia Philosophica Nova II. ii. v. 284 Red Poppy is the sole cold Pulmonick, whose vertue is more then admirable in a Pleurisie.
1728 E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 2) 192 Two Ounces of Syrup of red Poppies, and as much of Raspberry Syrup.
1776 Farmer's Mag. June 108 Most farmers know what a troublesome..weed the red poppy is when it prevails pretty much in corn.
1894 K. Grahame Pagan Papers 68 A riot of scarlet on gold, the red poppy of our native fields tosses heavy tresses with gipsy abandon.
1950 Times 10 July 5/6 Red poppies are much more in evidence this season and so is the yellow charlock where corn crops have not been sprayed.
2006 A. Murphy-Hiscock Way of Green Witch v. 119 Although the red poppy is a gentle narcotic in large quantities, it is the white poppy that is toxic and the source of opium.
red potato n. (a) any of several red-skinned varieties of potato, Solanum tuberosum; (also) the tubers of these plants; †(b) the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (obsolete rare).
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1727 B. Langley New Princ. Gardening 71 The fourth Kind is the red Potatoe, with a rough Coat, the very best of any.
1766 Compl. Farmer at Potatoe I remember, about twenty-five years ago, the large red potato, then called the Castonian.
1819 D. B. Warden Statist., Polit. & Hist. Acct. U.S. I. 429 Red potatoe... Convolvulus batatas.
1895 W. J. Malden Potato 101 At the present time a red potato is very difficult to sell.
1928 C. E. Owens Princ. Plant Pathol. xi. 120 Red potatoes have been credited with being more resistant [to disease] than white-skinned varieties.
2001 Grand Forks (N. Dakota) Herald (Nexis) 28 Sept. 6 The wet weather softened the ground, allowing..farmers who grow red potatoes to harvest their crops without damaging the skins.
red puccoon n. bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis (family Papaveraceae), the rhizome of which is used to produce a red dye; cf. puccoon n.
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1841 Proc. Med. Convent. Ohio 69 Sanguinaria Canadensis. Blood-root. Red puccoon. Emetic, cathartic, expectorant, diaphoretic, &c.
1907 Amer. Anthropologist 9 67 Besides..variously colored earths generally employed for body painting the Virginian Indians made use of certain roots, the most common of which, known as red puccoon, is identified as bloodroot.
2003 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Feb. 47/1 He wanted to set down an accurate account of an attempt to treat his wife's breast cancer..involving regular applications of an ointment based on Sanguinaria canadensis, bloodroot or red puccoon.
red quebracho n. see quebracho n. 1.
red raspberry n. (a) the typical variety of cultivated raspberry, Rubus idaeus, bearing red fruit (as contrasted with varieties bearing fruit of other colours); (also) the fruit itself; (b) North American the native North American raspberry, Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus (also cultivated), bearing red fruit, as contrasted, e.g., with the allied North American R. occidentalis, which bears purplish-black fruit; (also) the fruit itself.
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1727 R. Furber Catal. Fruit-trees 16 Raspberries... Common white Raspberry. Common red Raspberry.
1744 Adam's Luxury, & Eve's Cookery i. 70 Raspberries. There are several Sorts of this Plant cultivated in the Kitchen-Garden; as the common Red Raspberry, the White Raspberry, and the late Red Raspberry.
1802 in Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. 1st Ser. 17 216 The second crop was then full grown, as were also red raspberries.
1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (ed. 2) xxv. 529 Heap a dessert dish quite high with alternate layers of..white and red currants, and white or red raspberries.
1981 Waseca (Minnesota) Daily Jrnl. 30 Mar. 3/1 In Minnesota, all three types of raspberries—the red, purple and black can be grown.
2007 Plant Biol. 7 15/1 Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is an economically important member of the Rosaceae.
† red-ray n. Obsolete (probably) wall barley, Hordeum murinum (cf. red darnel n.).
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. xlv. 504 Phoenix... This herbe is called..in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet; it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell.
red rod n. (more fully red rod Cornus) North American (now historical) the red osier dogwood, Cornus sericea (see osier adj.).
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1785 H. Marshall Amer. Grove 36 Cornus sanguinea. American Red-rod cornus... The bark of the young shoots is very smooth, and of a beautiful dark red colour.
1804 B. S. Barton Elements Bot. (new ed.) 260 Several species of Cornus, especially..the Cornus sericea, called Red willow, and Red rod, have been found useful substitutes for the Peruvian bark in the treatments of intermittent and other fevers.
1933 Amer. Botanist Apr. 66 A second ‘squaw-bush’ with red twigs is Cornus amomum or C. sericea... The plant is naturally another ‘red osier’, ‘red rod’, ‘red willow’ and ‘rose willow’.
2004 P. Loewer Jefferson’s Garden 223 Jefferson also grew the swamp dogwood (Cornus sanguinea),..known in seventeenth-century trade as the dogberry. Humphrey Marshall, another colonial who traded seeds with England, called it the American red-rod Cornus.
red sallow n. (also red sally) (a) purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria (now English regional and rare); (b) any of various willows (genus Salix) having red bark or wood, esp. purple willow, S. purpurea; (also) the wood or a branch of any of these trees.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > osier or basket willow
osierc1175
withenc1230
osier tree1500
red withy?1523
spert1578
gelster1670
osier willow1693
red saugh1776
red sallow1798
red osier1807
sedge-willow1908
OE Lacnunga (2001) I. cxlvi. 100 Genim þu saluian leaf..& persoces leaf & reades seales leaf.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation v. ii. 177 The Red Sallow, or Withe, and the Ground Hazel,..are of all the others the most esteemed as being the toughest and lighest, and yet strong enough to hold the bigest Fish.
1798 R. Douglas Gen. View Agric. Roxburgh & Selkirk 120 A species of willow, known by the name of red saugh or sallow, is esteemed next in value to ash, oak and elm.
1851 T. Sternberg Dial. & Folk-lore Northants. 86 A species of red sallow concerning which there is a superstition that a branch hung up over the hearth preserves the cattle from disease, &c.
1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Sally, Red, Lythrum Salicaria, L. Lanc. (Southport), where it is much gathered for medicinal purposes.
1959 Music & Lett. 40 180 The shape of the irish harp is familiar enough, with its curved fore-pillar of bog-oak and its soundboard of red sallow.
red sandal tree n. now rare the South Asian tree Pterocarpus santalinus, the source of red sanders (see red sanders n.).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > trees or shrubs yielding dyes > [noun] > red sanders tree or wood
sandalwood?c1510
red sanders1553
red sandal tree1822
1822 tr. C. Malte-Brun Universal Geogr. III. xlvi. 32 The red sandal tree, or dragon's blood, gum lac, and gamboge, grow in the Deccan and in Ceylon.
1849 Paxton's Mag. Bot. 15 115 Neither the Red Sandal-tree (Pterocarpus santalinus)..or the Santoor Sandal-tree (Sandoricum indicum), are the plants intended by the term Almug.
1982 tr. Dard Song in S. Dhar Jammu & Kashmir (rev ed.) ix. 111 The name of the one remaining tree is the ‘Red Sandal Tree’.
red sandalwood n. (a) red sanders, the wood of the South Asian tree Pterocarpus santalinus (see red sanders n.); (also, in later use) the tree itself; (b) the red bead tree, Adenanthera pavonina, having extremely hard red heartwood; (also) the wood of this tree.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > woods of specific colour or dye-woods
red sandalwood?c1510
redwooda1533
whitewood1562
red sanderswood1598
sapan wood1598
peach woodc1638
Campeachy wood1652
coral-wood1693
Nicaragua wood1696
cam-wood1699
Guinea wood1722
Nicaragua1756
barwood1788
ruby wood1843
sap pan1874
?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Bi Whyte & red sandelen wodde.
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 73 Red Sandall wood, fiftie Ducatts.
1783 A. Philips tr. Thousand & One Days III. 250/2 A dome of red sandal-wood, supported by six columns of China steel.
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 553 A deep red is yielded by the chips of Adenanthera pavonina, called in India Ruktachundun, or Red Sandal-wood.
1946 A. P. Benthall Trees of Calcutta 207 Adenanthera pavonina... Red sandalwood, bead tree... The heartwood is of a handsome red colour which turns purple on exposure.
2000 Field Crops Res. 65 186/1 Six species are listed as threatened..including P. santalinus the red sandalwood of India.
red sandwort n. now rare sand spurrey, Spergularia rubra (family Caryophyllaceae) having small pink or white flowers.
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1771 J. R. Forster Catal. Plants N. Amer. in tr. J. B. Bossu Trav. Louisiana II. 37 Arenaria rubra. Sandwort, red.
1842 Phytologist 1 xii. 217 Arenaria rubra, (Red Sandwort). Stems procumbent, smooth except near the flowers.
1948 W. R. Benét Reader's Encycl. 390 Red sandwort.
red satyrion n. rare a kind of orchid (not identified).
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lviii. 225 Satyrium erythronium, Redde Satyrion.
1902 Plant World 5 50 The red-spotted leaves of this plant [sc. dog's tooth lily] being similar to species of Orchis or Satyrion, became confused, therefore, with red satyrion.
† red saugh n. Scottish Obsolete any of several willows (genus Salix) having reddish bark or wood; cf. red sallow n. (b).
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > osier or basket willow
osierc1175
withenc1230
osier tree1500
red withy?1523
spert1578
gelster1670
osier willow1693
red saugh1776
red sallow1798
red osier1807
sedge-willow1908
1776 L. Shaw in T. Pennant Tour in Scotl. 1769 (ed. 4) App. ii. 310 Red Saugh, or Sallow..is no less beautiful than mahogany, and is much more firm and tough, and not so brittle.
1808 J. Walker Econ. Hist. Hebrides xi. 262 The wood of this tree [sc. Salix rubra] is remarkably red, but so, likewise, in some degree, is the wood of the apple-leaved and goat willow... Each of these is therefore called sometimes the red saugh, by our country people.
red saxifrage n. †(a) [after post-classical Latin saxifraga rubea (1500 in the passage translated in quot. 1527)] dropwort, Filipendula vulgaris (family Rosaceae) (obsolete); (b) purple saxifrage, Saxifraga oppositifolia.
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1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon ii. xciii. sig. Giiv/1 Water of rede Saxyfrage.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxviii. 41 Som cal this herb in latin Saxifraga rubea..in English Filipendula, Dropwurte, and Redde Saxifrage.
1706 tr. F. de la Calmette Riverius Reformatus i. 103 Others give a Dram of the Root of red Saxifrage powder'd in Wine.
1822 W. J. Hort Elements French Conversat. 126/2 They often make diet-drinks of germander, saxifrage, celandine, blind nettle and red saxifrage.
1876 Fraser's Mag. Dec. 779/1 A number of dwarf willows..were also seen, and a quantity of small, though lovely Arctic flowers, of which the red saxifrage makes the most show.
1928 L. Mecking tr. O. Nordenskjöld in Geogr. Polar Regions ii. 146 On southern exposures, a wide range of color, size, and species develops, as in the case of the red saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia), of which whole beds occur.
red seaweed n. any of the red algae occurring in marine habitats (see red alga n.).
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1808 A. Nimmo in H. Dutton Statist. Surv. County Galway 183 The great supply of manure on the coast is the red sea weed, which is cast ashore in considerable abundance.
1937 J. E. Tilden Algae & their Life Relations v. 104 The Rhodophyceae proper (Euflorideae), including the majority of the red seaweeds, represent the descendants of the oldest highly organized plants in the world.
2002 Mycologia 94 712/1 Pythium porphyrae..is a microbial pathogen which causes red rot disease in the commercially cultivated red seaweed Porphyra.
red sea-wrack n. rare a red seaweed (not identified).
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1760 G. Edwards Gleanings Nat. Hist. II. 211 The Red Sea-wrack or Weed,..curiously dotted or granulated, and of a beautiful carmine colour.
1919 E. Candler On Edge of World viii. 220 The red sea-wrack faded to a dull lichen hue.
† red sedge n. Obsolete rare any of several kinds of sedge or sedge-like plant having a reddish inflorescence.
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eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxix. 102 Nim nigontyne snæda eolonan..& endlefan reades secges.
1783 G. Armstrong Acct. Dis. Children (new ed.) x. 99 These [lymphatic glands] should be well rubbed night and morning with the juice of the root of red sedge (or gladiolus luteus).
red sorrel n. (a) any of several kinds of sorrel (genus Rumex) having reddish leaves or flowers; esp. sheep's sorrel, R. acetosella, which has dark red female flowers and fruit; (b) Caribbean the roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa.
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1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 55 I have not mentioned the Red Sorrel, I mean that which was shewed to me at Bremen by the Dutch Gardener.
?1740 Importance Jamaica to Great-Brit. 34 Two sorts of Sorrels, white and red, of both which they make Jellies and Marmalade, and a cool drink.
1815 W. Meeston tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Harmonies of Nature I. i. 105 The scurvy-grass, with leaves rounded like a spoon; and the red sorrel, with pointed leaves..supply mariners in their mixture with a powerful antiscorbutic.
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 787/2 Sorrel, Indian or red, Hibiscus Sabdarifa.
1917 Times 14 Aug. 9/5 Old pastures have deteriorated..throwing out many weeds and a profusion of red sorrel.
2006 A. Green Field Guide Herbs & Spices 44 Although hibiscus has a tartness similar to sorrel and is often called red sorrel, it is not related to that plant.
† red spert n. Obsolete rare a kind of willow (genus Salix) having reddish bark or wood; cf. red sallow n. (b).
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. lxvii. 744 That whiche hath the reddish barke, is called..in English, Red Withy, and the better sort therof is called Red sperte.
red spruce n. [compare French épinette rouge (1664)] a spruce of eastern North America, Picea rubens, having a reddish bark (also red spruce tree); the wood of this tree.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > spruces
spruce?1602
Norway fir1666
spruce fir1676
hemlock tree1679
hemlock1728
spruce pine1731
white spruce1731
black spruce1741
red spruce1741
Norway spruce1766
silver fir1789
var1793
Engelmann1866
Sitka spruce1867
Sitka pine1868
skunk spruce1876
Colorado spruce1881
Yeddo spruce1932
1741 P. Collinson Let. 25 Feb. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 151 Look out sharp for the Balm of Gilead Firs, & Black, Red & White Spruce as Mr. Dudley Calls them.
1777 Quebec Gaz. 17 Apr. 2/1 The logs covering the sleepers, shall be of ash or red spruce.
1857 Sci. Amer. 25 Apr. 262/4 Red spruce logs, we have been informed, endure much longer under ground than those of red birch, and are, therefore, preferable for water pipes.
1943 R. Peattie Great Smokies & Blue Ridge 157 The red spruce..crowns only our highest peaks.
2001 Frederick (Maryland) Post 26 Mar. a3/2 Researchers said that acid rain has contributed to a decline in red spruce trees across the eastern United States.
red spurry n. now rare sand spurry, Spergularia rubra; cf. red sandwort n.
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1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. 1125 The Chickweed Spurrey, or the small red Spurrey.
1885 Littell's Living Age 3 Oct. 63/1 Tothill Fields..appear to have been an uncared-for waste, in some places so dry and sandy that the red spurry and the buck-horn's plantain grew there in plenty.
1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xxii. 286 Winged seeds are rarer in the British flora, but are found, for instance, in the Red Spurrey, Field Spurrey, Honesty, and Scotch Fir.
red squill n. a variety of the squill or sea onion, Urginea maritima, with a pink-scaled bulb; (also) this bulb itself, or a preparation made from it, formerly used as a rodenticide.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots
zedoaryOE
madderOE
setwall?c1225
liquoricec1275
rhubarba1400
ireosc1400
liquorice-racec1400
sage root14..
maple root1523
liquorice-root1530
rhabarbarum1533
orris1545
turmeric1545
cypressc1550
pyrethrum1562
china1582
China root1588
orris root1598
red squill1629
ginseng1654
ague root1676
poke root1687
cassumunar1693
nettle root1707
valerian root1747
belly-ache-root1775
Indian root1775
Turkey rhubarb1789
sumbul1791
serpentaria1803
Honduras sarsaparilla1818
serpentary1837
sang1843
savanilla1856
manaca1866
gelsemium1875
sanguinaria1875
Indian turmeric1890
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 133 The Spaniards forbade him to taste of the red Squill, as of a most strong and present poison.
1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Scilla There are two kinds of squills, male and female,..also distinguished by the appellations of white squills, Scilla albæ, and red squills Scilla rubræ.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1194/2 It has been supposed that the Red Squills are the produce of another species, Urginea Pancration, but this seems doubtful.
1936 Times 2 Nov. 20/4 The rats will be attacked with gas, water, fluid exterminators, and ‘red squill’—a deadly diet made in the form of biscuits and flavoured with aniseed.
2000 Carbohydrate Res. 328 177/2 Previous works revealed a highly branched fructan, called sinistrin, in red squill.
red stonecrop n. now rare any of various stonecrops (genus Sedum) having pink or red flowers, esp. (in early use) English stonecrop, S. anglicum.
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1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 235 [Sedum rubens] Red Stonecrop. Anglis.
1818 T. Walford Sci. Tourist Eng., Wales & Scotl. II. Dumfries-shire Sedum rubens (of Lightfoot), Red Stonecrop.
2005 Edmonton (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 14 Aug. (Lifestyle section) 49 From some vantage points, it appears the yard goes on forever in a wave of trees and shrubbery that highlights red stonecrop, lilies and large grasses.
red-straw lammas n. now rare = red lammas n.
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1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved 134 By one good Liming it will be reduced to beare as good Lammas or Red straw Wheat, with Barley and Pease, as your strong clay Land.
1813 W. Mavor Gen. View Agric. Berks. vii. 184 The red straw lammas, about Childrey, &c.
1889 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 25 242 The following were the most delicate: Egyptian Cone, Red Straw Lammas, Red Cone, and Talavera.
red sumac n. †(a) Venetian sumac, Cotinus coggygria (obsolete); (b) North American either of two sumacs of the eastern states, Rhus glabra and R. copallina, so called from their autumn colouring; (also) the leaves of these trees, burnt to produce aromatic smoke.
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1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1292 Of red Sumach..Cotinus Coriarius Pliny.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cotine, Venice Sumach, silken Sumach, red Sumach.
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. 111 Red Sumach. Milkiness of the juice; being a violent purger, having long leaves of a pale green colour.
1749 J. Barrow Dict. Medicum Universale Cotinus... 1. Among the antients it signified the wild olive-tree. But, 2. Among the moderns, it imports the vernice or red sumach.
1813 H. Muhlenberg Catal. Plantarum Americæ Septentrionalis 32 Rhus glabrum, red, smooth Sumach.
c1902 S. Clapin New Dict. Americanisms 333 Red sumac, a tree, the leaves of which are largely used, by Indians and trappers, as a substitute for tobacco... Also, red-willow.
2001 N.Y. Times 31 May f5/4 Before opening one of his hives, he used an old-fashioned smoker full of smoldering sage, artemisia and red sumac to announce his presence.
red twig n. †(a) redroot (genus Ceanothus) (obsolete); (b) North American (more fully redtwig dogwood) any of various dogwoods (genus Cornus) having red bark; (c) U.S. (more fully redtwig Leucothoe) an ericaceous shrub, Leucothoe recurva, of the south-eastern United States.
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1785 W. Marshall Planting & Ornamental Gardening Index, 635 Red Twig,—Ceanothus.
1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. at Ceanothus These [stems] are thin, flexible, and of a reddish colour, which may have occasioned this tree to go by the name of Red Twig.
1816 Warden Descr. Columbia 196 Ceanothus... American red twig, or Carolina spiræa.
1914 Portsmouth (Iowa) Daily Times 22 Apr. 7/4 Cornus siberica (Red Twig Dogwood).
1930 L. H. Bailey & E. Z. Bailey Hortus 358/1 at Leucothoë Recurva... Redtwig L.
1994 M. Griffiths Index Garden Plants 664/2 L[eucothoë] recurva (Buckl.) A. Gray. Red Twig... SE US.
2007 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. (Nexis) 28 Oct. 8 h The redtwig's small white flowers appear in the spring as round flat heads.
red valerian n. a Mediterranean spur valerian, Centranthus ruber, which is often grown for its red, pink, or white flowers and is widely naturalized on old walls, roadsides, etc.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun]
valerianc1386
nard?1440
red cow basil1597
red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597
red valerian1597
valerian-worts1747
teaselwort1846
valerian family1849
valerian tribe1855
valerian order1857
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 551 Red Valerian hath beene so called of the likenesse of the flowers, and spoked rundles with Valerian.
1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1169 The Red Valerian has a crude Taste in the Stalks and Leaves, the Flowers rubbed smell like Turpentine.
1804 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (new ed.) I. 489 The sublime ruins of ancient art, and the insulated rocks that often serve them for a base, afford a favourite situation for the red valerian.
1991 Times 5 Aug. 16/3 Red valerian grows like battlements on the top of old walls.
red whortleberry n. the cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea (family Ericaceae), a moorland shrub related to the bilberry, V. myrtillus, but with red fruits; (also) the edible fruit of this plant.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > cow-berry bush
red whorts1578
red whortleberry1597
red bilberry1652
cow-berry1800
1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1232 The red Whortle berries haue their name from the blacke Whortles, to which they be in forme very like.
1764 Ann. Reg., Char. 9 The hair..is dyed with the juice of the red wortleberry.
1857 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 354 Red Whortleberry, Cowberry... This is a low, somewhat straggling shrub.
1992 Blue Wings Aug. 53/1 An economical all-purpose berry is the cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea; also called ‘lingonberry’ or ‘red whortleberry’). It grows so profusely in Finland that it is sometimes nicknamed ‘the red gold of the forest’.
† red whorts n. Obsolete either of two plants of the family Ericaceae, red whortleberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and (in full Spanish red whorts) the strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo; (also) the fruit of either of these plants.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > cow-berry bush
red whorts1578
red whortleberry1597
red bilberry1652
cow-berry1800
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xi. 670 Vacinia nigra, Black Whortes, Vacinia rubra, Red Whortes.
1653 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1656) 33 The Red whorts are more binding, and stop..spitting of blood.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 324 Red whorts, Spanish, Arbutus.
1789 W. Camden Britannia II. 264/2 Red Whorts or Whortle-berries; on rocks at Long Crag near Watling-Street.
1821 S. F. Gray Treat. on Pharmacol. (new ed.) i. i. 71 Red Whorts. Vaccinium Vitis Idæa. Leaves sold for those of uva ursi, but are veined in a network above, dotted underneath, and their infusion precipitates neither isinglass jelly nor a solution of green vitriol.
red willow n. (a) any of several willows (genus Salix) having reddish wood or bark, esp. the polished willow, S. laevigata, of the western United States, and S. fragilis var. sanguinea, a cultivar of the crack willow; (also) the wood or a branch of any of these trees; (b) North American red osier dogwood, Cornus sericea; (see red osier n. (a) at osier n. 2).
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > other types of willow
red willow1547
water willow1583
goat's willow1597
rose willow1597
sweet willow1597
French willow1601
siler1607
palm-withy1609
sallowie1610
swallowtail willow1626
willow bay1650
black willow1670
crack-willow1670
grey willow1697
water sallow1761
almond willowa1763
swallow-tailed willow1764
swamp willow1765
golden osier1772
golden willow1772
purple willow1773
sand-willow1786
goat willow1787
purple osier1797
whipcord1812
Arctic willow1818
sage-willow1846
pussy willow1851
Kilmarnock willow1854
sweet-bay willow1857
pussy1858
palm willow1869
Spaniard1871
ground-willow1875
Spanish willow1875
snap-willow1880
diamond willow1884
sandbar willow1884
pussy palm1886
creeping willow1894
bat-willow1907
cricket bat willow1907
silver willow1914
1547 W. Salesbury Dict. Eng. & Welshe Mer helic, Redde wyllowe.
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. xvi. 106/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I An anchor was found there neere to a red willow.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. 288 Sometimes in greater faults, to giue three or fowre ierks with a birch, or with a small redde willow where birch cannot be had.
1743 J. Isham Observ. Hudsons Bay (1949) 135 Their is a willow they styl, (misqua pemeque,) or red willow, which makes an Excellent Dye upon bone, Ivory, Quils, or cloth &c.
1824 J. Doddridge Notes Virginia & Pennsylv. 26 Before the use of tobacco, the Indians smoked the inner bark of the red willow mixed with sumack leaves.
1895 Outing 27 211/1 The lake..was covered with a growth of red willows and rushes.
1945 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 31 Jan. 6/2 It [sc. a pipe] has a red pipstone bowl about 8 inches long..and the stem is made of red willow which has a soft centre.
1956 J. D. Leechman Native Tribes of Canada 110 The Prairie Indians also ate service berries, wild cherries, red willow berries, prairie turnips, bitter root, and wild rose haws.
1994 G. Paulsen Winterdance v. 104 A doe jumped out of some red willows on the side of the trail and bounded across.
† red willowherb n. Obsolete rare (probably) great willowherb, Epilobium hirsutum (originally classified as a Lysimachia or loosestrife).
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1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. li. 72 The second [lysimachion] is the red willow herbe with Coddes.
red withe n. Caribbean any of several tropical American climbing shrubs of the genus Combretum (family Combretaceae), esp. C. laxum.
ΚΠ
1814 J. Lunan Hortus Jamaicensis II. 114 Red-Withe. Combretum.
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 787 Red-withe: Combretum Jacquini.
1972 C. D. Adams Flowering Plants Jamaica 510 C[ombretum] laxum... Red Withe... Rare (St. Eliz., West., Han.), on trees and in thickets in marsh or riparian forest.
red withy n. †(a) = red sallow n. (b) (obsolete); (b) English regional amphibious bistort, Persicaria amphibia (rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > osier or basket willow
osierc1175
withenc1230
osier tree1500
red withy?1523
spert1578
gelster1670
osier willow1693
red saugh1776
red sallow1798
red osier1807
sedge-willow1908
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxixv To make a hedge..reed wethy is beste in marsshe grounde.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. lxvii. 744 That whiche hath the reddish barke, is called..in English, Red Withy, and the better sort therof is called Red sperte.
1612 R. Ch. Olde Thrift newly Revived 49 The Withie, of which are said to be 4 kinds, that is, the , and red Withie, osier Withie.
1691 J. Aubrey Let. 5 Aug. in Corr. J. Ray (1848) 238 I do think there is a greater variety of Withys than you mention; a bencher of the Middle Temple is very curious in them, but he prefers the red withy.
1725 R. Bradley Surv. Anc. Husb. 298 There are two principal Sorts of Withies, which are the hoary and the red Withy.
1963 J. P. Savidge et al. Travis's Flora S. Lancs. 239 P[olygonum] amphibium L. Amphibious Bistort, ‘Red Withy’.
(e) In the names of red varieties of minerals, rocks, etc., or in the names of minerals, rocks, etc., having a red colour.
(i)
red blende n.
ΚΠ
1788 J. H. de Magellan et al. Cronstedt's Ess. Syst. Mineral. (new ed.) II. 781 There is a red blende, which becomes phosphorescent when rubbed. This is found at Scharfenberg in Misnia.
1824 F. W. L. Stockdale Excursions Cornwall 40 Among the most remarkable specimens in this collection, are..crystallized antimony, with red blende on quartz.
1962 A. V. Carozzi tr. A. G. Werner External Char. Minerals iv. 92 Yellow, brown and red blende are all translucent at the edges.
red carnelian n.
ΚΠ
1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. ii. 162 The most remarkable variety I have seen of the Flint-Kind..has several smaller Flints or Pebles of the Colour of the Red Carnelian or Sardius..immersed in the Body of it.
1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) I. 620 The colour of red carnelian of Cambay varies from the palest flesh-colour to the deepest blood-red.
1994 Minnesota Monthly May 92/1 (advt.) Colored beads for summer,..using semi-precious stones, such as black onyx, blue lapis,..red carnelian.
red cornelian n.
ΚΠ
1646 R. Boothby & F. Lloyd Breife Discov. Madagascar iii. 7 (heading) No Gold Silver nor any rich commodity of so high esteeme in Madagascar as red Cornelian Beads.
1754 L. Natter Treat. Anc. Method engraving Precious Stones xxiii. 37 This we treat of is exceeding well engraved, and in good Taste, on a red Cornelian, with a convex surface.
1812 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 372 The red was far deeper than that of any natural red Cornelian,..which have all a dilution of the red by yellow.
1937 Parnassus 9 13/2 All precious stones, in fact, but particularly the red cornelian, are of Indian origin.
2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 June (Weekend section) 4 Yard-long necklaces come in a kaleidoscope of colours, including red cornelian, turquoise and amethyst.
red feldspar n.
ΚΠ
1799 R. Townson Tracts & Observ. Nat. Hist. & Physiol. 209 Horizontal veins..of a whin, which, by the admixture of red feldspar, has a reddish appearance.
1894 Amer. Naturalist 28 163 A red feldspar with a little mica and no quartz, like the outcrop at Ute Pass, Colorado.
1940 F. F. Grout Kemp's Handbk. Rocks (ed. 6) xiv. 276 The red feldspar is the potash variety (orthoclase or microcline), which forms the largest crystals in the rock.
2006 P. Sell & G. Murrell Flora Great Brit. & Ireland IV. 287/2 Noble Hawkweed... A local and very scarce species found..on granite, quartz-porphyry (red feldspar) and possibly Moine Schist from 670 to 1,000 m.
red jasper n.
ΚΠ
?1548 J. Bale Image Bothe Churches (new ed.) i. sig. Gviii He hym self is as ye reede Iasper bewtyfull and oryent.
1718 J. Wright tr. W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (new ed.) III. 284/2 An Altar Stone of red Jasper, adorn'd about with Copper gilt.
1843 J. E. Portlock Rep. Geol. Londonderry 525 The rocks are traversed by strings and nodules of red jasper.
1991 N.Y. Mag. 16 Dec. 56/2 At Sotheby's, an Akkadian red jasper cylinder seal..has carvings of the sun and of the Akkadian water god.
red marble n.
ΚΠ
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 12 For so may a water be made, to breake also the red marble.
1650 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata ix. §87 Alabaster, the whitest marble, and the red marble are cut out of the quarrie.
1761 T. Jefferys Descr. Maritime Parts France 412/1 The jetty..is built of red marble with white veins, from a quarry in the mountain of Cette.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 801 The red marble of Verona is of a red rather inclining to yellow or hyacinth.
1974 D. Yarwood Archit. Europe iv. 148/1 It is faced with stone on the outside and red marble inside.
red porphyry n.
ΚΠ
1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 36v It is of fine redde porphirie, plaine and square lyke a cheste.
1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 112 Some jaspers are not much unlike red porphyry.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xvii. 394 I at first thought it was owing to dust blown from the surrounding mountains of red porphyry.
1975 S. J. Perelman Vinegar Puss 41 Far from being supported by Ionic pillars of red porphyry, the pedestals were of blue-veined white marble with dies of broccatello panels.
red sulphur n.
ΚΠ
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke xiii. sig. I2 His red Sulphur also doth plainly appeare, which hath his property, that it wil take fier and burne like common Sulphur or Brimstone.
1707 W. Salmon Medicina Practica xxxvi. 330 Sol is engendred of most pure fine Mercury, and a pure red Sulphur, by the Influence of the Sun.
1857 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 27 107 The travellers also speak of mines of gold, silver, copper, and red sulphur, 5 days north of Muang Lem.
2000 R. Chenciner Madder Red 290 The red sulphur of Islamic esotericism denotes Universal Man, the product of the action of hermetic red.
(ii)
red antimony n. (also red antimony ore) now rare = kermesite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > other oxides > antimony oxides
red antimony1576
exitelite1843
kermesite1843
senarmontite1851
valentinite1860
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f. 183v I haue (sayth he) throughly reuolued & called vnto iudgement the essence of the red Antimonie prepared.
1702 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis (ed. 6) 324/1 Take of red antimony fixed, and Extract a red Tincture by digesting it with Spirit of Vinegar.
1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) III. 483 Red Antimony-Ore. This species is divided into two subspecies, viz. Common Red Antimony-ore, and Tinder-ore.
1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xliii. 420 Other ores are kermes mineral,..also known as red antimony, and senarmonite,..sometimes called white antimony.
red arsenic n. see arsenic n. 1b.
red bole n. a bole (bole n.2 1a) coloured red by the presence of iron oxide.
ΚΠ
1663 G. Harvey Archelogia Philosophica Nova II. ii. xii. 339 The fountain of the Holy Cross appears red through the admixture of red bole.
1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 12 Heavy, friable, red Bole, call'd Seal'd Earth of Livonia.
1843 J. E. Portlock Rep. Geol. Londonderry 152 A soft clayey amygdaloid, decomposing into a rich and deep red bole.
1999 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Conservation 38 148 Red Siena paint was used to imitate the effect of red bole beneath worn gilding.
red chalk n. (a) red ochre, ruddle; (b) Geology (also Red Chalk) chalk of a red colour, occurring esp. in eastern England; a bed of such chalk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter
red stoneeOE
red eartheOE
redding1292
raddlea1350
ruddle1353
rubric?1440
red ochre1481
sinoper1501
red1538
red chalk1538
sinople1548
terra sigillata1563
almagre1598
majolica1598
minium1613
orell1614
reddle1648
India red1668
Indian red1672
riddle1681
smit1728
Persian earth1735
red marl1748
abraum1753
Terra Sienna1760
tivera1825
kokowai1836
sinopia1844
sinopis1857
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Rubrica, red chalke, or ruddle wherwith shepe are marked.
1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 62 Indurated Clayey Ochre, called Red Chalk.
1820 Ann. Philos. 15 211 The fact of its containing pebbles..of red chalk, such as occurs in no part of the chalk of the south-east of England, but is common in the lower strata of this formation, in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.
1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 382 Under this species [sc. specular iron] must also be included..reddle or red chalk, the common drawing material.
1946 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery xviii. 204 In the northern basin the Lower Greensand is represented by the Speeton Clays, with ‘carstone’, succeeded by marls and the famous Red Chalk of Hunstanton and Lincolnshire.
2004 Tool & Machinery Catal. 2005 (Axminster Power Tool Centre Ltd.) xi. 13/2 An aluminium-cased chalk line supplied with 100 feet of cotton line and a 4oz bottle of red chalk.
red cobalt n. (also †red cobalt-ochre, †red cobalt ore) = erythrite n. 1a.
ΚΠ
1745 R. Mead Mech. Acct. Poisons (ed. 3) iv. 218 A particular kind of a red cobalt called kupfer nickel.
1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 278 [Cobalt] mineralized by the arsenical acid. Red Cobalt ore.
1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) III. 510 Red Cobalt-Ochre. This species contains three subspecies, viz. Earthy,..Radiated,..and Slaggy Red Cobalt-ochre.
1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) I. 416 Erythrine... Cobalt Bloom. Prismatic Red Cobalt.
1912 A. H. Phillips Mineralogy ii. xi. 517 Erythrite.—Red Cobalt; Cobalt Bloom; Hydrous arsenate of cobalt.
red copper n. (a) copper of a distinctive red colour, esp. pure copper as opposed to impure or alloyed forms; (b) (now rare) = red copper ore n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > copper ore > types of
red copper1507
misy1543
grey copper1590
yellow ore1630
grey orea1728
pitch ore1776
red copper ore1776
fahlerz1796
tile-ore1823
cuprite1850
lettsomite1850
velvet copper-ore1850
yellows1851
meneghinite1852
peacock copper1858
peacock ore1858
horseflesh ore1868
plush-copper1881
1507 Bk. Rates 15 July in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 696 Coper called rede coper whether ytt be rownd or square the c xvi s. viii d.
1580 J. Florio tr. J. Cartier Shorte Narr. Two Nauigations Newe Fraunce i. 32 Our men tolde vs that there was the beginning of Saguenay, and that it was land inhabited, and that thence commeth the redde Copper, of them named Caignetdaze.
1671 J. Webster Metallographia 243 Native red Copper free from other Metals, that was found in the Country of Mansfield in its proper Veins.
1770 tr. J.-B. Chappe d'Auteroche Journey into Siberia 218 The red copper is so very analogous to the red silver in this mine, that it is only to be distinguished from this metal by fusion.
1806 Monthly Rev. 50 520 The bronze of the antients..never consisted of pure or red copper, but always admitted an alloy of tin into its composition.
1829 A. Ure New Syst. Geol. i. v. 127 Crystals of red copper were observed on an old copper statue found in the Soane, in the year 1766.
1918 Man 18 11 Certain lodes in the cliff yielded red copper (Lizard), others yielded tough copper or bronze (St. Just, St. Ives, Mount's Bay), and still others white copper or tin.
2006 Harper's Mag. (Nexis) Dec. 57 Bobby turns out to be a one-man commodities board of the latest scrap prices. ‘Red copper, 150 pesos a kilo at junk shop.’
red copper ore n. = cuprite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > cuprite
red copper ore1776
cuprite1850
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > copper ore > types of
red copper1507
misy1543
grey copper1590
yellow ore1630
grey orea1728
pitch ore1776
red copper ore1776
fahlerz1796
tile-ore1823
cuprite1850
lettsomite1850
velvet copper-ore1850
yellows1851
meneghinite1852
peacock copper1858
peacock ore1858
horseflesh ore1868
plush-copper1881
1776 J. Seiferth tr. C. E. Gellert Metallurgic Chym. 42 Copper-Ore, is seldom observed to have any regular form, tho' it is not always quite irregular, as may be seen in the green striated ore, and likewise in a sort of vitreous red copper-ore [Ger. einer Art von rothem Kupferglase].
1836 T. Thomson Outl. Mineral. I. 598 This mineral [sc. black oxide of copper] is found in most of the Cornish mines where copper pyrites or red copper ore occurs.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliii. 839 Cuprous oxide, Cu2O, occurs as cuprite, or red copper ore.
2007 H. Lipowsky & E. Arpaci Copper in Automotive Industry i. 1 Important ores in mining include..the oxide minerals: malachite, blue malachite (azurite) and red copper ore (cuprite).
Red Crag n. [ < red adj. + crag n.1 (see crag n.1 3)] Geology a deposit of red, shelly sand forming part of the Lower Pleistocene series in East Anglia.
ΚΠ
1835 E. Charlesworth in London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 7 83 The term Red Crag may be applied to those beds which constitute the upper and most extensive part of the formation.
1912 H. B. Woodward Geol. Soils & Substrata xix. 243 The Red Crag yields a light, sandy, and calcareous loamy soil.
1990 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 328 309 Sediments of typical Red Crag lithology (red–orange ferruginous, coarse–medium shelly sand) survive as occasional small remnants.
red earth n. earth or soil that is red in colour; spec. (a) red ochre, ruddle (now rare); (b) a red soil occurring in tropical and subtropical regions, typically clayey and highly leached, and coloured by iron; cf. red loam n., laterite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > red or leached soil
red eartheOE
red landc1250
minium1613
Armenian bole1621
red loam1707
red soil1817
terra rossa1882
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter
red stoneeOE
red eartheOE
redding1292
raddlea1350
ruddle1353
rubric?1440
red ochre1481
sinoper1501
red1538
red chalk1538
sinople1548
terra sigillata1563
almagre1598
majolica1598
minium1613
orell1614
reddle1648
India red1668
Indian red1672
riddle1681
smit1728
Persian earth1735
red marl1748
abraum1753
Terra Sienna1760
tivera1825
kokowai1836
sinopia1844
sinopis1857
eOEReadan eorþan [see sense A. 1d].
lOE Aldhelm Glosses (Auct. F.2.14) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 187/1 Glarea : read eorðe.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvi. lxxxviii. sig. M ii Sardius is a precious stone of red colour as it were red erth.
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 298 Tiles made of red earth..must be..set on fire with unsmoking coles.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 545 Take ruddle or red-earth tempered wel with the lees or grounds of oile.
1677 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 12 913 In Ramulconeta Mines in red Earth, about 15 or 16 foot deep, they seldom find a Diamond of a mangelleen weight.
1706 London Gaz. No. 4202/3 Red-Earth, lower'd to 4s. per C.
1765 J. Bartram Diary 22 Sept. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1942) 33 28/2 Ye first..strata is A great depth of A very tenatious ash[-]colored cream or red earth.
1861 Eclectic Mag. Feb. 280/1 They helped him into a boat, and put red earth, moistened with water, round his neck and nostrils.
1889 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 52. 25 The red earth of the southern portion of the Great Appalachian Valley is apparently identical..with the ‘terra rossa’ of southern Europe, the ‘laterite’ of India, and the ‘red earth’ of Bermuda.
1958 C. Achebe Things fall Apart xxv. 184 The only opening into this bush from the compound was a little round hole in the red-earth wall through which fowls went in and out.
1996 N. Maraire Zenzele ix. 164 It was from the red earth of the veld that the richness and beauty of Zimbabwe grew.
1998 D. Pool What Jane Austen ate & Charles Dickens Knew (new ed.) 137 The ‘raddle’ (red earth) purveyed by raddlemen like Diggory Venn of The Return of the Native.
red haematite n. = haematite n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > haematite
bloodstone1504
haematite1543
red iron1733
red iron ore1756
red haematite1789
red ironstone1792
1789 W. Coxe Trav. Switzerland II. 298 A fine grey marble, which is the matrix of a red hematite filled with innumerable small chrystals of iron of an octagon figure.
1868 F. H. Joynson Metals in Constr. i. 2 ‘Red hematite’, a ‘peroxide of iron’, a valuable iron, containing as much as 69½ per cent. of ore.
1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) liii. 542 Detached particles of red haematite have the appearance of coagulated blood.
2003 Guardian 25 Oct. (Weekend Suppl.) 81/4 I have pigments from abstruse and romantic sources:..red haematite from the Winford mine in the Mendips.
red iron n. now rare ferric oxide; = haematite n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > haematite
bloodstone1504
haematite1543
red iron1733
red iron ore1756
red haematite1789
red ironstone1792
1733 G. Turner tr. J. P. Seip Acct. Min. Waters Pyrmont iii. 44 The filings of red Iron are often prescribed and taken to very good purpose.
1859 Geologist 2 390 More rarely..there are found Chlorite, Baryte, Fluor-spar, Fahlerz, Rothgiltigerz, &c.: red-iron is found as a so-called ‘eiserner Hut’ or ‘gozzan’ to the foregoing.
2003 Oxoniensia 67 249 A sandy fabric with abundant, ill-sorted, angular and sub-angular quartz, fine red iron and sparse white calcareous inclusions.
red iron froth n. now rare a form of haematite occurring as red scales.
ΚΠ
1805 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals 80 Scaly particles..occur in brown and red iron froth.
1851 Encycl. Americana VII. 65/2 Scaly red iron ore, or red iron froth, consisting of very small, scaly, lamellar particles.
1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 161/1 Earthy, ochreous varieties [of haematite] are brighter red in colour, and are often mixed with clay; these are known as reddle, ruddle and red iron-froth.
red iron ore n. = haematite n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > haematite
bloodstone1504
haematite1543
red iron1733
red iron ore1756
red haematite1789
red ironstone1792
1756 D. W. Linden Treat. Three Medicinal Min. Waters Llandrindod i. 17 The bituminous Iron Mucilage here spoken of, is that tinging, shining Matter which is intimately combined or united with the red Iron Ore.
1836 T. Thomson Outl. Mineral. I. 435 Compact red iron ore occurs massive or in pseudomorphous cubic crystals.
1969 Afr. Arts 2 46/1 The pigments from which the colors were derived were obtained from natural deposits of red iron ore (haematite).
2000 Duluth (Minnesota) News-Tribune (Nexis) 21 May 1 f [A boy] stood on the edge of the Hawkins Mine just west of Nashwauk. Locomotives pulling carloads of red iron ore chugged several hundred feet below.
red ironstone n. = haematite n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > haematite
bloodstone1504
haematite1543
red iron1733
red iron ore1756
red haematite1789
red ironstone1792
1792 J. Hailstone Plan Lect. Min. 76 Red Iron Stone. Haematites.
1869 J. M. Safford Geol. Tennessee 456 The great ore of this region is the stratified red ironstone.
1909 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 29 242 The cape..is of the red ironstone formation with which we become familiar in this part of the island.
2004 Week 25 Sept. 38/2 You can't get around the..island in a hurry, because many of the roads are red ironstone.
† red iron vitriol n. [after German rother Eisenvitriol (J. J. Berzelius 1815, in Afhandlingar i fisik, kemi och mineralogi 4 307)] Obsolete = botryogen n.
ΚΠ
1828 Edinb. Jrnl. Sci. 9 48 (title) On botryogene, the native red iron-vitriol of Fahlun.
1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 180 Botryogen..Native Red Iron Vitriol of Fahlun.
red loam n. a loam that is red in colour; spec. = red earth n. (b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > red or leached soil
red eartheOE
red landc1250
minium1613
Armenian bole1621
red loam1707
red soil1817
terra rossa1882
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 31 In some parts of Dorset,..the Earth being a light Red loam.
1771 J. Banks Endeavour Jrnl. 41 The soil of the island, on the more elevated parts, is dry, and consists of a red loam, which is very deep.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 203/1 These freshets, laden with the rich red loam of the plains, usually reach the lower inhabited sections of the State [of Texas] in periods of drought.
1932 H. Greene tr. P. Vageler Introd. Trop. Soils v. 163 The younger the soil, the greater the predominance of unchanged siallitic material, and the soil has then the character of a more or less plastic red loam.
1991 S. Gopal in A. G. Noorani Muslims of India (2003) vi. 240 A group of 50–60 persons had entered Babari Mosque..and painted Sita Ram, etc., on the outer and inner walls with geru (red loam).
red manganese n. (also red manganese ore) [originally after Swedish röd magnesia (1758 in the passage translated in quot. 1770)] now rare = rhodochrosite n.
ΚΠ
1770 G. von Engeström & E. M. da Costa tr. A. F. Cronstedt Ess. Syst. Mineral. i. 124 Red manganese is said to be found in Piedmont.
1810 J. Murray Elements Chem. II. vii. iii. 259 Oxide of manganese,..combined with carbonic acid, has been considered as the basis of what is named Red Manganese Ore.
1870 H. Medlock tr. F. Schoedler Bk. Nature (Amer. ed.) 344 Sulphide of Manganese,..Silicate of Manganese, Carbonate of Manganese, or Red Manganese, and many other minerals of this family, have not received any application in the arts.
1951 S. M. Schwarz Labor in Soviet Union iv. 181 The red manganese mines of Krivoi-Rog.
red marl n. (a) any marl of a red colour; (Geology) a layer of such marl forming part of the Old or New Red Sandstone formations; †(b) red ochre, ruddle (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Triassic > specific
red marl1625
Muschelkalk1824
poecilite1832
keuper1844
bunter1874
Karoo beds1876
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter
red stoneeOE
red eartheOE
redding1292
raddlea1350
ruddle1353
rubric?1440
red ochre1481
sinoper1501
red1538
red chalk1538
sinople1548
terra sigillata1563
almagre1598
majolica1598
minium1613
orell1614
reddle1648
India red1668
Indian red1672
riddle1681
smit1728
Persian earth1735
red marl1748
abraum1753
Terra Sienna1760
tivera1825
kokowai1836
sinopia1844
sinopis1857
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. x. 32 The light red Marle intermingled with some stony gritte full of Sand, fertilizeth both Tillage and Forrage for fifty yeeres.]
1625 G. Markham Inrichm. Weald of Kent 8 There is a Grey, a Blue, a Yellow, and a Red Marle, all which be profitable, if they be earthy and fat, or slippery as Sope.
1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 47 Soft, heavy, red Marle, call'd Common Reddle.
1818 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (ed. 3) 71 Red Marle..is by some also termed the New Red Sandstone.
1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 62 On the south-east of Tamworth, the clearing away of the red marls reveals a coalfield.
1949 A. E. Trueman Geol. & Scenery Eng. & Wales v. 78 Salt does not occur in quantity in the red marls of other areas.
1993 Caves & Caving Winter 10/2 The bulk of the cave is in Triassic red marl.
red minium n. see minium n. 2.
red mud n. (a) Geology a mud of terrestrial origin, found on continental shelves and in other shallow waters, and coloured red by iron oxides; (b) a residue from the extraction of alumina from bauxite, coloured red by iron impurities.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > sediment or alluvium > [noun] > other marine
red mud1690
blue mud1773
ooze1876
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > slag or scoria > of specific metals
lead-ashes1515
quittor1671
bottom1852
buckshot-cinder1881
lead-ash1882
red mud1936
1690 R. Boyle Medicina hydrostatica 201 One of the best sorts of Swedish Iron..is divers times found, in the Form of a red Mud, at the bottom of Lakes, or far lesser Stagnant Waters.
1773 R. Bishop East India Navigator's Daily Assistant 105 The Monopin-hill bore NW in twelve fathom, red mud.
1845 Littell's Living Age 30 Aug. 401 The tide rises and falls 60 or 70 feet, leaving extensive surfaces of red mud.
1926 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 34 140 The red muds which Murray found in such quantities in the Atlantic Ocean off the mouth of the Amazon River.
1936 Metals Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Metals) 902 The Bayer process... The bauxite is digested with caustic soda solution under pressure and the alumina dissolved out as a solution of sodium aluminate. The residue, known as red mud, contains the oxides of iron, silicon, and titanium [etc.].
1995 Sci. of Total Environment 175 199/1 Bauxitic red mud from an alumina processing plant is discharged through a pipe-line..into Antikyra Bay.
2005 P. E. Potter et al. Mud & Mudstones iv. 70/2 Regardless of their origin, red muds and mudstones appear to require at least 2% total Fe and 1.5% hematite.
† red mundic n. Obsolete rare = realgar n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > realgar
realgara1400
resalgarc1405
arsenic?a1425
rosakerc1430
sandarac?1550
risagallum1565
resegall1610
zarnich1612
ruby of ——1678
red mundic1748
ruby sulphur1753
1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 406 I have lately received a very fine specimen of it [sc. red orpiment] from the tin mines of Cornwall, under the name of red Mundick, everything that is bright and sparkling being called there by that name.
red orpiment n. see orpiment n. 2.
red phosphorus n. a dark red, amorphous allotrope of phosphorus having a higher melting point and lower reactivity and toxicity than white phosphorus; cf. white phosphorus n. (b) at white adj. and n. Compounds 1g(c)(ii).
ΚΠ
1831 A. Ure Dict. Chem. (ed. 4) 681/1 When exposed to the direct light of the sun, this phosphuretted gas is decomposed; a portion of the phosphorus separates from it under the form of red phosphorus, and is deposited on the inside of the glass.
1926 A. W. Schorger Chem. Cellulose & Wood iii. 95 Willstätter reduced the lignin from pine and beech with hydriodic acid..and red phosphorus under pressure at 250°.
2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten xvii. 224 By heating white phosphorus, I could transform it into its allotrope, red phosphorus, the phosphorus of matchboxes.
red prussiate n. Chemistry (now archaic) = ferricyanide n. at ferri- comb. form 2b; spec. potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6, a red, crystalline compound used as an oxidizing agent and in making various blue pigments.
ΚΠ
1813 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 103 258 Prussiate of soda-and-iron threw down a small quantity of red prussiate of copper from it.
1842 E. A. Parnell Elements Chem. Anal. (1845) 68 The red prussiate of potash is as delicate and characteristic a test for protoxide of iron, as the yellow prussiate of potash is for the peroxide.
1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. iii. 685 The red prussiate burns with scintillation when introduced into the flame of a candle.
1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) liii. 554 Potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6, red prussiate of potash.
1999 Appl. Surface Sci. 146 52/2 An etching solution consisting of caustic soda..and red prussiate of soda.
red rock n. (a) any of various kinds of reddish sedimentary rock; a layer or formation consisting of such rock; spec. = red beds n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i); (b) Geology (now rare) a bright reddish granophyre typically associated with formations of gabbro.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > porphyrite rock > varieties of
red rock1721
oriental verd-antique1852
kersanton1862
kersantite1868
uralite-porphyry1868
monchiquite1891
vogesite1891
camptonite1895
hedrumite1896
wyomingite1897
spessartite1908
rhyodacite1913
rhyolite1932
1721 R. Bradley Gen. Treat. Husbandry & Gardening I. 31 The superficial Stratum of Earth is seldom more than nine inches, before we meet with a red Rock.
1794 J. Holt Gen. View Agric. Lancaster 11 The substratum of this soil is generally the red rock, or clay-marl.
1823 tr. A. von Humboldt Geognostical Ess. Superposition Rocks 345 The red marl (red ground, red rock, red ford)..is in England the real position of rock-salt.
1880 J. F. Carll Geol. Oil Regions vi. 72 We have two important facts to work upon—the top of the conglomerate and the presence of red rock beneath it and not far below its base.
1893 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 109. 23 The red rock..is found in three distinct though indefinitely outlined areas... It occupies a position between the gabbro and the fragmental rocks.
1904 Dial. Notes 2 387 Red rock, the drillers' name for the red shale underlying the Panama Conglomerate.
1918 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 26 632 The ‘red rock’ has become widely known under this name because of its brilliant color and the difficulty of giving it a more accurate classification... The rock here discussed is intrusive and granitoid.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles xi. 268 Red rocks of Permian and Triassic age outcrop in south-west England.
1990 Chem. Geol. 86 29/2 Many of the core rocks are ‘red-rock’ granophyres, featuring feldspars rich in minute hematitic inclusions which give the rocks a brick-red coloration.
red schorl n. [after French schorl rouge ( J. B. L. de Romé de l'Isle Cristallographie (ed. 2, 1783) II. 422)] now historical = rutile n.; (occasionally also) = red tourmaline n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > rutile and uranite groups A02 > rutile
red schorl1794
titanite1796
nigrine1805
rutile1805
rutilite1805
ilmenorutile1861
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 271 Red Shorls, longitudinally streaked, have been lately found in Hungary... Rubellites are also so called.
1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. xxiii. 329 The Metallic nature of this substance [sc. titanite], which many have called a Red Shorl,..has been lately discovered by the indefatigable Klaproth.
1807 A. Aikin & C. R. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Mineral. II. 435/1 Titanite..Red Schorl, of the older mineralogists.
1853 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1077/1 Rubellite, red schorl or tourmaline.
1858 R. P. Greg & W. G. Lettsom Man. Mineral. 235 The corundum mentioned..as occurring at Auchindoir in Aberdeenshire, is red schorl.
1974 Educ. in Chem. 11 115/3 In 1795 Klaproth studied a mineral, named red schorl, found in Hungary and which is rutile.
red silver n. †(a) Scottish (perhaps) silver alloyed with a large amount of copper (obsolete); (b) (now historical) = red silver ore n.
ΚΠ
1586 Edinb. Test. XV. f. 57, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rid Of redd syluer in auld stampit threttie s. pecis xij scoir.
1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxv. 309 Of pure Minium, or native Cinnober he had two sorts; one rubicund, like the crude Ore of red silver.
1742 tr. E. Odhelstierna in Acta Germanica I. 98 At Plana in Bohemia there was transmitted to us a pure pellucid ore like a carbuncle, and taken for rude red silver.
1807 A. Aikin & C. R. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Mineral. I. 93/2 The substances by which it [sc. realgar] is usually accompanied are native arsenic, red silver, and galena.
1836 T. Thomson Outl. Mineral. I. 650 Dark and light red silver were considered by Werner as two subspecies.
1936 Obituary Notices Fellows Royal Soc. 2 152 In mineralogy his first work in 1887 was with H. A. Miers..on the isomorphism of the red-silver minerals.
red silver ore n. now historical either of two silver-containing minerals (originally not distinguished as separate species): (a) (more fully light red silver ore) = proustite n.; (b) (more fully dark red silver ore) = pyrargyrite n.; cf. silver ore n.
ΚΠ
1671 J. Webster Metallographia xiv. 217 Silver Ore that is black,..sometimes also it containeth little sparks of red silver Ore.
1777 R. E. Raspe tr. I. von Born Trav. Bannat of Temeswar xxii. 219 Dr. Moller..has in his cabinet dark red silver ore in globular forms.
1798 G. Mitchell tr. D. L. G. Karsten Descr. Minerals in Leskean Mus. 235 Light red Silver Ore crystallized in similar Prisms, prismatically connected together, in white Cobalt Ore.
1834 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 4 61 By what process nature invests silver glance and red silver ores with native silver in the mines.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 52 Our ores are chiefly antimonial sulphides, miargyrite, dark red silver ore, and light red silver ore.
1981 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 67 105 The ‘dry’ silver ores such as..pyrargyrite (Ag3SbS3; dark-red silver ore), proustite (Ag3AsS3; light-red silver ore).
red soil n. any of various leached soils of the tropics and subtropics, coloured red by iron compounds; cf. sense A. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > red or leached soil
red eartheOE
red landc1250
minium1613
Armenian bole1621
red loam1707
red soil1817
terra rossa1882
1817 W. Maclure Observ. Geol. U.S.A. iv. 108 Westward of the red soil, the soil is thin as long as the Blue Ridge is the boundary.
1932 G. W. Robinson Soils xvi. 323 The red soils which occupy most of southern India outside the black cotton area..are probably similar to the red loams and red earths of East Africa.
1988 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 12 June 25/2 All around is flat red-soil plain as far as the eye can see, not even a bit of turkey bush to break the monotony.
1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 9 Dec. 35/3 (advt.) Land, Plots for Sale... Banana ½ acre plot red soil near tarmac 1.5m.
red tourmaline n. = rubellite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > cyclosilicates > [noun] > tourmaline > others
red tourmaline1768
rubellite1794
siberite1802
indicolite1808
zeuxite1836
achroite1850
1768 J. R. Forster Introd. Mineral. 12 The yellow tourmalin... The greenish tourmalin... The blue tourmalin... The red tourmalin; these four last Tourmalins are transparent and come from Brasil.
1861 C. W. King Antique Gems (1866) 25 The Red Tourmaline or Rubellite which is as electric as amber itself.
2004 C. Clark Handy Pocket Guide Asian Gemstones 30 Members of the Mandarin class distinguished themselves by wearing large, round buttons of red tourmaline.
red vitriol n. now historical (a) Chemistry a red oxide of iron; ferric oxide (b) Mineralogy = bieberite n.; cobalt( ii) sulphate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] > other simple sulphates
red vitriolc1475
goslarite1849
bieberite1854
felsobanyite1856
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 99 (MED) Summe maner medicyns..ben driynge & clensynge..of þe whiche..Symple ben: limature of iren, flour of bras brent, vitriol leed brent [v.r. vytreol rede y-brent; L. vitreolum rubeum adustum], & alle sharpe corosiuis if þat þei ben brent.]
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 118 (MED) Reed vitriole brent and alle scharpe corrosiuis if þat þei ben brent, þei han þe more vertu to corroden.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Marcassin iaulne, Red vitrioll.
1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 24 Red vitrioll, or the fome of Copperasse.
1727 P. Shaw tr. Dispensatory Royal Coll. Physicians Edinb. 43 The true Chalcitis, sometimes also call'd by the name of Colcothar, is a species of naturally red vitriol, in the form of a reddish stone.
1814 A. Aikin Man. Mineral. 153 Red Vitriol. Sulphate of Cobalt.
1859 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation (ed. 2) 601/1 The next step is to draw out exactly the subject to be painted with red vitriol, mixed with oil of spike, marking all parts of the design very lightly with a pencil.
1872 H. Watts Dict. Chem. (ed. 2) I. 651 Botryogen. Red vitriol.—A native ferroso-ferric sulphate from Fahlux in Sweden.
1993 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 52 88/2 The Assyrians perhaps did know of sulfuric acid,..since they had green vitriol..and red vitriol (Fe2O3).
red zinc ore n. (also red zinc) a red ore of zinc; spec. = zincite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > zinc ore
calaminaris1577
calamine1601
calmy1658
calaminarya1661
mock ore1681
blende1683
lapis calaminaris1696
mock-leada1728
black jack1728
cadmia1753
cadmy1756
calamy1756
calmey1756
calamine stone1761
red zinc ore1781
zinc spar1796
zinc-blende1842
smithsonite1849
zincite1854
adamite1866
adamine1869
1781 R. Pulteney Gen. View Writings Linnæus 153/2 Rapax; Red Zinc, or micaceous, liver-coloured Zinc.
1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) III. 418 The red zinc-ore will prove a source from which this metal may be procured in abundance.
1836 T. Thomson Outl. Mineral. I. 541 Red Zinc. Manganesian oxide of zinc. This mineral has hitherto been found only in Sussex county, New Jersey.
1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxxi. 249 Red zinc ore, ZnO,..is very rare.
2000 Business Wire (Nexis) 4 May The red zinc is brightly colored red and yellow and consists of iron oxide minerals, smithsonite (zinc carbonate) and hemimorphite (zinc silicate) in limestone and dolomite.
f.
(a) Combined with other colours.
(i) Forming distinguishing adjectives (sometimes used as nouns) in the names of animals, esp. parrots.
ΚΠ
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 114 The red and white Parrot of Aldrovandus.
1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 86 The large American red and black Ant.
1760 G. Edwards Gleanings Nat. Hist. II. 109 The Red and Black Manakin. Pipra aureola.
1781 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds I. i. 201 Red and yellow Maccaw.
1812 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 498 Red and green Amazon [parrot].
1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VII. 463 Red and White Cuckow.
1958 E. T. Gilliard Living Birds of World 203/1 Among the largest and most spectacular are the Hyacinth Macaw..and the slightly larger Red-and-Green Macaw.
1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock iii. 55 Now many Dairy Shorthorns are officially designated Blended Red and White Shorthorns.
2004 Bark Winter 90/2 He was without a doubt an Irish Red and White Setter.
(ii)
red and blue macaw n. now rare the scarlet macaw, Ara macao.
ΚΠ
1751 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds IV. Pl. 158 The Red and Blue Maccaw.
1811 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VIII. ii. 386 Scarlet Maccaw... Red and blue Maccaw.
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II 528 The Red-and-blue Macaw, A. macao, which is even larger and more gorgeously clothed.
1936 Jrnl. Parasitol. 22 341 Ara macao—red and blue macaw.
Red and White n. = Red and White Friesian n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > Friesian or Holstein
Holstein1865
East Friesian1866
Friesian1923
Red and White Friesian1924
Red and White1951
1951 Farmer & Stock-breeder 28–29 Aug. 52/3 Mr. Taylor has 20 Red and Whites in milk and intends to double his herd.
1962 Guardian 23 Oct. 2/5 One of the Red and Whites has given 8·62 gallons in three milkings at the show.
2006 Farmers Weekly (Nexis) 28 Apr. 12 We have many cattle in the herd worth at least £4000 on the open market, including some outstanding red-and-whites.
Red and White Friesian n. a breed of cattle resembling the Friesian but having red instead of black markings, now usually regarded as a variety; an animal of this breed or variety.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > Friesian or Holstein
Holstein1865
East Friesian1866
Friesian1923
Red and White Friesian1924
Red and White1951
1924 H. F. Judkins Princ. Dairying 4 Red and White Friesian.
1951 Animal Breeding Abstr. 19 544/1 A new society has been formed to register the offspring of red and white Friesian cattle in the 6 or 7 existing herds.
1991 V. Porter Cattle 89 Other imported breeds, including Danish Red, Red-and-White Friesian, etc., add up to about 28,000 cows.
(b) Designating the name of a part or some distinctive feature used to denote the whole.
(i) Of a person. Cf. redcoat n., red hat n., redshirt n.
redbeard n. [attested earlier as a surname: Johannes Redberd (1428)] a person with a red beard; (perhaps) spec. †a constable, a watchman (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > constable
sub-constable1512
beagle1559
harman-beck1567
John?1576
clarigold1597
officer1597
constable1600
redbeard1607
Robin Hoga1682
Moabite1699
night-magistrate1699
the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > beard > types of > person having
greybeard1207
whitebeard1450
redbeard1607
whey-beard1614
longbeard1665
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe iii. sig. D4 White haires may fall into the company of drabs aswell as red beardes into the society of knaues.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise i. 194 Thou laughest—hast thou never heard Of this same valorous Red Beard, And how he died?
1917 C. Morley Parnassus on Wheels (1919) viii. 107 ‘Darn the Redbeard,’ I said to myself, ‘I think he has bewitched these people!’
1993 R. Mellinkoff Outcasts ii. vii. 148 Redheads and redbeards have been called liars, cheats, traitors, murderers, devils, witches, churls.
† red-clout n. Scottish Obsolete = redcoat n. 1a.
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society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier wearing specific dress > [noun]
brigander1525
whitecoata1538
blue cap1598
green-coat1600
redcoatc1605
blue bonnet1637
greycoat1642
blackguard1745
red-jacket1828
busby-bag1868
red-clout1895
scarlet1896
khaki1899
1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags xxv. 192 James Gray of Chryston and Michael Cameron..had both promised to ding the stoor that day out of his Majesty's red-clouts.
† red-cowl n. Obsolete = redcap n. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin > specific types of
gay horse1483
roblet-led1647
redcap?1790
erl-king1797
red-cowl1816
bottle imp1823
gremlin1929
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. ix. 197 If you had challenged the existence of Redcowl in the castle of Glenstirym, old Sir Peter..would have sticked you like a paddock.
1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch vii. 61 Redcowl, redcowl, come if ye daur.
red-jacket n. a person who wears a red jacket; esp. a soldier; = redcoat n. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier wearing specific dress > [noun]
brigander1525
whitecoata1538
blue cap1598
green-coat1600
redcoatc1605
blue bonnet1637
greycoat1642
blackguard1745
red-jacket1828
busby-bag1868
red-clout1895
scarlet1896
khaki1899
1828 J. F. Brice Andrew Jackson ii. ii. 7 The General was at New Orleans waiting for the red jackets.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs ix. 37 The red-jackets who hold gentlemen's horses in St. James's Street.
1898 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 433/2 The red-jackets leap over the five-foot palisade into the alley between the arena and the spectators.
2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 23 Oct. 24 Defensive tunnels..run for 32 miles, dotted with waxwork tableaux of British redjackets.
(ii) In the names of animals and plants.
† red-beak n. [with reference to the common waxbill after South African Dutch roodebekje rooibekkie n.] South African Obsolete (a) the common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (cf. rooibekkie n.); (b) the red-faced mousebird, Urocolius indicus, which has a facial mask of bare red skin (rare).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1793 C. R. Hopson tr. C. P. Thunberg Trav. I. 312 The Loxia Astrild, on account of its red beak, was called Rood-beckje, or Red-beak, and was found in great numbers in the farmers gardens.
1822 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. xii. 266 The Roode-bekje (Red beak), a small finch,..is a very common bird.
1890 A. Martin Home Life 18 Another soft-voiced little singer is the rooibeck, or red-beak, a wee thing very like an avadavat.
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Redbeak, a South-African mouse-bird.
† red foot n. U.S. Obsolete a North American bird, perhaps the white ibis, Eudocimus albus.
ΚΠ
1763 tr. A. Le Page du Pratz Hist. Louisiana II. vii. 82 The Hatchet-Bill is so called on account of its bill... Its feet are also a beautiful red, and it is therefore often called Red-Foot.
1819 D. B. Warden Acc. U.S. II. 528 The hatchet-bill, or red foot.
† redgullet n. Obsolete rare (a) U.S. = red-mouth n.; (b) Australian = redthroat n. (b).Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Pomadysidae (grunts) > member of genus Haemulon
grunta1705
red-mouth1704
porgy1725
margate1735
Margareta1757
redthroat1840
flannel-mouth1882
redgullet1890
1890 Cent. Dict. Redmouth, a fish of the genus Hæmulon... Also called redgullet.
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Red a. Redgullet, 1. A redmouth. 2. A redthroat.
red-knee n. (a) (in singular and plural) †the plant water pepper, Persicaria hydropiper (obsolete); (in plural) the related plant redshank, P. maculosa (English regional); †(b) Australian = red-kneed dotterel n. at Compounds 1c(b)(ii) (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > water-pepper
arsesmarta1300
red-kneea1300
culragea1400
smarthole1440
water pepper1538
arsenick1552
ciderage1578
lake-weed1693
water smartweed1867
pochard grass1879
a1300 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 202 [Persicaria] waterwede vel red bne [read kne] vel ersmert.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 3 (MED) Take gose grese, ambros, spourge, redkne, sperworte.
1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Red knees is Hydropiper.
1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. VI. Pl. 21 Over what extent of country the Banded Red-knee may range is yet to be determined.
1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 284 Red knees, the plant Polygonum Persicaria.
1907 J. A. Wheldon & A. Wilson Flora W. Lancs. 271 P[olygonum] Persicaria, L.—Persicary. ‘Red-knees’, in the Fylde district—from the swollen red nodes of the stem.
red-mouth n. (more fully red-mouth grunt) U.S. any of various grunts (genus Haemulon) having a mouth which is red inside.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Pomadysidae (grunts) > member of genus Haemulon
grunta1705
red-mouth1704
porgy1725
margate1735
Margareta1757
redthroat1840
flannel-mouth1882
redgullet1890
1704 Nat. Hist. iii, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 202 The Red-Mouth. His Back and Gill-fins scarlet, the rest edged with white.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 398 The Grunts or Pig-Fishes..are distinguished by the brilliant red color of the inside of the mouth and throat, from which they have sometimes been called Red Mouths, or Flannel Mouths.
1898 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1897 109 Hæmulon plumieri (Lacépède). Red Mouth Grunt.
1947 2nd Ann. Fall Fishing Rodeo (Southeastern N. Carolina Beach Assoc.) 4 Salt-water fish... Red Mouth.
1991 Common Names Fishes (Amer. Fisheries Soc.) 139 Grunt, red-mouth—see tomtate.
† red-neb n. Scottish Obsolete a variety of kidney potato, white with red markings at the smaller end.
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1784 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. III: Pt. ii. 446 Potatoes that have small red spots on the smallest end, and, therefore, called Redneb.
1798 R. Douglas Gen. View Agric. Roxburgh & Selkirk 97 Various other potatoes..of all of which, next to the common white, the one in greatest esteem is the red-neb.
1809 R. Kerr Gen. View Agric. County of Berwick 291 The long kidney shaped white potatoe, with a dash of red at one end, called red-nebs, or red-nosed kidneys.
redroot n. chiefly North American any of various plants whose roots are red or yield a red pigment; esp. (a) New Jersey tea, Ceanothus americanus (family Rhamnaceae); (also, with distinguishing word) any of the other shrubs of this genus; †(b) bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis (family Papaveraceae), also called Indian puccoon (obsolete); (c) a swamp plant, Lachnanthes caroliniana (family Haemodoraceae), with hairy yellow flowers, also called paint-root; †(d) corn gromwell, Buglossoides arvensis (family Boraginaceae) (obsolete); (e) (more fully redroot pigweed) a kind of amaranth, Amaranthus retroflexus.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Liliaceae family or plants > [noun] > other plants
one-blade1578
one-leaf1578
spiderwort1597
star of Bethlehem1629
ague-grass1687
unifoil1688
redroot1709
bellwort1785
eucomisc1804
uvularia1836
paintroot1853
twisted stalk1856
Barbados onion1866
fly-poison1866
shepherd's joy1884
onion weed1909
mondo1956
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > North-American > ceanothus or red-root
redroot1709
Jersey tea1759
New Jersey tea1759
New Jersey tea1760
spirit weed1864
myrtle1880
ceanothus1882
buck's-eye1883
red-heart1911
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 78 The Red-Root whose Leaf is like Spear-mint, is good for..sore Mouths.
1740 P. Collinson Let. 22 July in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 137 I am in doubt about the Red Root. Don't know what it is unless the Pecune an Indian name.
1803 A. F. M. Willich & J. Mease Domest. Encycl. (Amer. ed.) IV. 442/1 Sanguinaria Canadensis, called commonly Puccoon, blood-wort, red-root, Indian paint, turmeric.
1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 481 Lachnanthes, Ell. Red-root.
1851 J. F. W. Johnston Notes N. Amer. xi. 305 The Lithospermum arvense..—called in North America by the various names of pigeon-weed, red-root, steen-crout.., [etc.]—is said to be a European importation.
1872 1st Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1871–2 268 The green amaranth or red-root..[will] fully perfect its seeds.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 114/2 Red-root, Box-leaved, Ceanothus buxifolius.
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal II. 461/1 Lachnanthes... The rhizome..bears a large number of long, coarse, somewhat waxy, deep-red roots, yielding a red dye, to which its popular names of Paintroot and Redroot are due.
1980 A. Bliss N. Amer. Dye Plants 206 Redroot Pigweed. Amaranthus retroflexus... The taproot, though a deep red color, gave lighter versions of these colors gained by using the rest of the plant in August.
2005 D. J. Leopold Native Plants of Northeast 156/1 Another Ceanothus in our region is prairie-redroot (C. herbaceus), which is similar [to C. americanus] except that it has narrower leaves.
redside n. (also redsides) U.S. (a) (more fully redside dace) a small cyprinid, Clinostomus elongatus; (b) the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; (c) (more fully redside shiner) any of several minnows; esp. Richardsonius balteatus.
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1873 in Michigan Gen. Statutes (1882) I. 581 Nothing in this act shall be construed as prohibiting..any person from catching mullet, suckers, red-sides, wall-eyed pike, or sturgeon.
1890 Cent. Dict. Redsides, a small cyprinoid fish, Notropis or Lythrurus ardens... Also called redfin.
1904 Salmon & Trout 252 The scales..on the latter [sc. the steelhead] being always smaller than in the typical ‘redsides’.
1943 S. Eddy & T. Surber Northern Fishes 136 The redside dace is a medium-sized minnow with a broad, black lateral band.
1963 W. F. Sigler & R. R. Miller Fishes Utah 77 The red stripe [on Richardsonius balteatus]..is especially bright in breeding males—hence the name redside.
1983 Audubon Field Guide N. Amer. Fishes 456 Increasing populations of Redside Shiners have overcrowded some lakes.
redthroat n. †(a) Caribbean = red-mouth n. (obsolete); (b) a brown Australian songbird, Pyrrholaemus brunneus (family Acanthizidae), the male of which has a reddish throat.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Pomadysidae (grunts) > member of genus Haemulon
grunta1705
red-mouth1704
porgy1725
margate1735
Margareta1757
redthroat1840
flannel-mouth1882
redgullet1890
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 296 Hæmulon has..the lower jaw compressed, opening very wide and of a bright red. Hence they are called ‘Red-throats’ in the West Indian Islands.
1896 B. Spencer Rep. Horn Sci. Exped. Central Austral. II. 84 Pyrrholaemus brunnea..Red-throat..was first found amongst the scrub at Hermannburg.
1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 194 The red-throat..a gifted songster, ranges from the Victorian Mallee country to Western Australia.
1984 M. Blakers et al. Atlas Austral. Birds 467 The Redthroat lives in acacia scrub and saltbush, specially along watercourses.
red underwing n. a large Eurasian noctuid moth, Catocala nupta, having red hindwings with broad black bands.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > member of subfamily Catocalinae (underwing) > catocala nupta (red-underwing)
red underwing1720
bride1832
wife1832
1720 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Eng. Insects Descr. Pl. lxxx It [sc. the moth] is commonly called the red under Wing.
1843 H. N. Humphreys & J. O. Westwood Brit. Moths I. 247 Catocala nupta (the red underwing).
1908 R. South Moths Brit. Isles II. 80 The Red Underwing (Catocala nupta). Both sexes of this species are shown.
1998 Guardian 15 Sept. i. 22/6 The red underwing..has a wing span of about three-and-a-half inches.
† red wame n. Scottish Obsolete the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus.
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1772 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 161 A small but beautiful lake..full of Trout, and Char, called in the Erse, Tariar-kinich, and in the Scotch, Red Weems.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VIII. 504 This lake abounds with charr commonly called red wames.
(c)
(i) With miscellaneous nouns or verbs.
red ale n. ale having a reddish or burgundy hue.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > other ales
strawberry ale1523
red ale1557
sixteens1584
bottle ale1586
hostler ale1590
Pimlico1609
eyebright1612
quest-ale1681
hugmatee1699
Newcastle brown (ale)1707
pale ale1708
twopenny ale (or beer)1710
twoops1729
flux ale1742
pale1743
Ringwood1759
brown ale1776
light ale1780
blue cap1789
brown1820
India pale ale1837
Tipper1843
ostler ale1861
fourpenny ale1871
four-ale1883
ninepenny1886
Scotch1886
barley wine1940
IPA1953
light1953
real ale1972
1557 H. Machyn Diary (1848) 144 Owsturs..and onyons and red alle.
c1610 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 13 No long Ale, no red Ale, no ropy Ale, but good and wholesome for man's body, under the payn and forfeitrue.
1906 Folk-lore 17 158 In the house they found a damsel wearing a crown of gold, with a vat full of red ale, a golden ladle and a golden cup before her.
2007 Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 16 Aug. e26 Bottled fare is equally handpicked, including a surprisingly fragrant red ale from Rogue.
red alert n. (originally Military) an urgent warning of imminent danger; an instruction to prepare for an emergency, or, in a hospital, to admit only emergency cases; a state of readiness for an emergency; also figurative.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > specific types of warning
by-warning1542
gypsy's warning1824
red warning1940
yellow1940
red alert1941
yellow alert1941
red1943
code1957
amber alert1958
content warning1977
trigger warning1993
1941 San Mateo (Calif.) Times 10 Dec. 12/2 A ‘red’ alert, indicating ‘aircraft overhead’, was issued by the Fourth interceptor command at San Francisco.
1962 ‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed xxvii. 203 His every move will be under red-alert watch.
1975 Times 26 Nov. 1/4 The health authorities at Croydon yesterday put out a ‘red’ alert of hospital beds... Hospitals in its area will take only emergencies.
1981 W. Safire in N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Feb. 9/1 The red alert flashed here a few weeks ago—warning of incoming semantic missiles from the new Secretary of State, Al Haig.
2006 R. Everett Red Carpets & Other Banana Skins xiv. 136 ‘Oh,’ I said, outwardly nonchalant, but inside on red alert.
red anchor n. attributive designating a period of Chelsea porcelain manufacture (c1752–6) during which high-quality porcelain with a distinguishing red anchor mark was produced; designating porcelain of this period.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [adjective] > porcelain > English porcelain
Chelsea1754
Pinxton1802
Salopian1850
Coalport1863
red anchor1922
1875 Times 20 Mar. 7/5 Three Chelsea monkey musicians—two male and one female, very rare and fine, 5in. high (mark, the red anchor)—£28 7s.]
1922 Burlington Mag. June 310/2 It is coloured with the restraint and good taste which characterises the Chelsea of the red-anchor period.
1966 Daily Tel. 26 Oct. 16/4 A Chelsea figure of a Chinaman, Red Anchor period, was sold for £4,200.
1998 Burlington Mag. Mar. 212/1 This piece..invites comparison with more or less contemporary red-anchor wares.
Red Arrow n. (a) [after Russian Krasnaja Strela (1931)] a luxurious express train which runs between Moscow and St Petersburg (formerly Leningrad); (b) (in plural) the aerobatic display team of the Royal Air Force.
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society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > passenger train > express or non-stop > specific
Flying Dutchman1813
Scotsman1871
Flying Scotchman1872
Orient Express1883
Twentieth Century1902
Royal Scot1927
Rheingold1928
Red Arrow1934
trans-Siberian1939
TEE1963
1934 N. Alexander tr. T. Tchernavin Escape from Soviets ii. i. 171 The Moscow train was the express, ‘Red Arrow’; all the Soviet aristocracy and foreigners travel by it.
1965 Times 7 May 28 (caption) A ‘bomb-burst’ demonstrated by the Red Arrows aerobatic team at the Central Flying School.
1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. xviii. 337 I told the players I had to go out on the pitch because the Red Arrows were going to fly by and give me a salute.
2001 P. D. Smith In Search of Russ. Bear (ed. 2) xiii. 212 Alexander came to the hotel that night to accompany us to the train station. We were to ride the overnight train ‘Red Arrow’ to Moscow.
red-arse n. Military slang a recruit.
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society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > recruit
besognier1584
bisogno1591
bezonian1592
besonio1603
besogne?1615
greenhorn1650
lister1678
recruit1707
rookie1868
recruity1887
recruitee1896
rook1902
boot1915
inductee1941
sprog1941
yardbird1941
skinhead1943
macker1944
red-arse1946
1946 R. Grinstead They dug Hole i. i. 13 And so it goes on. The everlasting bickering between old sweat and red~arse!
1947 D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 193 You were only a bloody redarse in those days.
1996 Sunday Times (Nexis) 6 Oct. If a Sloaney chap joins the army, he will be known, while a new recruit, as a red arse or a crow.
red atrophy n. [after German rothe Atrophie (1842 in the source translated in quot. 1849)] Pathology (now rare) a late stage of massive necrosis of the liver, in which the organ is shrunken, soft, and dark red.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver
hepatitis1699
liver rot1785
liver1805
gin liver1830
nutmeg liver1833
cirrhosis1839
Laennec's cirrhosis1839
gin drinker's liver1845
yellow atrophy1845
hobnailed liver1849
red atrophy1849
hobnail liver1882
fascioliasis1884
infectious hepatitis1891
distomatosis1892
distomiasis1892
hepatomegalia1893
infective hepatitis1896
spirit liver1896
hepatoma1905
hepatosplenomegalia1930
Pick's syndrome1932
serum hepatitis1943
Pick's syndrome1955
micronodular cirrhosis1960
macronodular cirrhosis1967
hep1975
1849 E. Sieveking tr. C. Rokitansky Man. Pathol. Anat. II. i. ii. 122 Atrophy of the liver, independent of the marasmus senilis of the organ, appears in various forms. We first draw attention to two distinct forms which have not been remarked hitherto... Owing to their distinctive colouring, they may be appropriately termed yellow and red atrophy.
1885 Lancet 9 May 844/2 The liver was in a state of red atrophy, with fatty infiltration.
1961 R. D. Baker Essent. Pathol. xvi. 409 Massive necrosis... If the patient lives several weeks after the onset of jaundice subacute red atrophy is found at autopsy.
red bag n. (also with capital initials) British a red brief-bag (brief-bag n. at brief n.1 Compounds 2), traditionally presented by a senior counsel to a junior barrister for a significant contribution to a case; cf. blue bag n. 1a.
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society > law > legal profession > [noun] > lawyer's bag
buckram1607
buckram-bag1611
wallet1645
green bag1660
blue bag1788
red bag1845
brief-bag1848
1845 Times 13 Nov. 3 Instead of commencing his very onerous duties (those of opening the door and carrying his master's red bag into court) at 9 o'clock, it is notorious that not one out of 20 barristers' chambers are opened till after 10.
1910 Encycl. Brit. IV. 562/1 The only brief-bag allowed to be placed on the desks is the red bag, which by English legal etiquette is given by a leading counsel to a junior who has been useful to him in some important case.
1995 Ld. Shawcross Life Sentence iii. 29 A well-known and engaging Northern Circuit Silk..gave me the coveted Red Bag for my help.
red ball n. U.S. slang a fast or express freight train or truck; (in extended use) anything having a high priority; frequently attributive.
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society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > conveyance by rail or train > type of freight
way freight1819
fast freight1838
red ball1906
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > goods train > types of
way freight1867
tank-train1901
red ball1906
manifest1912
liner train1962
unit train1962
freightliner1965
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > truck or lorry > fast
red ball1906
1906 E. R. Dewsnup Railway Organization & Working 458 (heading) The red ball system of handling fast freight.
1927 Amer. Speech 2 388/2 Fast freights are known as red balls.
1934 Sun (Baltimore) 3 May 12/6 Several who have worked on these ‘red ball’ runs told me that after a man has been on a truck twenty-four hours he's tired and unstrung.
1944 N.Y. Times 8 Oct. iv. 5/4 The famous Red Ball highway—a belt of one-way roads for truck convoys that actually kept pace with General Patton's advance.
1968 T.V. Times (Austral.) 29 May 18/3 In railway language ‘Red Ball’ means top priority freight.
1991 D. Simon Homicide (1993) 21 A red-ball case can mean twenty-hour days and constant reports to the entire chain of command; it can become a special detail.
2001 L. Lippman In Strange City 59 I'm sure they'll treat it like the red ball it is.
red band n. British Prison slang a prisoner who enjoys special privileges; such a prisoner (originally more fully red-band man).
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society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > privileged or having responsibilities
free-warder1595
ruler1733
wardsman1789
runner1830
trusty1849
tea man1877
red band1923
trustee1933
passman1965
1914 T. Hopkins Romance of Fraud xii. 229 Another concession, known as that of the ‘Red Band’, by which trusty prisoners are allowed to work by themselves away from direct supervision, is proving a great success.]
1923 Times 22 Oct. 8/5 They were known as ‘red-band men’, being trusted to do jobs in and about the prison which others were not allowed to do.
1952 ‘J. Henry’ Who lie in Gaol x. 143 That prisoners could walk through the house unaccompanied by a red-band or an officer seemed to her little short of madness.
1976 A. Miller Inside Outside 3 I would then have a cup of coffee brought to me by a ‘red band’.
2008 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 25 Mar. 3 Parcels of drugs are thrown over the fence and picked up by inmates with more privileges called ‘red bands’.
red banner n. = red flag n. 1, 4a; spec. (now historical) in the title of various distinctions and orders in the Soviet Union. [In specific uses with reference to the Soviet Union, after Russian krasnoe znamja (1902 or earlier denoting the red flag of a Socialist party; 1918 or earlier with reference to Communism). In Order of the Red Banner, after Russian Orden Krasnogo Znameni (1918); in Order of the Red Banner of Toil, after Russian Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni (1920).]
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society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > banner > specific banner
oriflammec1475
red banner1797
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Worlde 104 He [sc. the Pope] gaue them a red banner with the image of the crucifixe painted therein.]
1797 C. Smith Elegiac Sonnets II. 17 Mistaken Glory, in the field Rears her red banner.
1871 W. P. Fetridge Rise & Fall Paris Commune 317 The red banner had to be removed..within direct range of the insurgents below.
1927 Times 22 Dec. 11/5 The Presidium..has awarded 25 of the most prominent members of the Ogpu (Cheka) the Order of the Red Banner.
1974 tr. A. Snieckus Soviet Lithuania 28 New fighting patriots took the places of those that were killed or jailed, keeping the red banner of revolution flying.
2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xviii. 265 He's got the Order of the Red Banner and he's a Hero of the Soviet Union—got both of those as a colonel.
red beds n. Geology any of various groups of sedimentary strata of a reddish colour; spec. (often in form Red Beds) strata composed largely of sandstone, siltstone, or shale deposited in a continental environment (esp. in the Permian and Triassic periods), and coloured red by haematite; frequently attributive (in singular or plural).
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Triassic-Jurassic
red measures1803
red beds1811
Rhaetic1862
Rhaetian1883
1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 157 Towards the bottom of this series, several beds of compact blue Limestone..have been discovered to differ entirely in their properties from the yellow or red beds, and to be much more proper for agricultural purposes.
1849 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 5 25 The appearance at certain points of the series of stratified deposits of red sandstones and other rocks coloured by the peroxide of iron, in regions where the older formations contain comparatively few red beds, is a fact observed in many countries.
1892 Amer. Naturalist 26 935 In the Red Bed Area, also, surface wells are abundant.
1922 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 33 107 The thickest beds of such [iron] ore in the Appalachian district are in areas where the underlying red beds of Upper Ordovician age are either very thin or are entirely eroded away.
1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) xix. 277 The Bunter series..of Germany consists chiefly of red beds, such as sandstones and shales.
1986 L. V. Illing & A. E. Griffith in J. Brooks et al. Habitat of Palaeozoic Gas in N.W. Europe 75/2 The overlying Mercia Mudstones are a typical Keuper red-bed sequence.
2005 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 21 Feb. 35 Lowermost deposits include Late Triassic-Early Jurassic synrift red beds.
Red Beret n. (also with lower-case initials) Military a member of any of various elite divisions having a red beret as part of their uniform, esp. the Parachute Regiment of the British Army; frequently attributive; cf. Green Beret n. at green adj. and n.1 Compounds 1d(a).
ΚΠ
1947 Times 8 Nov. 3/1 [He] spoke of the ‘fellowship of the Red Beret’.]
1953 Los Angeles Times 14 May i. 8/4 French army headquarters announced today that ‘Red Beret’ paratroopers have wiped out a company of Viet-Minh Communist troops.
1966 Times 9 Apr. 6/2 One of the parachute drops in South Wales may also prove to be an amphibious operation, as..with an unfavourable wind there might be many Red Berets in the sea.
1978 ‘R. Lewis’ Uncertain Sound ii. 31 He..had graduated to the Parachute Regiment..and between 1960 and 1968..had held the rank of sergeant in the Red Berets.
2006 Maclean's 6 Mar. 9/4 He was being protected by ‘red beret’ security forces put together by Slobodan Milosevic.
red biddy n. [apparently < red adj. + biddy n.1; compare later biddy n.3] colloquial (originally Irish English and Scottish) a drink consisting of methylated spirits and cheap red wine; (also) inferior red wine.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > other distilled liquor > [noun] > methylated spirit drink
pink-eye1900
jake1926
red biddy1926
metho1933
White Lady1935
biddy1940
1926 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 15 Aug. a10/2 In Ulster the prosecutions have revealed the manufacture of drink called Red Biddy on which men can get drunk cheaply.
1928 Daily Express 5 Dec. 13/2 Glasgow has not relaxed its war-time drink restrictions..but nothing is being done to make the sale of this horrible ‘Red Biddy’ punishable by prison.
1950 E. Hyams From Waste Land 204 Pamphlets issued by the French wine trade..to persuade the customer that the Red Biddy he is drinking is something very special and fine indeed.
1977 M. Kenyon Rapist v. 58 What if he was not a red biddy man? At five bob a bottle he bloody soon would be.
1996 S. Blackhall Wittgenstein's Web 46 Hi min, Wullie, nae mair red biddy fur me.
2007 Church Times 13 July 16/2 Red-biddy, a high-alcohol drink composed of red wine and methylated spirits, was commonly drunk, and led to crime and violence.
red blanket n. [apparently so called on account of its packaging: see quot. 1951] Australian slang tinned meat.
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1926 A. Giles Exploring in Seventies 127 Tinned meat in 6 lb tins (‘red blanket’ we called it). The tins were painted red without labels or description of contents.
1951 E. Hill Territory 106 Nicknamed ‘red blanket’ because of its red label..it was breakfast, dinner and tea for five hundred men.
red blood cell n. Medicine and Biology a principal type of cell found in the blood of vertebrates, which contains the pigment haemoglobin, transports oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues, and in mammals typically has the form of a biconcave disc without a nucleus; an erythrocyte; also called red blood corpuscle, red cell, red corpuscle.
ΚΠ
1850 London Med. Gaz. 10 972/2 Although their production is not hindered, yet their development into the perfect red blood-cells is cannot take place.
1910 H. W. Armit tr. P. Ehrlich & A. Lazarus Anæmia i. 3 Tarchanoff proposed that by determining the loss of water during profuse sweating, and by comparative red blood cell counts both before and after the sweating, an estimate of the quantity of blood could be arrived at.
1969 W. R. Platt Color Atlas & Textbk. Hematol. ii. 28/1 The erythrocyte (normocyte or red blood cell) measures 6–8 μ in diameter.
2007 Wired Jan. 135/3 Fairness is a slippery concept in a world where it's legal to sleep in an altitude tent to increase your red blood cell count, yet getting a transfusion to exactly the same end is banned.
red blood corpuscle n. Medicine and Biology = red blood cell n.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > components of blood > blood corpuscle or plate > [noun] > red cells or corpuscles
globule1674
red corpuscle1747
red blood disc1835
red cell1843
red blood corpuscle1844
pneumocyte1872
poikilocyte1886
haematid1888
normoblast1889
polychromatic normoblast1899
normocyte1900
spherocyte1908
polychrome1909
siderocyte1915
reticulocyte1922
proerythroblast1927
target cell1938
acanthocyte1952
sideroblast1954
1844 Lancet 7 Dec. 314/1 Those I allude to are perfectly spherical, transparent, colourless—or, at least, much paler than the red blood corpuscles.
1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xliii. 643 Hæmoglobin is the colouring matter of the red blood corpuscles.
1996 Independent 17 July i. 15/1 It is widely acknowledged (in private) that drug-testing is a sham... The tests do not detect the drug EPO or blood replacement, both of which increase red blood corpuscles to hold more oxygen.
red board n. U.S. slang (a) a stop signal on a railway; (b) a board on which the official results of a horse race are posted (also in extended use).
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society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > types of signal system > specific signal
red light1790
danger1841
danger-signal1848
line clear1869
highball signal1894
starter1895
red board1903
stop signal1923
identification light1931
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > equipment > [noun] > board
red board1903
1903 Atlanta Constit. 19 June 9/3 Five minutes of intense anxiety, in which even the women were quiet, passed before the red board went up.
1929 Bookman (U.S.) July 527/2 Red board, when..a train has to stop for orders.
1946 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Apr. 18/1 After each race there was much ‘red board’ speculation and betting as to which horse had won.
1968 Wall St. Jrnl. 31 Jan. ‘One thing about Sam,’ he says. ‘He never bet the red board.’ (In track jargon, to bet the red board is to claim you picked the winner—after the race is over.)
1973 Amer. Speech 1969 44 259 Red board, stop signal on an overhead signal bridge.
1995 S. Offit Mem. Bookie's Son 113 You got better sense than to listen to what the red board players tell you.
red body n. Zoology the rete mirabile of a fish; (also now chiefly) this together with the gas gland that it supplies; cf. red gland n.
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the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > air bladder or parts of
sound1323
swimmer1579
wind-bladder1594
rete1615
swim1638
air bladder1675
swimming-bladder1713
air duct1744
red body1785
swim-bladder1837
fish-maw1840
fish-sound1879
maw1883
red gland1896
1785 A. Monro Struct. & Physiol. Fishes iii. 28 A red-coloured organ..is found on the inner side of the air-bag of the cod, haddock, etc.: but in those fishes where the air-bag communicates with the alimentary canal, this red body is either very small and simple..or entirely wanting.
1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 38 The air..found in these bladders..is believed to be secreted by the inner lining membrane, and in some instances by a red body.
1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 375 The vessels..often form close circumscribed retia mirabilia, projecting as ‘red bodies’ on the inner side of the bladder.
1911 Proc. Zool. Soc. No. 2. 184 In the vast majority of cases ‘red body’ includes both rete mirabile and gas gland.
1997 Jrnl. Endocrinol. 154 415 Specific ANP [= atrial natriuretic peptide] receptors were detected in the red body of the swim bladder, [etc.].
red bog n. a type of peat bog occurring chiefly in Ireland which has a reddish colour owing to the presence of a particular type of sphagnum moss; cf. raised bog n. at raised adj.1 Compounds.
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the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun]
marsheOE
fenc888
sladec893
moorOE
mossOE
marshlandlOE
lay-fena1225
lay-mirea1225
moor-fenc1275
flosha1300
strother?a1300
marish1327
carrc1330
waterlanda1382
gaseync1400
quaba1425
paludec1425
mersec1440
sumpa1450
palus?1473
wash1483
morass1489
oozea1500
bog?a1513
danka1522
fell1538
soga1552
Camarine1576
gog1583
swale1584
sink1594
haga1600
mere1609
flata1616
swamp1624
pocosin1634
frogland1651
slash1652
poldera1669
savannah1671
pond-land1686
red bog1686
swang1691
slack1719
flowa1740
wetland1743
purgatory1760
curragh1780
squall1784
marais1793
vlei1793
muskeg1806
bog-pit1820
prairie1820
fenhood1834
pakihi1851
terai1852
sponge1856
takyr1864
boglet1869
sinkhole1885
grimpen1902
sphagnum bog1911
blanket bog1939
string bog1959
1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 955 Every red Bog has about it a deep marshy sloughy ground, which they call the bounds of the Bog.
1737 Dublin Soc. Weekly Obs. (1739) I. No. 19. 122 The Crop I mean is Hops; and the Bogs in which I have reared them with most Success, the worst and most useless of all others—the red Bogs.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. iii. 357 The colour of the matter of which they are composed is, for the most part, reddish, whence they are usually called red bogs. Exclusive of the red or flat bogs [etc.].
1953 Jrnl. Ecol. 41 259 These red bogs undoubtedly correspond to the raised bogs of modern terminology, whose aspect is often dominated by red species of the bog moss Sphagnum.
red box n. a box, usually covered with red leather, used by a minister of state to hold official documents.
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society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun] > minister's box for
red box1780
1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 70 Have their velvet bags, and their red boxes, been so full, that nothing more could possibly be crammed into them?
1823 Lady Campbell Let. 6 Jan. in Miss Eden's Lett. (1919) 80 Every thing..goes on the same,..the very red boxes of office left in their places.
a1883 E. Fitzgerald Misc. (1900) 201 It is good for a Counsellor to be attended on his travels with a Red Box.
1928 Times 28 Nov. 17/3 Sir Austen Chamberlain must know well what it is to be met at night by the same barricade of red boxes across his study table.
1984 J. Archer First among Equals (1985) xii. 141 The report of the new Boundary Commission had been left in the red box for him to study over the weekend.
2008 Sun (Nexis) 14 Mar. Most MPs are not on the fiddle. They work hard on constituency matters or the red boxes if they are ministers.
Red Branch n. (in Irish mythology) either of two of the royal halls of Conchobar, king of Ulster; frequently with reference to an order of warriors or knights (sometimes in full as Knights of the Red Branch). [After the name of the royal hall of Ulster in Irish mythology, Early Irish Cráeb Rúad, lit. ‘red branch’ (Irish Craobh Rua; earlier as compound Early Irish Cráebrúad, adjective, lit. ‘red-branched’) < cráeb branch, bough, tree (of unknown origin) + rúad brownish-red, e.g. the colour of red hair and of dried blood, also (in poetry) strong, mighty (see main etymology).]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for royal house of Ulster
Red Branch1717
1717 H. MacCurtin Brief Disc. Vindic. Antiq. Ireland i. 82 These Champions were commonly call'd Curuidhe na Craoibhe ruadh, i. e. the Champions of the Red-Branch; and were counted the most powerful and most valiant in the western World in their Time.
1772 S. O'Halloran Introd. Study Hist. Ireland i. v. 40 Long before the birth of Christ we find an hereditary order of chivalry in Ulster, called..the Knights of the Red Branch.
1892 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen iv. 73 Tales Of Finian labours and the Red-Branch Kings.
1963 B. Kiely Journey to Seven Streams 233 All I ever heard about the dogs in these mountains is that their family tree is as old as the Red Branch Knights.
2007 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 19 July 8 Conchubar..sat on the throne of Ulster while the warriors of the Red Branch strode the land.
red brass n. an alloy consisting chiefly of copper and tin, and having a reddish tint; gunmetal; cf. tombac n. 2.
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1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. i. xxvii. 58 These things are Martiall..: Amongst Metals, Iron, and red Brass.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs II. iii. ii. 364/1 Red Brass melted with some of this Stone becomes as white as Silver.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 165 Red brass, the Tombak of some,..consists of more copper and less zinc than go to the composition of brass, being from 2½ to 8 or 10 of the former to 1 of the latter.
1997 Metrop. Mus. Jrnl. 32 92/1 It seems likely that if the 1581 virginal originally employed twisted strings for the short-octave notes, they would have been made of red brass or annealed yellow brass.
Red Brigade n. (also Red Brigades) [after Italian Brigata Rossa (1970; plural Brigate Rosse)] an extremist left-wing terrorist group operating in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > paramilitary groups spec. > [noun]
U.V.F.1913
squadra1922
Sturmabteilung1923
steel helmet1925
Schutzbund1927
new guard1932
Silver Shirts1934
Stern gang1944
Umkhonto we Sizwe1961
nahal1963
MK1964
Provisional I.R.A.1970
Black September1971
Red Brigade1971
Black Septembrist1972
U.D.A.1972
Symbionese Liberation Army1973
U.F.F.1973
Amal1976
death squad1976
INLA1979
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > terrorism > [noun] > terrorist > specific terrorist organization
Red Army Faction1969
Red Army1970
Angry Brigade1971
Red Army Faction1971
Red Brigade1971
Red Army Fraction1972
Action Directe1980
1971 N.Y. Times 29 Mar. 8/2 The Milan police seized weapons and bomb components traced to an ultraleftist underground group, Red Brigades, which had claimed responsibility for a series of blasts and other sabotage.
1978 Ann. Reg. 1977 136 Terrorist action with a political flavour was also carried on by other extremist groups, in particular by the left-wing Red Brigade.
2005 Uncut June 13/1 I'd always been under the impression that the left-wing Red Brigade..had also taken part in similar attacks on civilian targets.
Red Brigader n. a member of the Red Brigade.
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1978 Ann. Reg. 1977 136 In their efforts to spread terror the Red Brigaders resorted to shooting in the legs or kneecap a number of fairly prominent persons.
1986 J. Adams Financing of Terror viii. 189 The Red Brigaders are somewhat pedantic about book-keeping—an unusual trait for terrorists, who tend to have no concept of effective financial management.
red caviar n. [compare Russian krasnaja ikra (16th cent. in Old Russian)] reddish roe from fish other than the sturgeon.
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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > roes
roea1400
caviar1591
icary1591
seed1653
red caviar1655
coral1768
osetrova1928
1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) ix. 224 In Italy they make great profit of the Spawn of Carps, by selling it to the Jewes, who make it into red Caviare.
1736 tr. P. J. von Strahlenberg Histori-geogr. Descr. N. & E. Europe & Asia 345 There is also Abundance of red Caviar, in Russia, which is made of a little Fish, called Sig; Caviar is the Czar's Monopoly.
1894 T. F. Garrett & W. A. Rawson Encycl. Pract. Cookery 324/1 Red Caviare, this is a very inferior quality, made from the roe of any fish, such as the grey mullet, or carp.
1927 A. Martineau Caviare to Candy iii. 31 Red Caviare. This is made from the roe of a hen pike.
1998 N.Y. Mag. 4 May 102/3 Unwind in the Jacuzzi with nineteen of your friends. When you're through shvitzing, revive with a round of red caviar and vodka.
red cell n. Medicine and Biology = red blood cell n.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > components of blood > blood corpuscle or plate > [noun] > red cells or corpuscles
globule1674
red corpuscle1747
red blood disc1835
red cell1843
red blood corpuscle1844
pneumocyte1872
poikilocyte1886
haematid1888
normoblast1889
polychromatic normoblast1899
normocyte1900
spherocyte1908
polychrome1909
siderocyte1915
reticulocyte1922
proerythroblast1927
target cell1938
acanthocyte1952
sideroblast1954
1843 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Human Physiol. (new ed.) 442 The red fluid shed in this manner contains, besides blood-discs, newly-developed red cells, ruddy cytoblasts, pale granules, and reddish serum.
1917 C. Price-Jones Blood Pictures i. 11 Assuming the average red-cell count of a woman to be 4,450,000 per c.mm.
2006 In the Know 10 Oct. 30/1 Her body's own stem cells were not making enough red cells.
red cent n. originally U.S. a one-cent coin (originally made of copper); (usually in extended use) a trivial amount of money; usually in negative expressions; cf. sense B. 14.
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society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [phrase] > small
(and) odd money1447
two and a plack1692
red cent1837
1837 Spirit of Times 2 Dec. 333/3 Not a red cent to my name—not even enough to buy a hoe-cake of a meal.
1889 Sir Charles Danvers xxix I don't care a red cent what you say.
1900 W. Archer Let. 1 Feb. in C. Archer William Archer (1931) xii. 263 I have never given a red cent for the ideas in plays.
1958 J. Carew Black Midas ix. 193 He will pay you seven dollar..and not a red cent extra.
2003 K. Kwei-Armah Elmina's Kitchen ii. iii. 82 Tell them they can come burn down my place, before they get a red cent from me.
Red Centre n. the remote interior of Australia.
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the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Australasia > [noun] > Australia > interior
Never-Never Country1859
outside1869
Centralia1887
centre1896
way back1901
outback1904
Dead Heart1906
Red Centre1935
1935 H. H. Finlayson (title) The Red Centre: Man and Beast in the Heart of Australia.
1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Apr. 293/1 Nearly a decade of good rains have turned the famous Red Centre into something approaching a Green Centre.
1991 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 10 Oct. 9/1 Peter Severin's territory is among the hottest and most arid in Australia—the red centre, land of the legendary thirst.
2004 Wanderlust June 71/1 My train cut through Australia's Red Centre.
Red Chamber n. the Senate chamber of the Canadian Parliament Building in Ottawa (which is decorated in red); the Senate itself.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in Canada
commons1867
Red Chamber1892
national assembly1968
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in Canada > place of
Red Chamber1892
1892 Manitoba Daily Free Press 2 Dec. 2/1 The leadership of the senate is being provided for by the transference of Hon. M. Bowell to the red chamber.
1905 Eye Opener (Calgary, Alberta) 25 Feb. 1/6 The innocent haw~buck who imagines that the red chamber is full of dignity and high thoughts has never listened to the debates from the galleries.
1955 Chatelaine Apr. 13 Canada's first woman senator is Mrs. Norman F. Wilson, who shattered a fifty-year-old tradition that had preserved the Red Chamber as an exclusively men's club.
1998 Maclean's 5 Jan. 77/2 Senators voted to strip Andrew Thompson of his red chamber office, telephone and most travel privileges.
red channel n. (at a customs area in a port, airport, etc.) the channel through which travellers with goods to declare should pass.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > [noun] > at port or airport: area to examine goods or levy duty > channel for passengers declaring goods
red channel1968
1968 Guardian 11 Apr. 1/2 A more selective system of Customs questioning of passengers..is provided for in the finance bill published yesterday... Those who have anything to declare will go through a ‘red’ channel.
1988 Which? July 328/4 Go through the red channel if you're unsure whether you've exceeded your duty-free allowances.
2007 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 5 Nov. 10 If you have any more than these allowances you must declare the goods in the red channel.
red charcoal n. now rare a variety of charcoal containing a smaller proportion of pure carbon than usual, and a greater proportion of organic material.
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1805 Monthly Rev. 46 App. 470 Acids of the first order..are all decomposable by red charcoal.
1851 Sci. Amer. 21 June 320/2 Red charcoal is produced when the wood is heated in a close vessel at 356° Fahr.
1913 Times 1 Dec. 29/4 In some countries a kind of semi-charred substance known as red charcoal is prepared for domestic fuel in which the maximum amount of combustible matter is present.
red children n. now historical and offensive (a descriptive term applied to) North American Indians (frequently with possessive adjective).An expression of the fictive kinship terminology widely used in diplomatic relations by Indians of Eastern North America, according to which European monarchs and the President of the United States (and in some cases their official representatives) were fathers and the Indian nations children, but sometimes cited as emblematic of supposed condescension or paternalism (compare quots. 1792 and 2002).
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the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > [noun] > under white guardianship
red children1792
1792 Mass. Mag. Sept. 574/2 He was so fond of being thought their patron and protector, that he usually spoke of them as his red children, from the colour of their hides.
1801 B. Hawkins Let. 4 Sept. in Georgia Hist. Soc. Coll. (1916) IX. 379 Your father is desirous that his red children would consent to establish houses of entertainment and ferries on these roads.
1813 Tecumseh in Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 13 Nov. The war before this, our British father gave the hatchet to his red children, when our old chiefs were alive.
1826 Oshkosh et al. in Wisconsin Hist. Coll. (1900) XV. 16 Our Great Father the President of the United States, has, for the benefit of his red children of the Menominie Nation directed, that a Grist and saw mill, be erected in our neighborhood.
1871 Weekly Manitoban 5 Aug. 2/4 She [sc. Queen Victoria] wishes her Red children, as well as her White people, to be happy and contented.
1954 Mil. Affairs 18 87/1 I told them..that I had come as a representative from the Great Father, at Washington,..and that he meant well with his red children.
2002 Amer. Indian Q. 26 613 Since the dawn of first ‘contact’ Euramericans have set about stereotyping and making complete, civilized, educated, and Christian the ‘red children’ of Native America.
red choler n. [after post-classical Latin cholera rubea (a636 in Isidore; from 8th cent. in British sources); compare ancient Greek ξανθὴ χολή (Hippocrates), Hellenistic Greek πυρρὰ χολή (Galen)] now historical bile (as one of the four humours of ancient and medieval physiology).
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xi. 910 Garleke..bredeþ [sone] reed colera.]
c1415 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Corpus Oxf.) (1872) B §14. l. 4118 Þis dreme..Cometh of þe grete superfluite Of ȝoure reede colre [c1405 Ellesmere Colera, c1415 Lansd. coloure, c1425 Petworth Colere]..Which causeþ folk to dremen here dreemes Of arwes and of fuyre with reede leemes.
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. xxii. f. 38v Oximell..is vsed to be taken, where in the stomacke is moche fleume or matter vndygested, so that it be not redde choler.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta 28 It [sc. malmesey] is conuenient for all cold bodies; but for such as are hot, it is greatly hurtfull, because it is very easily conuerted into red choler.
1736 tr. L. Luisini Aphrodisiacus i. 44 In his sixth he gives us a Case of a Person in whom a large Quantity of red Choler engender'd in the Liver, was after thrown out upon the Skin, and exulcerated the same.
1977 Speculum 52 544 To Holcot's statement on dreams caused by superabundance of red choler..Chaucer adds details which heighten the effectiveness of Pertelote's remarks.
red-cook v. [after red-cooking n.] transitive to prepare (meat or fish) by red-cooking.
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1972 K. Lo Chinese Food i. 23 We red-cook it [sc. fish], quick-fry it, clear-simmer it, deep-fry it, steam it, and hot-plunge it.
2000 Independent on Sunday 20 Feb. (Review Suppl.) 44/1 I now red-cook everything in sight, because, well, because it's so bloody simple.
red-cooking n. [after Chinese hóngshāo to braise in soy sauce, lit. ‘to cook red’ ( < hóng red + shāo to burn, heat, cook)] a form of Chinese cookery in which meat or fish is fried quickly and then stewed in soya sauce.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > boiling > stewing > frying and stewing
brochette1706
red-cooking1945
1945 B. Y. Chao How to cook & eat in Chinese i. vi. 40 Red-cooking is stewing with soy sauce, some materials needing pre-frying, some not. It is so-called because the soy-sauce juice gives a reddish color.
1972 K. Lo Chinese Food i. 12 In red-cooking the meat or poultry is first quick-fried and then simmered in broth or water along with soya sauce.
1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 262 Chinese ‘red cooking’ is a term generally applied to cooking with dark soy sauce.
red core n. (also red core disease) Plant Pathology a disease of strawberries caused by the fungus Phytophthora fragariae, which causes the roots to rot off from the tip upwards, the central part being often stained a deep red.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > fruit or fruit plants
leaf curl1850
fly-speck1855
vine-mildew1855
vine-fungus1857
leaf blister1858
blister1864
peach-blister1866
charbon1882
crown rot1888
melanose1888
plum pocket1888
peach leaf curl1890
brown rot1894
mummy1902
sooty blotch1909
rhubarb disease1911
spur blight1915
red core1936
sclerotinia1950
Sigatoka1958
1930 Times 22 Sept. 17/3 Many of the roots have a red core, which has become the growers test for the disease.]
1936 Ann. Rep. E. Malling Res. Station 1935 144 The roots of the affected [strawberry] plants showed the ‘red core’.
1952 E. Ramsden tr. E. Gram & H. Weber Plant Dis. iii. 364/1 No method of soil treatment has proved effective against red-core disease.
1999 D. Ingram & N. Robertson Plant Dis. iv. 86 Examination of the roots showed a dark red discoloration of the xylem, and the disease was named ‘red-core’ (‘red stele disease’ in the USA).
red corpuscle n. Medicine and Biology = red blood cell n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > components of blood > blood corpuscle or plate > [noun] > red cells or corpuscles
globule1674
red corpuscle1747
red blood disc1835
red cell1843
red blood corpuscle1844
pneumocyte1872
poikilocyte1886
haematid1888
normoblast1889
polychromatic normoblast1899
normocyte1900
spherocyte1908
polychrome1909
siderocyte1915
reticulocyte1922
proerythroblast1927
target cell1938
acanthocyte1952
sideroblast1954
1747 B. Robinson Diss. Food & Discharges Human Body 16 To know the bigness of the red Corpuscles of healthful arterial Blood, one must allow for their Density.
1871 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 22 361 The chemical and formal structure of the red corpuscle.
1993 V. Sage Mirror for Larks 346 The Indian of the high Sierras has a..red corpuscle count up from five to about eight million, and a much slower heart rate.
red country n. land consisting of large tracts of red earth or sand, esp. in Australia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > sandy
sandsa1547
red country1714
1714 Atlas Geographus IV. x. 371/2 Here he says the Coast turns like a Bow, and that the S. Side faces a Red Country, so called from the Colour of the Rocks which are about it.
1861 J. Petherick Egypt, Soudan & Central Afr. 267 He marched to its western confines, near Farsha, in Dar Hamr, or the Red Country, so called from the tint of its soil.
1936 A. Russell Gone Nomad viii. 60 You will see the great ‘Red Country’ of the West Darling in the big seven years' drought of 1897–1903.
2000 Land (N. Richmond, New S. Wales) 1 June (Trader section) 31/1 (advt.) Mainly soft red country with natural timbers of bimble box, bloodwood, whitewood and ironwood.
Red Crescent n. (originally) the Turkish ambulance society identified and symbolized by a red crescent; (in later use) the equivalent of the Red Cross (red cross n. 3b) in Muslim countries. [After Ottoman Turkish Hilāl-i Aḥmer, Turkish Hilal-i Ahmer ( < Arabic hilāl crescent + Persian -i, suffix connecting a noun to its qualifier + Arabic aḥmar red) in contemporary names of the organization: originally Osmanli Hilāl-i Aḥmer Cem‘iyeti (1877), later Türkiye Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti (1923); compare Turkish Kızılay ( < kızıl red, crimson + ay moon) in the modern names of the organization: Türkiye Kızılay Cemiyeti (1935), Türkiye Kızılay Derneği (1947). In recent use partly directly after Arabic al-Hilāl al-Aḥmar ‘Red Crescent’, which in this sense is ultimately based on the use of the phrase in Ottoman Turkish.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [noun] > ambulance service > Red Cross or Crescent
red cross1869
Red Crescent1877
1877 H. Ponsonby Let. 6 Sept. in A. Ponsonby Henry Ponsonby (1942) 376 The Red Cross or Crescent is a valuable association in its attempts to protect the sick and wounded in time of war.
1897 C. Bigham With Turkish Army in Thessaly iii. 24 Of the two medical services the Red Crescent was excellent.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 552/1 The League of Red Cross Societies (founded 1919) is a federation of national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies.
1976 G. Seymour Glory Boys ii. 23 The big tanks had rumbled into..Nablus. He recalled..the wail of the Red Crescent ambulances.
1996 Economist 20 July 62/3 The Red Cross, the Red Crescent and other agencies do their best to keep malnutrition at bay.
red curry n. any of various curry dishes having a reddish colour; spec. a type of Thai curry which takes its colour from a seasoning mixture containing red chillies (cf. red curry paste n.).
ΚΠ
1881 Friends Rev. 19 Mar. 501/2 A pail full of red curry appeared, which was ladled out, a portion for each.
1919 Chicago Tribune 27 July vi. 8/1 Red curry. To the pork curry recipe add with the water one-half cup of tomato paste.
1981 N.Y. Times 5 June c16/2 Various curry styles are native to the Thai kitchen and red curries here are the most incendiary.
2001 R. Carmack & S. Nabnian Thai Home Cooking 60 Although green curry is one of the most popular dishes in the West, red curry is more popular in Thailand because it is more versatile.
red curry paste n. a seasoning mixture used in Thai cookery, containing red chillies and other piquant ingredients, such as lemongrass, garlic, galangal, and coriander, ground into a smooth paste.
ΚΠ
1981 Los Angeles Times 10 Sept. viii. 24 Hugh Lawrence's Thai curry... ¼cup Thai red curry paste.
2007 Olive May 103/1 House specialities include hor moak—salmon and broccoli marinated in red curry paste and steamed in banana leaves.
Red Data Book n. a book giving details of threatened animals or plants, esp. in a particular country or region.
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1965 Copeia No. 1. 125/1 Summary sheets [of endangered fish species]..will be made for inclusion in the Red Data Book (now containing only summaries for birds and mammals).
1987 D. B. Shirt Brit. Red Data Bks.: 2. Insects p. vii Red Data Books or Red Lists..are now an established method of determining priorities in the conservation of individual animal and plant species.
2005 Endeavour 29 115/1 Scott and his fellow members of the IUCN envisioned a range of specialist groups, each of which would assemble data on a particular group of animals for the Red Data Book.
† red drops n. Obsolete any of several medicinal cordials, esp. red lavender.
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1759 A. Battam Lady's Assistant 225 To make the bitter red drops. Mrs. Johnson. Take two ounces of gentian, four drams of cochineal, two drams of snake-root, bruise all these to powder; then take the rinds of twelve Seville oranges pared thin; put all these into a quart of brandy.
1826 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias 477 Ward's Red Drops, see Vinum Antimonii Tartariz.
1883 O. E. A. Schreiner Story of Afr. Farm 107 She smiled kindly at Bonaparte..quickly returning with a bottle of red drops in her hand. ‘They are very good for “benaawdheit”; my mother always drinks them,’ she said.
1891 J. H. Kellogg Househ. Monitor of Health 370 Hunter's Red Drops.—Corrosive sublimate 10 gr...muriatic acid 12 drops, compound spirits of lavender 1 oz.
red duster n. (also with capital initials) slang (Nautical) = Red Ensign n. 1; cf. red rag n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > naval or merchant
pavilion1572
blue flag1613
jack1633
white ensign1676
Red Ensign1720
Blue Ensign1745
red flag1757
red rag1809
Union Jack1832
duster1904
red duster1914
1914 Atlanta Constit. 10 June 12/2 The economical tramp ship flying what the English sailorman affectionately calls the old red duster.
1928 Daily Express 10 Aug. 15/1 His papers have not yet come through allowing him to fly the White Ensign, so, meanwhile, the Vita sails under the ‘red duster’.
1977 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 125 216/1 Today even the Red Duster is to some extent a flag of convenience.
2001 Independent 19 Sept. 2/8 Few merchant vessels fly the ‘Red Duster’... All in the name of globalisation.
red envelope n. = red packet n.
ΚΠ
1923 H. A. Franck Wandering in Northern China xii. 226 No sooner had we distributed a dozen silver dollars in red envelopes among the servants than they despatched the ama to get us presents.
2006 Guardian 28 Jan. i. 19/4 Compared with the last year of the dog, Beijingers have more money to indulge in the Spring Festival customs of feasting, drinking baijiou and treating children with red envelopes.
red ettin n. (also with capital initials) [ < red adj. + eten n.] originally Scottish a kind of monster; (also) a bloodthirsty or bad-tempered person.
ΚΠ
1528 D. Lindsay Dreme 45 Mony vther plesand storye Off the reid etin, and the gyir carlyng.
a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 160 The Guisians, and the rest of these monstruus Read-eattins in France, quha celebrat that bludie drunken feast of Bartholomew in Paris.
1821 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Apr. 351/2 Sic red-aitens, whase moolie geir is atween them an' their wits.
1878 J. L. Robertson Poems 91 Lauchs till himsel', an' nods his pow, An' chuckles like a wee red etyn.
1973 M. Dean-Smith in V. Newall Witch Figure iii. 60 He compared it with the vernacular story of the Red Ettin.
red figure n. Archaeology a type of Greek pottery devised in Athens in the late 6th cent. b.c. in which a red clay ground is reserved to create the figures, with details and features delineated in black paint, the background then being filled in with black; chiefly attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [adjective] > specific designs
black-figured1825
red-figured1840
willow-patterned1857
hawthorn1866
armorial1871
red figure1881
goat and bee1899
tobacco-leaf1969
1840 E. C. Gray Tour to Sepulchres of Etruria i. 50 I will merely note here four grand differences of style in these vases... Thirdly, the red figures with the most spirited and elegant form of men and women.]
1881 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 2 57 The drawing is of the period which is known as that of the finest red figure style.
1918 J. D. Beazley Attic Red-figured Vases Amer. Museums i. 5 The earliest red-figure vases are mostly amphorae or cups.
1936 Burlington Mag. May 253/1 Amongst the fifth-century red-figure vases there are many of high artistic merit.
2007 Art in Amer. May 65/2 Medici sent 20 Attic red figure plates to America.
red flannel n. (a) flannel dyed red and formerly used esp. for underwear, nightwear, etc.; chiefly attributive designating a garment made from this cloth; (b) (in plural, colloquial) a garment made from red flannel .
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > with open or loose texture > flannel > types of > other
plaina1600
red flannel1770
peat flannel1898
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > made from specific material > wool > types of
russeta1450
raploch1535
russetinga1588
sheep's russet1590
hodden grey1725
flannels1888
woolly1899
loden1911
red flannel1940
1770 T. Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer (ed. 3) II. viii. 52 He ran, and carry'd in his hand The royal ensign of command, An old red flannel petticoat, That once belong'd a dame of note.
1860 Times 15 Sept. 10/1 Most of us wear no linen.., the red flannel shirt answering all purposes of outward and inward raiment.
1906 E. Nesbit Railway Children vi. 137 ‘How lucky we did put on our red flannel petticoats!’ said Phyllis.
1940 L. I. Wilder Long Winter ix. 80 It's too hot for my red flannels, Ma!
2008 Western Daily Press (Bristol) (Nexis) 8 Mar. 2 According to top medics of the time, red flannel had hidden and almost magical properties.
red flannel hash n. U.S. regional (chiefly New England) a hash (hash n.1 1a) made with beetroot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > other vegetable dishes
moose1568
bubble and squeak1762
poipoi1769
smash1785
poi1798
chartreuse1806
mescal1831
bhaji1832
luau1843
stelk1843
macédoine1846
peyote1849
chiffonade1877
mirepoix1877
munyeroo1878
tzimmes1892
maror1893
red flannel hash1902
subgum1902
Roquefort salad1907
caponata1931
pakora1932
Imam Bayildi1935
ratatouille niçoise1938
cauliflower cheese1940
vegeburger1945
saag aloo1967
githeri1973
aloo gobi1974
1902 Arena June 642 They fed their guests with baked beans and ‘red flannel’ hash, and acted charades from the Bible.
1951 E. M. Graham My Window looks down East vii. 59 She had a real hankerin' for red-flannel hash.
1977 J. Cheever Falconer 60 His mother..served the red flannel hash with poached eggs.
2005 Restaurants & Inst. (Electronic ed.) 15 Sept. Diced beets and aged Gouda lend color and flavor to Chef-owner John Bubala's red flannel hash at Thyme in Chicago.
red fly n. Angling a kind of artificial fly which is predominantly red in colour (see quot. 1787).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iv. xvi. 513 All sorts of flies made of silke and feathers so liuely,..of which there are diuers, as the dunne flie, the stone flie, the red flie, [etc.].
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 110 The Red-fly comes on about the middle of February..it's wings are made artificially of a dark drake's feather, the body of the red part of squirrel's fur, with the red hackle of a cock.
1853 H. W. Herbert Amer. Game 131 The flies especially recommended for this month, imitations of the natural insects, are the red fly, blue dun, [etc.].
2006 News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) (Nexis) 4 Nov. c2 Orange and red flies in size 3 are working well, as well as dark-colored flies.
red friar n. †(a) [so called on account of the red cross on a Templar's mantle] Scottish a member of the Order of the Temple; a Templar (obsolete); (b) [so called on account of the cross on the scapular worn by a Trinitarian] = Trinitarian n. 1 (now historical and rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > Trinitarian > [noun]
red friara1538
Trinitarian1628
Mathurin1693
Trinitary1693
a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 81v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rede-Frere [The Templars] at we call reid freris. First thai wsit quhit mantillis eftirwert thai bure ane reid cros.
1609 J. Skene tr. Burrow Lawes in Regiam Majestatem 140 b Na templair (Reid Freir..) sall intromet with any merchandise..perteining to the Gilde.
1762 R. Forbes Jrnls. Episcopal Visitations (1886) 178 Dornock of old was a Monastry of Red Friars.
a1773 A. Butler Lives Saints (1780) XI. 374 The Trinitarians were sometimes called in England Red-Friars, for though their habit is white, they wear a red and blue cross patée upon their scapular.
1889 W. Lockhart Church Scotl. in 13th Cent. iv. 25 In the Diocese of Dunkeld..lived one Galfridus Liverance.., a monk of the order of Red Friars.
1978 C. Platt Medieval Eng. ii. 72 The Franciscans, the Dominicans, and the Austin friars had already been joined in England by the Carmelites.., the Trinitarians (Red Friars), and the short-lived orders of Pied Friars (Friars of the Blessed Mary).
† red fustian n. slang Obsolete dark red alcoholic drink; red wine; port.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > red wine
red wineOE
redc1400
ruby1671
vino tinto1673
red fustian1699
rouge1786
vinho tinto1835
vin rouge1917
vino rosso1949
tinto1958
vino nero1968
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Red-fustian, Clarret or red Port-Wine.
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Red fustian, port wine.
1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood I. i. viii. 209 Famous wine this..better than all your red fustian.
1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms 455/2 Red fustian, Applied to both porter and port wine.
red gland n. Zoology (in fishes) a gland in the wall of a swim bladder which secretes gas into the bladder for increased buoyancy; (also esp. formerly) the rete mirabile that supplies this gland; both of these structures together; cf. red body n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > air bladder or parts of
sound1323
swimmer1579
wind-bladder1594
rete1615
swim1638
air bladder1675
swimming-bladder1713
air duct1744
red body1785
swim-bladder1837
fish-maw1840
fish-sound1879
maw1883
red gland1896
1896 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 30 550 The red glands occupy about the anterior half of the internal surface of the ventral wall of the swim-bladder.
1926 H. M. Kyle Biol. Fishes xi. 276 The fish is able to exercise some selection of gases, and the ‘red glands’ or retia mirabilia of the Physoclists are evidently used for this purpose.
1931 J. R. Norman Hist. Fishes ix. 174 The walls of the bladder are richly supplied with fine blood-vessels, and at certain areas these are accumulated to form the so-called red bodies or red glands, masses of interlacing and tightly packed arteries and veins.
1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xv. 368 The rete mirabile here [in teleosts] produces gas, which the red gland secretes into the gas bladder.
red gravy n. U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland) = red-eye gravy n. at red-eye n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > gravy > [noun] > types of
made gravy1730
jus1847
red gravy1887
au jus1903
red-eye gravy1931
sambar1957
1887 Lowell (Mass.) Weekly Sun 19 Feb. 6/4 There was old ham, the sort that makes red gravy.
1950 M. L. Coit John C. Calhoun i. 10 Breakfast would be a hearty meal: ham and red gravy, fried eggs, grits, and milk.
2003 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 10 Aug. j9 Country singers and greatest-hits albums go together like ham and red gravy.
red hackle n. Angling a kind of artificial fly with a predominantly red body and dressed with a red hackle feather (cf. hackle n.2 4a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 5 A red Palmer ribbed with gold, and a red hackle mixed with Orenge cruel.
1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) II. x. 302 Red-hackle. Body, red silk and gold twist, and a red cock's hackle.
1853 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Oct. 438/2 We drew from our pocket book a red hackle which certainly imitates nothing in air or water—a pound trout..took the hairy nondescript, and was basketed.
1993 T. Orman 21 Great N.Z. Trout Waters 71 Captain Hamilton called the flies Red Hackle..and Hare's Ear Spider.
red hardness n. Metallurgy the property, exhibited by some steels used for machine tools, of retaining a high degree of hardness up to a low red heat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [noun] > specific
red hardness1907
indentation hardness1918
microhardness1921
Shore hardness1937
1907 Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engin. 28 223 This new property in high speed tools has been very appropriately named ‘red hardness’, because the tool maintains its cutting edge sufficiently sharp and hard to cut steel even after its nose is red hot.
1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms x. 100 The property of red hardness is the one sought.
1999 Materials Characterizat. 43 41/1 The special features of these [high-speed] steels are: high hardness, strength and red hardness, combined with a correspondingly high toughness.
red hartshorn n. now historical = red lavender n.
ΚΠ
1821 S. F. Gray Suppl. Pharmacopœia 354 Lavender drops. Red hartshorn. Spiritus lavandulæ compositus.
1845 A. J. Cooley Cycl. Pract. Receipts 752/1 Tincture of Lavender (Compound). Syn. Lavender Drops,..Red Lavender, Red Lavender Drops, Red Hartshorn.
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal (1967) II. 472/1 In the eighteenth century, this preparation was known as ‘palsy drops’ and as ‘red hartshorn’.
† red hay n. regional Obsolete mow-burnt hay.
ΚΠ
1796 W. Marshall Provincialisms W. Devonshire in Rural Econ. W. Eng. I. 329 Red hay, mowburnt hay; in distinction to ‘green hay’, or hay which has taken a moderate heat; and to ‘vinny hay’, or that which is mouldy.
red hide n. [apparently after Old Russian krasnaja koža high-quality leather, lit. ‘red leather’ (second half of the 16th cent.)] now historical a kind of skin or leather produced esp. in Russia.
ΚΠ
1558 A. Jenkinson in R. Hakluyt Principal Navigations (1599) I. 326 The chiefest commodities that the Russes bring thither are redde hides, redde sheepes skinnes,..with corne, bacon, and other victuals.
1710 C. Whitworth Acct. Russia (1758) 83 The English export chiefly hemp..red-hides and caviar; the two last to Leghorne.
1791 J. Payne Universal Geogr. II. 41/2 The exports by the English from Russia are..wax, tar, red hides, iron, and caviar.
1931 F. R. Dulles Eastward Ho! ii. v. 48 Indians from Bengal brought to Bokhara cambrics and muslins to exchange for the red hides of Russia.
1999 R. Hellie Econ. & Material Culture Russia 278 Red hide and red Russia leather are curious commodities. One gets the strong suspicion..that these were made from members of the bovine family.
red Jew n. (also with capital initial) now historical a member of a legendary (Jewish) sect associated with the apocalyptic destruction of the Christian world. The legend arose in medieval Germany with the red Jews being variously identified as Gog and Magog, the ten Lost Tribes of Israel, or the peoples enclosed by Alexander the Great behind a large wall in the Caucasus Mountains.
ΚΠ
1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxiiiv Methodius called thys people Redde Iewes because they have borowed some ceremonyes of..Iewes.
1810 H. Weber Metrical Romances III. 325 The people inclosed are named the red Jews, and the height of the mountains which confine them, is said to equal that of the rainbow.
1996 A. C. Gow Red Jews iv. 66 The Red Jews are, in a sense, the Ten Tribes; like the Ten Tribes, they are generally identified with Gog and Magog.
red judge n. originally Criminals' slang a judge; spec. a high court judge.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > of superior court
justicec1300
Lord Justice1511
justiciary?1531
justicer1535
justiciarc1575
ordinary1607
red judge1854
1854 Legal Observer 11 Nov. 24/2 It is a common saying among those people, that they would rather be tried by a ‘Red Judge’, which means that the would rather be tried at the Assizes.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Aug. 10/1 The ‘Red Judges’, as the criminal class call her Majesty's judges.
1963 ‘J. Prescot’ Case for Hearing viii. 125 There's precious little point in letting him out on bail when a red judge is going to send him back again for at least a couple of years.
2000 C. J. Holburn et al. Healthcare Professionals as Witnesses to Court i. 26 A High Court judge is often referred to as a ‘red judge’ because his formal attire is coloured red (and black).
Red Knife n. [after Woods Cree miθkohkoma·n, lit. ‘red metal (i.e. copper), red knife’ (second half of the 18th cent. as Mithcocoman), with reference to the copper implements made by this people] now historical and rare a member of a North American Indian people, a regional group of Chipewyan Indians living north of Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada in the 18th and 19th centuries, later and more commonly referred to as Yellowknife Indians (cf. also copper-Indian n. at copper n.1 Compounds 3); frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1785 P. Pond Map presented by Peter Pond to Lord Hamilton in H. R. Wagner Peter Pond (1955) Red Knife People.
1870 L. H. Morgan Syst. Consanguinity ii. v. 233 The Red Knives..occupy a strip of country running northward from Great Slave Lake.
1952 J. R. Swanton Indian Tribes N. Amer. (U.S. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. Bull. No. 145) 603 Red-knife Indians, referring to copper.
red lamp n. a lamp with red glass, used (a) †as the sign of a doctor (obsolete) (b) as the sign of a brothel (in later use, chiefly attributive; cf. red light n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [noun] > signs of medical services
red lamp1785
red cross1866
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel > sign of brothel
red lamp1785
red light1891
red lantern1909
1785 Times 22 Oct. 2/1 (advt.) A Red Lamp over the Door [of a doctor's establishment].
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xiv. 225 I saw her look towards his [sc. a surgeon's] infernal red lamp.
1846 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 595/1 Almost any serial will give hints enough to an acute boy, [and]..guide him to the door with the red lamp.
1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 96 The red lamp as the sign of a ‘maison tolérée’.
1962 H. Myers tr. B. Pingaud Holland 51 The dirty little canals near the harbour in the ‘red lamp’ district.
1994 E. L. Doctorow Waterworks 17 Greene Street was known for its prostitutes—a red-lamp street.
red lane n. colloquial the throat, perceived as the route by which food enters the stomach; esp. in down the red lane.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [noun]
rakeeOE
cudeOE
weasanda1000
chelc1000
throatOE
garget13..
gorgec1390
oesophagusa1398
meria1400
oesophagea1400
swallowa1400
cannelc1400
gull1412
channelc1425
halsec1440
gully1538
encla?1541
stomach?1541
lane1542
weasand-pipe1544
throttlea1547
meat-pipe1553
gargil1558
guttur1562
cropc1580
gurgulio1630
gule1659
gutter lane1684
red lane1701
swallow-pipe1786
neck1818
gullet-pipe1837
foodway1904
1701 T. D'Urfey Bath v. iii. 51 Charles. Ah—He swallows it as the Gods swallow'd Nectar. Hareb. Down the red Lane, down the red Lane; so merrily runs the Fox down the red Lane.
1778 G. Huddesford Warely ii. 22 My spacious Red Lane will afford a smooth passage, To a sav'ry Bologna, or spic'd Oxford Sausage.
1821 M. Wilmot Let. 17 Jan. in More Lett. (1935) 92 To flourish down the red Lane the most magnificent supper that Gourmands ever guttled.
1870 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Mar. 165 The tarts e'er this have gone down the red lane!
1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited i. ii. 43 One, two, three, four, down the red lane they go.
1997 Daily Tel. 25 Aug. 16/1 I now understand better than I did where some of our spending goes. It goes down the red lane, as nanny used to say.
red lantern n. = red light n. 2; frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel > sign of brothel
red lamp1785
red light1891
red lantern1909
1909 I. L. Nascher Wretches of Povertyville v. 89 The Parisian licensed brothel has a red lantern with the number of the house over the door.
1958 L. Durrell Mountolive xv. 286 The quarter lying beyond the red lantern belt.
1973 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 11 Aug. 7/3 He was on the loose and cutting a swathe in the red lantern district.
2005 Courier Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 17 Dec. h4 In the ‘red lantern’ district of Kabuki-cho, I was advised, it's best not to talk to anyone who tries to talk you into a night club.
red lavender n. now historical a cordial containing tincture of lavender and rosemary, with cinnamon, nutmeg, and red sanders (and sometimes other ingredients), used esp. in the treatment of nervous disorders.
ΚΠ
1827 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 27 10 Fainting was only prevented by small doses of red lavender, frequently given me.
1859 J. Pardoe Life Struggle I. 299 Red lavender, four or five times a-day, in doses of ten drops; nothing more will be necessary.
2003 Internat. Jrnl. Aromatherapy 13 22/1 Wilkie Collins presents a detailed account of the use and effects of red lavender.
Red Leicester n. a firm-textured, orange-coloured, full-milk cheese with a mild flavour, of a type originally made in Leicestershire; = Leicester n. b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese
goat cheeseOE
green cheesec1390
rowen cheesea1425
bred-cheesec1440
hard cheesec1470
ruen cheese1510
parmesan1538
spermyse1542
angelot1573
cow-cheese1583
goat's cheese1588
Cheshire Cheese1597
eddish-cheese1615
nettle cheese1615
aftermath cheese1631
marsolini1636
Suffolk cheese1636
Cheddar cheesea1661
rowen1673
parmigianoa1684
raw-milk cheesea1687
fleet cheese1688
sage-cheese1714
Rhode Island cheese1733
Stilton cheese1736
Roquefort cheese1762
American cheese1763
fodder cheese1784
Old Peg1785
blue cheese1787
Dunlop cheese1793
Wiltshire1794
Gloucester1802
Gruyère1802
Neufchâtel1814
Limburger cheese1817
Dunlop1818
fog cheese1822
Swiss cheese1822
Suffolk thumpa1825
Stilton1826
skim dick1827
stracchino cheese1832
Blue Vinney1836
Edam1836
Schabzieger1837
sapsago1846
Munster1858
mysost1861
napkin cheese1865
provolone1865
Roquefort1867
Suffolk bang1867
Leicester1874
Brie1876
Camembert1878
Gorgonzola1878
Leicester cheese1880
Port Salut1881
Wensleydale1881
Gouda1885
primost1889
Cantal1890
Suisse1891
bondon1894
Petit Suisse1895
Gervais1896
Lancashire1896
Pont l'Évêque1896
reggiano1896
Romano1897
fontina1898
Caerphilly cheese1901
Derby cheese1902
Emmental1902
Liptauer1902
farmer cheese1904
robiola1907
gjetost1908
reblochon1908
scamorza1908
Cabrales1910
Jack1910
pimento cheese1910
mozzarella1911
pimiento cheese1911
Monterey cheese1912
processed cheese1918
Tillamook1918
tvorog1918
anari1919
process cheese1923
Bel Paese1926
pecorino1931
Oka1936
Parmigiano–Reggiano1936
vacherin1936
Monterey Jack1940
Red Leicester1940
demi-sel1946
tomme1946
Danish blue1948
Tilsit1950
St.-Maure1951
Samsoe1953
Havarti1954
paneer1954
taleggio1954
feta1956
St. Paulin1956
bleu cheese1957
Manchego1957
Ilchester1963
Dolcelatte1964
chèvre1965
Chaource1966
Windsor Red1969
halloumi1970
Montrachet1973
Chaumes1976
Lymeswold1981
cambozola1984
yarg1984
1940 S. Sitwell Sacred & Profane Love vi. 252 After this comes an ordinary or eating house. The slate reads: ‘giblet soup, roast ribs of beef, Cheddar or red Leicester cheese, cheap oysters, Colchester or Whitstable, Cornish or Dutch Zeeland, jellied or smoked eels’.
1966 Grocer 5 Nov. (Suppl.) 13/2 Film wrapped varieties: White and coloured Scotch Cheddar,..Double Gloucester, Red Leicester.
1972 G. Chapman et al. Monty Python's Flying Circus (1989) II. xxxiii. 142 I'm afraid we're fresh out of Red Leicester, sir.
1988 P. Rance Great Brit. Cheese Bk. v. 53 A Red Leicester and a Double Gloucester have little noticeable difference from each other.
2003 Washington Post (Nexis) 14 Jan. f1 What Kenneth likes to eat most is Red Leicester cheese in a bowl, which he has every day for lunch.
red liquor n. now historical a mordant solution for red dyes, typically a basic solution containing aluminium acetate.
ΚΠ
1803 T. Smith Wonders Nature & Art IV. i. 131 In this state, they receive their first dye, by dipping them in a red liquor, prepared with lac, and some other ingredients.
1844 E. A. Parnell Appl. Chem. I. 280 Red liquor is much more extensively employed as a mordant than any other preparation of alumina.
1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) vi. 157 The analogous aluminic acetate is known only in solution, and finds a wide application as ‘red liquor’ mordant in calico printing and dyeing.
2000 R. Chenciner Madder Red xii. 229 It was necessary to subject the textile to a preparatory treatment before dyeing. This was traditionally done by means of a mordant known as ‘red liquor’, which consisted of alum with a certain content of clay.
red list n. (also red data list) Biology a list of threatened animal or plant species; cf. Red Data Book n.
ΚΠ
1964 Auk 81 (end matter) (advt.) The history of uneasy coexistence with a ‘black list’ of extinct species and a ‘red list’ of endangered species.
1972 Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily News-Miner 11 Mar. 12 The new early warning list (called a ‘Blue List’, to differentiate it from the existing Red List of endangered species) was published in the Society's bi-monthly journal.
2005 Independent 9 May 28/5 The publication today of the new Red Data List for our higher plants, in which the solemn one-in-five warning is contained, is both a magnificent achievement and a watershed.
red magnetism n. Physics (now disused) the magnetism around the north pole of a magnet (formerly regarded as a distinct type of magnetism from that around a south pole); cf. blue magnetism n. at blue adj. and n. Compounds 1d.
ΚΠ
1865 F. J. Evans & A. Smith in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 155 305 To avoid the ambiguity which arises from the use of the terms ‘North’ and ‘South’ magnetism, we shall speak of the magnetism of the north end of the needle and the southern hemisphere of the earth as red magnetism, of the south end of the needle and the northern hemisphere as blue magnetism.
1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 345 A two-fluid theory of magnetism has been evolved... It assumes north fluid or ‘red magnetism’ and a south fluid or ‘blue magnetism’.
1919 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 57 364/2 To overcome the confusion involved by having to consider the earth as a ‘reversed’ magnet, compass adjusters think only of red magnetism and blue magnetism.
red mange n. demodectic mange.
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1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 226 There are foure kindes of Mange, viz, the red Mange, which maketh a dogges legges to swell... Of these manges the red Mange is the worst.
1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting 112 For the red mange, you may use the following.
1845 W. Youatt Dog (1858) 368 In red mange the whole integument is in a state of acute inflammation.
1968 J. F. Gordon Beagle Guide xv. 211 Follicular Mange: this is sometimes known as demodectic mange, or red mange because of the raw, dark red patches.
2000 Cats Oct. 11/2 Red mange, or feline demodicosis (Demodex cati ), is generally rare, and will usually be found only in cats that suffer immune deficient conditions.
red mason n. rare (now historical) a bricklayer.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > builder of walls > bricklayer
brickman1418
brick-masonc1435
bricklayerc1442
bricker1482
troweller1611
trowel-mana1637
red mason1700
bricksetter1811
brickie1847
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. (ed. 3) 237 Whether the White Mason, which is the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mason, which is the Hewer of Brick, be the most Ancient, I know not.
1970 H. Braun Parish Churches vii. 95 Into the sphere of building enters the ‘red mason’ with his pile of bricks.
red mass n. [after French messe rouge (1710 or earlier; now archaic; compare quot. 1687)] a votive Mass, usually one of the Holy Spirit, at which red vestments are worn by the priest; esp. such a mass held to open a term of Court or judicial year.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > kinds of mass > [noun] > using red vestments
red mass1891
1687 tr. G. Brice New Descr. Paris ii. 171 The next day after St. Martin, being the day on which the Parliament [sc. Parlement, in France primarily a Court of Law] opens, there is here a Ceremony... All the Members of that great Court are present, apparelled in Scarlet Robes on that day, and assist at a solemn Mass in the great Hall.]
1891 Weekly Reg. 31 Oct. 547/2 The ‘Red Mass’ once more take its place as the most important function of the legal year.
1896 W. Pater & C. L. Shadwell Gaston de Latour vii. 171 The daily University red mass, De Spiritu Sancto,..said to-day according to the proper course of the season in the chapel of the Sorbonne.
1931 Times 13 Oct. 12/6 The Michaelmas Law Sittings began yesterday... Red Mass was said at Westminster Cathedral.
1967 New Catholic Encycl. XII. 135/2 The Red Mass has also been traditionally identified with the opening of the Sacred Roman Rota, the supreme judicial body of the Catholic Church.
1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 4 Oct. a2/4 President Clinton leaves a Red Mass at Washington's St. Matthew Cathedral on Sunday.
red measures n. Geology = red beds n.
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > secondary or Mesozoic > Triassic-Jurassic
red measures1803
red beds1811
Rhaetic1862
Rhaetian1883
1803 J. Plymley Gen. View Agric. Shropshire i. 65 (table) Red measures.
1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 202/2 The reptiles and reptile tracks in the Red Sandstone of Moray..are now universally considered as belonging to the New Red measures.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles ix. 238 Red measures occur, though not extensively, in Lancashire and are known as the Ardwick Group.
1994 Biogr. Mem. Fellows Royal Soc. 39 420 Silurian fossils..obtained from the Corley Conglomerates in the barren red measures at the top of the Carboniferous of the Warwickshire Coalfield.
red menace n. colloquial (now historical) = red peril n.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > instance or cause of > danger from specific peoples or countries
yellow peril1895
red peril1897
red menace1925
1919 Times 5 Sept. 14/1 Admiral Sir Walter Cowan at Björkö decided to put an end to the Red menace to the Gulf of Finland.]
1925 B. Coan Red Web 6 It is time, right now, to get down to cases about this thing we hear called the ‘red menace’.
1934 R. V. C. Bodley Japanese Omelette xvii. 174 The substance of his words did not confirm the rather pessimistic views of my soldier friends in Changchun on the subject of the ‘Red Menace’.
1977 Times 14 Feb. 17/1 Young..was quick to warn Smith that his efforts to gain U.S. support by invoking the ‘Red menace’ would not succeed.
1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) iii. 69 Low inflation and the attack against the red menace became intertwined.
red metal n. (a) any of various alloys of copper having a reddish colour (now rare); (b) (a collective name for) copper and any of its alloys (also in plural).
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1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 239 The interesting effigy in Westminster abbey, of Will. de Valence, earl of Pembroke (1304), formed of oak, cased with copper, or red metal, enamelled and gilt.
1859 D. A. Wells Princ. & Applic. Chem. (ed. 5) xiii. 379 By varying the proportions..the varieties of brass known as ‘red metal’, ‘pinchbeck’, ‘Muntz’, or sheathing metal, etc., may be obtained.
1890 Cent. Dict. Red-metal, a name given to several metallic compounds, mostly alloys of copper, used in modern silverware.
1958 A. D. Merriman Dict. Metall. 279/2 Red metal, a name by which any kind of brass containing not less than 80% Cu is known.
1999 Econ. Times India (Nexis) 7 May In copper, brass slumped by Rs 50 to Rs 8,650 a quintal on selling pressure. However, other red metals remained steady.
† redmilk n. Obsolete the saffron milk cap, Lactarius deliciosus, an edible fungus which exudes an orange-red latex.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > mushroom > types of
champignon1578
meadow mushroom1597
goat's beard1640
button mushroom1708
flap1744
flab?18..
whitecap1801
nutmeg-boletus1813
blewits1830
mitre mushroom1854
St. George's mushroom1854
springer1860
cheese-room1865
horse mushroom1866
oyster mushroom1875
redmilk1882
beef-steak fungus1886
blusher1887
shaggy cap1894
shaggy mane1895
maitake1905
shiitake1925
oysterc1950
miller1954
porcino1954
saffron milk cap1954
old man of the woods1972
portobello1985
1882 Garden 2 Sept. 207/3 We have the Redmilk with its flaming juice, as safe as bread.
1887 W. D. Hay Elem. Text-bk. Brit. Fungi viii. 101 Lactarius deliciosus; The Redmilk... Flesh thick; juice abundant, orange-red... One of the best of all fungus esculents.
red mist n. chiefly British the apparent physiological effect of a rush of blood to the head in anger or excitement, represented as an impediment to vision; (usually figurative) a fit of extreme rage or violent passion that clouds one's judgement.
ΚΠ
1857 W. M. Thackeray Virginians in Harper's Mag. Dec. 63/2 A choking, dreadful feeling arrested my breath; the ground rocked beneath my feet; a red mist swam before my eyes—I staggered—I fell!
1877 Appletons' Jrnl. Apr. 350 A red mist swam before my eyes, And all the fiery evening skies Seemed stained with blood.
1901 R. Kipling Kim iii. 60 He was led to speak harshly by the Red Mist of anger.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. iv. 52 The blood was pouring into her cheeks, was steaming in her brain, making a red mist before her eyes.
1992 N. Hornby Fever Pitch 57 Shortly before his goal against Newcastle, one of the frequent red mists that plagued him had descended, and he had grabbed a rugged Newcastle defender by the throat and lifted him from the ground.
2002 Mirror 18 Mar. (‘Mania’ section) 3/2 Suffo was then sent off for head-butting scorer McInnes, with the Scot needing six stitches over his eye. Warnock added: ‘We told Santos not to let the red mist come down.’
red muscle n. Physiology and Anatomy skeletal muscle composed of fibres rich in mitochondria and myoglobin, rendering it dark in colour and capable of slow, sustained contraction; a muscle of this kind.
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1860 F. Chance tr. R. Virchow Cellular Pathol. viii. 56 One of the preparations of red muscle which I have placed before you exhibits an appearance which is also pathologically interesting.
1874 Lancet 25 Nov. 736/2 After death the red muscles lose their excitability sooner than the white.
1956 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 52 631 The greater capacity for respiratory metabolism in red muscle, and the greater capacity for anaerobic, glycolytic processes in the white one.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xvii. 303/1 To sustain continual swimming, pelagics have the highest proportion of red muscle among ecological groups of fishes.
Red Ned n. Australian and New Zealand slang inferior red wine or some similar drink.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > class or grade of wine > [noun] > cheap or inferior wine
drum-winea1640
red ink1849
Gladstone (claret)1864
pinkie1897
dago red1906
pinard1917
ink1918
plonk1927
grocer's Graves1931
grocer's wine1931
nelly1941
Red Ned1941
vaaljapie1945
purple death1947
grocer's sherry1958
papsak2004
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 59 Red Ned, cheap red wine.
1941 S. J. Baker N.Z. Slang vii. 62 Such terms for strong drink as..red Ned.
1972 I. Hamilton Thrill Machine xxvi. 120 Jo clutched the glass of Red Ned that I thrust at him.
2003 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 9 Nov. 20 Geoff Howard turned up to a Yarra Valley wine trough-in at Queens Hall last week, only to find himself drenched accidentally with red ned.
red nigger n. North American (derogatory and offensive) a North American Indian.
ΚΠ
1837 R. M. Bird Nick of Woods i. 24 I killed two of the red niggurs, before you could say Jack Robinson.
1893 G. Parker Transl. Savage 34 ‘Indian? Indian? Good God, a red nigger!’ cried General Armour, harshly.
2005 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 17 Sept. a10 You could hear the turmoil in everyone's voice. They were talking about cowboys who wanted to string up a red nigger.
red noise n. [after white noise n.] Mathematics a phenomenon that manifests the greatest variability in some property principally at lower frequencies; the exhibition of a property to a greater degree at lower frequencies; cf. white noise n. 1, pink noise n. at pink n.5 and adj.2 Compounds 2c.Used chiefly with reference to the analysis of statistical phenomena, typically in climatology, geology, or astronomy, less often with reference to signal noise (noise n. 11a) or sound.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > science of sound > [noun] > random noise
white1917
random noise1937
pink noise1961
red noise1961
1961 Ward & Shapiro in Jrnl. Meteorol. 18 642/1 The only other characteristic of these spectra is their resemblance to ‘red noise’, that is, generally higher variance at the lower frequencies (longer periods). [Note] The term ‘red noise’ was suggested by Prof. E. N. Lorenz to describe this phenomenon.
1979 Nature 23 Aug. 672/1 The spectra were calculated using a fast Fourier algorithm, the spectral estimates were smoothed, and a white or red noise null continuum was assumed in a significance testing.
2007 Lincoln (Nebraska) Jrnl. Star (Nexis) 26 Aug. x26 I'm having difficulty concentrating because of too much red noise. I can faintly see the numbers 10 and 17..from left to right on the scoreboard.
red nucleus n. Anatomy and Zoology a nucleus in the tegmentum of the midbrain, dorsal to the substantia nigra, which forms part of the extrapyramidal motor system.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > nuclei
red nucleus1872
nucleus ruber1886
basal ganglia1913
1872 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 30 Nov. 609/1 The superior cerebellar peduncles, after a similar intercrossing, terminate in a grey mass, already described by Stilling as the red nucleus.
1942 F. A. Mettler Neuroanat. xiii. 302 The red nuclei are important extrapyramidal relay stations.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xvi. 586 We may note..the presence in this region in mammals of the red nucleus through which are relayed efferent impulses from the cerebellum.
red oil n. any of various oils of a reddish colour; spec. (a) oleic acid (now rare); (b) a distilled extract of cannabis, containing a high concentration of cannabinoids.
ΚΠ
1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount f. 15 To make oyle of S. Ihons wort, which is called in Venise, and in diuers other places redde oyle.
1724 Quincy's Pharmacopœia Officinalis (ed. 5) iii. ix. 493 Likewise is procured red Oil from the Kernels of Cherries, Peaches, Pine-Nuts, Pistachio Nuts, and Plums.
1863 T. Richardson & H. Watts Chem. Technol. I. iii. 688 Red Oil or Oleic Soap. Campbell Morfit has patented a process for preparing Soap with red oil and Carbonate of Soda.
1896 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 69 544 Toxic Red Oil, C18H24O2, cannabinol.
1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 135/1 The grease-stearin, like much of the unpressed grease, is employed for..the manufacture of red oil (commercial oleic acid).
1969 Sci. Jrnl. Sept. 38/2 Pharmacologists have thought that the inebriating properties of hemp were confined to a particular distillation fraction (the so-called ‘red oil’).
1995 A. Donnay et al. in A. Makhijani et al. Nucl. Wastelands vii. 358 Mixtures [of nitric acid and organic compounds] similar to the one that exploded are sometimes called ‘red-oils’ in the United States.
2007 USA Today (Nexis) 6 Apr. 8 a Ketchum's notes..describe soldiers on ‘red oil’, an especially powerful form of marijuana, who smirked for hours.
red one n. slang (now rare) a gold coin; spec. (in form red 'un) a sovereign.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > (a) gold coin
golds1478
gold coin1533
ruddock1567
red one1568
goldingc1580
pestle of a portigue1598
gold piece1606
yellowhammera1627
yellow boy1654
spanker1663
ridge1667
gold drop1701
spank1725
glistener1818
money-gold1841
canary1851
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings
goldfinch1602
Harry sovereign1615
piece1631
jingle-boya1640
yellow boy1654
quid1661
marigold1663
broad-piece1678
pound piecea1715
gold penny1736
sovereign1817
dragon1827
sov1829
chip?1836
couter1846
thick 'un1848
monarch1851
James1858
skiv1858
Victoria1870
goblin1887
red one1890
Jimmy1899
quidlet1902
Jimmy O'Goblin1931
pound coin1931
1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie 37 Beside all this, ich shall not mis of red ones to haue store.
1890 in A. Barrère & C. Leland Dict. Slang II. 175/1 The youth, her wish obeying, placed a coin down—gently saying—‘There's a red 'un—or in other words “a quid”!’
1901 G. B. Shaw Capt. Brassbound's Conversion ii, in Three Plays for Puritans 265 E'll give huz fawv unnerd red uns.
1981 A. Hewins Dillen iii. 20 I don't think much o' that stone you got. I'll give you a nice red un for it.
red packet n. [after Chinese hóngbāo hongbao n.] a traditional Chinese good luck gift of money presented in a red envelope.
ΚΠ
1890 Folk-lore 1 489 Each of the guests presents the attendant with a red packet containing money.
1956 Times 11 Feb. 8/6 Relatives and friends may visit each other's houses for customary handing over of gifts and the little red packets.
2004 C. K. Tong Chinese Death Rituals ii. 29 The red packet is said to also have the effect of warding-off the negative influences of death.
Red Paint n. [coined by W. K. Moorehead (compare quot. 1913)] attributive designating or relating to an ancient North American Indian people known from burials in which large quantities of red ochre were used. [The following shows independent earlier use referring to a different people:
1890 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 3 115 At the first examination, made before a great number had surrendered, sixty-four (64) gave in their names as Chokonni... Four (4) as Chi-é, or Red-Paint People.
]
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > [noun] > ancient peoples
Hohokam1884
Red Paint1913
Ancestral Puebloan1994
1913 W.K. Moorehead in Amer. Anthropologist 15 42 After careful study of the specimens from the Red-paint graves no difficulty is encountered in distinguishing them from the Algonquian types.
1947 R. P. T. Coffin Yankee Coast 225 Before the dawn and the Dawn People, there were the Red Paint Men.
1970 S. Trueman Intimate Hist. New Brunswick iii. 43 ‘Red Paint’ Indian burial ground dating back 3,500 to 4,000 years; in the bottom of each grave is a covering of red ochre, bright red oxide.
1990 H. Thurston Tidal Life 39/1 I invariably return to shore so smeared and daubed that I look like one of the region's ancestral Red Paint People.
red palmer n. Angling a kind of artificial fly dressed with a red hackle feather (cf. palmer n.1 2b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 5 A red Palmer ribbed with gold, and a red hackle mixed with Orenge cruel.
1766 R. Bowlker Universal Angler 155 The Red Palmer is made of reddish coloured mohair, ribbed with gold twist, and a red hackle over it.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 21 June 6/1 Take, for instance, the ‘red palmer’. Originally meant to represent the ‘woolly bear’ (a caterpillar at least two inches long,) the fly, as now tied, rarely exceeds three quarters of an inch.
2001 Daily Star (Nexis) 21 Sept. 59 The Red Palmer is a good heather fly imitation. Hook is size 10/12 with a tail of red wool.
red palm oil n.
Brit. /ˌrɛd ˈpɑːm ɔɪl/
,
U.S. /ˌrɛd ˈpɑ(l)m ˌɔɪl/
,
West African English /ˌrɛd ˌpam ˈɔjil/
the dark red oil obtained from the pulp of the fruit of the West African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis), by boiling the fruit in water; cf. palm oil n.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fat or oil > [noun] > vegetable oil or margarine
palm oil1625
vegetable oil1651
butter of mace1694
Negro-oil1753
sunflower oil1768
Galam butter1782
vegetable butter1790
vegetable fat1797
winter oil1811
butter substitute1834
red palm oil1836
butter oil1844
shea butter1847
palm butter1848
vegetable lard1859
palm-kernel oil1863
butterine1866
margarine1873
oleomargarine1873
bosch1879
oleo1884
oleo oil1884
vegetable shortening1892
Nucoline1894
almond butter1895
nut butter1896
Nutter1906
marge1919
Maggie Ann1931
sun oil1937
vanaspati1949
maggie1971
canola oil1982
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > palm oil
palm oil1625
Negro-oil1753
red palm oil1836
palm butter1848
palm-kernel oil1863
1836 F. H. Rankin White Man's Grave II. xix. 218 The chamber was perfumed by the humble substitute for a candle; it consisted of a bowl filled with the thick fragrant red palm-oil.
1931 Lancet 14 Mar. 624/2 It would seem possible for such a local product as red palm oil, which is an intensely rich source of vitamin A..to be made widely available at a reasonable price.
2002 Philadelphia Oct. 196/3 Amid the crowded shelves laden with unlabeled spices..one can find authentically African red palm oil.
red-pencil v. transitive (a) to mark or circle (a piece of text, etc.) in red as interesting or noteworthy; (b) to mark in red as erroneous or unacceptable; to correct or delete (a piece of written work).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > practise textual criticism [verb (transitive)] > emend > mark as erroneous
red-pencil1922
1922 T. L. Masson Our Amer. Humorists xxxv. 360 After Jim had red penciled all the promising news stories, he took his writing pad and wrote a brief summary of the stories.
1959 Encounter Dec. 29/1 I have been red-pencilling student papers for a good many years.
1966 Eng. Stud. 47 116 There are many teachers of English who look upon the adjective corny as a word to be red-penciled whenever it turns up in a student paper.
1993 Jet (Nexis) 17 May 12 The President and the first lady red penciled an article in the group's newsletter Focus years ago for him to read and since then, he has been a loyal reader.
1998 N.Y. Times 3 Sept. a28/4 Such preposterous declarations would have been red-penciled by my English professor at the University of Michigan.
red peril n. the political or military threat regarded as emanating from communist organizations or states, esp. (now historical) the Soviet Union.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > instance or cause of > danger from specific peoples or countries
yellow peril1895
red peril1897
red menace1925
1897 Times 21 June 19/4 Nor do I fear the ‘Red peril’, for it rests on Utopian ideas and schemes of spoliation.
1927 Observer 4 Dec. 13/1 We have to guard against the Red Peril on our borders.
1973 Sat. Rev. Society (U.S.) Mar. 48/3 At the end of the Fifties the red peril slunk off.
2002 A. Brogi Question of Self-esteem i. 23 While exaggerating the ‘red peril’ could secure aid, in the postwar years it often made Congressmen..reluctant to grant substantial concessions.
red pill n. any medicinal pill encased in a red coating.
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1736 J. Clutton True & Candid Relation Ward's Pill 112 I took a red Pill, and dissolv'd it in water.
1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 128 Red Pills (i.e. any pills rolled in bole armenic, or vermillion).
1962 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 32 929/1 He had been given a red pill (thought to be phenylbutazone) by his local physician..because of these joint pains.
2005 Seminars Pain Med. 3 4/2 Red pills tend to be interpreted as stimulants and blue pills as tranquilizers.
red-ploughed adj. designating land which has been ploughed so as to expose soil of a red colour.
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1853 A. Smith Life-Drama viii, in Poems 149 I see..a cheerless gleam of red-ploughed lands, O'er which a crow flies heavy in the rain.
1884 Ld. Tennyson Early Spring 3 The Heavenly Power..domes the red-plow'd hills With loving blue.
1939 G. Biddle Amer. Artist's Story 242 Red dirt roads and red-plowed fields, stone farm buildings and split-rail snake fences are parcel of Pennsylvania.
red-polished adj. designating a type of pottery produced in South Asia characterized by a red or orange slip which is burnished to produce a glossy surface.
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1907 O. Toffteen Anc. Chronology Pt. I iii. 257 The most ancient type is a red polished ware with a black top.
1934 V. G. Childe New Light on Most Anc. East iv. 89 Though Black-topped and Red-polished ware continue to be manufactured they are no longer the vehicle for new shapes.
2001 D. T. Potts in I. Al Abed & P. Hellyer United Arab Emirates 55 Rare sherds of Indian Red Polished Ware point to ties with the Indian subcontinent.
† red potter n. Obsolete a potter who makes redware (redware n.2).
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > potter > [noun] > maker of specific type of pottery
pot-maker1548
red potter1756
presser1769
porcelainist1868
pot-builder1890
studio potter1910
1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 89 A fire broke out at the kiln-house of Mr. Lemans, red-potter, at Lambeth.
?1793 Wakefield's Merchant & Tradesman's Gen. Directory for Year 1794 110 Forrester, James, Red Potter, Charterhouse-lane, Deptford.
1843 Times 21 July 2/1 (advt.) To Red Potters.—To be Let, the Right to Manufacture a new Patent Article in the above line.
Red Power n. North American a movement advocating greater rights and political power for North American Indians; usually attributive, esp. in Red Power movement; cf. black power n.
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1968 Ironweed (Mich.) Daily Globe 29 Feb. 12/2 Vine Deloria, Jr., a leader and spokesman of the Red Power movement which seeks self-determination and political independence for the tribal way of life.
1982 E. Kallen Ethnicity & Human Rights Canada viii. 200 Breton..has identified three broad movements of minority ethnic protest operative in Canada: the Québécois Independentist movement, the Multiculturalism movement, and the Red Power movement.
2008 Amer. Indian Q. (Nexis) 22 June 243 Many ex-vets turned to the solidarity and esteem building of pantribal Red Power activism.
red precipitate n. (more fully red precipitate of mercury) [after French mercure precipité rouge red precipitate of mercury (1675 in the source translated in quot. 1676); compare post-classical Latin praecipitatus ruber (1687), mercurius praecipitatus ruber (1722 or earlier)] Chemistry and Medicine (now historical) a red crystalline form of mercuric oxide, HgO, prepared by heating a solution of mercuric nitrate and formerly used medicinally, esp. in ointments for the treatment of chancre and various skin diseases.Quot. 1654 contains a pun on precipitate adj.
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the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > mercury > [noun] > compounds
sublimate1543
precipitate1563
red mercury1582
quicksilver extinct1610
red precipitate1676
mercury fulminate1904
methylmercury1915
mercurochrome1919
mercurial1971
1654 M. Stevenson Occasions Off-spring 31 In Mercurie as Chymick tearmes will ha't, The white's sublime, The red precipitate.]
1676 W. Harris tr. N. de Blégny New & Curious Observ. Venereal Dis. ii. i. 60 They who follow the ordinary Practice in this case, are content to apply Red Precipitate.
1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Arcanum Corallinum, the red Precipitate of Mercury, or Quick-silver, on which well rectify'd Spirit of Wine has been burnt Six times.
1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxxi. 259 Some make their scalding mixture milder, using red precipitate instead of the sublimate.
1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 233 Oxide of mercury..reduced to a fine powder, it is changed to a yellow. It is known in pharmacy as red precipitate.
1962 Science June 761/3 To this point all of the men who had prepared a gas from red precipitate of mercury had identified it with some previously known species.
Red Prince n. [after German roter Prinz, on account of his scarlet hussar uniform] (a nickname for) Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia (1828–85).
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1870 Times 17 Nov. 8/6 A Deus ex machina came forth in the shape of the ‘Red Prince’ at the head of the German Army of Metz.
1888 Random Recoll. Courts & Society vi. 140 The wedding of the Princess of Dessau with Prince Frederick Charles—the Red Prince.
1997 Daily Mail (Nexis) 8 Oct. 22 She was the third daughter of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia known as the Red Prince because his scarlet uniform was always to the fore in battle.
red rain n. rain that is red or reddish in colour because of suspended dust or, rarely, green algae containing a red pigment (cf. red snow n.); (in early use also figurative) blood.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > with suspended particles or pollution
red rain?1660
yellow rain1755
blood rain1772
acid rain1845
sulphur rain1882
?1660 T. Jordan Divinity & Morality sig. §3v May the red Rain which our rude wrath let fall In num'rous showres of vengeance National, Be all wash'd out.
1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III xvii. 11 How that red rain hath made the harvest grow!
1885 H. G. Seeley Phillips's Man. Geol. (new ed.) I. ii. 18 In the Arctic regions minute spherical particles of iron are sometimes brought down from the air in snow... A like cause must account for the red rain which fell at Blankenburg in 1819.
1904 G. S. West Treat. Brit. Freshwater Algæ 189 The curious phenomenon known as ‘Red Rain’ owes its colour in a few instances to the presence of this Alga [sc. Sphærella lacustris].
1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 258 In earlier times, the mysterious red rains that still are reported periodically in the world's press as ‘rains of blood’ were once believed..to have been the very menstrual blood of the moon goddess.
red reflex n. Ophthalmology the appearance of light reflected from the back of the eye as a red glow in the pupil, esp. in ophthalmoscopy (cf. red-eye n. 5); an instance of this.
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the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > reactions to tests
red reflex1864
jaw-jerk1886
pseudoreaction1897
Weil–Felix reaction1919
Schultz–Charlton1922
Kolmer–Wassermann1925
Prausnitz–Küstner1929
1864 R. B. Carter in tr. A. Zander Ophthalmoscope 16 (note) Nothing has been seen in this way but the red reflex of the fundus.
1954 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) vii. 94 If the fundus reflex is seen as a uniform red glow (the red reflex), the eye is emmetropic or approximately so.
1991 Parents Oct. 78/2 We look for this so-called red reflex because an abnormal result could indicate the presence of a cataract or a detached retina.
red revolution n. (frequently with capital letter on the first element) a socialist or communist revolution.
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1848 Aberdeen Jrnl. 23 Aug. 3/5 [In Ireland] the Green would soon have become a Red revolution.
1871 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Jan. 8/2 The open attempt at a Red revolution made but a few days hence by the National Guard.
1919 Times 7 Oct. 4/3 That I was prepared to create a Red Revolution in England..is something which I have never said.
1946 Chicago Sunday Tribune 4 Aug. f10/2 Those milk and water little pinkies who get an intellectual thrill basking in the rosy penumbra of Red revolution.
2001 Albion 33 366 Not with the discourse of red revolution but with the mild tones of ethical socialism.
Red Riding Hood adj. [ < the name of the character Red Riding Hood in the fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood] designating a type of cape with a hood, esp. one which is red and often short or mid-length.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [adjective] > cloak, mantle, or cape
scabilonious1577
paludamental1652
Red Riding Hood1844
1844 M. F. Tupper Crock of Gold xii. 97 How that little red-riding-hood cloak, and the simple cottage hat tied down upon her cheeks..pretty Grace how well all these became thee!
1936 N. Streatfeild Ballet Shoes vii. 110 Pauline wore shorts and a shirt, and Petrova an apron and a red-riding-hood cloak over her frock.
1966 M. Steen Looking Glass i. 14 I was taken to parties..in my Red Ridinghood cape.
2007 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 6 Mar. 25 The only real dose of electric colour was a gorgeous little red riding hood cape coat.
red rise n. U.S. regional (Texas) a stream that is reddish in colour because of suspended red soil.
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1881 Texas: Her Resources & Capabilities (S. Western Immigration Co.) 51 The ‘red rises’ always come from the Staked Plain and the Panhandle. Their peculiar red sediment can come only from that region.
1916 H. Y. Benedict & J. A. Lomax Bk. of Texas iii. i. 68 Woe to the clothes of any one who accidentally falls into the turbid waters of a red rise, for they shall remain red despite much subsequent washing in clear waters.
2006 R. D. Chrisman Cathedral Ledge xii. 306 Shouldering Marilyn's pack, Alice jogged north along the red rise.
Red Rock Fault n. Geology (the name of) a fault in Permian red beds, forming part of the boundary of the Cheshire Basin.
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fault > specific fault
Red Rock Fault1838
1838 J. Heywood in Notices & Abstr. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1837 79 For seven miles to the north-west of Pendleton, a remarkable promontory of red sandstone stretches out as far as Ringley Bridge,..and gives the very appropriate name of the ‘Red-rock Fault’ to an enormous displacement of the coal measures, by means of which the beds of coal are abruptly cut off, and their level is changed to an average extent of 1000 yards.
1942 E. M. Anderson Dynamics of Faulting & Dyke Formation v. 76 The ‘North Staffordshire Boundary Fault’..is not a single fault, as two separate north-north-easterly fractures bound the coalfield... The northern of these is known as the Red Rock Fault.
1993 P. Salway Hist. Rom. Brit. (1997) vii. 141 The rebuilding in stone..of the Turf Wall from the Irthing to the ‘Red Rock Fault’ five miles to the west.
red room n. Medicine (now historical) a room illuminated only by red light; (attributive) designating a treatment for smallpox involving confinement of patients to such a room, (supposedly) reducing pustule formation and scarring.
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1902 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 221/1 Any practitioner may, if he chooses, give the red-room cure a trial.
1921 Lancet 26 Feb. 426/2 Finsen's well-known method of preventing pustulation by keeping small-pox patients in a red room is here alluded to.
1947 P. G. Edge Vital Statistics & Public Health Work Tropics (new ed.) xii. 128 It also may be noted that Finsen, the Danish founder of modern actino-therapy,..(his ‘Red Room’ treatment).
red route n. chiefly British an urban traffic route, marked with a red line along the side of the road, on which there are severe penalties for motorists stopping or parking.
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1989 Daily Tel. 12 Apr. 10/8 A group of Conservative MPs.., known as the Red Route Group,..wants a ban on parking on some primary routes.
1991 Municipal Rev. (Assoc. Metropolitan Authorities) Jan.–Feb. 234/2 The Road Traffic Bill..amends various aspects of traffic law, notably on dangerous driving. The creation of ‘Red Routes’ in London..is likely to be the most controversial area.
2003 Independent (Nexis) 13 Feb. The police could do their bit too by proper enforcement of bus lane rules, clamping down on vehicles parked on red routes in order to make deliveries during the rush hour, [etc.].
Red Rover n. a children's chasing game having many variations, in which players typically attempt to cross an open area while eluding capture by the opposing team; the child who is ‘it’ (in some versions of this game).
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > other chasing games
course-a-park1613
hunt the squirrel1742
Tom Tiddler's ground1816
one catch all1854
Relievo1877
pig in the middle1887
Red Rover1891
ring-a-levio1891
stuck-in-the-mud1944
British Bulldog1949
kiss chase1957
stick-in-the-mud1968
1891 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 4 224 Red Rover. The boy who is ‘it’ is called the ‘Red Rover’, and stands in the middle of the street, while the others form a line on the pavement on one side.
1974 J. Keats Of Time & Island v. 82 The little children played Red Rover.
2006 K. Cushman Loud Silence Francine Green xiv. 87 Later, at lunch, we played Red Rover. Mary Virginia called, ‘Red rover, red rover, let Sophie come over,’ and Sophie came over.
red row n. English regional (now rare) a stage in the growth of barley when it is tinged with red just as it becomes ripe; frequently in (the) red row.
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1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 386 When the grains of ripening barley are streaked with red, the crop is said to be in the red-row.
1819 New Monthly Mag. Aug. 110 Barley is a very large crop, and many breadths that were self-sown have shot into ear so early, as to be at this time in red row.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) 78/1 Reed row,..when barley approaches to ripeness the grains are streaked with red, and are then said to be in the reed row.
† red ruddock n. Obsolete rare a piece of gold money; see ruddock n. 2.
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1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes 459 Zanfrone,..red ruddocks, perse, coin, or crownes.
red rust n. Plant Pathology the summer or uredial stage in any of various fungal rusts, esp. those infecting cereal crops.
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > rust disease or condition of having
rustOE
rustinga1398
canker?c1425
black rust1785
red gum1794
red rust1806
rust disease1816
red robin1821
red rag1841
crown rust1868
rustiness1882
stem rust1899
1806 Med. Repository 2nd Hexade 4 8 On Deer creek the wheat was greatly injured by the red rust.
1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. 260 Patches of a minute fungus, the seeds of which, as they float in the air, enter the pores of the epidermis of the leaf,..or they exist in the manure or soil, and enter by the pores of the root... This fungus..is known among farmers by the name of red rust.
1904 T. F. Hunt Cereals in Amer. vi. i. 96 There are two stages of rust found on the wheat plant: (1) the red rust, caused by one-celled spherical uredospores, which commonly does not survive the winter.
1990 C. Rose Dirty Man of Europe (1991) x. 245 The plane was spraying fungicides—Cosmic (carbendazim, tridemorph and maneb) and Mistral (fenpropimorph) against red rust on barley.
red sable n. the fur of the Siberian weasel or kolinsky ( Mustela sibirica), used esp. for artists' brushes; (also red sable brush) a brush made from this.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > brush > types of
pencila1350
calaber pencil1583
washing-brush1585
softener1756
hair-pencil1763
camel('s) hair pencil1771
pound brush1780
dabberc1790
varnishing brush1825
writer1825
red sable1859
sweetener1859
varnish brush1859
fitch1873
sable-brush1873
wash-brush1873
Poona brush1875
hake1882
rigger1883
airbrush1884
liner1886
sable1891
stippler1891
aerograph1898
mop brush1904
filbert brush1950
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > brush > material for
red sable1859
1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 295 Brushes made of red sable, and also the squirrel—or ‘camel hair’ as it is called.
1892 A. G. Thornton Illustr. Catal. Drawing & Surveying Instruments & Materials 107 Finest Red Sable Brushes, Round Black Handles, plated ferrules.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 350/2 The fur [of the kolinsky] has often been designated as red or Tatar sable.
1970 Oxf. Compan. Art 169/2 The best soft brush for water-colour is the red ‘sable’, made from the fur of the Siberian mink.
1994 Micropaleontology 40 101 The specimens were hand picked with a moist red sable brush from a standard extraction tray.
red sauce n. and adj. (a) n. any of various sauces that are red in colour, esp. (in the United States) a tomato-based sauce of southern Italian origin; (b) adj. (attributive) U.S. of or designating a type of Italian-American cuisine characterized by the use of tomato-based sauces.
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1702 J. K. tr. F. Massialot Court & Country Cook 88 Let your Chickens be broil'd a little upon the Coals, and cut into Quarters: Then dress them with red Sauce.
1912 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 28 June 6/4 Detective Patsy Bennett dropped into Giuseppi's emporium for a platter of spaghetti with red sauce and grated cheese.
1977 Washington Post 16 Oct. (Mag. section) 66 You can also get sausage rolls, lasagne, spaghetti, all the classic red-sauce Italian dishes.
1994 M. Kriegel Bless me, Father xxiv. 145 Gargulio's was a reliable red sauce joint. The waiters spoke Italian.
2007 South Wales Echo (Nexis) 1 Sept. 10 Ian used to love putting ketchup on a roast dinner. He's grown out of that now but still loves lashings of red sauce on pasties.
† red scall n. [scall n.] Obsolete rare = alopecia n.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of hair > [noun] > loss of hair
alopeciaa1398
alopecya1400
red scall1578
foxes evil1607
fox-evil1659
area1661
madarosis1684
pelade1753
defluvium1817
trichorrhœa1860
hypotrichosis1896
pseudopelade1909
androgenic alopecia1970
androgenetic alopecia1977
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. i. 657 Very excellent to annoynt the head against Alopecies, which some calle the redde scall or falling away of the heare.
red seed n. U.S. (now rare) plural (with singular or plural agreement) the small crustaceans on which mackerel feed.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > member of > small or eaten by mackerel
red seed1880
1880 N.-Y. Times 5 Sept. 4/4 A multitude of smaller marine creatures were fond of the red seed also.
1884–5 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 193 The so-called red-seed exercises a deleterious effect on the flesh of the fish.
1913 A. Douglas Fast Nine 163 The different kinds of invertebrates on which the mackerel feed are known as ‘Cayenne’ and ‘red seed’.
red softening n. Pathology (now rare) loss of tissue density with red discoloration, affecting all or part of an organ; spec. cerebral infarction.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of nervous system > [noun] > disorders of brain > softening of brain
softening of the brain1819
white softening1827
red softening1834
brain softening1844
1834 J. Hope Princ. & Illustr. Morbid Anat. 74 Red softening is frequently found in cases where there is a retardation of the venous circulation through the muscular substance [of the heart].
1858 W. Aitken Handbk. Sci. & Pract. Med. ii. 499 More partial or local forms of this affection [sc. cerebritis], to which the name of ‘red softening’, or ‘acute ramollissement’, has been applied.
1994 Computerized Med. Imaging & Graphics 18 155/1 This patient, who was suffering from right hemianopia, showed an area of red softening at CT in the left occipital pole.
red soldier n. (a) a soldier wearing a red coat; esp. a soldier of the British army, a redcoat. (b) a pig with red lesions of the skin, esp. those of swine erysipelas; (also) swine erysipelas, or (rarely) hog cholera.
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1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xv. ii. 384 He commeth foorth as a red souldier, with red clothing.
1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. x. 244 Red Soldiers, as they call them (to distinguish them from the Highland Companies).
1878 Times 26 Dec. All pigs not ‘red soldiers’ will be adjudged innocent of typhoid.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xvii. 159 He supposed it was some of the red soldiers coming from Fort William into Appin.
1992 Oldie 21 Feb. 41/3 My sow didn't have red soldier or black jack, she didn't have blue ear or the staggers.
2005 J. Chapman Past & Present ix. 214 From the Zulus' perspective the ‘red soldiers’ are the racial ‘other’.
red spinner n. Angling a kind of artificial fly with a predominantly red or brown body and the wings traditionally made from a starling's feather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > real or imitation flies
stone-flya1450
ant-fly1653
hawthorn-fly1653
mayfly1653
oak fly1653
wall-fly1653
pismire-fly1670
cow-lady1676
mayfly1676
owl fly1676
brown1681
cow-turd-fly1684
trout-fly1746
orl fly1747
hazel fly?1758
iron-blue fly?1758
red spinner?1758
Welshman's button?1758
buzz1760
Yellow Sally1766
ash-fly1787
black caterpillar1787
cow-dung fly1787
sharn-fly1787
spinner1787
woodcock-fly1787
huzzard1799
knop-fly1799
mackerel1799
watchet1799
iron blue1826
knob fly1829
mackerel fly1829
March brown1837
cinnamon fly1867
quill gnat1867
sedge-fly1867
cob-fly1870
woodcock wing1888
sedge1889
olive1895
quill1899
nymph1910
green weenie1977
Montana1987
?1758 R. Bowlker Art of Angling Improved 71 (heading) The Red Spinner.
1858 C. Kingsley Chalk-stream Stud. in Misc. (1860) I. 189 [The caperer] may..do duty..for the red spinner.
1998 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 19 Nov. c5 Fenton Lake is fishing fair for trout using Power Bait and small red spinners.
red spirit n. (a) an alcoholic solution containing a red dye, used to indicate temperature in a thermometer; †(b) (also red spirits) a solution containing tin salts, used as a mordant for red dyes (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1807 A. Aikin & C. R. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Mineral. II. 287/2 It [sc. red sanders wood] is occasionally used for colouring spirits, as, for example, the red spirit used for thermometers.
1844 E. A. Parnell Appl. Chem. I. 287 Such solutions, which are known among dyers by the name of red spirits or simply spirits, may be obtained by dissolving metallic tin, in a granulated or ‘feathered’ state, in one of the following liquids.
1855 Sci. Amer. 30 June 336/1 The cotton is..afterwards mordanted in the red spirit tub for about two hours.
1893 H. T. Peck Internat. Cycl. V. 198 Alumina acetate is called by the dyer red liquor, iron acetate black liquor, and chloride of tin red spirits, on account of the colors they produce with certain natural dyes.
1966 Lancet 20 Aug. 434/1 A thermometer was built into the radiator cap with the red-spirit column facing backwards.
2006 U.S. States News (Nexis) 31 Aug. The high school labs eliminated mercury thermometers, replacing them with digital and/or red spirit thermometers.
† red sprat n. Obsolete a smoked sprat.
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1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. Fv I will bee rid of this broilde red Sprat that stinkes so in my stomacke.
1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother ii. ii. sig. D2 A plumpe Vintner Kneeling, and offring incense to his deitie, Which shall be only this, red Sprats and Pilchers.
1895 W. Besant Westminster 393 The King, or his Lord Almoner, was wont..to give everyone of them..Red Herrings, and Red Sprats.
red squad n. originally and chiefly U.S. †(a) a British military unit in North America (obsolete rare); (b) (also with capital initials) an investigative unit responsible for monitoring communists or political radicals.
ΚΠ
1864 N.-Y. Times 16 Dec. 4/3 The red squads that are in Canada would be..like yellow leaves before the whirlwind.
1919 Chicago Tribune 4 June 2/1 Charles Egan of the bureau red squad.
1998 R. A. Wilson Everything is under Control (1999) 8 The SEC looks for bank swindles, the Red Squad of every police department looks for subversive ideas.
red squadron n. now historical one of the three squadrons into which the Royal Navy was formerly divided (cf. Blue Squadron n. at blue adj. and n. Compounds 1d, white squadron n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1f).
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society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > squadron > specific
Irish guard1644
blue1653
Blue Squadron1665
white squadron1666
white1668
red1690
red squadron1702
1702 London Gaz. No. 3835/3 Sir John Munden, Rear-Admiral of the Red-Squadron.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Fleet The ships of the red squadron wear an ensign, whose union is displayed on a red field.
1802 Naval Chron. 8 223 (note) The distinguishing flag of the red squadron has ever been the Union or flag of the Lord High Admiral.
1863 C. Pedley Hist. Newfoundland ix. 219 Charles Morice Pole, Esq., Vice-Admiral of the Red Squadron, succeeded Governor Waldegrave.
1929 C. L. Lewis Famous Old-World Sea Fighters vi. 133 The Dutch also had the advantage of the wind, and immediately threw their whole force upon the exposed portion of the English ‘Red’ squadron.
1995 L. Frey & M. Frey Treaties of War Spanish Succession 385 He [sc. Sir George Rooke] was promoted in rapid succession to rear admiral of the Red Squadron..and lord commissioner of the Admiralty.
red staff n. now historical and rare a wooden staff to which a red substance is applied, and which is passed over the surface of a mill stone to mark irregularities on the surface.
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1860 Sci. Amer. 14 Apr. 243/2 We take the red staff with water paint on it, and run it over the face of the stone, which shows the high places.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1808/1 The red-staff used by millers to detect irregularities in the face of a millstone.
1949 G. Woodbury John Goffe's Mill xviii. 172 I became so absorbed in the details of the job,..and testing every few minutes with the 'red staff', sort of straightedge ruler covered with red chalk, that I forgot about wearing gloves.
red star n. [originally after Russian krasnaja zvezda (1918 or earlier in this sense)] a symbol of communism and certain communist states, esp. (historical) the Soviet Union.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national
ravenOE
thistle1488
red cross1523
St George's cross1548
Britannia1605
red rose1618
British Lion1687
shamrock1712
leek1714
American eagle1782
rising sun1787
white horse1814
Bird of Freedom1825
Union Jack1847
maple leaf1860
meatball1919
red star1920
hammer and sickle1921
chakra1947
1920 B. Russell Pract. & Theory Bolshevism i. iv. 62–3 The pageant went on to show the formation of the Red Army under its emblem the Red Star.
1965 J. C. Campbell Amer. Policy toward Communist Eastern Europe i. 17 The ubiquitous red star that was cut out of every [Hungarian] flag and replaced by the national symbol of Kossuth.
1984 I. Banac National Question in Yugoslavia i. i. 7 In Stolice (Serbia)..the Partisan supreme staff adopted the five-pointed red star as the Partisan emblem.
2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xlviii. 742 The red star was gone from the glacis plate, replaced with an all-too-visible representation of their new white-blue-red flag.
red steer n. Australian slang a fire; esp. a bush fire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive > bush or forest fire
prairie fire1824
bush-fire1847
brush-fire1850
crown fire1893
red steer1936
1930 Bulletin (Sydney) 21May 20/3 There had been a number of grass fires in the district, and suspicion falling on ‘Monkey’ Brown..he was accused of loosing the ‘red bull’ on the community.]
1936 J. Devanny Sugar Heaven 100 I put ‘red steer’ in cane. That'll fix the bloody bosses.
1963 J. Cantwell No Stranger to Flame 12 The cane-cutters, made negro by sun and by soot from fires (Red Steers, they called them).
2005 G. Main Heartland 181 One farmer recalled a tube of fire speeding across paddocks, flames coiled and rolling—the fabled ‘red steer’ of Australian wildfire.
red stock n. a kind of red brick; cf. stock n.1 15b; more fully red-stock brick.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > types of
white brick1468
red brick1587
clinker1659
clinkerc1660
stock-brick1683
Windsor brick1702
grey stock1726
stockc1738
red stock1748
firebrick1749
Welsh lump1798
malm1811
cutting-brick1815
pecking1819
blue brick1823
malm brick1824
Windsor1841
cutter1842
grizzle1843
shuff1843
picking1850
Woolpit brick1887
Hollander1897
Staffordshire1898
Stafford brick1908
misfire1923
klompie1926
1748 B. Langley London Prices 130 The Workman must gauge and rub down the Red-Stock Bricks.
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 344 Red Stocks..owe their colour to the nature of the clay of which they are made.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) x. 436/3 Brick colours and textures..Smooth blended..Smooth red stock..Wire-cut brindle.
red stuff n. now rare a preparation of finely powdered ferric oxide, used as a metal polish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of
pumice1422
emery1481
foam of copperas1538
pumex1589
emery-stone1610
smiris1610
putty1663
rottenstone1677
tutty1731
French rouge?1745
rotstone1767
plate powder1786
emery-powder18..
rouge1808
waxing1825
black lead1830
tin-putty1839
red stuff1844
stove-polish1858
crocusa1861
crocus-powder1873
furniture cream1873
grit-emery1884
silver polish1895
Ronuk1896
Brasso1905
floor polish1907
lavender cream1926
lavender polish1961
lavender wax1970
1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N.Y. I. vi. 69 I bought a little cherry box full of red stuff... I spread some on the corner of my towel, and begin to polish away.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 220 Red stuff is prepared of various degrees of fineness.
1947 G. D. Hiscox & T. O'Conor Sloane Henley's 20th-cent. Bk. Formulas, Processes & Trade Secrets (new ed.) 600/2 Gold is polished with ferric oxide (red stuff), which moistened with alcohol, is applied to leather.
red sugar n. sugar made with any of various ingredients which produce a reddish colour; (also) brown or unrefined sugar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > unrefined or brown sugar
red sugar?a1425
black sugarc1430
panele1562
Canary sugar1568
soft sugar1581
muscovado1592
moist sugar1604
cassonade1657
brown sugar1704
bastard1766
Lisbon1767
bastard sugar1785
moist1809
sand1819
panela1830
piloncillo1844
pilonci1845
penuche1847
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > other types of sugar
white sugar1423
red sugar?a1425
sugar of Candy1553
ambered sugara1665
superfine sugar1759
preserving sugar1863
basket sugar1902
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 112 Ȝif þu haue not massacune, pomis, borace, rede suger ana, grinde hem alle sotillie.
1593 S. Kellwaye Defensatiue against Plague 41 Redde Sugar, and Butter, of either one ounce.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. 390 I caused frequent injections to be made into the wound of a decoction of Barly with honey of Roses and red Sugar.
1703 W. Salmon Collectanea Medica xxxi. 357/2 Boil them to a Pint, Sweeten with red Sugar.
1822 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 22 Mar. 758/1 Two ounces of red sugar is too great a luxury for the farmer and his wife!
1995 D. C. Reid Knife behind Gills vi. 87 ‘Would you like some shortbread?’.. Billy..gives him some floury stars and angels, some trees sprinkled with red sugar.
2007 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Feb. k3 I bought Chaulet coffee from Basse Terre, red sugar,..and aged agricultural rum.
red tab n. a tab or gorget patch of a red colour, esp. worn by a senior or staff officer in the British Army; (Army slang) such an officer; cf. tab n.1 2d.
ΚΠ
1899 Macmillan's Mag. Sept. 346/2 Soon after the red tabs of a Staff-officer or two appeared.
1948 E. Partridge et al. Dict. Forces' Slang 154 Red tabs, red gorget patches, worn by Colonels and above. ‘Red tab’ was sometimes used for an officer who wore them.
1977 D. James Spy at Evening vii. 51 He had red tabs on his collar. He had authority even over my father.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Aug. 22/2 An incompetent high command of chateau-dwelling cavalry generals poorly served by detached, lazy and incompetent ‘red tabs’.
red tag n. Angling a kind of artificial fly with a green body, red hackle, and a red tag or tuft at the tail.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
1850 ‘Ephemera’ & A. Young Bk. Salmon i. iv. 99 Small orange hackle struck over the red tag.
1923 Daily Mail 11 Aug. 7 Upper parts of the Lea should yield some good specimens of these fish to the black gnat, Zulu, red tag, and coachman.
1992 Angling Times 22 Apr. 5/1 An 18lb 3oz scrapper smashed into Ken Evans' Red Tag lure.
Red Terror n. (a) the period (1793–4) of violent repression during the First French Revolution; the Terror (cf. terror n. 3); (b) [compare Russian krasnyj terror (1924 or earlier in this sense)] the persecution of opponents by the Bolsheviks after the Russian Revolution of 1917; (in extended use) a period of violent repression by a communist or left-wing regime.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > reign of terror
reign of terror1784
terrorism1795
terror1798
White Terror1805
Red Terror1864
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > persecution > a specific occurrence of
terror1798
Red Terror1864
White Terror1883
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in France
reign of terror1784
ancient regime1792
ancien régime1794
terrorism1795
First Republic1800
White Terror1805
restoration1815
consulate1845
Red Terror1864
commune1871
marshalate1874
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Russia
White Terror1883
Red Terror1929
1864 New Monthly Mag. July 343 The Red Terror had devastated the south..from the hangings in 1789 to the fusillades of 1797.
1883 Fortn. Rev. Nov. 701 The red terror of the French Jacobins is insignificant by the side of the white terror of Ferdinand VII.
1929 tr. M. Litvinov in Soviet Union & Peace i. xiii. 59 The so-called ‘Red Terror’..was not the cause but the direct result and outcome of Allied intervention.
1930 Morning Post 13 Aug. 13 Never before, even in 1918–19, when the Red Terror was at its height, have persecutions reached such a terrible level.
1956 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 17 80 The red Terror was inaugurated to liberate France, the white one to enslave her.
1992 N.Y. Times 19 Jan. i. 7/1 About 2,500 people..are believed to have been killed in Addis Ababa at the height of the red terror in late 1977.
2006 A. Jack Inside Putin's Russia (rev. ed.) viii Dzerzhinsky's name is synonymous with the Red Terror he launched on behalf of Lenin.
red thrombus n. Medicine a thrombus (blood clot) containing a large number of trapped red blood cells, typically found within a vein; (also) material of this nature; often contrasted with white thrombus.
ΚΠ
1871 Med. Rec. 1 Aug. 261/1 On the left side and at each extremity is a red thrombus; no marked disease of arterial coats at this point.
1940 C. H. Best in M. B. Visscher Chem. & Med. ii. 121 When the thrombus is made up entirely of clot it is appropriately termed a red thrombus.
2006 J. D. Spence How to prevent your Stroke i. 7 The drugs used to prevent red thrombus act by reducing the levels of blood-clotting proteins, thus preventing the coagulation of the blood.
red tide n. an occurrence of seawater discoloured by an algal bloom, esp. from the toxic red dinoflagellate Karenia brevis; (also) the bloom itself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > discoloration by organisms
redwater1839
breaking (of the meres)1884
water blossom1884
water-bloom1887
algal bloom1938
bloom1939
red tide1942
1942 Condor 44 264 Gonyaulax is a microscopic organism known to ‘bloom’ under certain circumstances in such numbers as to tinge the water red and produce for brief periods the condition known as ‘red tide’.
1970 T. D. Brock Biol. Microorganisms xix. 655 The red tide, an occasional occurrence in inshore areas, results from extensive blooms of red-pigmented dinoflagellate species.
2002 Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pennsylvania) 3 Nov. a9/4 While the algal bloom is generally referred to as red tide the outbreak affecting Lamberts Bay had a distinctive blue color.
Red Tory n. Canadian a member of the Progressive Conservative Party who holds more liberal views on certain esp. social issues than his or her fellow party members; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > other national politics > [noun] > Canadian politics > principles or policies > supporters of
Family Compact1828
grit1884
bleu1885
Red Tory1953
1953 G. W. Brown Canada in Making 25 In fact, I never met with such a real, red Tory.
1968 Gazette (Montreal) 6 June 7/2 The Liberals..believe the so-called ‘Red Tory’ phenomenon will work in favour of them this time.
1976 Weekend Mag. (Montreal) 10 Jan. 2/1 All good Canadians are on the side of the Red Tories, the Dalton Camp forces who favor..the obviously good and liberal things that keep Canada great.
2004 Western Standard 27 Sept. 23/2 Nancy was an embittered Red Tory turned Liberal trying to beat Red Tories stayed Tory.
Red Toryism n. Canadian the political philosophy of a Red Tory.
ΚΠ
1974 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 29 Oct. 5/3 David Smith could outpace Alderman Anne Johnston in Ward 11, depending on how that ward buys her Red Toryism as opposed to his knee-deep Liberalism.
1994 W. A. Bogart Courts & Country i. 7 From the right came toryism—sometimes labelled ‘red toryism’ to highlight its support for communitarian values.
2003 R. Martin Most Dangerous Branch 24 Red Toryism is the only authentically Canadian political and social perspective to have ever developed.
red varnish n. a varnish of a red colour; spec. †an alcoholic solution of sealing wax, formerly used as an electrically insulating varnish (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1672 J. Davies Anc. Rites Durham 45 At either end of the Altar was closed up with fine Wainscot, like unto a Porch adjoyning unto either Rood-door, very finely varnished with fine red varnish.
1700 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 22 526 Take of the red Varnish 10 drams, of the black Varnish 4 drams, mix them well.
1880 Musical Times Mar. 109/2 (advt.) For sale, a Guanerius violin... Beautiful red varnish and fine tone.
1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 559 Red varnish, a solution of sealing wax in 90 per cent. alcohol.
1954 M. Henrey Month in Paris vii. 51 Newly hatched chicks make balls of yellow fluff, and when I put a finger in amongst them, they try to peck the red varnish off my nail.
2002 Windsor (Ont.) Star (Nexis) 27 Aug. a6 The first Gibson hollow-body guitar..is here, complete with wood grains peeking through cracked red varnish.
red vinegar n. vinegar made with any of various ingredients which produce a reddish colour; spec. = red wine vinegar n. at red wine n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > acid or tart flavouring > [noun] > vinegar > types of
alegara1425
red vinegarc1475
beeregara1500
white wine vinegar1527
red wine vinegar1596
wine-vinegara1617
beer-vinegara1668
vinegar beer1677
vinegar-powder1753
chilli-vinegar1818
rice vinegar1821
wood-vinegar1837
sugar-vinegar1839
mint vinegar1845
tarragon vinegar1845
cider vinegar1851
Orleansa1857
wood-acid1858
four thieves' vinegar1868
balsamic vinegar1982
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 80 (MED) Also take hony and strong reed vinegre.
1587 T. Dawson Good Huswifes Iewell 18 Take Ginger, Cloues and Mace, Nutmegs, beat all these together very fine, and boile them in good red vineger vntill it be somewhat thicke.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation i. 24/2 Take a Quart of Red Vinegar, but not Wine-Vinegar, set it over the Fire, and put therein two Spoonfuls of English Honey.
1747 R. Mead Disc. Small-pox & Measles 99 Take one part of sharp, clear, red vinegar, and two parts of rose-water.
1855 T. Webster & Mrs. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. (new ed.) 666 They have there both white and red vinegar made from white and red wines.
1995 R. Gray & R. Rogers River Cafe Cook Bk. (1996) 314/2 Aceto Cortegiara is a smooth red vinegar traditionally made from Veronese wines, and aged for three years in small oak casks that previously held brandy.
red vision n. [compare French vision rouge (1879 or earlier)] Ophthalmology (a) abnormal vision in which all objects appear tinged with red (= erythropsia n. at erythro- comb. form ); an instance of this; (b) normal colour vision that detects red light.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > colour blindness
Daltonism1841
xanthopsia1842
colour blindness1844
chromatopsia1848
achromatopsia1849
chromatometablepsy1849
chromatopseudopsy1849
acritochromacy1855
dichromatism1859
blue-blindness1868
green-blindness1868
red-blindness1868
chromatopsy1879
red vision1880
dyschromatopsia1890
xanthocyanopy1890
xanthocyanopsy1891
dichromacy1892
monochromatism1893
violet-blindness1894
monochromacy1900
deuteranopia1901
protanopia1902
tritanopia1915
deuteranomaly1932
protanomaly1932
tritanomaly1943
1880 Lancet 20 Mar. 434/1 In one patient, fits commencing with a pain in the eye were followed by red vision.
1899 Psychol. Rev. 6 82 It is as if red-vision had fallen out and green-vision had been turned into yellow-vision.
1982 Brain Res. 232 203 These data suggest that the lack of increased metabolic activity at night in the squirrel is not due to its sensitive red vision.
2006 Nature 12 Oct. 649 (title) An accessory chromophore in red vision.
red warning n. = red alert n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > specific types of warning
by-warning1542
gypsy's warning1824
red warning1940
yellow1940
red alert1941
yellow alert1941
red1943
code1957
amber alert1958
content warning1977
trigger warning1993
1940 W. S. Churchill in Hansard Commons 5 Sept. 46 It was felt that the Red warning should be taken merely as an alert.
1963 Times 22 Jan. 10/3 If the cold spell continues a ‘red warning’ might have to be considered. Under this hospitals are asked to stop admitting any but emergency cases.
1998 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 11 Apr. 5 The agency's Anglian region had 17 red warnings in place, affecting the River Nene, the Upper Welland and the Great Ouse.
red wind n. [compare French roux vent northerly or north-easterly wind which blasts the leaves of plants in spring (1622)] (a) a wind carrying grains of red sand along with it; (b) an easterly wind having a drying or blasting effect on the leaves of trees and causing them to shrivel (now rare). [Quot. a1400 has alternatively been interpreted as showing rad adj.1]
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > hot or warm wind > hot or warm and dry
red winda1400
hot wind1600
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > hot or warm wind > hot or warm and dry > from African and Asiatic deserts
harmattan1671
khamsin1685
samiel1687
simoom1763
red wind1857
loo1888
haboob1897
karaburan1903
sharav1968
a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 4 Þe racke myd a rede wynde roos on þe myddel & sone sette on þe se out of þe souþ syde.
1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Carbunculatio, a red wynde, whiche burneth trees.
1670 New Additions to Art Husbandry 45 in J. Blagrave Epitome Art of Husbandry (new ed.) There is an Easterly or North-Easterly red Wind, which was ever accounted a bliting wind.
1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. i. 23 The North-East Winds, which are red Winds that blast the Leaves upon your Peach-Trees.
1857 Notes & Queries 2nd Ser. 4 114 There is no sojourner in the Mediterranean,..who has not seen the red wind... It blows from the deserts of Africa, and derives its name from the particles of red sand with which it is charged.
1935 Times 30 Sept. 10/3 The Irish peasant speaks of the east wind as the ‘red wind’ owing to its harsh and drying up effect on his crops.
1992 C. McCarthy All Pretty Horses (1993) i. 5 He rode with the sun coppering his face and the red wind blowing out of the west.
(ii) With adjectives (and derived nouns).
† red fire-hot adj. Obsolete red-hot; cf. fire-hot adj.
ΚΠ
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 434 If swords, kniues, or the points of speares when they are red fire hot, be annointed with the sweat of a horse, they will be..full of poison.
1661 R. Sharrock Let. 13 Dec. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) I. 470 Taking a great & most venimous Toad & Squeezing it between a paire of Tongues red fire hott.
1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 542/2 Melt the Tin in a Crucible Red-fire-hot.
1821 Amer. Masonic Reg. 1 29/1 Nine plowshares, red fire hot, were laid in unequal distances.
red-blond adj. (also red-blonde) = strawberry blond adj. at strawberry n. Compounds 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > light hair
yellowOE
blonde1481
towy1858
blondine1867
red-blond1875
strawberry blond1884
ash-blond1903
tow-like1907
bottle blonde1908
blondish1961
strawish1978
1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 13 Feb. 197/3 His serious eyes deep-set in their orbits, his red-blond hair.
1934 Frederick (Maryland) Post 10 Aug. 9/4 Lois Hart, tall, red-blond, rather gushing in manner.
2001 Independent (Nexis) 23 July (Features section) 18 Blessed with porcelain skin and tousled red-blonde hair.
† red-clocked adj. Obsolete (of stockings) embroidered with red patterns or ‘clocks’ (clock n.2 2).
ΚΠ
1763 Brit. Mag. 4 547 The red-clock'd stocking trims the brawny leg.
1842 J. Carver Sketches New Eng. 282 Her gown pinned up behind over the bright dyed petticoat, and red clocked stockings.
1872 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 503/2 A young girl in red-clocked silk stockings and satin short petticoats.
red-figured adj. Archaeology of or relating to red figure pottery; made using the technique of red figure; cf. red figure n. at Compounds 1f(c)(i).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [adjective] > specific designs
black-figured1825
red-figured1840
willow-patterned1857
hawthorn1866
armorial1871
red figure1881
goat and bee1899
tobacco-leaf1969
1840 E. C. Gray Tour to Sepulchres of Etruria i. 49 We may suppose the red figured vases, which exist in great numbers in Etruria..to be the result of this more recent Greek improvement.
1890 Harrison & Verrall Ancient Athens p. lxxv The rape..appears on upwards of twenty-five red-figured vases.
1918 J. D. Beazley Attic Red-figured Vases Amer. Museums p. v The Andokides painter, one of the first artists to use the red-figured style.
1960 E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion i. 40 The Greek vase painters made use of this principle of reversal when they switched over from the earlier black-figured technique..to the red-figured style.
2003 E. G. Pemberton in Corinth x. 172/2 The torch race is certainly found on Attic red-figured vases.
red–green adj. designating or relating to a form of colour blindness marked by confusion of reds and greens (protanopia).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [adjective] > colour blind
dichromic1836
dichromatic1842
colour-blind1847
green-blind1868
red-blind1873
blue-blind1877
red–green1878
achromatopsic1883
dyschromatoptic1886
colour-weak1893
violet-blind1894
monochromatic1897
protanopic1898
protanomalous1911
tritanopic1915
deuteranomalous1932
tritanomalous1943
colour-defective1958
protan1961
1878 Mind 3 263 These tables are useful only for the detection of red-green colour blindness.
1958 Listener 6 Nov. 730/1 He, too, was a red-green colour-defective.
1996 Eye 10 65 The new test is effective for screening congenital red-green blindness.
red-mad adj. raving mad, furious (cf. red-wood adj.1); also in extended use.
ΚΠ
a1729 E. Taylor Poems (1960) 183 So here, when once the Soule doth Gods call heare Satan red mad doth rage.
1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland II. 476 Wad mak ane reed mad only on it to think.
1804 W. Tarras Poems 47 It's like to gar me rin reed-mad.
1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness (at cited word) He'll be red-mad ti buy that pony.
1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona vii. 74 She's..red-mad about..proscribed names, and King James.
1904 Dennison's Orcadian Sketches (new ed.) 5 De whall wus t'reshan' wi' his tail like reed mad.
1980 T. Wolfe Right Stuff (1981) iv. 88 They..fired up their innards with every red-mad dish they had ever heard of.
1998 Mirror (Nexis) 4 Nov. 5 I was red mad. This guy had dropped me in a load of trouble.
red-raw adj. rubbed or irritated so as to be raw or inflamed; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > raw of flesh
soreOE
rawc1390
rawish1577
red-raw1749
sprayed1869
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 54 Red-raw as every thing was, the smart was soon put away by the sovereign cordial.
1831 M. Allen Devotional Lect. Christian Char. (ed. 2) 277 It may be in a state of high acute inflammation, so completely red-raw, as it were, that even an emollient application becomes irritating.
1924 A. J. Small Frozen Gold 184 A red-raw panic.
1957 T. Hughes Hawk in Rain 13 All day he stares at his furnace With eyes red-raw.
1992 Daily Mail 17 Aug. 3/4 I used to know a man who was so hooked on personal hygiene that he would scrub his hands several times a day until they were red raw.
red-ripe adj. (and n.) (of a red fruit) fully ripe; (in quot. 1868 figurative as n.).
ΚΠ
1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 10 Peares, Apples, Plums, and the red ripe Cherries, Sweet Strawberries with other daintie berries.
1767 F. Fawkes tr. Theocritus Idylliums 9 Red ripe clusters load the bending vines.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 213 He..only distinguished them [sc. cherries], even when red-ripe, from the surrounding leaves by their size and shape.
1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 73 Human at the red-ripe of the heart.
1938 Amer. Home June 60/1 (advt.) Heinz Tomato Juice..reminds you of a juicy red-ripe tomato fresh-off-the-vine.
2005 M. E. Saltveit in E. Heuvelink Tomatoes vi. 153 Fruit were harvested at the mature-green, breaker or red-ripe stage of ripeness.
red-sensitive adj. sensitive or responding to the colour red.
ΚΠ
1888 W. I. L. Adams Photographic Instructor 115 A very happy combination of dyes..has been made, which cause sensitiveness far into the regions of the spectrum red. This action is due to one of its ingredients, cyanine, or chinoline blue, the most red sensitive substance known.
1936 Discovery May 151/2 This..was an advantage in the days of blue-sensitive materials when actinometers were first put forward, but has lost this advantage now green-sensitive and red-sensitive materials are so universally employed.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes v. 149 Although it [sc. orthochromatic film] is insensitive to red, dyes can be added to make it red-sensitive.
2003 Sci. News 11 Oct. 234/2 People and birds don't have the same gene for their red-sensitive opsin.
red-tabbed adj. British Army wearing a red tab (tab n.1 2d) or gorget patch; esp. designating a senior or staff Army officer.
ΚΠ
1901 F. E. Fremantle Impressions Doctor in Khaki xii. 274 With the help of a red-tabbed Major, we passed our four wounded..on to the Australian ambulance.
1948 W. Fortescue Beauty for Ashes xxvii. 207 I accosted a red-tabbed English officer who directed me to it at once.
1977 J. Cleary High Road to China iv. 107 Johnny Silversmith, red-faced and red-tabbed, came to our table.
1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army x. 105 In Flanders regimental officers in the trenches cursed staff officers as red-tabbed asses heedlessly sending men to their death.
red-tempered adj. (a) coloured red; (b) ill-tempered; irascible.
ΚΠ
c1612 W. Strachey Hist. Trav. Virginia (1953) i. v. 70 A kynd of Arsenick-stone like..redd tempered oyntementes of earth.
1861 Ladies Repository Dec. 725/1 A red-bearded, red-headed, red-faced, red-tempered, hateful-eyed officer, who frightened the servants out of their remaining senses.
1929 F. Hackett Henry VIII ii. 87 Red-tempered as he easily became,..his mouth showed his capacity for cautious repression.
2007 Daily Mail (Nexis) 12 May 38 Stalin was guarded during his exile by a red-bearded, red-tempered policeman named Ivan Laletin.
red-wet adj. originally Scottish bloodstained, wet with blood.
ΚΠ
1786 R. Burns Poems 211 Still pressing onward, red-wat-shod.
1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 384/2 The hand of her kindred has been red-wat in the heart's blude o' my name.
a1914 ‘M. Field’ Deirdre (1918) iv. 69 No woman, no! Nor child, nor girl—but the War-goddess gaping Red-wet where women smile.
2000 Amer. Poetry Rev. (Nexis) Mar. 46 Let me be a glint of sundust..lodging in your red-wet bloodpump's silken clench.
C2. Compounds of the noun.
red-hunting (a) n. = red-baiting n.; (b) adj. = red-baiting adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > persecution > of suspected communists
red-baiting1927
red-hunting1927
1927 U. Sinclair Oil! 313 Sure thing! He's nuts on this red-hunting business, and the pinks are worse than the reds, he says.
1935 H. L. Ickes Secret Diary (1953) I. 402 He feels about Red hunting just as I do and thinks it is absurd to deny communists an opportunity to express themselves or to have a ticket on the ballot.
1962 M. McCarthy On Contrary 37 Such Red-hunting publications as Counter-attack.
1986 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 16 Jan. d8 Eventually Murrow declares war on Joe McCarthy and is among those who help bring down the Red-hunting junior senator from Wisconsin.
1999 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 24 Jan. 2 He talked about the McCarthy hearings and Red-hunting.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

redv.1

Brit. /rɛd/, U.S. /rɛd/
Forms: Old English readian, early Middle English readie, Middle English rede, Middle English reede, 1500s redde, 1600s– red, 1800s reid (Scottish).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: red adj.
Etymology: < red adj. Compare Middle Dutch roden to make red, to become red, to be red, to blush, Middle Low German rȫden to make red, Old High German rōtēn to become red, to have a reddish tinge, rōten to make red, Middle High German rōten to be red or become red, rœten to make red, (reflexive) to blush, and also Old High German irrōten , Middle High German errōtēn , German erröten to become red. Compare later redden v.With sense 1 compare Old English rēodian to be or become red, to blush (a weak verb of Class II; < reod adj.). With sense 2 compare Old English rēodan to make red, redden (a strong verb of Class II; < the same Germanic base as reod adj.).
Now rare.
1. intransitive. (a) To be red. (b) To become or grow red; to blush; = redden v. 4. rare after Middle English.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > be red [verb (intransitive)]
redOE
bleed1833
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > become red [verb (intransitive)]
redOE
ruddenc1225
flamec1400
redden1669
blush1679
fire1837
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > change colour > be or become red with emotion
redOE
glowc1386
blushc1450
colour1616
reddena1648
crimson1780
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [verb (intransitive)] > blush
redOE
rudOE
glowc1386
blushc1450
colour1616
paint1631
reddena1648
vermilion1699
mantle1707
flush1709
crimson1780
rouge1780
ruddy1845
smoke1862
mount1894
rose1922
OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. xvi. 3 [Hodie] tempestas rutulat enim cum triste caelum : todæge biþ hreanis readaþ forþon unrotlice þe heofun.
OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) ii. 238 Cyme to þam treowe þe man hateþ morbeam, & of ðam nim æppel,..hwitne æppel þe þonne gyt ne readige [?a1200 Harl. 6258B readiȝe].
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 37 (MED) Hire chyn ys chosen ant eyþer cheke whit ynoh ant rode on eke, ase roser when hit redes.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 185 (MED) As yit for oght that is befalle Mai noman do my chekes rede.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 168 (MED) Moche sholde oure crystyn Prynces reede and be ashamyd whan thay doth no ryght to the Pepill.
1870 J. Lauder Warblings 77 Far likewise the morning red'ing Over hill or horizon.
1997 USMC Story in alt.sex.stories (Usenet newsgroup) 13 Mar. Josh growled, his face redding.
2. transitive. To make red; = redden v. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > make red [verb (transitive)]
red?c1225
rud?c1225
rubifyc1450
inflame1477
keel1508
redden1552
rubrify1587
fire1597
blusha1616
over-reda1616
ruddy1689
rouge1815
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 263 Nes godes rode wið his deorewurðe blod irudet & ireadet [a1300 Caius iredeð; a1400 Pepys yreded]?
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 163 (MED) He was cloþed in a robe reded [Fr. arosee] wiþ blood.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 695/1 He did redde and dyed them with their own bloud.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 49 The whole earth is almost a purple Island, scarletted and redded with the bloud of Martyrs.
1676 J. Moxon Regulæ Trium Ordinum 12 By Redding or Blacking the Backside of your Paper.
1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. at Rubidus Bread redded in the oven, and scorched.
1781 J. Byng Diary 15 June in Torrington Diaries (1934) I. 19 Those men here who are not black'd by coals and furnaces are redded by the iron ore.
1825 Times 15 Aug. 2/8 Two of the sheep were newly redded in the poll, and the right ear of one of them was bleeding.
1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid 258 Nor deer, nor sheep, nor ony beast that bites the gerse will ever gang frae Eglinton to reid their well again!
1926 E. M. Roberts Time of Man 82 My hands are big and coarse and my skin is browned and redded in the wind.
1981 W. Wharton Dad (1982) vi. 75 The sunset is still redding the sky behind us.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

redv.2

Brit. /rɛd/, U.S. /rɛd/
Forms: English regional (chiefly northern and midlands) 1800s– rade, 1800s– read, 1800s– ready, 1800s– red, 1800s– reddy, 1800s– reed, 1800s– rid; U.S. regional 1800s– rid, 1900s– read, 1900s– red, 1900s– rid (past participle), 1900s– ride; Scottish 1900s– read.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: rede v.2, redd v.2, rid v.; reed n.2
Etymology: Origin uncertain. The relative priority of the various forms and the nature of their relationships are unclear. Perhaps originally a spec. use of either rede v.2, redd v.2, or rid v., or perhaps < reed n.2 Whatever the origin of this word, one or more of the others is likely to have influenced its form by association.
British regional and U.S. regional.
transitive. To strip or clean (the entrails of a slaughtered animal) of fat.
ΚΠ
1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 63 Read, to strip the fat from the intestines.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) at Reed Butchers reed the entrails of slaughtered animals to obtain the fat.
1895 Dial. Notes 1 392 [U.S.] ‘To rid guts’, i.e. to remove the ‘gut lard’.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 249 Read, to strip (the entrails of slaughtered animals) for the fat.
1936 Amer. Speech 11 317/1 Red the guts, to clean the intestines of hogs.
1986 L. Pederson LAGS Concordance in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 512/2 Reading them—chitlins; examining and removing fat.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : -redsuffix
<
adj.n.adv.eOEv.1OEv.21825
see also
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