reddenv.

Brit.

/ˈrɛdn/, U.S.

/ˈrɛd(ə)n/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: red adj., -en suffix⁵.

Etymology: < red adj. + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier red v.¹, and also rudden v.

a. transitive. To make red, to impart a red colour to (a substance or thing).In quot. 1611: to make a reddish colour by curing (see red herring n. 1a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > make red [verb (transitive)]

red?c1225

rud?c1225

rubifyc1450

inflame1477

keel1508

redden1552

rubrify1587

fire1597

blusha1616

over-reda1616

ruddy1689

rouge1815

1552 [implied in: R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Redned, ruddled, or couloured with redde. Rubricatus. (at reddened adj.)].

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Saurir les harencs, to redden Herrings.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 Scarcely the Knife was redden'd with his Gore.

1709 M. Prior Solomon iii. 26 To..Pale it with Rage, or redden it with Shame.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 219 The blazing Altars redden all the shore.

1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iv. 235 It may be mixed with..saltpetre to redden the meat.

1856 Ld. Tennyson Maud (rev. ed.) xix. vi, in Maud & Other Poems (new ed.) 68 This was what had redden'd her cheek When I bow'd to her on the moor.

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. ii. iii. 161 All have fallen.., Reddening with their blood the water.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. iv. 53 This acid is, however, still strong enough to redden blue litmus, or the extract of blue cornflowers.

1970 N. Bawden Birds on Trees x. 172 Iris blew her nose, reddening the tip.

2002 Field & Stream Jan. 84/2 Nature doesn't rest until the last scrap of meat reddens the bill of the last magpie.

b. intransitive. To grow or become red, to assume a red appearance. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > become red [verb (intransitive)]

redOE

ruddenc1225

flamec1400

redden1669

blush1679

fire1837

1669 R. Allestree 18 Serm. xviii. 328 You may behold them also tearing Christs wounds wider to mouth their swelling passion: we may see their anger redden with his Blood.

1699 S. Garth Dispensary i. 3 Chill Virgins redden into flame.

1700 W. Congreve Way of World ii. i. 20 I have seen the warm Confession red'ning on your Cheeks.

1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 17 For me the Balm shall bleed,..The Coral redden.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxi. 27 The waters as they ran, redden'd with blood.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. ci. 192 Bright leaves, reddening ere they fall.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 84 His anger reddens in the heavens.

1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 160 Dark anthracite! that reddenest on my hearth.

1902 A. E. W. Mason Four Feathers xvii. 165 The sunlight mellowed and reddened.

1951 F. L. Lucas Greek Poetry for Everyman Introd. p. xxv But now, beyond the Straits of Otranto, dawn reddens on gaunt mountains towering like a rampart sheer from the Ionian Sea.

1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xxiv. 231 The willowherb came and the berries began to redden on the rowan trees.

2. Of a person.

a. intransitive. To become red in the face (with shame, rage, etc.); to blush, become flushed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > change colour > be or become red with emotion

redOE

glowc1386

blushc1450

colour1616

reddena1648

crimson1780

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (intransitive)] > look angry > of face: grow red with anger

reddena1648

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [verb (intransitive)] > blush

redOE

rudOE

glowc1386

blushc1450

colour1616

paint1631

reddena1648

vermilion1699

mantle1707

flush1709

crimson1780

rouge1780

ruddy1845

smoke1862

mount1894

rose1922

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 14 When occasion of offence was giuen him. I haue seene him redden in the Face.

1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Of Anger x. 81 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) Some Redden when they are Angry. Sylla was one of those; and when the Blood Flush'd into his Face, you might be sure he had Malice in his Heart.

1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 450 He would redden with Rage.

1781 W. Cowper Anti-Thelypthora 204 Reddening with a just and generous pride.

1834 H. Martineau Farrers of Budge-Row ii. 32 There was no more to be said; but Jane reddened all over.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. v. 124 She reddened..and said..‘I have a great admiration for Byron.’

1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. iii. 30 It was a time to see a woman redden... From the Maiden's Blush..down to the Crimson Tuscany, the countenance of Oak's acquaintance quickly graduated.

1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 16/4 A maddened expression leaped into Molly's eyes. ‘I drive there every day, but they won't let me see him,’ she said, reddening.

1971 I. Metzker & D. L. Levy tr. Bintel Brief 88 Every time I kiss the child I feel my wife's eyes on me, as if she wanted to shout, ‘Murderer!’ but she doesn't utter a word—only her face reddens.

2004 Daily Tel. 20 Apr. 21/1 ‘You are an optician, I believe,’ said an interviewer. ‘Well, I fit contact lenses,’ she replied, reddening, unwilling even to acknowledge professional success in the eyewear industry.

†b. intransitive. To grow ruddy with health. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 116 Here cloth'd and fed, no sooner he began To round and redden, than away he ran.

1868 F. N. Broome Poems from N.Z. 87 And faces where famine sat sallow, That redden with fulness of bread.

3. intransitive. Of the eyes: to become pink or red around the rims, esp. because of tears.

ΚΠ

1679 tr. M.-M. de La Fayette Princess of Cleves ii. 135 As she said these words, her Eyes redden'd.

1770 tr. A. F. Prévost Mem. Man of Quality II. xvi. 211 In spite of her firmness, her eyes reddened, and she shed a profusion of sorrow.

1879 L. B. Day Recoll. A. Duff xvi. 215 How his eyes reddened! How he sobbed!

1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 3 Nov. b1 He rolls his pudgy fingers into balls and his eyes redden as he tells his story.

2002 B. Goobie Lottery vi. 66 Her mother's eyes reddened... ‘You have a good day, sweetie,’ she said huskily.

4. Astronomy.

a. intransitive. Of a celestial object: to emit light that is of a longer wavelength (lower energy) and hence appears redder in colour.See note at sense 4b.

ΚΠ

1852 tr. A. Von Humboldt Cosmos III. 114 Captain Bérard..wrote from Madagascar in 1847, that he had for some years perceived α Crucis to be reddening.

1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics ii. xxii. 358 The curves of light-change..should flow parallel to one another; they would merge together if the star blanched, and diverge still farther if it reddened.

1973 V. Canuto in E. Abecassis de Laredo & N. K. Jurisic Sel. Topics Physics, Astrophysics & Biophysics 337 This increased area means that in order to maintain the same luminosity the temperature lowers, i.e., the surface reddens.

2000 S. Lilly in P. Binétruy Primordial Universe i. iv. 30 In broad terms, a given stellar population starts off bright and blue and reddens with time as the Main Sequence burns down.

2007 L. S. Sparke & J. S. Gallagher Galaxies in Universe (ed. 2) vi. 267 Over time the galaxy fades and slowly reddens, as the 4000 Å break becomes more pronounced.

b. transitive. To cause (light) from a celestial object to increase in wavelength and hence appear redder; to affect the light from (a star) in this way.The effect arises when some of the energy of the light is lost, e.g. through absorption by intervening material or from the effect of gravity, and also when its wavelength is increased as a result of the source receding from the observer (cf. redshift n.). The latter phenomenon arises in connection with the expansion of the universe. Cf. earlier intransitive use at sense 4a.

ΚΠ

1919 Sci. Monthly Dec. 509 If finely divided matter exists in inter-stellar space, the more distant stars will be distinctly reddened.

1933 A. S. Eddington Expanding Universe i. 23 The light coming to us from an atom on the sun uses up some of its energy in escaping from the sun's gravitational attraction, and consequently becomes slightly reddened.

1941 Sci. News Let. 1 Nov. 283/2 One such cloud reddens appreciably the brighter stars in the vicinity of the North Pole.

1958 Listener 11 Dec. 971/2 When we look at these distant regions we find that the light is reddened, indicating that the galaxies are receding from us.

1968 Times 13 Nov. 16/2 The other [view]..is that quasars are extremely massive objects, and that the light from them is reddened by gravitational effects.

2006 J. Silk Infinite Cosmos vi. 48 Scattering reddens the light of background stars.

5. intransitive. Of a pullet: to acquire a deeper shade of red in the comb and wattles as the bird approaches maturity and prepares to begin laying. Frequently with up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (intransitive)] > have specific physical characteristics (of hen)

redden1909

1909 T. W. Sturges Poultry Man. vii. 106 When a pullet is about to redden up and develop her comb previous to laying, the change from one pen to another will check this development.

1923 Times 17 Sept. 20/3 The rather more generous ration..is usually sufficient to bring into profitable production pullets..that are reddening in comb and showing the usual signs of an inclination to lay.

1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 332/3 If any [pullets] appear unlikely to start ‘reddening up’ for a month or more, they should..be sold immediately.

1967 T. R. Morris in T. C. Carter Environmental Control in Poultry Production ii. 27 Once the flock has begun to ‘redden up’ it is usually too late to alter sexual maturity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	redden
释义	reddenv. Brit. /ˈrɛdn/, U.S. /ˈrɛd(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: red adj., -en suffix⁵. Etymology: < red adj. + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier red v.¹, and also rudden v. 1. a. transitive. To make red, to impart a red colour to (a substance or thing).In quot. 1611: to make a reddish colour by curing (see red herring n. 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > make red [verb (transitive)] red?c1225 rud?c1225 rubifyc1450 inflame1477 keel1508 redden1552 rubrify1587 fire1597 blusha1616 over-reda1616 ruddy1689 rouge1815 1552 [implied in: R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Redned, ruddled, or couloured with redde. Rubricatus. (at reddened adj.)]. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Saurir les harencs, to redden Herrings. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 Scarcely the Knife was redden'd with his Gore. View more context for this quotation 1709 M. Prior Solomon iii. 26 To..Pale it with Rage, or redden it with Shame. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 219 The blazing Altars redden all the shore. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iv. 235 It may be mixed with..saltpetre to redden the meat. 1856 Ld. Tennyson Maud (rev. ed.) xix. vi, in Maud & Other Poems (new ed.) 68 This was what had redden'd her cheek When I bow'd to her on the moor. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. ii. iii. 161 All have fallen.., Reddening with their blood the water. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. iv. 53 This acid is, however, still strong enough to redden blue litmus, or the extract of blue cornflowers. 1970 N. Bawden Birds on Trees x. 172 Iris blew her nose, reddening the tip. 2002 Field & Stream Jan. 84/2 Nature doesn't rest until the last scrap of meat reddens the bill of the last magpie. b. intransitive. To grow or become red, to assume a red appearance. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > become red [verb (intransitive)] redOE ruddenc1225 flamec1400 redden1669 blush1679 fire1837 1669 R. Allestree 18 Serm. xviii. 328 You may behold them also tearing Christs wounds wider to mouth their swelling passion: we may see their anger redden with his Blood. 1699 S. Garth Dispensary i. 3 Chill Virgins redden into flame. 1700 W. Congreve Way of World ii. i. 20 I have seen the warm Confession red'ning on your Cheeks. 1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 17 For me the Balm shall bleed,..The Coral redden. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxi. 27 The waters as they ran, redden'd with blood. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year II. ci. 192 Bright leaves, reddening ere they fall. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 84 His anger reddens in the heavens. 1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 160 Dark anthracite! that reddenest on my hearth. 1902 A. E. W. Mason Four Feathers xvii. 165 The sunlight mellowed and reddened. 1951 F. L. Lucas Greek Poetry for Everyman Introd. p. xxv But now, beyond the Straits of Otranto, dawn reddens on gaunt mountains towering like a rampart sheer from the Ionian Sea. 1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xxiv. 231 The willowherb came and the berries began to redden on the rowan trees. 2. Of a person. a. intransitive. To become red in the face (with shame, rage, etc.); to blush, become flushed. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > change colour > be or become red with emotion redOE glowc1386 blushc1450 colour1616 reddena1648 crimson1780 the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (intransitive)] > look angry > of face: grow red with anger reddena1648 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [verb (intransitive)] > blush redOE rudOE glowc1386 blushc1450 colour1616 paint1631 reddena1648 vermilion1699 mantle1707 flush1709 crimson1780 rouge1780 ruddy1845 smoke1862 mount1894 rose1922 a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 14 When occasion of offence was giuen him. I haue seene him redden in the Face. 1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Of Anger x. 81 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) Some Redden when they are Angry. Sylla was one of those; and when the Blood Flush'd into his Face, you might be sure he had Malice in his Heart. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 450 He would redden with Rage. 1781 W. Cowper Anti-Thelypthora 204 Reddening with a just and generous pride. 1834 H. Martineau Farrers of Budge-Row ii. 32 There was no more to be said; but Jane reddened all over. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. v. 124 She reddened..and said..‘I have a great admiration for Byron.’ 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. iii. 30 It was a time to see a woman redden... From the Maiden's Blush..down to the Crimson Tuscany, the countenance of Oak's acquaintance quickly graduated. 1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 16/4 A maddened expression leaped into Molly's eyes. ‘I drive there every day, but they won't let me see him,’ she said, reddening. 1971 I. Metzker & D. L. Levy tr. Bintel Brief 88 Every time I kiss the child I feel my wife's eyes on me, as if she wanted to shout, ‘Murderer!’ but she doesn't utter a word—only her face reddens. 2004 Daily Tel. 20 Apr. 21/1 ‘You are an optician, I believe,’ said an interviewer. ‘Well, I fit contact lenses,’ she replied, reddening, unwilling even to acknowledge professional success in the eyewear industry. †b. intransitive. To grow ruddy with health. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 116 Here cloth'd and fed, no sooner he began To round and redden, than away he ran. 1868 F. N. Broome Poems from N.Z. 87 And faces where famine sat sallow, That redden with fulness of bread. 3. intransitive. Of the eyes: to become pink or red around the rims, esp. because of tears. ΚΠ 1679 tr. M.-M. de La Fayette Princess of Cleves ii. 135 As she said these words, her Eyes redden'd. 1770 tr. A. F. Prévost Mem. Man of Quality II. xvi. 211 In spite of her firmness, her eyes reddened, and she shed a profusion of sorrow. 1879 L. B. Day Recoll. A. Duff xvi. 215 How his eyes reddened! How he sobbed! 1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 3 Nov. b1 He rolls his pudgy fingers into balls and his eyes redden as he tells his story. 2002 B. Goobie Lottery vi. 66 Her mother's eyes reddened... ‘You have a good day, sweetie,’ she said huskily. 4. Astronomy. a. intransitive. Of a celestial object: to emit light that is of a longer wavelength (lower energy) and hence appears redder in colour.See note at sense 4b. ΚΠ 1852 tr. A. Von Humboldt Cosmos III. 114 Captain Bérard..wrote from Madagascar in 1847, that he had for some years perceived α Crucis to be reddening. 1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics ii. xxii. 358 The curves of light-change..should flow parallel to one another; they would merge together if the star blanched, and diverge still farther if it reddened. 1973 V. Canuto in E. Abecassis de Laredo & N. K. Jurisic Sel. Topics Physics, Astrophysics & Biophysics 337 This increased area means that in order to maintain the same luminosity the temperature lowers, i.e., the surface reddens. 2000 S. Lilly in P. Binétruy Primordial Universe i. iv. 30 In broad terms, a given stellar population starts off bright and blue and reddens with time as the Main Sequence burns down. 2007 L. S. Sparke & J. S. Gallagher Galaxies in Universe (ed. 2) vi. 267 Over time the galaxy fades and slowly reddens, as the 4000 Å break becomes more pronounced. b. transitive. To cause (light) from a celestial object to increase in wavelength and hence appear redder; to affect the light from (a star) in this way.The effect arises when some of the energy of the light is lost, e.g. through absorption by intervening material or from the effect of gravity, and also when its wavelength is increased as a result of the source receding from the observer (cf. redshift n.). The latter phenomenon arises in connection with the expansion of the universe. Cf. earlier intransitive use at sense 4a. ΚΠ 1919 Sci. Monthly Dec. 509 If finely divided matter exists in inter-stellar space, the more distant stars will be distinctly reddened. 1933 A. S. Eddington Expanding Universe i. 23 The light coming to us from an atom on the sun uses up some of its energy in escaping from the sun's gravitational attraction, and consequently becomes slightly reddened. 1941 Sci. News Let. 1 Nov. 283/2 One such cloud reddens appreciably the brighter stars in the vicinity of the North Pole. 1958 Listener 11 Dec. 971/2 When we look at these distant regions we find that the light is reddened, indicating that the galaxies are receding from us. 1968 Times 13 Nov. 16/2 The other [view]..is that quasars are extremely massive objects, and that the light from them is reddened by gravitational effects. 2006 J. Silk Infinite Cosmos vi. 48 Scattering reddens the light of background stars. 5. intransitive. Of a pullet: to acquire a deeper shade of red in the comb and wattles as the bird approaches maturity and prepares to begin laying. Frequently with up. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (intransitive)] > have specific physical characteristics (of hen) redden1909 1909 T. W. Sturges Poultry Man. vii. 106 When a pullet is about to redden up and develop her comb previous to laying, the change from one pen to another will check this development. 1923 Times 17 Sept. 20/3 The rather more generous ration..is usually sufficient to bring into profitable production pullets..that are reddening in comb and showing the usual signs of an inclination to lay. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 332/3 If any [pullets] appear unlikely to start ‘reddening up’ for a month or more, they should..be sold immediately. 1967 T. R. Morris in T. C. Carter Environmental Control in Poultry Production ii. 27 Once the flock has begun to ‘redden up’ it is usually too late to alter sexual maturity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1552
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