单词 | recruitment |
释义 | recruitmentn. 1. a. The action or process of enlisting new military personnel; an instance of this; (more generally) the acquisition of new members, employees, supporters, etc. Cf. recruit v. 4. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > [noun] enrolling1467 raisec1500 conscription1529 prest1542 enrolment1552 listing1641 delectus1656 enlisting1757 enlistment1765 recruitment1793 crimping1795 sign-up1908 induction1934 society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > recruitment or hiring hiringc1400 retainer1467 retainder1495 recruitment1793 employing1829 feeing1865 rehire1945 1793 H. M. Williams Lett. France IV. iv. 124 Two other armies..are placed in the center, to keep internal order, and serve as depots for recruitment and occasional service. 1799 Edinb. Advertiser 9 Apr. 230/2 The Court..are of opinion, That the prisoner..did make an offer to receive horses for the late augmentation and recruitment of his regiment. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present i. v. 39 Do you expect..that your indispensable Aristocracy of Talent is to be enlisted straightway, by some sort of recruitment aforethought, out of the general population? 1878 N. Amer. Rev. 126 216 The officer in charge of the recruitment of the army. 1914 Hansard Lords 24 Nov. 459 My original arrangement with Lord Kitchener was that a starred man should neither be solicited for recruitment nor accepted for the Army if he offered himself. 1945 in Amer. Speech (1946) 21 78/2 The material included with this letter describes..the availability of recruitments from this company. 1991 Brit. Jrnl. Criminol. 21 366 Recruitment from minority ethnic groups is not a specialist activity for the staff of a specialist police recruiting department; it is an aspect of all officers' work. 2005 P. W. Singer in A. Bryden & H. Hänggi Security Governance in Post-conflict Peacebuilding iii. vi. 120 Progress has been made in recent years towards bringing attention to the recruitment and use of child soldiers. b. Restoration to health or strength; recovery, refreshment, reinvigoration. Cf. recruit v. 3. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > restoration to health recovery1517 restorative1528 restoration1638 recuperation1703 revification1712 resuscitation1721 re-establishment1753 recruital1754 recruitment1862 recuperance1887 pickupa1916 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] heartingOE coolingc1350 refreshinga1382 recreationa1393 easement?a1400 rehetinga1400 freshing1422 refrigery?a1425 refectionc1450 refreshmenta1470 refrigeration1502 corroborating1530 recreating1538 comfortation1543 repast1546 rousing?a1563 refocillation1570 refresh1592 inanimationa1631 recruita1643 irrigationa1660 quicking1661 invigoration1662 reinvigoration1663 recuperation1703 rally1826 recruiting1840 energizing1841 recreance1842 inspiriting1846 animation1855 recruitment1862 inspiritment1886 pepping up1916 1862 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 518 Sleep..is necessary for the recruitment of the little weary frame. 1896 J. B. Thomson Life Jos. Thompson 116 It required only a week or two..to give him perfect recruitment and re-invigoration. 1915 D. Lloyd George in Morning Post 2 Mar. 7/2 It has been a great pleasure to me to come down to Llandudno, a great recruitment. c. Ecology. Increase in a natural population as a result of progeny reaching a certain size or condition (esp. sexual maturity) and through the arrival of new members from elsewhere; the extent of such an increase. Cf. recruit n. 1d. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > population > [noun] > recruitment or recolonization recolonization1923 recruitment1938 1938 Jrnl. du Conseil Internat. pour l'Explor. de la Mer 10 266 A stock will be in equilibrium with fishing when..C = A + G − M where C is capture, A is recruitment, G is growth, M is natural mortality. 1954 W. E. Hiley Woodland Managem. xx. 357 A number of trees will be included, which have grown..but were omitted from the earlier enumeration because they had not then reached this size. These are called ‘recruited trees’... It has been claimed that the volume of these trees—the recruitment—should be omitted from the calculation. 1970 S. H. Gardiner tr. E. Assmann Princ. Forest Yield Study 459 The lower the threshold of measurable diameter the smaller is the amount of recruitment. 2006 Molecular Ecol. 15 89/1 Small populations that are more dependent on immigration for recruitment tend to have sex ratios biased towards the dispersing sex. d. Biology and Medicine. The incorporation or migration of cells into a tissue or compartment of the body; spec. the attraction of cells of the immune system into a region in response to infection, injury, etc. Cf. recruit v. 8. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > action or process of secreting > [noun] > resorption, retention, or recruitment retentivea1398 retention?a1425 resorption1714 recruitment1948 1948 Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 41 752 At any spot where infecting organisms are detained, there occur local production of antibodies and local recruitment of cells of the system. 1969 Jrnl. Immunol. 103 668 (title) Recruitment and proliferation of immunocompetent cells during the log phase of the primary antibody response. 1973 Lab. Investig. 28 56/1 Small bronchioles, bronchi, and tracheas showed cells distributed within all three layers which suggested recruitment by movement of cells from capillaries through the epithelium to airway lumina. 1985 Agents & Actions 16 48/1 Amplification and perpetuation of the primary inflammatory response depends on leukocyte recruitment by leukotaxis. 2007 Toxicol. Lett. 168 95/1 The loss of functional endothelium leads to..recruitment of leukocytes to the site of vascular injury. 2. A reinforcement. Cf. recruit v. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > a supply > a fresh or additional supply re-enforcement1577 resupply1579 replenishment1607 reinforcement1625 recruital1648 recruit1650 replenish1654 recruitment1799 refill1883 reload1928 1799 tr. F. D'Ivernois Hist. & Polit. Surv. Losses French Nation v. 206 The new recruitments include all the young men who were destined to fill up the void of which Baraillon complained [Fr. Croirait-on qu'on vient d'envelopper dans le nouveau recrutement des armées, tous les jeunes gens qui s'étaient destinés a remplir les vuides dont Baraillon s'était plaint..?]. 1824 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 16 495 A recruitment to the mob that was inside broke in from the streets. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xv. vii. 100 The sicknesses are ceasing; the recruitments are coming in. 1955 Textile Procurement in Mil. Services (U.S. Senate Comm. Govt. Operations) i. 16 Did you tell the people in charge..to select the new recruitments as the original recruitments were selected, from within the services? 1982 J. Unger Educ. under Mao 107 A near-majority of the ‘veteran’ League members..were of non-red origin, while the new recruitments were topheavy with good-class credentials. 3. a. Physiology. Originally: the activation of progressively more motor neurons in response to prolongation of the stimulus during the development of a reflex. Later also more widely: the bringing into activity of more muscle fibres, muscles, etc. Cf. recruit v. 4f. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reception or transmission of impulses reflection1836 irradiation1847 conduction1855 diffusion1859 projection1872 conductivity1881 fusion1892 facilitation1894 reciprocal innervation1896 chemoreception1901 photoreception1902 neurotropism1905 proprioception1906 cheirokinaesthesia1913 schema1920 recruitment1923 conductance1926 volley1928 rectification1941 supersensitivity1949 mechanoreception1958 neurotransmission1961 electroreception1963 phototransduction1972 somatotopy1976 1923 E. G. T. Liddell & C. S. Sherrington in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 95 335 The several forms assumed by the course of the ascent indicate the various time relations exhibited by the progressive involvement of additional motoneurones during the development of the reflex. That process may, for convenience of statement, be designated ‘recruitment’. 1937 C. H. Best & N. B. Taylor Physiol. Basis Med. Pract. lxv. 1278 Many reflexes gradually increase to a maximum when a stimulus of unaltered intensity is merely prolonged. This is due to the activation of a progressively greater number of motoneurons. The phenomenon is called recruitment and is figuratively spoken of as ‘inertia’ by Sherrington. 1943 Jrnl. Exper. Psychol. 33 208 Represent the progressive recruitment of synaptic pathways involved. 1975 A. J. Vander et al. Human Physiol. (ed. 2) viii. 210 The tension of the muscle can be controlled by the recruitment of additional motor units. 1990 Brain 113 343 It remains to be demonstrated whether the determinant factor is actually the size of the external load per se or the degree of recruitment of the working muscle. 2003 Muscle & Fitness Jan. 164/1 It [sc. boxercise] combines use of both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems with the systematic recruitment of both fast and slow twitch muscle fibres. b. Medicine. In auditory testing: a phenomenon characteristic of certain types of hearing impairment, in which increasing the objective intensity of test sounds results in a greater than normal increase in their perceived loudness. More fully auditory recruitment, loudness recruitment. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of ear > disordered hearing > [noun] > other hearing disorders hyperacusis1825 oxyecoia1848 hypacusis1886 recruitment1937 hypoacusis1947 1937 E. P. Fowler in Arch. Otolaryngol. 26 517 When there is no recruitment of loudness in the poorer ear, i.e., no change in the differences in hearing at the thresholds required to balance the loud sounds binaurally, it means that there is an impedance (conduction) lesion in the poorer ear. 1948 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 41 517 The deafness of the affected ear present at threshold disappears at higher intensities, and this in its simplest terms constitutes the phenomenon of Loudness Recruitment. 1960 Jrnl. Speech & Hearing Res. 3 15/1 The classical technique for the direct measurement of loudness recruitment in subjects with unilateral hearing loss is performed by having the subject equate the loudness of a pure tone on one ear with the loudness of a pure tone of identical frequency on the other ear. 1998 Jrnl. Acoustical Soc. Amer. 103 2010 The results..suggest a correspondence between BM [sc. basilar membrane] displacement and loudness perception in cases of recruitment. Compounds C1. attributive (in sense 1a), as recruitment effort, recruitment policy, recruitment process, recruitment service, etc. ΚΠ 1924 Times 15 Mar. 9/4 A demand for the cessation of the European recruitment services. 1935 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 181 86/2 A major function of every personnel bureau will always be that of administering the recruitment policy. 1958 Times 26 Mar. (Careers in Industry Suppl.) p. xxiii One may study the recruitment literature of many employers. 1971 M. E. Ray Recruitment Advertising i. 9 Recruitment advertising is but a small part of the wide and varied duties of a Personnel Officer. 1990 Hispanic Apr. 38/1 Recruitment efforts have been targeted at colleges and universities with a high enrollment of Hispanics. 2003 Franchise Mag. New Year Issue 39/1 (advt.) Such is our confidence in the recruitment process that we are prepared to contractually offer you a guaranteed supply of work. C2. recruitment agency n. ΚΠ 1942 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 4 Jan. 10/2 The Coshocton Employment Security Center, designated..as the official defense recruitment agency in this area. 2000 Sunday Times 23 July (Money section) 5/3 Those in professional jobs receive regular calls from head-hunters and recruitment agencies trying to get them to move companies. recruitment campaign n. ΚΠ 1928 Times 21 May 10/5 There had been a great accession of strength..to the trade union movement as a whole as a result of the recruitment campaign. 2005 Computer Weekly 12 July 22/3 Some companies have active recruitment campaigns, some don't. recruitment consultant n. ΚΠ 1943 Helena (Montana) Independent 13 Oct. 5/5 The recruitment consultant will remain in this city until Friday. 2000 Independent 15 Feb. i. 1/4 In a survey recently conducted by the recruitment consultants Office World, two in 10 people confessed to using jargon they didn't understand, simply to keep up appearances. recruitment drive n. ΚΠ 1938 N.Y. Times 7 May 14/5 Why is the British War Minister raising women's units as part of a high-pressure recruitment drive? 2003 P. M. Garrett Remaking Social Work with Children & Families ii. viii. 136 Similar recruitment drives for nurses and teachers..offered additional money to attract people. recruitment office n. ΚΠ 1900 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Evening Gaz. 16 Aug. 6/7 A Chinese recruitment office has been established at Andjui in Mongolia. 2000 A. Ghosh Glass Palace (2001) xxiv. 290 His relatives urged him to report to the local recruitment office. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1793 |
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