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单词 redcap
释义

redcapn.

Brit. /ˈrɛdkap/, U.S. /ˈrɛdˌkæp/
Forms: see red adj. and n. and cap n.1 Also as two words.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: red adj., cap n.1
Etymology: < red adj. + cap n.1With sense 1a compare later red hat n. 1b, and also Middle French, French †chapeau rouge (see red hat n.), post-classical Latin capellus rubeus (from 14th cent. in British sources). With sense 1e compare French bonnet rouge (see bonnet rouge n.). In senses 1f and 1g so called on account of the uniforms worn. (On the probable origin of the red cap worn by railway porters in the United States see discussion in American Speech 43 (1968) 312–3.) In sense 2b so called on account of the bird's red face. In sense 2c so called on account of the flower's red colour; compare earlier redweed n. 1.
1. A person who wears a red cap.
a. A cardinal; = red hat n. 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > cardinal > [noun]
cardinallOE
redcap?1539
carnalc1540
prince1581
red hat1598
purple father1615
national1625
eminence1653
eminency1670
nationist1670
redshank1824
?1539 in MS Transcripts from Rome Archives (P.R.O.: PRO 31/9/65) (1894) f. 321v The said devorse shuld be the grete fall and utter distruction of the said Red cap which was the late cardinall [sc. Wolsey]..Till by a nother Red cap the lande shuld be reconciled or ells brought to utter distruccion.
1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 236 A silly frumpe of a White-liverd Red-cap.
1694 C. Cotton tr. L. Pontis Mem. ii. v. 236 Writing in a passion, I inveigh'd bitterly against him [sc. a cardinal], and laid him out in his true colours, mentioning him in scurrilous terms, as Hat, and Redcap, and the like.
b. More generally: (the name of) a person who is noted for or distinguished by wearing a red cap or hat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing headgear > one who
redcap1550
flat cap1599
sash1657
black cap1856
white hat1872
shawlie1914
raghead1917
hijabi1986
1550 in Acts Privy Council (1891) III. 6 Captaine Redde Cappe, one of the rebelles of the last yere.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 78 That colour on their cheekes you behold superficializd, is but sir Iohn whites, or sir Iohn Red-caps liuery.
1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. L4v Runne Red-cap, ware hornes there.
1705 Introd. Hist. Kingdoms & States Asia i. 351 Amurath was slain by the Red-Caps, because he would not receive their Religion.
1774 Ann. Reg. 1773 75/2 He commanded the Yorkshire troop of redcaps in the first Scotch warr.
1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley xxxvii. 205 Now push along old red-cap.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island v. xxv. 200 There were the two watchmen, sure enough: red-cap on his back, as stiff as a handspike.
1902 T. A. Janvier Christmas Kalends Provence viii. 64 ‘Good, very good, citizen!’ said old Red-cap.
2016 @Slarnos 4 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 7 Sept. 2021) So if Mussolini had Blackshirts does that make Trump's followers Redcaps?
c. Mother Redcap (also Old Mother Redcap): (the name of) a disreputable woman, esp. a female innkeeper. Now historical and rare.The works referred to in quots. 1595 and 15972 are no longer extant. The latter work may be based on the former, or perhaps on the case of witchcraft alluded to in quot. 15971. A number of public houses throughout the British Isles still bear the name, in some cases supposedly in connection with a particular figure from local legend.
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1595 in E. Arber Transcript Reg. Company of Stationers 1554–1640 (1875) II. 130 Thomas Creede. Entred for his Copie under the handes of bothe the wardens a booke entituled Mother Redd Cappe her laste will and Testament conteyning sundrye conceipted and pleasant tales furnished with moche varyetie to move Delighte.
1597 J. Bee Storie Witch named Alse Gooderige 31 Yonder comes mother Redde Cap, looke how they beate her braines out, see what it is to be a witch: see how the toades gnaw the flesh from her bones.
1597 P. Henslowe Diary 22 Dec. (1845) 106 Layd owt, the 22 of desembr 1597, for a boocke called mother Redcape, to antony monday and Mr Drayton.
1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 172 Quoth mother Red-cap, you haue hit it right.
a1635 T. Randolph Muses Looking-glasse iii. i. 41 in Poems (1638) I bethink my selfe That I have seene in mother Red-caps Hall In painted cloath the story of the Prodigall.
a1687 C. Cotton Poet. Wks. (1765) 99 Her Grace Finds me among a Crew of mad-caps, Æneas, at one Mother Red-Cap's.
1777 Fashion 9 As florid as e'er fat old mother red-cap, Upon a poor sign post, drinking her heel-tap.
1795 J. Wolcot Wks. (1812) III. 118 Since Impudence, assuming Freedom's form Near Mother Redcap brews the dangerous storm.
a1833 J. T. Smith Bk. for Rainy Day (1845) 20 It has been stated that Mother Red Cap was the ‘Mother Damnable’ of Kentish Town in early days.
1853 A. M. Howitt Art-student in Munich I. xvii. 174 The tall, shadowy figure of a student, arrayed in a long grey cloak, with a pointed hood standing up on his head, in a wizard or ‘Mother Red-cap’ style.
2004 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 15 June 30 The exploits of the notorious Mother Redcap take centre stage... The play tells the tale of the so-called ‘foster mother of wild spirits’ whose cottage..was a haven for smugglers, wreckers and fugitives from press-gangs in 18th-century Wirral.
d. Chiefly Scottish, English regional (northern), and Irish English (northern). (The name of) a kind of sprite or goblin.
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the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin > specific types of
gay horse1483
roblet-led1647
redcap?1790
erl-king1797
red-cowl1816
bottle imp1823
gremlin1929
?1790 Dodsley's Chron. Kings Eng. (new ed.) 81 They threatened to invade the land with a great army of demons whom they called redcaps.
1802 J. Leyden Ld. Soulis in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 348 But Redcap sly, unseen was by, And the ropes would neither twist nor twine.
1802 W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 335 (note) Redcap is a popular appellation of that class of spirits which haunt old castles.
1886 H. Cunliffe Gloss. Rochdale-with-Rossendale Words & Phrases Redcap, that which induces a person to run away from his work. The people say such a one ‘has seen Redcap’.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. at Red adj. Red-cap, a cruel, mischievous spirit with very long teeth, regarded as inhabiting old towers, castles, and peel-houses.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 273/1 Redcap, a bogle, a hobgoblin.
e. In the French Revolution: a republican, a revolutionary. Cf. bonnet rouge n. Now historical.
ΚΠ
1793 Free Communing 14 The challenge was given in these words: ‘Do you acknowledge the French Republic?’ If we answered in the negative, we drew upon the resentment of the red caps, alias mad caps, of that country.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vi. v. 376 Your fell Red Caps are heard in the Corridor rummaging and slamming.
1861 C. Knight Pop. Hist. Eng. VII. xvii. 309 The Tricoteuses again sit upon its [sc. the guillotine's] steps; and the passing red-caps speak out the name of their faithful servant.
1924 D. Moore (title) In the reign of the red cap.
1989 A. Goldhammer tr. F. Furet & M. Ozouf Crit. Dict. French Revol. i. 129 A host of pikes and red caps milled about in the neighboring streets.
f. Chiefly U.S. A railway porter.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > porter > types of
wine-porter1580
street porter1606
tackle-house porter1606
tackle-porter1607
sealed porter1631
ticket-porter1646
tub-woman1660
keep-door1682
Suisse1763
bamboo-coolie1800
hop-porter1812
plyer1826
night porter1841
fellowship1864
hall-porter1883
mobber1892
redcap1903
badgeman1904
bummaree1954
1903 Pittsburg (Pa.) Post 10 Apr. 16/1 One of the local roads for some time has been employing station porters—‘red caps’ as the trainmen call them—to assist passengers with their bundles.
1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xxi. 227 A man shouted ‘taxi’ at them; a redcap tried to take Fonzo's bag.
1960 B. Keaton My Wonderful World of Slapstick iii. 59 Kelly didn't explain that there were no redcaps at Victoria Station.
1977 Times 19 Apr. 15/7 In France and Switzerland the larger stations have ‘red cap’ porters who shift baggage on a prescribed tariff.
2003 V. O. Carter Such Sweet Thunder 403 Redcaps rushed up to carry the bags of the passengers who streamed into the station.
g. British Military slang. A member of the military police.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > military policeman
Jack1854
military policeman1883
redcap1919
snowdrop1944
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > military police > military policeman
provost marshal1535
provost1590
field marshal1690
provost sergeant1825
Jack1854
military policeman1883
MP1889
redcap1919
shore patrolman1944
snowdrop1944
1919 Athenæum 1 Aug. 695/1 In your July 18 issue a correspondent mentions ‘red-hat’ as an army policeman. I have always found ‘red-cap’ to be the more familiar term.
1949 G. Cotterell Randle in Springtime 7 ‘Mind yourself, there are some redcaps in that jeep.’ ‘I seen 'em,’ the driver grinned, slowing down to below forty miles an hour, as another jeep, containing three Military Policemen, approached and passed them.
1976 J. O'Connor Eleventh Commandment iv. 53 She used to take me to night~clubs tucked away which no officers or redcaps knew about.
2008 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 7 The father of a Welsh Redcap murdered by an Iraqi mob is to sue the Government for botching the inquiry.
2.
a. A kind of bivalve shell found on British shores (not identified). Obsolete. rare.E. Mendes da Costa (1778) identifies Petiver's species as Tellina rubra (= Macoma balthica).
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > miscellaneous types > other types of mollusc
squame1393
shell-worm1591
spout-fish1594
pentadactyl1601
sea cucumber1601
pirot1611
worm1621
nun-fish1661
scarlet mussel1672
sea-navel1678
redcap?1711
strawberry cockle1713
sea-finger1748
sea-nail1748
sea-acorn1755
coneya1757
compass1776
bubble shell1818
glass-shell1851
golden comb1857
cryptodont1893
nuculoid1960
?1711 J. Petiver Gazophylacii X. Table 94 Red-Cap, [or] Spoon-egg... Each of these Valves resembles a Tea-Spoon; and both shut, a small Egg.
b. Chiefly English regional (northern). The Eurasian goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis. Cf. black cap n. 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis carduelis (goldfinch)
goldfincheOE
goldspinka1522
carduel?1530
thistle-finch1589
thistlewarp1598
fool's coata1682
grey pate1728
tailor-warbler1783
redcap1785
sheriff's man1796
goldie?1800
King Harry1824
sweet-william1848
tailor1848
thistle-bird1872
thistle-feeder1904
1785 Gentleman's Mag. 55 ii. 534/2 Many birds..seem to have particular names in these parts [sc. Yorkshire]. Woodpeckers..[are called] pickatrees, [and] gold-finches, red-caps.
1827 J. Clare Shepherd's Cal. 6 The red-cap, hanging over head, In cage of wire.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 23 The redcap whistled, and the nightingale Sang loud.
1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) 436 Redcap, the goldfinch.
1898 Yorks. Weekly Post 31 Dec. 24/2 Yorkshire terms I have heard..: Goldfinch, Redcap.
c. British regional. The corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > poppy and allied flowers > allied flowers
poppyOE
horned poppy1548
yellow poppy1548
sea poppy1562
garden poppy1577
wind-rose1597
prickly poppy1648
squatmore1691
oriental poppy1731
Welsh poppy1731
infernal fig1760
Mexican poppy1811
Meconopsis1836
redcap1846
horn-poppy1851
squirrel-corn1856
eschscholtzia1857
dielytra1864
Dicentra1866
yellow thistle1866
turkey-corn1884
Shirley poppy1886
1846 J. W. Loudon Brit. Wild Flowers 25 The farmers call it Red-weed, Red Cap, Corn Rose.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.?1539
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