reann.

Brit.

/riːn/, U.S.

/rin/, Welsh English

/riːn/

Forms:

α. late Middle English rene.

β. 1500s–1600s reane, 1500s–1700s rean; English regional 1600s 1800s– reean, 1800s reane, 1800s reang (northern), 1800s reayne (Westmorland), 1800s– rean, 1800s– reann (Cumberland), 1800s– reeand (Yorkshire).

γ. English regional 1800s– reen, 1800s– reend (northern), 1800s– reene, 1800s– rhein, 1800s– rhene; also Welsh English 1800s– rheen.

δ. English regional 1800s– rian (Cumberland, in sense 2), 1800s– r'yan (Yorkshire, in sense 2), 1800s– ryen (Lancashire), 1900s– ryan (Yorkshire, in sense 2).

Origin: Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rain n.²

Etymology: Apparently ultimately related to rain n.², although the nature of the relationship is unclear. Perhaps a variant of that word (although the phonology poses difficulties: see below), or perhaps the reflex of an unattested Old English variant (with i-mutation) of Old English rān rone n.¹The majority of the forms point to developments from Middle English open ē (as do the rhymes with lean adj. and unclean adj. in quots. ?1440 at sense 1a, ?1440 at sense 2), but it is very difficult to reconcile this with the various explanations that have been offered of this word as a borrowing of the early Scandinavian form of the etymon of rain n.² (as in E. Björkman Scand. Loan-words in Middle Eng. (1900) i. i. 63). The forms in the various dialects would be explained well by Middle English open ē as the reflex of Old English ǣ in a variant (with i-mutation) of the same Germanic base as Old English rān rone n.¹, but against this is the lack of any attestations from Old English or early Middle English, and the lack of any obvious motivation for suffixation of the Germanic base. Some regional forms may simply represent northern pronunciations of rain n.² With forms in final -nd compare rand n.¹ 1. In sense 1a occasionally identified with rhine n.³ (see quot. 1867 at sense 1a) and perhaps influenced by that word (compare γ. forms with initial rh-).

Now chiefly English regional and Welsh English.

a. A deep furrow used for conducting drainage water from a field or other piece of ground, a water-furrow; (also) a furrow between ridges in a ploughed field; = rain n.² 2. Now English regional and Welsh English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch

dikec893

gripa1000

ditch1045

fosselOE

water-furrowlOE

sow1316

furrowc1330

rick1332

sewer1402

gripplec1440

soughc1440

grindle1463

sheugh1513

syre1513

rain?1523

trench1523

slough1532

drain1552

fowsie?1553

thorougha1555

rean1591

potting1592

trink1592

syver1606

graft1644

work1649

by-ditch1650

water fence1651

master drain1652

rode1662

pudge1671

gripe1673

sulcus1676

rhine1698

rilling1725

mine1743

foot trench1765

through1777

trench drain1779

trenchlet1782

sunk fence1786

float1790

foot drain1795

tail-drain1805

flow-dike1812

groopa1825

holla1825

thorough drain1824

yawner1832

acequia madre1835

drove1844

leader1844

furrow-drain1858

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 62 (MED) Se not the swerd al nakid..Nor hungry cley, ner stonys ful vche rene [rhyme vnclene, lene].

1577 Customary Statutes in W. W. Gill Manx Dial. (1934) 96 That all Tyth Corn be received by the Tenth Stoke for casting the Tenth Shefe in the Rean or Furrow was never used or heard of.

1591 (?a1425) Adam & Eve (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 32 Cornes fayre and cleane that growes one ridges out of reane.

1671 H. Herbert Narr. in Camden Misc. (1990) XXX. 302 The soile..is soe dry that they make no ridges or rean as in England.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 73 A Reean, is the distance between two Buts.

1729 J. Lewis & H. Thomas Hist. Great-Brit. i. xii. 57 A tender Nos'd Dog hunting by Pease will feel a good Sceint from the Rean to the Ridge.

1801 W. Coxe Hist. Tour Monmouthshire I. 72 The water..runs in perpetual streams called rheens.

1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 142 A pale blue shrew..has been seen about the margin of our reenes, and the deep marsh ditches.

1867 Macmillan's Mag. June 164 It is intersected..by several large dykes, called in the language of the country ‘rhines’ or ‘rheens’.

1878 S. Smiles G. Moore vii. 112 He had a run of about an hour and a quarter during which we had to cross about 20 rheins, or water jumps.

1891 Field 7 Mar. 332/3 The country intersected with rhenes, most of which take some doing.

1934 A. W. Boyd Country Diary Cheshire Man (1946) 69 The digger plough starts with a central ridge, and the ploughman finishes his plot of ground with a ‘reean’ or hollow on either side [sc. in a ploughing match].

1974 W. Leeds Herefordshire Speech 91 Rean, reen, an open furrow.

2001 Britannia 32 143 The land [sc. southeast Wales] is flat, low-lying and wet, and is drained by a system of field drains, or reens.

†b. A streamlet; = rain n.² 2b. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > streamling or streamlet

lake955

sikec1330

streamleta1552

streamling1605

rain1611

rean1611

streamie1789

draw1864

tricklet1880

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ruisselet, a small brooke or gullet; a reane, or gutter of running water.

2. A ridge, a baulk; a terraced strip; = rain n.² 1. Now chiefly English regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > narrow strip of land

swathc1325

runrig1437

raina1450

selionc1450

rundale1474

quillet1533

rig length1616

plank1631

narrow land1640

rap1710

run-ridge1741

rean1781

slinget1790

slip1837

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 159 (MED) Sette not out thi londis faat or lene To hym whos lond adioyneth on thy rene [L. confinia].

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 94/2 Rean, a dale, or rig in a field.

1859 A. Whitehead Legends of Westmorland 43 Things howk'd oot o' cairns an' reaynes.

1883 F. Seebohm Eng. Village Community x. 381 Similar terraces in the Dales of Yorkshire..are still called by the Dalesmen ‘reeans’ or ‘reins’.

1900 W. Dickinson & E. W. Prevost Gloss. Dial. Cumberland 380/1 At times it is only a part of a field that is in mean, it is then marked off from the rest by meerstones..or by reans.

1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Reans, the space between drills of ploughed furrows.

1997 W. Rollinson Dict. Cumbrian Dial. 132/2 Reeans, reins, strips of uncultivated land between dales or allotments.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rean
释义	reann. Brit. /riːn/, U.S. /rin/, Welsh English /riːn/ Forms: α. late Middle English rene. β. 1500s–1600s reane, 1500s–1700s rean; English regional 1600s 1800s– reean, 1800s reane, 1800s reang (northern), 1800s reayne (Westmorland), 1800s– rean, 1800s– reann (Cumberland), 1800s– reeand (Yorkshire). γ. English regional 1800s– reen, 1800s– reend (northern), 1800s– reene, 1800s– rhein, 1800s– rhene; also Welsh English 1800s– rheen. δ. English regional 1800s– rian (Cumberland, in sense 2), 1800s– r'yan (Yorkshire, in sense 2), 1800s– ryen (Lancashire), 1900s– ryan (Yorkshire, in sense 2). Origin: Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rain n.² Etymology: Apparently ultimately related to rain n.², although the nature of the relationship is unclear. Perhaps a variant of that word (although the phonology poses difficulties: see below), or perhaps the reflex of an unattested Old English variant (with i-mutation) of Old English rān rone n.¹The majority of the forms point to developments from Middle English open ē (as do the rhymes with lean adj. and unclean adj. in quots. ?1440 at sense 1a, ?1440 at sense 2), but it is very difficult to reconcile this with the various explanations that have been offered of this word as a borrowing of the early Scandinavian form of the etymon of rain n.² (as in E. Björkman Scand. Loan-words in Middle Eng. (1900) i. i. 63). The forms in the various dialects would be explained well by Middle English open ē as the reflex of Old English ǣ in a variant (with i-mutation) of the same Germanic base as Old English rān rone n.¹, but against this is the lack of any attestations from Old English or early Middle English, and the lack of any obvious motivation for suffixation of the Germanic base. Some regional forms may simply represent northern pronunciations of rain n.² With forms in final -nd compare rand n.¹ 1. In sense 1a occasionally identified with rhine n.³ (see quot. 1867 at sense 1a) and perhaps influenced by that word (compare γ. forms with initial rh-). Now chiefly English regional and Welsh English. 1. a. A deep furrow used for conducting drainage water from a field or other piece of ground, a water-furrow; (also) a furrow between ridges in a ploughed field; = rain n.² 2. Now English regional and Welsh English. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 62 (MED) Se not the swerd al nakid..Nor hungry cley, ner stonys ful vche rene [rhyme vnclene, lene]. 1577 Customary Statutes in W. W. Gill Manx Dial. (1934) 96 That all Tyth Corn be received by the Tenth Stoke for casting the Tenth Shefe in the Rean or Furrow was never used or heard of. 1591 (?a1425) Adam & Eve (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 32 Cornes fayre and cleane that growes one ridges out of reane. 1671 H. Herbert Narr. in Camden Misc. (1990) XXX. 302 The soile..is soe dry that they make no ridges or rean as in England. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 73 A Reean, is the distance between two Buts. 1729 J. Lewis & H. Thomas Hist. Great-Brit. i. xii. 57 A tender Nos'd Dog hunting by Pease will feel a good Sceint from the Rean to the Ridge. 1801 W. Coxe Hist. Tour Monmouthshire I. 72 The water..runs in perpetual streams called rheens. 1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 142 A pale blue shrew..has been seen about the margin of our reenes, and the deep marsh ditches. 1867 Macmillan's Mag. June 164 It is intersected..by several large dykes, called in the language of the country ‘rhines’ or ‘rheens’. 1878 S. Smiles G. Moore vii. 112 He had a run of about an hour and a quarter during which we had to cross about 20 rheins, or water jumps. 1891 Field 7 Mar. 332/3 The country intersected with rhenes, most of which take some doing. 1934 A. W. Boyd Country Diary Cheshire Man (1946) 69 The digger plough starts with a central ridge, and the ploughman finishes his plot of ground with a ‘reean’ or hollow on either side [sc. in a ploughing match]. 1974 W. Leeds Herefordshire Speech 91 Rean, reen, an open furrow. 2001 Britannia 32 143 The land [sc. southeast Wales] is flat, low-lying and wet, and is drained by a system of field drains, or reens. †b. A streamlet; = rain n.² 2b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > streamling or streamlet lake955 sikec1330 streamleta1552 streamling1605 rain1611 rean1611 streamie1789 draw1864 tricklet1880 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ruisselet, a small brooke or gullet; a reane, or gutter of running water. 2. A ridge, a baulk; a terraced strip; = rain n.² 1. Now chiefly English regional. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > narrow strip of land swathc1325 runrig1437 raina1450 selionc1450 rundale1474 quillet1533 rig length1616 plank1631 narrow land1640 rap1710 run-ridge1741 rean1781 slinget1790 slip1837 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 159 (MED) Sette not out thi londis faat or lene To hym whos lond adioyneth on thy rene [L. confinia]. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 94/2 Rean, a dale, or rig in a field. 1859 A. Whitehead Legends of Westmorland 43 Things howk'd oot o' cairns an' reaynes. 1883 F. Seebohm Eng. Village Community x. 381 Similar terraces in the Dales of Yorkshire..are still called by the Dalesmen ‘reeans’ or ‘reins’. 1900 W. Dickinson & E. W. Prevost Gloss. Dial. Cumberland 380/1 At times it is only a part of a field that is in mean, it is then marked off from the rest by meerstones..or by reans. 1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Reans, the space between drills of ploughed furrows. 1997 W. Rollinson Dict. Cumbrian Dial. 132/2 Reeans, reins, strips of uncultivated land between dales or allotments. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1440
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