† refelv.

Forms: late Middle English reffel, late Middle English ryffel, late Middle English–1500s refelle, 1500s–1700s refel, 1500s–1700s refell.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin refellere.

Etymology: < classical Latin refellere to disprove, refute < re- re- prefix + fallere to deceive (see fail v.).Senses 2 and 3 apparently show developments within English.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To refute or disprove (an argument, opinion, error, etc.); to prove to be false or untenable.Common in the 16th and 17th centuries.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc.

assoilc1370

disprovec1380

soilc1380

conclude1388

unprovea1425

denyc1425

oppugn?1435

deprevea1450

refelc1450

disapprove1481

impreve1488

confute1529

deprove1530

convince?1531

refute1533

save1591

convict1593

elide1593

redargue1613

to wrestle off1639

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 41 (MED) Þe best citeceynes requyred her prest Augustin to speke with þis Fortunat & refelle..þe heresie with whech he had deseyued many soules.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 682/1 I can nat refell your argument, it is so evydent.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 98 It is most certainly otherwise, and his opinion therein easely refelled.

1583 W. Rainolds Refut. Sundry Reprehensions xiv. 430 Which one distinction answereth al the places that in this controuersie we bring out of the scriptures to refel their only faith.

1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 52 Such of those Tenents..which haue beene constantly oppugned, refelled, and disclaimed.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. 177 He took occasion to refell that slaunder, which some cast on Lecture-Preachers.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 33 Who can refell this with any better Argument than a Smile?

1713 R. Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking II. xlvii. 43 Not to coin Articles, but to explain them, and refell the Adversaries objections.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. ii. §80 72 It was the Case of a Peer,..else the Pretence had been refelled upon the Opening.

b. transitive. To refute or confute (a person).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)]

answerOE

bitavelena1225

allayc1275

confoundc1384

concludea1400

conclusea1400

forblenda1400

gainsaya1400

rejag1402

to bear downc1405

redarguea1425

repugn?a1425

reverse?c1430

improvec1443

reprovea1513

dissolve1529

revince1529

convince1530

confute1533

refel1534

refute1545

void1570

evict1583

infringe1590

reprehend1597

revert1598

evince1608

repel1613

to take off1618

unbubblea1640

invalid1643

invalidate1649

remove1652

retund1653

effronta1657

dispute1659

unreason1661

have1680

demolish1691

to blow sky-high1819

1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 65 These heretikes, sayncte Iohan euangeliste dothe openly refelle and confute.

1553 tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obediencia: Oration F viij b To refelle him y^t calleth him selfe chief untruly.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. K4^v Neither..able to..explane the scriptures, nor yet to refell and conuince the aduersarie.

1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 268 Junius may be refelled by his own chronicle.

1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 21 He is refelled, and he hath instantly done with anger and argument.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 480 Why then did not those profound Rabbies..baffle and refel these Babblers?

1759 J. White tr. Aristophanes Clouds 135 But, pray, what will you say now, if, in this, I thoroughly refel you?

c. intransitive. To refute or confute a person, argument, or position.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > oppose in argument, refute [verb (intransitive)]

answerOE

refel1572

refute1572

refragate1593

1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) sig. Aa/1 Infringe, refell, or to refute, Infringo.

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. xiv. 85 Tiberius himselfe..asked him many questions; not giuing libertie to refell or replie.

1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 83 The manner of them both is rather to rail and revile, then by arguing and reasoning to refel and refute.

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. xviii. 85 Places from like and unlike are of no great Use to prove or refel.

1731 J. Kersey New Eng. Dict. (ed. 3) To refel, to disprove by Arguments, to confute.

d. transitive. To cast doubt upon, deny. rare.

ΚΠ

1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades v. 76 As thou then didst refell: My valure first of all the host.

a. transitive. To repel, drive back, or repress (a person). Also intransitive.

ΚΠ

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lvij^v He determined as he might to refell and withstande the comen enemies of the realme.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lx. 95 They either had miserable ouer throw In rebelling, or streight after refelled.

a1637 B. Jonson Masque of Gypsies 89 in tr. Horace Art of Poetry (1640) Friends not to refell yee, Or any way quell yee.

1703 J. Disney Primitiæ Sacræ (ed. 2) xvi. 74 The Son of God refels his Enemy with Scripture, and answers all his batteries with the single protection of It Is Written.

b. transitive. To repulse or drive back (an attempt, undertaking, threat, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel

recoil?c1225

to turn againc1330

to put awayc1350

rebukec1380

to put abacka1382

to put againa1382

again-puta1400

rebut?a1425

repeal?a1425

retroylc1425

rebatea1475

repel?a1475

repulse?a1475

to put backa1500

refel1548

revert1575

rembar1588

to beat back1593

rebeat1595

reject1603

repress1623

rambarrea1630

stave1631

refringe1692

slap-back1931

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. liiii^v Not one of them would take hede how to resist and refell the present ieopardye whiche was commyng out of England.

1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xli. 51 Sic foly faill not to refell.

1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith vi. 89 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) One while her feare refeld her first entent.

1652 E. Benlowes Theophila ix. xlii. 135 Binde up what's loose, what's rash new-mold, refell What's ill.

1703 Christian's Duty 91 These snares and baits of Satan, are to be studied of those who are sworn to fight against them, that they may be able to refel, and answer them.

c. transitive. To clear (the mind) of something. rare.

ΚΠ

1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Aij^v Refel your minde of mourni[n]g plaints, deare mother rest your minde.

3. transitive. To reject; to refuse to accept, admit, or give heed to (a request, a thing offered, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject

awarpc1000

forwerpeOE

warpc1000

nillOE

warnc1300

reprovec1350

to put abacka1382

to throw awaya1382

repugnc1384

to put awaya1387

waivec1386

forshoota1400

disavowc1400

defyc1405

disprovec1430

repelc1443

flemea1450

to put backa1500

reject?1504

refutea1513

repulse1533

refel1548

repudiate1548

disallowa1555

project?1567

expel1575

discard1578

overrule1578

forsay1579

check1601

decard1605

dismiss1608

reprobate1609

devow1610

retorta1616

disclaimc1626

noforsootha1644

respuate1657

reluctate1668

negative1778

no-ball1862

basket1867

to set one's foot down1873

not to have any (of it, that, this)1895

to put down1944

eighty-six1959

neg1987

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxviii This my lowly requeste..(whiche I thynke your clemencie wil not reiect nor refell).

1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. xv. 398 The other signification of imposing handes is gone, which Mayster Whitgift defendeth, and the popular election is brought in, which he refelleth.

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 13 I once determind, still to haue beene mute, Onelie by silence to refell thy sute.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 599 Your offered fauours..I deserue not; neither is my present estate and desert towards you such, as that I dare or ought to refell the same.

Derivatives

refeller n. a person who refutes someone or something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > one who refutes

improver1566

refuter1583

confuter1589

confutant1642

refeller1652

disprover1682

exploder1776

confutator1849

invalidator1869

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια Ep. Ded. sig. A3^v A teacher of truth,..a refeller of falshood.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	refel
释义	† refelv. Forms: late Middle English reffel, late Middle English ryffel, late Middle English–1500s refelle, 1500s–1700s refel, 1500s–1700s refell. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin refellere. Etymology: < classical Latin refellere to disprove, refute < re- re- prefix + fallere to deceive (see fail v.).Senses 2 and 3 apparently show developments within English. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To refute or disprove (an argument, opinion, error, etc.); to prove to be false or untenable.Common in the 16th and 17th centuries. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc. assoilc1370 disprovec1380 soilc1380 conclude1388 unprovea1425 denyc1425 oppugn?1435 deprevea1450 refelc1450 disapprove1481 impreve1488 confute1529 deprove1530 convince?1531 refute1533 save1591 convict1593 elide1593 redargue1613 to wrestle off1639 c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 41 (MED) Þe best citeceynes requyred her prest Augustin to speke with þis Fortunat & refelle..þe heresie with whech he had deseyued many soules. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 682/1 I can nat refell your argument, it is so evydent. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 98 It is most certainly otherwise, and his opinion therein easely refelled. 1583 W. Rainolds Refut. Sundry Reprehensions xiv. 430 Which one distinction answereth al the places that in this controuersie we bring out of the scriptures to refel their only faith. 1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 52 Such of those Tenents..which haue beene constantly oppugned, refelled, and disclaimed. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. 177 He took occasion to refell that slaunder, which some cast on Lecture-Preachers. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 33 Who can refell this with any better Argument than a Smile? 1713 R. Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking II. xlvii. 43 Not to coin Articles, but to explain them, and refell the Adversaries objections. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. ii. §80 72 It was the Case of a Peer,..else the Pretence had been refelled upon the Opening. b. transitive. To refute or confute (a person). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] answerOE bitavelena1225 allayc1275 confoundc1384 concludea1400 conclusea1400 forblenda1400 gainsaya1400 rejag1402 to bear downc1405 redarguea1425 repugn?a1425 reverse?c1430 improvec1443 reprovea1513 dissolve1529 revince1529 convince1530 confute1533 refel1534 refute1545 void1570 evict1583 infringe1590 reprehend1597 revert1598 evince1608 repel1613 to take off1618 unbubblea1640 invalid1643 invalidate1649 remove1652 retund1653 effronta1657 dispute1659 unreason1661 have1680 demolish1691 to blow sky-high1819 1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 65 These heretikes, sayncte Iohan euangeliste dothe openly refelle and confute. 1553 tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obediencia: Oration F viij b To refelle him y^t calleth him selfe chief untruly. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. K4^v Neither..able to..explane the scriptures, nor yet to refell and conuince the aduersarie. 1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 268 Junius may be refelled by his own chronicle. 1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 21 He is refelled, and he hath instantly done with anger and argument. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 480 Why then did not those profound Rabbies..baffle and refel these Babblers? 1759 J. White tr. Aristophanes Clouds 135 But, pray, what will you say now, if, in this, I thoroughly refel you? c. intransitive. To refute or confute a person, argument, or position. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > oppose in argument, refute [verb (intransitive)] answerOE refel1572 refute1572 refragate1593 1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) sig. Aa/1 Infringe, refell, or to refute, Infringo. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. xiv. 85 Tiberius himselfe..asked him many questions; not giuing libertie to refell or replie. 1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 83 The manner of them both is rather to rail and revile, then by arguing and reasoning to refel and refute. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. xviii. 85 Places from like and unlike are of no great Use to prove or refel. 1731 J. Kersey New Eng. Dict. (ed. 3) To refel, to disprove by Arguments, to confute. d. transitive. To cast doubt upon, deny. rare. ΚΠ 1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades v. 76 As thou then didst refell: My valure first of all the host. 2. a. transitive. To repel, drive back, or repress (a person). Also intransitive. ΚΠ 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lvij^v He determined as he might to refell and withstande the comen enemies of the realme. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lx. 95 They either had miserable ouer throw In rebelling, or streight after refelled. a1637 B. Jonson Masque of Gypsies 89 in tr. Horace Art of Poetry (1640) Friends not to refell yee, Or any way quell yee. 1703 J. Disney Primitiæ Sacræ (ed. 2) xvi. 74 The Son of God refels his Enemy with Scripture, and answers all his batteries with the single protection of It Is Written. b. transitive. To repulse or drive back (an attempt, undertaking, threat, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel recoil?c1225 to turn againc1330 to put awayc1350 rebukec1380 to put abacka1382 to put againa1382 again-puta1400 rebut?a1425 repeal?a1425 retroylc1425 rebatea1475 repel?a1475 repulse?a1475 to put backa1500 refel1548 revert1575 rembar1588 to beat back1593 rebeat1595 reject1603 repress1623 rambarrea1630 stave1631 refringe1692 slap-back1931 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. liiii^v Not one of them would take hede how to resist and refell the present ieopardye whiche was commyng out of England. 1573 J. Davidson Breif Commendatioun Vprichtnes xli. 51 Sic foly faill not to refell. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith vi. 89 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) One while her feare refeld her first entent. 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila ix. xlii. 135 Binde up what's loose, what's rash new-mold, refell What's ill. 1703 Christian's Duty 91 These snares and baits of Satan, are to be studied of those who are sworn to fight against them, that they may be able to refel, and answer them. c. transitive. To clear (the mind) of something. rare. ΚΠ 1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Aij^v Refel your minde of mourni[n]g plaints, deare mother rest your minde. 3. transitive. To reject; to refuse to accept, admit, or give heed to (a request, a thing offered, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject awarpc1000 forwerpeOE warpc1000 nillOE warnc1300 reprovec1350 to put abacka1382 to throw awaya1382 repugnc1384 to put awaya1387 waivec1386 forshoota1400 disavowc1400 defyc1405 disprovec1430 repelc1443 flemea1450 to put backa1500 reject?1504 refutea1513 repulse1533 refel1548 repudiate1548 disallowa1555 project?1567 expel1575 discard1578 overrule1578 forsay1579 check1601 decard1605 dismiss1608 reprobate1609 devow1610 retorta1616 disclaimc1626 noforsootha1644 respuate1657 reluctate1668 negative1778 no-ball1862 basket1867 to set one's foot down1873 not to have any (of it, that, this)1895 to put down1944 eighty-six1959 neg1987 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxviii This my lowly requeste..(whiche I thynke your clemencie wil not reiect nor refell). 1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. xv. 398 The other signification of imposing handes is gone, which Mayster Whitgift defendeth, and the popular election is brought in, which he refelleth. 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 13 I once determind, still to haue beene mute, Onelie by silence to refell thy sute. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 599 Your offered fauours..I deserue not; neither is my present estate and desert towards you such, as that I dare or ought to refell the same. Derivatives refeller n. a person who refutes someone or something. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > one who refutes improver1566 refuter1583 confuter1589 confutant1642 refeller1652 disprover1682 exploder1776 confutator1849 invalidator1869 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια Ep. Ded. sig. A3^v A teacher of truth,..a refeller of falshood. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1450
随便看	to gird one's loins to gird one's reins to gird out to gird the loins to gird to death to gird to ground to gird together to gird up to gird up the loins to girdle about, in, round to girn at to girt against to girth on, up to give a (occasionally thing) the fingers to give a a person a miss to give a baby the breast to give a backie to give a bad name to give a ball to give a ball air to give a beating to give a bell to give a big hand to give a blank cheque to to give a bloody nose